Chapter 1

He also quotes Ecclus (xi. 10.), St. Gregory, St. Bernard, Seneca, Quintillian, and Juvenal to the same purpose.

Southey quotes part of this passage from Bishop Taylor (in the _Doctor_) and adds:

"Lord Holland's poet, the prolific Lope de Vega, tells us to the same purport. The _Homo Unius Libri_ is indeed proverbially formidable to all conversational figurantes: like your sharpshooter, he knows his piece, and is sure of his shot."

The truth of this dictum of St. Thomas cannot be too much insisted on in this age of many books, which affords such incentives to literary dissipation and consequent shallowness.

"An intellectual man, as the world now conceives of him, is one who is full of 'views,' on all subjects of philosophy, on all matters of the day. It is almost thought a disgrace not to have a view at a moment's notice on any question from the Personal Advent to the Cholera or Mesmerism. This is owing in a great measure to the necessities of periodical literature, now so much in request. Every quarter of a year, every month every day, there must be a supply for the gratification of the public, of new and luminous theories on the subjects of religion, foreign politics, home politics, civil economy, finance, trade, agriculture, emigration, and the colonies. Slavery, the gold fields, German philosophy, the French empire, Wellington, Peel, Ireland, must all be practised on, day after day, by what are called original thinkers."--_Dr. Newman's Disc. on Univ. Educ._, p. xxv. (preface).

This writer follows up the subject very ably, and his remarks on that spurious philosophism which shows itself in what, for want of a better word, he calls "viewiness," are worth the attention of all _homines unius libri_.

P.S.--As I think of it, I shall make a cognate Query. Some facetious opponent of the schoolmen fathered on St. Thomas Aquinas an imaginary work in sundry folio volumes entitled _De Omnibus Rebus_, adding an equally bulky and imaginary supplement--_Et Quibusdam Aliis_. This is as often used to feather a piece of unfledged wit, as the speculation concerning the number of angels that could dance on the point of a needle, and yet I have never been able to trace out the inventor of these visionary tomes.

EIRIONNACH.

* * * * *

THE FORLORN HOPE.

(Vol. viii., p. 411.)

My attention was directed to the consideration of this expression some years ago when reading in John Dymmoks' _Treatise of Ireland_, written about the year 1600, and published among the _Tracts relating to Ireland, printed for the Irish Archæological Society_, vol. ii., the following paragraph:

"Before the vant-guard marched the _forelorn hope_, consisting of forty shott and twenty shorte weapons, with order that they should not discharge untill they presented theire pieces to the rebells' breasts in their trenches, and that sooddenly the short weapons should enter the trenches pell mell: vpon eyther syde of the vant-guarde (which was observed in the batle and reare-guarde) marched wings of shott enterlyned with pikes, to which were sent secondes with as much care and diligence as occasion required. The baggage, and a parte of the horse, marched before the battell; the rest of the horse troopes fell in before the _rearewarde_ except thirty, which, in the head of the _rearelorne hope_, conducted by Sir Hen. Danvers, made the retreit of the whole army."--P.32.

The terms _rearelorne hope_ and _forlorne hope_ occur constantly in the same work, and bear the same signification as in the foregoing.

Remarking upon this circumstance to my friend the late Dr. Graves, he wrote the following notice of the word in the _Dublin Quarterly Journal of Medical Science_, of which I was then the editor, in Feb. 1849:

"Military and civil writers of the present day seem quite ignorant of the true meaning of the words {570} _forlorn hope_. The adjective has nothing to do with despair, nor the substantive with the 'charmer which lingers still behind;' there was no such poetical depth in the words as originally used. Every corps marching in any enemy's country had a small body of men at the head (_haupt_ or _hope_) of the advanced guard; and which was termed the _forlorne hope_ (_lorn_ being here but a termination similar to _ward_ in _forward_), while another small body at the head of the rere guard was called the _rear-lorn hope_ (xx.). A reference to Johnson's _Dictionary_ proves that civilians were misled as early as the time of Dryden by the mere sound of a technical military phrase; and, in process of time, even military men forgot the true meaning of the words. It grieves me to sap the foundations of an error to which we are indebted for Byron's beautiful line:

'The full of hope, misnamed _forlorn_.'"

W. R. WILDE.

Dublin.

* * * * *

TIECK'S "COMOEDIA DIVINA."

(Vol. viii., p. 126.)

