Chapter 4

_Robert Deverell_ (Vol. i., p. 469.).--If my information is too scanty to deserve a place among the Replies, you may treat it as a supplement to Dr. Rimbault's Query. Mr. Deverell also published (according to Lowndes) _A New View of the Classics and Ancient Arts, tending to show the invariable Connexion with the Sciences_, 4to. Lond. 1806; and _Discoveries in Hieroglyphics and other Antiquities_, 6 vols. 8vo. Lond. 1813,--which was suppressed by the author after a few copies had been sold. I have the second and third volumes, being all that relates to Shakspeare. They consist of an edition of Hamlet, Lear, Othello, Merchant of Venice, and the third satire of Horace, copiously illustrated with notes and woodcuts, intended to prove that in the works in question, in common with "all the classics and the different specimens of the arts which have come down to us from the ancients, no part of them is to be understood without supposing that they were mere vehicles of knowledge, not intended to meet the eye or the understanding on the first inspection or perusal;" in short, that all the phrases, characters, and incidents are merely allusions to the appearances of the moon! a representation of which, and of Shakspearian characters, &c., bearing supposed resemblance to its lights and shadows, form the staple of the illustrations. I collect from passages in these volumes, that the first was devoted to a similar illustration of Hudibras. The whole affair seems to afford indications of insanity. In the _Biographical Dictionary of Living Authors_, 8vo., Lond. 1816, I find that in 1802 he was returned to Parliament by the borough of Saltash, in Cornwall: and from the same authority it also appears that, in addition to the works above noticed, he was the author of _A Guide to the Knowledge of the Ancients_, 1803, and _A letter to Mr. Whitbread on two Bills pending in Parliament_, 8vo. 1807.

J. F. M.

{62} _The Hippopotamus._--_The Scotch Kilt._--I was on the point of addressing a Minor Query to you, when No. 33. arrived, and therein I saw a Major Query from L. (p.36.), which prompts an immediate answer. He asks, "Has there been a live hippopotamus in Europe since the reign of Commodus?" To be sure there has, and Capitolinus would have set him right. A goodly assemblage of animals of all sorts was collected by Gordianus Pius, but used by the elder Philip, for the celebration of the secular games on the 1000th anniversary of the building of Rome, or A.D. 248. Among them were 32 elephants, 10 tigers, 10 elks, 60 lions, 30 leopards, 10 hyænas, 1 hippopotamus, 1 rhinoceros, 40 wild horses, 20 wild asses, and 10 giraffes, with a vast quantity of deer, goats, antelopes, and other beasts. "And," it is added in Captain Smyth's Roman Catalogue, "still further to increase the public _hilarity_, 2000 gladiators were matched in mortal affray."

The portrait of the hippopotamus exhibited on that splendid occasion is well represented upon the large brass medals of Otacilia Severa, Philip's wife, and on those of their son, Philip Junior. That of Otacilia is described at length in Captain Smyth's work.

Now for my Minor Query. Can you, Sir, or any of your intelligent correspondents, oblige me by saying who introduced the kilt into Scotland and when? However it may wound local prejudice, I fear our northern brethren will find its use to be much more recent than they seem willing to be aware of. At present I will not put a rider on the question, by asking, whether an Englishman first gave it them: but perhaps you, Sir, will sift it thoroughly, even although a whole corps of rabid MacNicolls should enter the field against you.

[Sigma]

_Ashes to Ashes_ (Vol. ii., p. 22.).--The word is taken from Genesis, xviii. 27.:

"I have taken upon me to speak unto the LORD, which am but dust and ashes."

It is plain that this has nothing to do with the treatment of the corpse; but that whatever the exact meaning of the word in Hebrew may be, it is synonymous with dust. As to dust, this is perfectly plain in Genesis, iii. 19.:

"Till thou return unto the ground; for out of it wast thou taken; for dust thou art, and unto dust shalt thou return."

Here burial seems to be distinctly meant.

The Latin word _cinis_, which denotes ashes produced by burning, is derived from the Greek, which denotes natural dust, I forget whether burnt ashes also.

