Part 4

"The penny is next in antiquity. It is first mentioned in the laws of Ina. The term has been derived by various writers from almost every European language; but the conjecture of Wachter, as noticed by Lye, seems the most reasonable. This writer derives it from the Celtic word _pen_, head; the heads of the Saxon princes being stamped on the earliest pennies. The fact of the _testoon_ of later times having been so named, certainly adds weight to the opinion of Wachter."

W. G. S.

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Miscellanies.

"_By Hook or by Crook_" (Vol. i., p. 405.).--The following extract may, perhaps, by multiplying instances, tend to corroborate the supposed origin of the above saying:--

"Not far from them [Peverell's Crosses], in the parish of Egloshayle, is another moonstone [granite] cross near Mount Charles, called the Prior's Cross, on which is cut the figure of a _hook_ and a _crook_, in memory of the privilege granted by him to the poor of Bodmin, for gathering for fire-boot and house-boot such boughs and branches of such trees in his contiguous wood of Dunmere, as they could reach with a _hook and a crook_ without further damage to the trees. From whence arose the Cornish proverb, _they will have it by hook or by crook_."--Hitchins and Drewe, _Hist. Cornwall_, p. 214. vol. ii. edit. 1824.

SELEUCUS.

_Burning dead Bodies._--In his remarks on "ashes to ashes," CINIS says (Vol. i., p.22.) that "the burning of the dead does not appear to be in itself an anti-christian ceremony," &c.: he is mistaken, for the early Christians, like the Jews, never burned their dead, but buried them. The catacombs of Rome and Naples, besides those in other places, were especially used for sepulture; and if CINIS wish for proofs, he will find an abundance in Rock's _Hierurgia_, t. ii. p. 802., &c.

CEPHAS.

_Etymology of "Barbarian," &c._--Passow, in his Lexicon (ed. Liddell and Scott), s.v. [Greek: barbaros], observes that the word was originally applied to "all that were not Greeks, or that did not speak Greek. It was used of all defects which the Greeks thought foreign to themselves and natural to other nations: but as the Hellenes and Barbarians were most of all _separated by language_, the word had always especial reference to this [Greek: glôssa barbara], Soph. Aj. 1263, &c." He considers the word as probably an onomatopoeion, to express the sound of a foreign tongue. (Cf. Gibbon, c. li.; Roth, _Ueber {79} Sinn u. Gebrauch des Wortes Barbar._ Nürnberg, 1814.) I am disposed to look for the root in the Hebr. [Hebrew: BARAR] "_bâr[=a]r_," _separavit_, in its Pilpel form, [Hebrew: BARBAR] "_barbâr;_" hence, "one who is _separated_," "a foreigner." And even though Clel. Voc. 126., n., admits that _purus_, "clean," "_separated_ from dross," originally signifies cleansing by fire, [Greek: pur], yet both it and _far-farris_, "bread-corn," i. e. _separated_ from the husk, and _fur-fur_, "bran," which is _separated_ from the flour, may find their origin possibly from the same source.

E. S. T.

_Royal and distinguished Disinterments._--It is suggested that a volume of deep and general interest might be very easily formed by collecting and arranging the various notices that have from time to time appeared, of the disinterment of royal and distinguished personages. This hint seems deserving of the attention of Messrs. Nichols.

J. H. M.

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Miscellaneous.

NOTES ON BOOKS, CATALOGUES, SALES, ETC.

The great interest excited by the further discovery in August last, of tesselated pavements at Cirencester induced Professor Buckman and Mr. Newmarch at once to issue proposals for a work, descriptive not only of those beautiful specimens of Roman art, but also of all such other of the numerous remains found in the same locality as they could satisfactorily identify. The result was, such a well-filled Subscription List, and such ready co-operation on the part of those who had collectetd and preserved such objects, as have enabled these Gentlemen to produce, under the title of _Illustrations of the Remains of Roman Art in Cirencester, the Site of Ancient Corinium_, a work which will not only gratify the antiquary by its details, and the beauty and fidelity of its engravings, but enable the general reader, without any great exercise of imagination, to picture to himself the social condition of Corinium when garrisoned by Roman cohorts,

"'Ere the wide arch of the ranged Empire fell."

To the grandeur of form, dignity of character, and great breadth of treatment exhibited in these Pavements,--Mr. Westmacott, the Royal Academician, bears his testimony; and the fidelity with which they have been copied in the valuable work before us reflects the highest credit upon all parties engaged in its production.

Messrs. Puttick and Simpson (191. Piccadilly) will sell on Wednesday next an extraordinary Collection of MSS., comprising a cotemporary MS. of Occleve's Poems, Autograph Poetry of Mary Queen of Scots; Legend of St. Molaisse, an Irish MS. of the 11th century, &c., and, among other things, many thousand early Charters, from the time of the Conqueror to the 17th century.

