Part 1
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Transcriber's note: A few typographical errors have been corrected: they are listed at the end of the text.
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{581} NOTES AND QUERIES:
A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.
"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.
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No. 216.] SATURDAY, DECEMBER 17. 1853. [Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition 5d.
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CONTENTS.
NOTES:-- Page Teaching a Dog French, by Arthur Paget 581 The Religion of the Russians 582 Leicestershire Epitaphs, by William Kelly 582 Longfellow's "Reaper and the Flowers" 583
MINOR NOTES:--"Receipt" or "Recipe"--Death of Philip III. of Spain--Churchwardens--Epigram--Oxford Commemoration Squib, 1849--Professor Macgillivray--Manifesto of the Emperor Nicholas 583
QUERIES:-- William Cookworthy, the Inventor of British Porcelain, by J. Prideaux 585 Catholic Floral Directories, &c. 585 George Alsop 585
MINOR QUERIES:--B. L. M.--Member of Parliament electing himself--"Suaviter in modo, fortiter in re"--Jacobite Garters --Daughters taking their Mothers' Names--General Fraser--A Punning Divine--Contango--Pedigree to the Time of Alfred-- "Service is no inheritance"--Antiquity of Fire-irons-- General Wolfe at Nantwich--"Corporations have no Souls," &c.--Leeming Family--MS. Poems and Songs--Bishop Watson 585
MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS:--Herbert's "Memoirs of the Last Years of Charles I."--"Liturgy of the Ancients"--"Ancient hallowed Dee"--Who was True Blue?--Charge of Plagiarism against Paley--Weber's "Cecilia"--Andrew Johnson--MS. by Glover--Gurney's Short-hand--Spurious Don Quixote 587
REPLIES:--
Pronunciation of Hebrew Names and Words in the Bible, by T. J. Buckton, &c. 590 Lord Halifax and Mrs. Catherine Barton, by Weld Taylor 590 Inscriptions in Books 591 Praying to the West 592 "Green Eyes," by C. Forbes, &c. 592 The Myrtle Bee, by W. R. D. Salmon 593 Tin 593 Milton's Widow 594 Books chained to Desks in Churches--Old Parochial Libraries 595 The Court-house, by P. H. Fisher 596
PHOTOGRAPHY.--On the Simplicity of the Calotype Process, by Dr. Diamond 596
REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--Belike--Stage-coaches--Birthplace of King Edward V.--Ringing Church Bells at Death--What is the Origin of "Getting into a Scrape?"--High Dutch and Low Dutch--Discovery of Planets--Gloves at Fairs--Awk--Tenet-- Lovett of Astwell--Irish Rhymes--Passage in Boerhaave-- Unkid--To split Paper--La Fleur des Saints--Dr. Butler and St. Edmund's Bury, &c. 600
MISCELLANEOUS:-- Notes on Books, &c. 606 Books and Odd Volumes wanted 607 Notices to Correspondents 607 Advertisements 608
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Notes.
TEACHING A DOG FRENCH.
"N. & Q." the other day (Vol. viii., p. 464.) contained a curious tale of a cat: will you insert as a pendent the following one of a dog? The supposition that D. Julio was some obnoxious Frenchman protected by the Government, seems necessary to account for the "teachyng a dogg frenche" in front of his door constituting such a dire offence. His name occurs, if I remember rightly, in Dr. Dee's _Diary_ (Cam. Soc.), but I have not the book at hand to refer to. Perhaps some of your correspondents may inform me who he was. The original is in the Lansdowne MS. (114. No. 8.) in the British Museum; and the fact of its being amongst Lord Burleigh's papers shows that the occurrence took place between 1571 and 1598, the respective dates of his appointment as "l tresurer" and his death.
ARTHUR PAGET.
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"_D. Julio's Abstract of the Deposicons of ye witnesses sworne touching ye speches of John Paget_.
"To proue that one William (sic) Paget, on the V^{th} day of this present moneth, being Friday, betwixt VIII and IX of the clocke at nyght, went vp and down teachyng a dogg frenche.