C. B.

_Dr. Maginn's Miscellanies_ (Vol. i., p. 470.).--Mr. Tucker Hunt (brother of Mr. F. Knight Hunt, author of _The Fourth Estate, a History of Newspapers, &c. &c._) showed me some years since a collections of these papers from various sources, which he proposed to publish, and which I was very glad to learn, as I had always regretted that Dr. Maginn had left no memorial of his splendid talents in a seperate publication, but frittered away his genius in periodicals. As "J. M. B." appears very anxious to obtain an authentic reference to any article contributed by the Dr., I think if he could communicate with Mr. Tucker Hunt, it might be of great assistance. I have not the latter's address, but probably a note to the care of his brother's publisher, "D. Bogue, Fleet Street", might lead to a communication.

W. H. LAMMIN.

Fulham, June 5. 1850

_Living Dog better than a dead Lion_.--For an answer to my Query at Vol. i., pp. 352. 371., where I asked for the authority upon which Baunez gave _Homer_ credit for the expression (which is evidently none of his), "quod leoni mortuo etiam lepores insultant," a friend has referred me to _Antholog. Græc._. 8vo. Lipsiæ, 1794, tom. iv. p. 112.; out of which you may, perhaps, think it not too late to insert the following Epigr. xi.

[Greek: "Hôs apo Hektoros titrôskomenou hupo Hellênôn,] [Greek: Ballete nun meta potmon emon demas. hotti kai autai] [Greek: Nekrou sôma leontos ephubrizousi lagôoi."]

J. SANSOM.

_Gaol Chaplains_ (Vol. ii., p. 22.) were made universal by act of parliament in the fourth year of George IV. Before that they may have existed in some places. In Gloucestershire from 1786.

C. B.

_Rome Ancient and Modern_ (Vol. ii., p. 21.)--Such a map as your correspondent A. B. M. describes, was at Rome in 1827. It was by Vasi. I got it, but never saw it in England.

C. B.

_Trianon_ (Vol. ii., p. 47.).--In justice to myself, and in reply to your correspondent C., who believes I have "not the slightest authority" for my explanation of the word _Trianon_, I beg to refer him to the French dictionaries, in some of which, at all events, he will find it thus written: _Trianon_, subst. masc., _a pavilion_.

J. K. R. W.

* * * * *

Miscellanies

_Aboriginal Chambers near Tilbury_ (Vol. i., p. 462.).--Mr. Cook, of Abeley, Essex, having seen this Query, which had been kindly quoted into _The Athenæum_ of the 25th ultimo, communicated to that journal on Saturday, June 1st, the following information respecting two of these caves, the result of a personal examination of them:--

"The shafts are five in number; and are situated at {63} the edge of Hanging Wood, in the parish of Chadwell, about three miles from Grays Pier. I descended two of them in 1847, by means of a rope and pulley fixed to the branch of a neighbouring tree,--taking the precaution to have a lighted lanthorn swinging a few yards beneath me. They were between eighty and ninety feet in depth,--their diameter at the top six feet, gradually diminishing to three feet at the bottom. There was a great deal of drift sand at the bottom of the shaft, extending a considerable way up, which nearly blocked up the entrance to the chambers. By treading down the sand I soon gained an entrance, and found five chambers communicating with the shaft--three on one side and two on the other. In form they were nearly semicircular. Their dimensions were small, not exceeding thirty feet in length by fifteen in width, but very lofty; they were quite dry and free from foul air. The chambers in both shafts corresponded exactly with each other in size, form, and number. I trust this brief account may be of some service to those gentlemen who intend to explore them, and should be most happy to afford any assistance in my power."

