CHAPTER III.--THIRTEENTH CENTURY.

General Remarks--Hall at Winchester--Reign of Henry III. remarkable for the Progress of Architecture--Condition of Norman Castles in the Thirteenth Century--Plan of Manor-houses at this Date--House built for Edward I. at Woolmer, Hants--Description of House at Toddington, by M. Paris--Meaning of term _Palatium_--Longthorpe, Stoke-Say Castle--West Deane, Sussex--Aydon Castle--Little Wenham Hall--Two Halls at Westminster, temp Henry III.--Temporary Buildings erected at Westminster for the Coronation of Edward I.--Private Hospitality in this Century--Kitchens--Wardrobes--Influence of Feudal Manners on Domestic Architecture--Building Materials--Wood extensively used--Manor-house of Timber engraved on a Personal Seal--Extensive Use of Plaster--Roofs of the Thirteenth Century--Windows--Glass and Glazing--Digression on the History of Glass-making in England--No Glass made in England until the Fifteenth Century--Wooden Lattices, Fenestrals, &c.--Fire-places and Chimneys--Mantels--Staircases, External and Internal--Internal Decoration of Houses--Wainscote--Polychrome--Artists of the Time of Henry III.; their Style--Their Names--Spurs, Screens, &c.--Tapestry not used in Private Dwellings in the Thirteenth Century. Flooring--Tiles--Baths Camerae Privatae--Conduits and Drains--Houses in Towns--Parisian Houses--Other Foreign Examples--Furniture--Carpets--General State of England in the Thirteenth Century--State of Towns--London and Winchester compared--Travelling--Hackneymen--Inns--State of Trade in England--Agriculture--Remarks on Horticulture.