"1. M^{ris} Karter, a jentilwoman borne, sayeth, that about the same tym, she did hear the said Paget, that he wold teache his dogg to speak frenche.
"2. M^{ris} Anne Coot, a jentilwoman, affirmeth the same.
"3. One William Poyser, yeoman, sayeth, that he harde Paget saye that he wold make his dogg speake as good frenche as any of them.
"4. James Hudson sayeth, that standing at his maisters doore he did hear Paget speake to his dogg in a straunge language, but what language he knew not.
"5. Edward, a grosser, is to be deposed that he harde Paget say, I will teache my dogg to speake frenche, and was talking with his dogg in frenche.
"To proue that the sayd Paget did say, Shortlye will come vnto the realme frenche dogges, I hope I shall see thame all rootted out.
"1. M^{ris} Karter sayeth, she harde Paget say, Shortlie wil come vnto the realme frenche dogges, I hope I shall see thame all rootted out.
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"2. M^{ris} Anne Coot affirmeth the same.
"3. William Poyser sayeth, he harde Paget say, Within this week or two, there will come a great many frenche dogges.
"4. M^{ris} Eleonore Borgourneci vppon her othe affirmeth the same.
"5. The l maior writteth in his l[=r]e to my l tresurer that Paget affirmeth before him that he wold the realme were ryd of all yll straungers, adding this qualification. [Qualification not given.]
"To proue the great assembly that was with Paget, before D. Julio came home to his howse.
"1. John Polton saieth, when his maister came home there was about a hundreth persone of men, women, and chyldren, vp and downe there.
"2. James Hudson sayeth, that he thinketh there was about ^{XX}IIII people assembled in the streett before this examinat his maister came home.
"3. Richard Preston sayeth, that there was in his iudgement aboue a hundred people in the streett before this deponets maister came home, and after his m^r came home the nomber of the people were greater.
"To proue that the sayd Paget did resiste to the constable when he came to apprehend him.
"1. William Poyser sayeth, when the constable came to apprehende the sayd Paget he kept the constable out with force, and sayd he should not enter on him.
"2. James Hudson sayeth, Paget wold not suffer the constable to entere vnto his howse, but sayd if any man will entere vnto this howse, yf it were not f^r felony or treason to apprehend him, he wold kill hym, yf he could, f^r he sayd his howse was his castell.
"3. Richard Preston sayeth, when the constable came to apprehende Pagett, he hauing a bill or halberd in his hand, did keape him out of his howse, and sayd, he showld not enter except it were f^r felonye or treason, or that he brought my l maiors warrant."
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THE RELIGION OF THE RUSSIANS.
Public attention being very particularly directed towards the Russian nation at the present time, a few remarks regarding some peculiarities in their manner of worship, &c., which probably are not generally known, may be interesting.
I have been for some time past endeavouring to determine the exact nature of the homage the Russians pay to the "gods"--whether they should be called _images_ or _pictures_? and whether the Russians should be considered idolaters or not?
Whenever a Russian passes a church, his custom is to cross himself (some do so three times, accompanying it with bowing). In every room in their houses an image (or picture) is placed in the east corner, before which they uncover their heads and cross themselves on entering.
Their churches are filled with these their representatives of the deity, and it is very curious to observe a devout Russian kissing the toe of one, crossing himself before another, while to another he will in addition prostrate himself, even with his head to the ground; this latter is also very frequently done at intervals during the celebration of their services: but their churches are always open, so that if any one wants to pay devotion to a particular image (or picture) while no service is going on, he can do so.
I understand that they consider they worship the deity through these representations. In the present day these gods are called _obraaz_, of which the literal translation is _image_. The old Sclavonic word for them is _eekona_, which was formerly in general use, and has exactly the same meaning, answering to the Greek word [Greek: eikôn]. As far as I can make out, neither of these words can be translated _picture_; but I do not remember to have found this point touched upon in any books I I have read on Russia or its religion; and hope, if any correspondent is able to give us farther information on the subject, he will do so.