_Mistake in Conybeare and Howson's Life of St. Paul._--In the splendid and learned _Life of St. Paul_, now publishing by Messrs. Longmans, there occurs in a note a broad assertion, but quite erroneous, which may mislead those who would be inclined to take it without examination, induced by the general accuracy and learning of the work. At page 35, note 1., the writer says, "It is remarkable that the Sadducees are mentioned in no other books of the New Testament, except St. Matthew and the Acts." I mentioned this as a _fact_ to a friend, who immediately remembered a passage in St. Luke, chap. xx. v. 27.: "Then came to him certain of the Sadducees," &c. I then turned out Sadducees in Cruden, and there found only Matthew and Acts referred to. On looking at the passage of St. Mark parallel to the abovementioned of St. Luke, I read, "Then came unto him the Sadducees," &c. (xii. 18.) The note, therefore, should end, "except the first three Gospels and the Acts."

E. S. JACKSON.

* * * * *

Miscellaneous.

NOTES ON BOOKS, CATALOGUES, SALES, ETC.

The Rev. W. Haslam, the author of _Perran Zabuloe_, has just issued a little volume entitled _The Cross and the Serpent, being a brief History of the Triumph of the Cross through a long Series of Ages in Prophecy, Types, and Fulfilments_. Though the present work belongs to one of the two classes which, for obvious reasons, we do not undertake to notice in our columns, there is so much of curious matter illustrative of Folk Lore, early remains, and old-world customs, in the third part of it, as to justify our directing the attention of our antiquarian readers to the archæology of the volume. The Druidic Beltein or Midsummer Fire still burns brightly, it appears, in Cornwall. We shall endeavour to transfer to our Folk Lore columns some passages on this and other cognate subjects.

Mr. Russell Smith announces a series of _Critical and Historical Tracts_ on the subject of, I. _Agincourt_; II. _First Colonists of New England_ (this is already issued); and III. Milton, a _Sheaf of Gleanings after his Biographers and Annotators_. The name of Joseph Hunter, F.S.A., which figures upon their title-pages, is a sufficient warrant that they will deserve the attention of the historical student.

Mr. M. A. Denham, the author of the interesting _Collection of Proverbs and Popular Sayings relating to the Seasons, Weather, &c._, published by the Percy Society, also intends to issue some Tracts (limited to fifty copies of each) illustrative of the antiquities of the northern parts of the kingdom. The first is to be on _The Slogans or Slughorns of the North of England_; the second, on _"Some of the Manners and Customs"_ of the North.

We have received the following Catalogues:--Joseph Lilly's (7. Pall Mall) Catalogue of a Choice and Valuable Collection of Rare, Curious, and Useful Books; William Andrews' (7. Corn Street, Bristol) Catalogue, Part IV., 1850, Books just bought from the Deanery, Armagh, &c.; and J. Russell Smith's (4. Old Compton Street, Soho) Bibliotheca Historica et Topographica; Books illustrating the History, Antiquities, and Topography of Great Britain and Ireland.

* * * * *

BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.

(_In continuation of Lists in former Nos._)

GREY'S METHOD OF LEARNING HEBREW.

[The edition that contains the _History of Joseph_ as a Praxis, _not_ that which contains the Proverbs.]

OAKLEY ON OUR LORD'S PASSION.

*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be sent to Mr. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.

* * * * *

Notices to Correspondents.

TITLE AND INDEX TO VOLUME THE FIRST. _A Double Number will be published next week, containing Title and copious Index to the First Volume, price 9d., or stamped to go post free,_ 11d.

_The Monthly Part will be ready at the same time, price 1s._ 9d., _including the Title and Index._

DELTA. _The following appears to us the true reading of the legend of the seal transmitted:_--

+ MINATIVS. T. MRRIS. PPOx. ECCLExIES:SCE: MRIE. D'. GALLATE.