We have received the following Catalogues:--Charles Dolman's (61. New Bond Street) Catalogue of Books in various Languages; Supplement E., comprising many of the works of the Fathers, Ecclesiastical History, &c.; John Petheram's (94. High Holborn) Catalogue, Part CXIII., No. 7. for 1850, of Old and New Books.

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BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.

(_In continuation of Lists in former Nos._)

ARISTOTLE, Buhle's edition, vol. v.

ARNOLD'S THUCYDIDES, vol. i.

KANT'S SAEMMTLICHE WERKE, edition of Schuberand Rosenkrantz (von Leipsic), Part XI.--Query, Has this eleventh part been published?

*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be sent to Mr. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.

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Notices to Correspondents.

VOLUME THE FIRST, _Complete with Index, may now be had, price 9s. 6d., bound in cloth_. THE INDEX, _which we publish this day, is, we trust, sufficiently full to satisfy to the utmost the wishes of our Subscribers. We feel that, if called upon at any time to establish the utility of_ NOTES AND QUERIES, _we may confidently point to the Index as a proof that the Literary Inquirer, be his particular branch of Study what it may, will not search in vain in our pages for valable Notes and Illustrations of it_.

* * * * *

Just published in 8vo., with a Portrait and Plates, Price 12s., cloth; or, in royal 8vo. (large paper), Price 18s. 6d. cloth,

DILSTON HALL; or, Memoirs of the Right Hon. James Radcliff, Earl of Derwentwater, a Martyr in the Rebellion of 1715. To which is added, a visit to Bamburgh Castle; with an Account of Lord Crewe's Charities, and a Memoir of the Noble Founder. Forming the Second Series of Descriptive and Historical Notices of Northumbrian Churches and Castles. By WILLIAM SIDNEY GIBSON, Esq., F.S.A., F.G.S., Barrister-at-Law.

London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, and LONGMANS.

* * * * *

The following Periodical Works will be published on July 1.

THE IMPERIAL CYCLOPÆDIA OF GEOGRAPHY--THE BRITISH EMPIRE, Part III., Price 2s. 6d.

HALF-HOURS WITH THE BEST AUTHORS. Part III., Price 6d. Issued also in Weekly Numbers, Price 1½d.

PICTORIAL HALF-HOURS. Part II., Price 9d. Issued also in Weekly Numbers, Price 2d.

THE LAND WE LIVE IN. Part XXXIV. Price 1s., containing WESTMINSTER ABBEY, with a Map of WESTERN LONDON, and numerous Engravings on Wood.

THE NATIONAL CYCLOPÆDIA OF USEFUL KNOWLEDGE, Part XLII., Price 1s.

*** Vol. X. is now ready, in cloth boards, price 5s.

RE-ISSUE OF THE NATIONAL CYCLOPÆDIA, in Monthly Volumes, cloth, Vol. VI., Price 5s.

On the same day will be published,

HALF-HOURS WITH THE BEST AUTHORS. The First Quarter, forming a Volume with a Frontispiece, containing Portraits of SPENSER, Lord BACON, JEREMY TAYLOR, and Dr. JOHNSON, handsomely bound in cloth, Price Half-a-Crown.

London: CHARLES KNIGHT, Fleet Street.

{80}

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THE BARONIAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL ANTIQUITIES OF SCOTLAND. Illustrated by ROBERT WILLIAM BILLINGS and WILLIAM BURN, Architects. To be completed in Sixty Parts, of which Forty are published; each containing Four large Engravings on Steel, by J. H. LE KEUX and other Artists, and One or more Woodcuts, with Descriptive Letterpress; Price, in medium quarto, 2s. 6d. each.

"The 'Baronial and Ecclesiastical Antiquities' of Mr. Billings is the first work which, either in point of extent or of style, has any claim to be regarded as a collection worthy of the remains yet spared to Scotland."--_Quarterly Review._

* * * * *

MEMORIALS OF THE CASTLE OF EDINBURGH. BY JAMES GRANT, Author of "Memoirs of Kirkaldy of Grange", &c. &c. With Twelve Illustrations, engraved on Wood by BRANSTON. In crown octavo, Price 7s. 6d.

"Of the different books of this nature that have fallen in our way, we do not remember one that has equalled Mr. Grant's 'Memorials of the Castle of Edinburgh.'"--_The Spectator._

* * * * *

MEMOIRS AND ADVENTURES OF SIR WILLIAM KIRKALDY OF GRANGE, Knight, Commander of French Horse, Lord of the Secret Council, and Governor of the Castle of Edinburgh for Mary Queen of Scots. In One Vol., post octavo, Price 10s. 6d.

