Part 1
{165} NOTES AND QUERIES:
A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.
"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.
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No. 226.] SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 25. 1854 [Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition 5d.
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CONTENTS.
NOTES:-- Page
Legends and Superstitions respecting Bees 167
Oxford Jeu d'Esprit 168
Ansareys in Mount Lebanon 169
Primers of the Reign of Queen Elizabeth, by the Rev. T. Lathbury 170
MINOR NOTES:--Objective and Subjective--Lucy Walters, the Duke of Monmouth's Mother--General Haynau's Corpse--"Isolated"--Office of Sexton held by One Family--Sententious Despatches--Reprints Suggested 170
QUERIES:--
Pictures from Lord Vane's Collection 171
Burial-Place of Thurstan, Archbishop of York, by George Fox 172
MINOR QUERIES:--Admiral Hopson--"Three cats sat," &c.-- Herbert's "Church Porch"--Ancient Tenure of Lands-- Dramatic Works--Devreux Bowly--"Corruptio optimi," &c. --Lamenther--Sheriff of Somersetshire in 1765--Edward Brerewood--Elizabeth Seymour--Longfellow--Fresick and Freswick--Has Execution by Hanging been survived?--Maps of Dublin--"The Lounger's Commonplace Book"--Mount Mill, and the Fortifications of London--"Forms of Public Meetings" 172
MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS:--Queen Elizabeth and the Ring--Lives of English Bishops: Bishop Burnet--Eden Pedigree and Arms--The Gentleman's Calling--Obs and Sols--Fystens or Fifteenths 175
REPLIES:--
Hardman's Account of Waterloo 176
Dates of Births and Deaths of the Pretenders 177
"Could we with ink," &c., by J. W. Thomas 179
Mackey's Theory of the Earth by J. Dawson, &c. 179
Do Conjunctions join Propositions only? by G. Boole 180
Robert Bloet, by Edward Foss 181
PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE:--A Hint to the Photographic Society--Test for Nitrate of Silver--Professor Hunt's Photographic Studies--Waxed-paper Pictures--The Double Iodide Solution--Dr. Mansell's Process 181
REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--Buonaparte's Abdication-- Burton Family--Drainage by Machinery--Nattochiis and Calchanti--"One while I think," &c.--"Spires 'whose silent finger points to heaven'"--Dr. Eleazar Duncon --"Marriage is such a rabble rout"--Cambridge Mathematical Questions--Reversible Masculine Names-- The Man in the Moon--Arms of Richard, King of the Romans--Brothers with the same Christian Name-- Arch-priest in the Diocese of Exeter, &c. 183
MISCELLANEOUS:--
Books and Odd Volumes wanted 187
Notices to Correspondents 187
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INSTRUCTION IN ART, General and Special, as afforded at the SCHOOLS of the DEPARTMENT of SCIENCE and ART, at MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, Pall Mall, London. The School consists of
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II. SPECIAL CLASSES for TECHNICAL INSTRUCTION.
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RICHARD REDGRAVE, R.A.
The SPRING SESSION will COMMENCE on 1st of MARCH, and end 31st of July; and the Fees are for that period.
1. The Courses of Instruction are intended to impart systematically a knowledge of the scientific principles of Art, especially in its relation to the useful purposes of life. A limited application of those principles is demonstrated with the view of preparing Students to enter upon the future practice of the Decorative Arts in Manufactories and Workshops, either as Masters, Overseers, or skilled workmen. At the same time, instruction is afforded to all who may desire to pursue these studies without reference to a preparation for any special Branch of Industry. Special Courses are arranged in order to train persons to become Masters of Schools of Art, and to enable Schoolmasters of Parochial and other Schools to teach Elementary Drawing as a part of general Education concurrently with Writing.
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Also at Gore House, Kensington, on Monday and Thursday.
7. A Register of the Students' attendances is kept, and may be consulted by Parents and Guardians.
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Fees:--Advanced Classes, 2l. and 4l.; Elementary Class, 20s.; Evening Class, 10s.
A Class also meets at Gore House, Kensington, Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays.
9. DISTRICT SCHOOLS OF ART, in connexion with the Department, are now established in the following places. Open every Evening (except Saturday) from 7 to 9:30. Entrance Fee, 2s. Admission, 2s. and 3s. per month. The instruction comprises Practical Geometry and Perspective, Free-hand and Mechanical Drawing, and Elementary Colour:--
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At 1. and 2. Schools there are Female Classes. Application for admission to be made at the Offices in each locality.
For farther information, apply at Marlborough House, Pall Mall.
HENRY COLE, LYON PLAYFAIR, Joint Secretaries.
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{166}
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{167}
_LONDON, SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 25, 1854._
Notes.
LEGENDS AND SUPERSTITIONS RESPECTING BEES.
The Vicar of Morwenstow, among the beautiful poems to be found in his _Echoes from Old Cornwall_, has one entitled "A Legend of the Hive:" it commences--
"Behold those winged images! Bound for their evening bowers; They are the nation of the bees, Born from the breath of flowers: Strange people are they; a mystic race In life, and food, and dwelling-place!"
As another poet has sung:
"His quidam signis, atque hæc exempla secuti, _Esse Apibus partem Divinæ mentis_ et haustus Ætherios dixere."
