Part 1
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NOTES AND QUERIES:
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CONTENTS.
NOTES:-- Page
Memoirs of Grammont, by W. H. Lammin, &c. 583
Bohn's Reprint of Woodfall's "Junius," by H. Martin 584
MINOR NOTES:--Mutilating Books--The Plymouth Calendar-- Divinity Professorships 585
QUERIES:--
Sepulchral Monuments 586
Roger Ascham and his Letters, by J. E. B. Mayor 588
MINOR QUERIES:--Symbolism in Raphael's Pictures-- "Obtains"--Army Lists for Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries--Anonymous Poet--John Bale--A short Sermon 589
MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS:--Quakers' Calendar--"Rodondo, or the State Jugglers"--Rathlin Island--Parochial Registers--"Trevelyan," &c.--Grammar School of St. Mary de Crypt, Gloucester 589
REPLIES:--
Cranmer's Martyrdom, by John P. Stilwell, &c. 590
Coleridge's Unpublished Manuscripts, by C. Mansfield Ingleby 591
Life 591
Inscriptions on Bells, by Peter Orlando Hutchinson, Cuthbert Bede, Rev. H. T. Ellacombe, &c. 592
De Beauvoir Pedigree, by Edgar MacCulloch 596
Right of Refuge in the Church Porch, by Goddard Johnson, &c. 597
Ferdinand Charles III., Duke of Parma, by J. Reynell Wreford, &c. 598
PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE:--Mr. Townsend's Wax-paper Process--Photographic Litigation 598
REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--Vandyking--Monteith--A. M. and M. A.--Greek denounced by the Monks--Caldecott's Translation of the New Testament--Blue Bells of Scotland--"De male quæsitis gaudet non tertius hæres"--Mawkin--"Putting a spoke in his wheel"--Dog Latin--Swedish Words current in England--Mob--"Days of my Youth"--Encore--Richard Plantagenet, Earl of Cambridge--Right of redeeming Property--Latin Inscription on Lindsey Court-house--Myrtle Bee--Mousehunt--Longfellow's "Hyperion"--Benjamin Rush--Quakers executed in North America 599
MISCELLANEOUS:--
Notices to Correspondents 603
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_LONDON, SATURDAY, JUNE 24, 1854._
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Notes.
MEMOIRS OF GRAMMONT.
(Vol. viii., pp. 461. 549.; Vol. ix., pp. 3. 204. 356.)
"Des gens qui écrivent pour le Comte de Grammont peuvent compter sur quelque indulgence."--Vide Introduction to the Memoirs.
Grammont's first visit to England may have been in Nov. 1655, when Bordeaux, the French ambassador, concluded a treaty with Cromwell, whereby France agreed totally to abandon the interests of Charles II.; and Cromwell, on his part, declared war against Spain, by which we gained Jamaica. Another opportunity occurred in 1657, when Cromwell's son-in-law, Lord Fauconberg, was sent to compliment Louis XIV. and Cardinal Mazarin, who were near Dunkirk. The ambassador presented some horses to the King and his brother, and also to the Cardinal. They made the ambassador handsome presents, and the King sent the Duke de Crequi as his ambassador extraordinary to the Protector, accompanied by several persons of distinction.
Grammont was at the siege of Montmedi, which surrendered on the 6th August, 1657.
He accompanied his brother, the Marshal, to Madrid in 1660, to demand the hand of the Infanta for his sovereign. On the Kings entry into Paris the same year with his Queen, Madame de Maintenon writes:
"The Chevalier de Grammont, Rouville, Bellefont, and some other courtiers, followed the household of Cardinal Mazarin, which surprised everybody: it was said it was out of flattery. The Chevalier was dressed in a flame-coloured suit, and was very brilliant."
In 1662 he was disgraced on account of Madlle de la Motte Houdancourt, aggravated also, it is said, by his having watched the King getting over the tiles into the apartments of the maids of honour, and spread the report about.