_There appears little doubt as to the last word, whatever may be the locality intended. "Gallatum" has been used for "Wallop" in Hampshire, but it is doubtful if this seal applies to that place._

C. F. O. _The Phigaleian Marbles are in the British Museum. The casts described were modelled from them by an accomplished London Artist._

_Errata._--No. 33., p. 39, 40., in the article _Cosas de España_, Te_r_eda should be Te_x_eda; and for Carrascon, which recently _had_ been reprinted, read _has_. {64}

* * * * *

TO BOOKSELLERS, PRINTERS, STATIONERS, and LITERARY MEN in General, a Country Business, established upwards of Fifty Years, and yielding a net profit of 300_l_. per annum, is now to be sold a great Bargain: it embraces Printing, Bookselling, and Stationery; is carried on in the West of England, on premises admirably adapted for its various branches, and held at a very Low Rental. About 1200l. or 1300l. will be required for the purchase of the Stock, Printing Presses, &c., (which is of the best description), one-third of which may remain on approved Security. Address by Letter only to T. W., Messrs. Simpkin, Marshall, and Co., Stationer's Court, Ludgate Hill.

* * * * *

Vols. I. and II. 8vo., price 28s. cloth.

THE JUDGES OF ENGLAND; from the TIME of the CONQUEST. By EDWARD FOSS, F.S.A.

"A work in which a subject of great historical importance is treated with the care, diligence, and learning it deserves; in which Mr. Foss has brought to light many points previously unknown, corrected many errors, and shown such ample knowledge of his subject as to conduct it successfully through all the intricacies of a difficult investigation, and such taste and judgment as will enable him to quit, when occasion requires, the dry details of a professional inquiry, and to impart to his work, as he proceeds, the grace and dignity of a philosophical history."--_Gent. Mag._

London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, AND LONGMANS.

* * * * *

MEMOIRS OF MUSICK. By the Hon. ROGER NORTH, Attorney-General to James. I. Now first printed from the original MS. and edited, with copious Notes, by EDWARD F. RIMBAULT, LL.D., F.S.A, &c. &c. Quarto; with a Portrait; handsomely printed in 4to.; half-bound in morocco, 15_s_.

This interesting MS., so frequently alluded to by Dr. Burney in the course of his "History of Music," has been kindly placed at the disposal of the Council of the Musical Antiquarian Society, by George Townshend Smith, Esq., Organist of Hereford Cathedral. But the Council, not feeling authorised to commence a series of literary publications, yet impressed with the value of the work, have suggested its independent publication to their Secretary, Dr. Rimbault, under whose editorial care it accordingly appears.

It abounds with interesting Musical Anecdotes; the Greek Fables respecting the origin of Music; the rise and progress of Musical Instruments; the early Musical Drama; the origin of our present fashionable Concerts; the first performance of the Beggar's Opera, &c.

A limited number having been printed, few copies remain for sale: unsold copies will shortly be raised in price to 1l. 11s. 6d.

Folio, price 30s.

THE CHORAL RESPONSES AND LITANIES OF THE UNITED CHURCH OF ENGLAND AND IRELAND. Collect from Authentic Sources. By the Rev. JOHN JEBB, A.M., Rector of Peterstow.

The present Work contains a full collection of the harmonized compositions of ancient date, including nine sets of pieces and responses, and fifteen litanies, with a few of the more ancient Psalm Chants. They are given in full score, and in their proper cliffs. In the upper part, however, the treble is substituted for the "cantus" or "medius" cliff: and the whole work is so arranged as to suit the library of the musical student, and to be fit for use in the Choir.

London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.

* * * * *

Preparing for publication, in 2 vols. small 8vo.

THE FOLK-LORE of ENGLAND. By WILLIAM J. THOMS, F.S.A., Secretary of the Camden Society, Editor of "Early Prose Romances," "Lays and Legends of all Nations," &c. One object of the present work is to furnish new contributions to the History of our National Folk-Lore; and especially some of the more striking Illustrations of the subject to be found in the Writings of Jacob Grimm and other Continental Antiquaries.

Communications of inedited Legends, Notices of remarkable Customs and Popular Observances, Rhyming Charms, &c. are earnestly solicited, and will be thankfully acknowledged by the Editor. They may be addressed to the care of Mr. Bell, Office of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.

* * * * *

THE LATEST WORK ON NINEVEH.

Now ready, Fourth Edition, with upwards of 100 Plates and Woodcuts, 2 vols. 8vo., 36_s_.