The Russians also believe in relics, in their efficacy in healing diseases, working other miracles, &c. Notwithstanding this, a very short time ago, a new relic was found in the south of Russia, and a courier being immediately despatched with it to the Emperor at St. Petersburg; on his arrival, his Imperial Majesty (expecting some important news regarding his operations in the neighbourhood of Turkey), when told his errand, exclaimed, "Away with the relic! it is time to put an end to such nonsense." Would that this were to be carried out! But their superstitions seem too deeply rooted to be done away with in a short time.
J. S. A.
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LEICESTERSHIRE EPITAPHS.
Having seen only one epitaph from this county among those which have appeared in "N. & Q.," I annex a few specimens, which you may perhaps deem worth inserting in your pages.
Burbage:
"These pretty babes, who we did love, Departed from us like a dove; These babes, who we did much adore, Is gone, and cannot come no more."
Hinckley:
"My days on earth they were but few, With fever draughts and cordials few, They wasted like the morning dew."
Braunstone:
"All triumph yesterday, to-day all terror! Nay, the fair morning overcast ere even: Nay, one short hour saw well and dead, War's mirror Having Death's swift stroke unperceived given."
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Another:
"An honest, prudent wife was she; And was always inclin'd A tender mother for to be, And to her neighbours kind."
Belgrave. This I quote from memory; it may not be verbally, but it is substantially correct:
"Laurance Stetly slumbers here; He lived on earth near forty year; October's eight-and-twentieth day His soul forsook its house of clay, And thro' the pure ether took its way. We hope his soul doth rest in heaven. 1777."
Newtown Linford, adjoining Bradgate Park. In this churchyard is a tombstone on which is engraved only the letters of the alphabet and the simple numerals. The story goes, that he who lies below, an illiterate inhabitant of the village in the last century, whose name, I believe, is now forgotten, being very anxious that, after death, a tombstone should be erected to perpetuate his memory, and being fearful that his relatives might neglect to do so, came to Leicester to purchase one himself. Seeing this stone in the mason's workshop (where it was used by the workmen as a pattern for the letters and figures), he bought it "a bargain," supposing it would serve his purpose as well as a new one, and after his decease it was placed at the head of his grave, where it now appears.
All Saints' churchyard, Leicester. On two children of John Bracebridge, who were both named John, and died infants:
"Both John and John soon lost their lives, And yet, by God, John still survives."
Throsby (_Hist. of Leic._) relates that Bishop Thurlow, at one of his visitations, had the words _by God_ altered to _thro' God_.
WILLIAM KELLY.
Leicester.
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LONGFELLOW'S "REAPER AND THE FLOWERS."
On looking over, a short time ago, a book of German songs, I was much struck by the similarity of thought, and even sometimes of expression, between the above piece from Mr. Longfellow's _Voices of the Night_, and a song by Luise Reichardt, a few verses of which I subjoin; as perhaps the song may not be known to some of your correspondents.
"It is a favourite theme," as Sir W. Scott says, "of laborious dulness to trace such coincidences, because they appear to reduce genius of the higher order to the usual standard of humanity, and of course to bring the author nearer to a level with his critics."
It is not, however, with the view of detracting from the originality of Mr. Longfellow, that these two small pieces are put side by side; for possibly the song alluded to was never seen by our transatlantic neighbour, but merely for the purpose of showing how the poets treat the same, and certainly not very novel subject.
"DER SCHNITTER TOD. (Von Luise Reichartdt.) "Es ist ein Schnitter, der heisst Tod, Der hat Gestalt vom höchsten Gott. Heut' wetzt er das Messer, Es schneid't schon viel besser, Bald wird er drein schneiden, Wir müssen's nur leiden. Hüte dich, schön's Blümelein!
"Was heut' noch grün und frisch dasteht, Wird morgen schon hinweg gemäht; Die edlen Narzissen, Die Zierden der Wiesen Die schön' Nyagnithen, Die turkischen Binden. Hüte dich, schön's Blümelein!