The writer of the notes to the _Memoirs_ supposes that the Count's circumstances were not very flourishing on his arrival in England, and that he endeavoured to support himself by his literary acquirements. A scarce little work in Latin and French on King Charles's coronation was attributed to him, the initials to which were P. D. C., which it was said might stand for Philibert de Cramont. There seems no reason for this supposition: his finances were no worse in England than they had been in France; and there is no doubt he made his appearance at the Court of England under the greatest advantages. His family were specially protected by the Duke and Duchess of Orleans, the favourite sister of King Charles; and the Count was personally known to the King and to the Duke of York; and from a letter of Comminges', dated 20th Dec. 1662, it may be almost inferred that the Duke sent his own yacht to fetch the Count to London. Bussi-Rabutin writes of the Count, that he wrote almost worse than any one, and therefore not very likely to recruit his finances by authorship.
The exact date of Grammont's marriage has yet to be fixed: probably a search at Doctors' Commons for the licence, or in the Whitehall Registers, if such exist, would determine the day. The first child, a boy, was born on the 28th August, O. S., 7th September, 1664, but did not live long. This would indicate that the marriage took place in December, 1663. From Comminges' letters, dated in that month, it must have been on a day subsequent to the 24th December. Their youngest child, who was afterwards an abbess, was born on the 27th December, 1667.
It has been stated that Grammont was the hero of Molière's _Mariage forcée_, which was performed before the Court at Versailles in 1664. Comminges' letter of May 19-24, 1664, may allude to the Count's conduct to Miss Hamilton. He was twenty years older than the lady.
Under date of October 24-November 3, 1664, Comminges announces the departure from London of the Count and Countess de Grammont.
The Count was present with the King at the conquest of Franche Comte in 1660, and in particular at the siege of Dôle in February, 1668. The Count and Countess were subsequently in England, as King Charles himself writes to the Duchess of Orleans on the 24th October, 1669, that the Count and Countess, with their family, were returning to France by way of Dieppe.
In 1668, according to St. Evremond, the Count was successful in procuring the recall of his nephew, the Count de Guiche.
Evelyn mentions in his _Diary_ dining on the 10th May, 1671, at Sir Thomas Clifford's, "where dined Monsieur de Grammont and several French noblemen."
Madame de Sévigné names the Count in her letter of 5th January, 1672.
He was present at the siege of Maestricht, which surrendered to the King in person on the 29th June, 1673.
Madame de Sévigné names the Count again in her letter of the 31st July, 1675.
The Duchess of Orleans (the second) relates the great favour in which the Count was with the King.
He was present at the sieges of Cambray and Namur in April, 1677, and February, 1678.
We obtain many glimpses of the Count and Countess in subsequent years in the pages of Madame de Sévigné, Dangeau, and others, which may be consulted in preference to filling your columns with extracts. {584}
In 1688, Grammont was sent by the Duke of Orleans to congratulate James II. on the birth of his son; in the _Ellis Correspondence_, under the date of 10th July, 1688, it appears there was to have been an exhibition of fire-works, but it was postponed, and the following intimation of the cause was hinted at by a person behind the scenes:
"The young Prince is ill, but it is a secret; I think he will not hold. The foreign ministers, Zulestein and Grammont, stay to see the issue."
Grammont died on the 30th January, 1707, aged eighty-six years; his Countess survived him only until the 3rd June, 1708, when she expired, aged sixty-seven years. They only left one child, namely, Claude Charlotte, married on the 6th April, 1694, to Henry Howard, Earl of Stafford; Marie Elizabeth de Grammont, born the 27th December, 1667, Abbess of Sainte Marine de Poussey, in Lorraine, having died in 1706, previous to her parents.
Maurepas says that Grammont's eldest daughter was maid of honour to the second Duchess of Orleans, who suspected her of intriguing with her son, afterwards the celebrated Regent. The Duchess, he adds, married her to Lord Stafford.
Another writer says, that although Grammont's daughters were not handsome, yet they caused as much observation at Court as those who were.
W. H. LAMMIN.
Fulham.
Count Hamilton is little to be trusted to in his chronology, from a mischievous custom that he has of, whenever he has to record a marriage or love affair between two parties considerably different in age, adding to that difference extravagantly, to make the thing more ridiculous. Sir John Denham is a well-known instance of this; but another, which is not noticed by the editor of Bohn's edition, nor any other that I have seen, is his making out Col. John Russell, a younger brother of the first Duke of Bedford, to have been seventy years of age in 1664, although his eldest brother was born in 1612, and the colonel could have been little older than, if as old as, De Grammont himself.
J. S. WARDEN.
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BOHN'S REPRINT OF WOODFALL'S "JUNIUS."