"It is seldom indeed that we find history so written,--in a style at once vigorous, perspicuous, and picturesque. The author's heart is thoroughly with his subject; and he exhibits, ever and anon, flashes of the old Scottish spirit, which we are glad to believe has not decayed from the land."--_Blackwood's Magazine._

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LAYS OF THE SCOTTISH CAVALIERS, AND OTHER POEMS. By WILLIAM EDMONSTOUNE AYTOUN, Professor of Rhetoric in the University of Edinburgh. Third Edition. With an APPENDIX, containing Examination of Statements in MACAULAY'S "HISTORY OF ENGLAND," relative to GRAHAME of Claverhouse. In fcp. octavo, Price 9s.

"Finer ballads than these, we are bold to say, are not to be found in the language."--_The Times._

"A volume of verse which shows that Scotland has yet a poet. Full of the true fire, it now stirs and swells like a trumpet note--now sinks in cadences sad and wild as the wail of a Highland dirge."--_Quarterly Review._

* * * * *

THE NEW STATISTICAL ACCOUNT OF SCOTLAND. In Fifteen large Volumes octavo, Price 16l. 10s.

The COUNTIES may be had _separately_.

* * * * *

WILLIAM BLACKWOOD and Sons, Edinburgh, and 37. Paternoster Row, London.

* * * * *

Next Week will be published, in Three Vols. 8vo., Price 2l. 8s.

A GLOSSARY OF TERMS USED IN GRECIAN, ROMAN, ITALIAN, and GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE, exemplified by upwards of Eighteen Hundred Illustrations drawn from the best Examples, and Engraved on Wood by JEWITT and other eminent Artists.

JOHN HENRY PARKER, Oxford and London.

Sold also by D. BOGUE, Fleet Street.

* * * * *

THE LATEST WORK ON NINEVEH.

Now ready, Fourth Edition, with upwards of 100 Plates and Woodcuts, 2 vols. 8vo., 36s.

NINEVEH AND ITS REMAINS: being a Narrative of Researches and Discoveries amidst the Ruins of Assyria. With an Account of the Chaldean Christians of Kurdistan; the Yezidis, or Devil-worshippers; and an Enquiry into the Manners and Arts of the Ancient Assyrians. By AUSTEN H. LAYARD, D.C.L.

"This is, we think, the most extraordinary work of the present age, whether with reference to the wonderful discoveries it describes, its remarkable verification of our early biblical history, or the talent, courage, and perseverance of its author. We have had our Bruces and Mungo Parks, as well as our Parrys, Franklins, Backs, and Rosses, but we question whether a more enlightened or a more enterprising traveller than Mr. Layard is to be met with in the annals of our modern English history."--_From the_ TIMES.

JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.

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EARLY FATHERS OF THE ENGLISH CHURCH.

IMPORTANT SERIES of ECCLESIASTICAL WORKS, Re-issued by WASHBOURNE, 18. New Bridge Street, and NUTT, 270. Strand.

BEDÆ VENERABILIS OPERA OMNIA.

Accompanied by an English Translation of the Historical Works, and a Life of the Author. Twelve vols., 8vo., 6l. 6s., reduced to 3l. 3s.

"A new Edition of Bede's Works is now published by Dr. Giles, who has made a discovery amongst MS. treasures, which can scarcely fail of presenting the Venerable Anglo-Saxon's Homilies in a far more trustworthy form than the press has hitherto produced them."--_Soames' Note Mosheim_, vol. ii.

ALDHELMI OPERA. 8vo., 10s. 6d., Reduced to 6s. Aldhelm was the first Bishop of Sherborne, 705-709.

BONIFACII OPERA OMNIA. Two vols., 21s., reduced to 12s. The English Apostle to the Germans, whose Martyrdom took place in 754.

LANFRANCI OPERA. Two vols., 8vo., 21s., reduced to 12s. The first Archbishop of Canterbury after the Conquest. His letters give a lively picture of the state of things in the reign of William.

THOMÆ CANTUARIENSIS OPERA OMNIA, &c. Eight vols., 8vo., published at 4l. 16s. This includes the Letters Foliot, and Works of Herbert of Bosham.

ARNULFI EPISTOLÆ ad HENRICUM II., ST. THOMAM, Arbh. Cant., et Alios, reduced to 6s. The Letters to Henry and Thomas à Beckett are curious and interesting.

JOANNIS SARESBERIENSIS OPERA OMNIA. Five vols., 8vo., published at 2l. 12s. 6d., reduced to 1l. 10s. Friend and Contemporary of Thomas à Beckett.

PETRI BLESENSIS (Bath Archiad.) OPERA OMNIA. Four vols., 8vo., published at 2l. 2s., reduced to 1l. 4s. His historical writings are highly valuable and curious.

This Important and Valuable Series, in Thirty-five Volumes 8vo., published at 19l. 3s. 6d., are at present offered at the reduced price of 9l. for the set.

N. B. The number of copies being small, early application should be made.

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Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.--Saturday, June 29, 1850.