"Viel hundert tausend ungezählt, Was nur unter die Sichel fällt: Ihr Rosen, ihr Lilien, Euch wird er austilgen, Auch die Kaiserkronen Wird er nicht verschonen, Hüte dich, schön's Blümelein!
"Trotz, Tod! Komm her, ich fürcht' dich nicht! Trotz, eil daher in einem Schnitt! Werd' ich nur verletzet, So werd' ich versetzet, In den himmlischen Garten, Auf den wir alle warten, Freue dich, schön's Blümelein!"
J. C. B.
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Minor Notes.
_"Receipt" or "Recipe."_--In one of Mr. Ryle's popular tracts, "_Do you pray?_" Wertheim and Mackintosh: London, 1853, occurs the following expression, p. 18.:
"What is the best _receipt_ for happiness?"
Is the use of "receipt" for "recipe" to be admitted into the English language?
W. E.
_Death of Philip III. of Spain._--D'Israeli, in his _Curiosities of literature_, states to the effect that this kings fatal illness was induced by the overheating of a brazier, whereof state etiquette forbad the removal until the person in regular attendance should arrive. For this statement he quotes no authority, and consequently MR. BOLTON CORNEY, in his _Illustrations of the Curiosities of Literature_ (2nd ed., p. 87.), discredits the story.
It is singular that MR. CORNEY should have forgotten that the anecdote is given by the Maréchal {584} de Bassompierre, who was at Madrid at the time of the king's death; the Maréchal's informant was the Marquis de Pobar, _who was present at the scene_. Is not this sufficient? (See _Mémoires de Bassompierre_, under the date of 11th of March, 1621, vol. i. p. 548. of the edition of Cologne, 1665.)
C. V.
_Churchwardens._--In an old scrap-book in my possession, I met with the following, which, should you deem it of sufficient interest, I shall be glad to see inserted in "N. & Q." The print appears to be about sixty or seventy years old, and evidently from a newspaper:
"The institution of churchwardens is of remote antiquity, they having been first appointed at the African Council, held under Celestine and Boniface, about the year of our Lord 423. These officers have at different periods been distinguished by different appellations, _Defensores_, _Oeconomi_, and _Præpositi Ecclesiæ_, _Testes Synodales_, &c. In the time of Edward III. they were called Church Reves, as we read in Chaucer:
'Of church reves, and of testamentes, Of contractes, and of lacke of sacramentes.'
At this day they are called Churchwardens; all those names being expressive of the nature of the office, which is to guard, preserve, and superintend the rights, revenues, buildings, and furniture of the church. In an old churchwarden's book of accounts, belonging to the parish of Farringdon, in the county of Berks, and bearing date A.D. 1518, there is the form of admitting churchwardens into their office at that period, in the following words: 'Cherchye Wardenys, thys shall be your charge: to be true to God and to the cherche: for love nor for favor off no man wythin thys parriche to withold any ryght to the cherche; but to resseve the dettys to hyt belongythe, or else to go to the devell.'"
Your readers will observe that the last is a very summary kind of sentence. Any farther information relating to the institution of churchwardens[1] will be esteemed by
J. B. WHITBORNE.
[Footnote 1: On the institution of churchwardens consult Burn's _Ecclesiastical Law_, tit. Churchwardens; and the works noticed in "N. & Q.," Vol. vii., p. 359.]
_Epigram._--In an old book I found this epigram, published in 1660, more suitable perhaps for your columns during the excitement of the Papal aggression than now:
"ON ROME. "Hate and debate Rome through the world hath spread, Yet Roma, amor is, if backward read; Then is it strange, Rome hate should foster? no, For out of backward love, all hate doth grow."
ALIQUIS.
Edinburgh.
_Oxford Commemoration Squib_, 1849.--The following _jeu d'esprit_ was circulated in Oxford at the Commemoration in 1849; it created a great sensation at the time, from its clever allusion to the political changes on the other side of the channel, and, I think, deserves to be rescued from oblivion by a place in the columns of "N. & Q.:"
"LIBERTY! FRATERNITY! EQUALITY!