NINEVEH AND ITS REMAINS: being a Narrative of Researches and Discoveries amidst the Ruins of Assyria. With an account of the Chaldean Christians of Kurdistan; the Yezidis, or Devil-worshippers; and an Enquiry into the Manners and Arts of the Ancient Assyrians. By AUSTEN H. LAYARD, D.C.L.

"This is, we think, the most extraordinary work of the present age, whether with reference to the wonderful discoveries it describes, its remarkable verification of our early biblical history, or the talent, courage, and perseverance of its author. We have had our Bruces and Mungo Parks, as well as our Parrys, Franklins, Backs, and Rosses, but we question whether a more enlightened or a more enterprising traveller than Mr. Layard is to be met with in the annals of our modern English history."--_From the_ TIMES.

JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.

* * * * *

Published Monthly, price 6d.; Stamped, 7d.; or in advance, 6s. 6d. a Year,

THE ENGLISH JOURNAL OF EDUCATION, specially designed as a medium of Correspondence among the Heads of Training Colleges, Parochial Clergymen, and all Promoters of sound Education, Parents, Sponsors, Schoolmasters, Pupil-Teachers, Sunday-Teachers, &c.

London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.

* * * * *

THE DEVOTIONAL LIBRARY. Edited by WALTER FARQUHAR HOOK, D.D., Vicar of Leeds.

The Devotional Library was commenced in 1846. The design of the Proprietors was to publish, at the lowest possible price, a series of Works, original, or selected from well-known Church of England Divines, which, from their practical character, as well as their cheapness, would be peculiarly useful to the clergy for parochial distribution. Since that period the following have appeared:--

Helps to Self-Examination, ½d. ... Original. The Sum of Christianity, 1d. ... A. Ellis. Directions for Spending One Day Well, ½d. ... Abp. Synge. Short Reflections for Morning and Evening, 2d. ... Spinckes. Prayers for a Week, 2d. ... Sorocold.

The above may also be had, bound together in cloth, as "Helps to Daily Devotion," price 8d. cloth.

The Crucified Jesus, 3d. ... Horneck. The Retired Christian, d. ... Ken. Holy Thoughts and Prayers, 3d. ... Original. The Sick Man Visited, 3d. ... Spinckes. Short Meditations for Every Day in the Year, Two Vols. 1260 pp. cloth, 5s. ... Original. Ditto, Two Vols., calf, gilt edges, 9s. ... Original. The separate Parts may still be had. The Christian Taught by the Church Services, Cloth, 2s. 6d. ... Original. Ditto ditto, calf, gilt edges, 4s. 6d. ... Original. The separate Parts may still be had. Penitential Reflections for Days of Fasting and Abstinence. (Tracts for Lent), 6d. ... Compiled. Rules for the Conduct of Human Life, 1d. ... Abp. Synge. Ejaculatory Prayers, 2d. ... A. Cook. Pastoral Address to a Young Communicant, ½d. ... Original. Litanies for Domestic Use, 2d. ... Compiled. Family Prayers. Cloth, 6d. ... Original. Companion to the Altar. Cloth, 6d. ... Unknown. Aphorisms by Bishop Hall. Cloth, 9d. ... Original. Devout Musings on the Psalms. Parts I. and II. cloth, 1s. each. ... Original. The Evangelical History of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ. Part I., 4d. Part II., 8d. ... Reading. The Common Prayer Book the Best Companion, 3d. ... Unknown. Church School Hymn Book. Cloth, 8d.

The Clergy and others purchasing for distribution, are informed that a reduction of twenty per cent. will be made on all orders of not less than 10_s_. in amount, if addressed direct to the Publisher, Mr. SLOCOMBE, Leeds, or to Mr. BELL, Fleet Street, London, and payment made on delivery.

Leeds: R. SLOCOMBE. London: G. BELL.

* * * * *

Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.--Saturday, June 22. 1850.

* * * * *

Corrections made to printed original.

p. 52 "gamêlioi theoi" - "gamêlioi theio" in original.

p. 56 "admitted in churches or churchyards." - "chuchyards" in original.