Mr. Hawker's Legend is to this effect: A Cornish woman, one summer, finding her bees refused to leave their "cloistered home," and "ceased to play around the cottage flowers," concealed a portion of the Holy Eucharist which she obtained at church:
"She bore it to her distant home, She laid it by the hive To lure the wanderers forth to roam, That so her store might thrive;-- 'Twas a wild wish, a thought unblest, Some evil legend of the West.
"But lo! at morning-tide a sign, For wondering eyes to trace, They found above that Bread, a shrine Rear'd by the harmless race! They brought their walls from bud and flower, They built bright roof and beamy tower!
"Was it a dream? or did they hear Float from those golden cells A sound, as of some psaltery near, Or soft and silvery bells? A low sweet psalm, that griev'd within In mournful memory of the sin!"
The following passage from Howell's _Parley of Beasts_, Lond. 1660, furnishes a similar legend of the piety of bees. Bee speaks:
"Know, Sir, that we have also a religion as well as so exact a government among us here; our hummings you speak of are as so many hymns to the Great God of Nature; and ther is a miraculous example in _Cæsaries Cisterniensis_, how som of the Holy Eucharist being let fall in a medow by a priest, as he was returning from visiting a sick body, a swarm of bees being hard by took It up, and in a solemn kind of procession carried It to their hive, and there erected an altar of the purest wax for It, where It was found in that form, and untouched."--P. 144.
It is remarkable that, in the Septuagint version of Prov. vi. 8., the bee is introduced after the ant, and reference is made to [Greek: tên ergasian hôs semnên poieitai: ergas. sem.] St. Ambrose translates it _operationem venerabilem_; St. Jerome, _opus castum_; Castalio, _augustum opus_; Bochart prefers _opus pretiosum, aut mirabile_.[1]
Pliny has much to say about bees. I shall give an extract or two in the Old English of Philemon Holland:
"Bees naturally are many times sick; and that do they shew most evidently: a man shall see it in them by their heavie looks and by their unlustines to their businesse: ye shall marke how some will bring forth others that be sicke and diseased into the warme sunne, and be readie to minister unto them and give them meat. Nay, ye shall have them to carie forth their dead, and to accompanie the corps full decently, as in a solemne funerall. If it chaunce that the king be dead of some pestilent maladie, the commons and subjects mourne, take thought, and grieve with heavie cheere and sad countenance: idle they be, and take no joy to do any thing: they gather in no provision: they march not forth: onely with a certain doleful humming they gather round about his corps, and will not away.
"Then requisite it is and necessarie to sever and part the multitude, and so to take away the bodie from them: otherwise they would keepe a looking at the breathlesse carcasse, and never go from it, but still mone and mourne without end. And even then also they had need be cherished and comforted with good victuals, otherwise they would pine away and die with hunger."--Lib. XI. cap. xviii.
"We bury our dead with great solemnity; at the king's death there is a generall mourning and fasting, with a cessation from labour, and we use to go about his body with a sad murmur for many daies. When we are sick we have attendants appointed us, and the symptoms when we be sick are infallible, according to the honest, plain poet:
"If bees be sick (for all that live must die), That may be known by signes most certainly; Their bodies are discoloured, and their face Looks wan, which shows that death comes on apace. They carry forth their dead, and do lament, Hanging o' th' dore, or in their hives are pent.'" _Howell_, p. 138.
Of bees especially the proverb holds good, that "Truth is stranger than fiction." The discoveries of Huber, Swammerdam, Reaumur, Latreille, Bonnet, and other moderns, read more like a fairy-tale than anything else, and yet the subject is far from being exhausted. At the same time modern naturalists have substantiated the accuracy of the ancients in many statements which were considered ridiculous fables. The ancients {168} anticipated us so far as even to have used _glass hives_, for the purpose of observing the wonderful proceedings of this winged nation. Bochart, quoting an old writer, says:
"Fecit illis Aristoteles _Alveare Vitreum_, ut introspiceret, qua ratione ad opus se accingerent. Sed abnuerunt quidquam operari, donec interiora vitri luto oblevisset."--_Hierozoicon_, Lond. 1663, folio, Part II. p. 514.
EIRIONNACH.
[Footnote 1: The bee is praised for her pious labours in the offices of the Roman Church, "as the unconscious contributor of the substance of her paschal light." "Alitur enim liquantibus ceris, quas in substantiam pretiosæ hujus lampadis _Mater Apia_ eduxit."--_Office of Holy Saturday._]
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OXFORD JEU D'ESPRIT.
The following _jeu d'esprit_ appeared at Oxford in 1819: printed, not published, but laid simultaneously on the tables of all the Common Rooms. No author's name was attached to it then, and therefore no attempt is now made to supply this deficiency by conjecture. Since the attention of the discerning public has lately been directed towards the University of Oxford, probably with the expectation of finding some faults in her system of education, it is possible that some of those who are engaged or interested in that inquiry may be amused and instructed by the good sense, humour, logic, and Latinity of this satire.
"ERUDITIS OXONIÆ AMANTIBUS SALUTEM.
"Acerrimis vestrûm omnium judiciis permittitur conspectus, sive syllabus, libri breviter edendi, et e Prelo Academico, si Diis, _i. e._ Delegatis, placet, prodituri: in quo multa dictu et notatu dignissima a tenebris et tineis vindicantur; multa ad hujusce loci instituta et disciplinam pertinentia agitantur; plurima quæ Academiæ famam et dignitatem spectant fuse admodum et libere tractantur et explicantur. Subjiciuntur operis illustrandi ergo capitum quorundam Argumenta,
'[Greek: Ek Dios archômestha].'