"Citizen Academicians,
"The cry of Reform has been too long unheard. Our infatuated rulers refused to listen to it. The term of their tyranny is at length accomplished. The Vice-Chancellor has fled on horseback. The Proctors have resigned their usurped authority. The Scouts have fraternised with the friends of liberty. The University is no more. A Republican Lyceum will henceforth diffuse light and civilisation. The hebdomadal board is abolished. The Legislative Powers will be entrusted to a General Convention of the whole Lyceum. A Provisional Government has been established. The undersigned citizens have nobly devoted themselves to the task of administration.
(Signed) "Citizen CLOUGH (_President of the Executive Council_). SEWELL. BOSSOM (_Operative_). JOHN CONINGTON. WRIGHTSON."
Your academical readers will appreciate the signatures.
TEWARS.
_Professor Macgillivray._--The mention by W. (Vol. viii., p. 467.) of this lamented naturalist's posthumous work, descriptive of the _Natural History of Balmoral_, and of its intended publication by Prince Albert, induces me to hope that you will give insertion to the following extract from Professor Macgillivray's _History of the Molluscous Animals of Aberdeenshire_, &c., as showing the character of the man, and the spirit in which he prosecuted his researches.
"The labour required for such an investigation cannot be at all appreciated by those who have not directed their energies towards such an object. The rocky coasts and sandy beaches of the sea, the valleys and hills of the interior, the pastures, mossy banks, thickets, woods, rocks, ruins, walls, ditches, pools, canals, rills, and rivers, were all to be assiduously searched. No collections of mollusca made in the district were known to me, nor do any of our libraries contain the works necessary to be consulted, although that of King's College supplies some of great value. In a situation so remote from the great centres of civilisation, the solution of doubts is often difficult of attainment, and there is always a risk of describing as new what may already have been entered into the long catalogue of known objects. But the pleasure of continually adding to one's knowledge, the sympathy of friends, the invigorating influence of the many ramblings required, the delight of aiding others in the same pursuits, and many other circumstances, amply suffice to carry one through greater difficulties than those alluded to, even should the sneers of the {585} ignorantly-wise, or the frowns of the pompously-grave, be directed toward the unconscious wight, who, immersed in mud, gropes with the keenness of a money-gatherer, for the to them insignificant objects, which have exercised the wisdom and the providence of the glorious Creator."--Preface, p. 10.
J. MACRAY.
_Manifesto of the Emperor Nicholas._--Some of the newspapers, having stated that the concluding Latin words in this manifesto--"Domine in te speravi, ne confundar in eternum"--are from the Psalms, I beg to say that these words are not taken from the Scriptures of either Testament, nor from the Apocrypha; but constitute the last verse of the "Te Deum," commencing, "We acknowledge thee to be the Lord," and ending, "O Lord, in thee have I trusted, let me never be confounded." It is usual to sing "Te Deum" after victories, but Nicholas begins his song _before_ he achieves one: taking the _last_ verse _first_.
T. J. BUCKTON.
Lichfield.
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Queries.
WILLIAM COOKWORTHY, THE INVENTOR OF BRITISH PORCELAIN.
In endeavouring to revive the neglected memory of this good and great man, I have carefully looked over the chief periodicals of his day (1730 to 1780) with very little success; perhaps because those I have at command, the _Gentleman's Magazine_, _Universal Magazine_, and _Universal Museum_, were not those selected for his correspondence.
If any of your readers can refer me to any papers or essays of his, or any details of the internal management of his China works, or of his public or private life, it will be doing me a great favour.
What I have hitherto collected are chiefly fragmentary accounts of his life and character; general notices of his discovery of the China clay and stone, of the progress of his manufactory, and of his treatment of British cobalt ores; details of his experiments on the distillation of sea-water for use on ship-board; a treatise in detail on the divining rod; and several of his private letters, chiefly religious.
Most of these I have thrown out in print, under the title of _Relics of William Cookworthy, &c._, which I am desirous of making much more complete.
J. PRIDEAUX.
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CATHOLIC FLORAL DIRECTORIES, ETC.