The title-page of this work is: _Comoedia Divina, mit drei Vorreden von Peter Hammer, Jean Paul, und dem Herausgeber_, 1808. The absence of publisher's name and place of publication leaves little doubt that the name W. G. H. Gotthardt, and the date "Basel, Mai 1, 1808," are both fictitious.

But for finding the passage cited by M. M. E. at p. 38., I should have supposed that the Munich critic had referred to some other book with the same title. No one who has read this can suppose it was written by Tieck. The Catholic-romantic school, of which he was the most distinguished member, furnishes the chief objects of the author's ridicule. Novalis, Görres, and F. Schlegel are the most prominent; but at p. 128. is an absurd sonnet "an Tieck."

The _Comoedia Divina_ is a very clever and somewhat profane satire, such as Voltaire might have written had he been a German of the nineteenth century. It opens with Jupiter complaining to Mercury of ennui (_eine langweilige Existenz_), and that he is not what he was when young. Mercury advises a trip to Leipzig fair, where he may get good medical advice for his gout, and certainly will see something new. They go, and hear various dealers sing the catalogues of their goods. The lines quoted by M. M. E. are sung by a young man with a puppet-show and barrel-organ to the burden:

"Orgelum Orgelei, Dudeldum Dudeldei."

He exhibits things taken from the physics of Oken, the metaphysics of Schelling, and the æsthetics of Görres. The whole of the song is good; and I quote one stanza as showing a sound appreciation of the current metaphysicians:

"Die Intelligenz construirt sich in der Zeit Als Object, und erkennt sich, und das ist gescheidt, Denn aus diesen und andern Constructuren Entstehen Lehrbücher und Professuren."

They visit the garret of Herr Novalis Octavianus Hornwunder, a maker of books to order upon every subject: they learn the mysteries of the manufacture. The scene is clever, but much of the wit is unappreciable as directed against productions which have not survived. Jupiter, in compassion to Hornwunder, changes him to a goose, immediately after which a bookseller enters, and, mistaking the gods for authors, makes them an offer of six dollars and twelve groschen the octavo volume, besides something for the kitchen. Jupiter, enraged, changes him to a fox, which forthwith eats the goose "feathers and all."

They then go to see the play of the Fall of Man (_Der Sündenfall_). The subject is treated after the manner of Hans Sachs, but with this difference, that the simple-minded old Nuremberger saw nothing incongruous in making Cain and Abel say their catechism, and Cain go away from the examination to fight with the low boys in the street; whereas the author of _Der Sündenfall_ is advisedly irreverent. Another proof, if one were wanted, that he was not Tieck.

_Die Ungöttliche Comödie_ is not by Batornicki, but translated by him from the Polish. In the preface he apologises for inelegant German, as that is not his native language; and I presume he is a Pole, as he says the author's name is known among us (_unter uns_). As he calls it a poem (_Dichtung_) the original is probably in verse. I think the Munich critic could have seen only some extracts from the _Comoedia Divina_; for, so far from Batornicki "plundering freely," I do not find any resemblance between the works except in the sole word _comoedia_. The _Comoedia Divina_ is a mockery, not political, but literary, and as such anti-mystic and conservative. _Die Ungöttliche Comödie_ is wild, mystical, supernatural, republican, and communistic. It contains passages of great power, eloquence, and pathos. German critics are often prosy and inefficient, but not given to wilful misrepresentation or carelessness in examining the books they review. The writer in the Munich journal must be held an exception.

H. B. C.

U. U. Club.

* * * * *

{571}

LIVERIES WORN BY GENTLEMEN.

(Vol. vi., p. 146.; Vol. viii., p. 473.)

The prevalence of the custom of the liveries of noble and other persons being worn by others than the retainers of the family, in the reigns of Henry VI. and Elizabeth, is exemplified by two documents preserved amongst the MSS. of the corporation of this borough. The first, which is also curious as a specimen of the language of the period, is an award under the seal of Margaret of Anjou; under whom, as they had previously done under Katherine, queen of Henry V., the corporation farmed the bailiwick of the town:

"Margaret, by the grace of God, Quene of England and of Ffraunce and Lady of Irland, Doughter of the Kyng of Sicile and Jer[=l][=m]. Be it knawen to all men to whom this p'sent writyng (endented) shall come, that whereas a certeyn Co[=m]ission of my fuldoutfull Lord was directed to c'teyn [p=]sones to enquere as well of yevyng of lyu'e, as of other diu's articles ... before the Co[=m]issioners of the seyd Co[=m]ission it was p'sented by William Neuby and other of our te[=n][=n]tz of Leycestre ... that c'teyn [p=]sones, in Leycestre, had taken clothyng of diu'rez p'sones, ayenst the forme of the statut; that ys to wete, that some of hem had taken clothyng of the Viscount Beaumont, and some of S^r Edward Grey, Lord Fferrers of Growby, and some of hem had taken clothyng of other diu'res [p=]sones, by cause of which p'sentement diu'res [p=]sones, some of the houshold of the seyd Lord Fferrers, and some of the clothing of the said Lord, with other wele wilners to the said Lord, as yet not to us knawen, by supportacon and favour, and for pleasance to the said Lord, as we ben enfo'med ... betyn and sore woundetyn the said William Neuby, and manesten to bete other of our te[=n][=n]tz of Leycestre." ... She doth therefore "ordeyn, deme, and awarde" that the said Lord Ferrers pay c. marks to William Neuby, that he "be goode lorde to the said William Neuby; and to all other te[=n][=n]tz in our lordship of Leycestre; and that the said lord shall not geve any clothyng or liue'y to any [p=]sone dwellyng within our said lordship," &c.... "Yeven the xx day of May, the yere of the reign of my most douted Lord Kyng Henr' the Sext, xxvii."

The above extracts show one of the evils to which the practice led; another, mentioned in the deed, was that of deerstealing. William Newby was mayor of the town in 1425, 1433, and 1444-5.

The second document is a curious letter from the mayor and some members of the corporation to George Earl of Huntington, lord-lieutenant of the county, and a frequent resident in the town, where a part of his mansion, called "Lord's Place," and in which James I. was entertained, still exists. The draft of this letter forms part of an interesting series of correspondence between the corporation and the earl, respecting the nomination of the parliamentary representatives of the town in 1601.

The earl recommended that Mr. (afterwards Sir) William Herrick and Mr. Bromley should be chosen, and in strong language warned them against electing Mr. George Belgrave of Belgrave (who had greatly offended him), as he hears "that Belgrave still contineweth his great practising in labouring to be chosen;" and he adds, "Goode Mr. Mayor, be carefull of this, as you and the rest will looke to make accompt of me."

It appears that many members of the corporation were secretly favourable to Mr. Belgrave, and he was elected, as explained in the following letter:

"Right Ho^e, oure humble dewties remeberd, &c., may yt please yo^r good Lpp. to be c'tified, that upon Tuesday morninge laste, being assembled for the choice of o^r Burgesses, Mr. George Belgrave p'sented himselfe amongest us, in a blewe coat w^{th} a bull head, affirminge and protestinge he was yo^r L[=p]'s s'[=v]t, and that S^r Henrie Harrington, verye late the night before, had obteyned that favour of yo^r ho^r in his behalfe; and muche bemoned his former undewtifull cariage towards yo^r L[=p], w^{th} a remorsive remembrance of many most ho. favours receaved from yo^r L[=p] and yo^r house, towards his auncestors, him, and his; and, recommendinge his former suite to be one of oure Burgesses, being demanded whether he had any letter from yo^r L[=p], answered, that this (poyntinge at his coat and cognizance) he hoped was a sufficient testimonie of y^r L[=p]'s favour towards him, and of his submission towards yo^r ho^r; and further, that it was so late before S^r Henrie cold [p=]cure yo^r L[=p]'s said favour, as that you cold not well write, and, for the truth of the [p=]mises, he offered his corporal oathe. Whereupon we, thinkinge all this to be true, made choyce of him, w^{th} Mr. Will[=m] Herricke, to be o^r Burgesses. And now, this evening, wee are credibly certified that y^r L[=p] hath geven him no suche entertaynem^t; and thus by his said lewde and most dishonest dealinge, being much abused, we thought it o^r dewties forthew^{th} to signifie the same unto yo^r L[=p], humbly cravinge yo^r L[=p]'s most ho^rable favor for some reformacon of this vile practize. And thus, w^{th} remembrance of oure dewties, wee humbly take o^r leaves. From Leic^r, this xx^{th} day of October, 1601.

"Youre honor's most humble to co[=m]aunde, Signed by "Will[=m] ROWES, Maior, ROBERT HEYRICKE," And ten others.

An angry and characteristic reply from the earl follows, but with which, as it is printed in Thompson's _History of Leicester_ (p. 318.), I will not trespass upon your valuable space. It may be sufficient to say, that he tells the mayor that--

"Notwithstanding this treacherous devise of that cunninge practisore, I feare it will appeare, upon due scanninge of this accydent, y^t there remaynes a false brother amongst you.... And as for y^e p'sone hymself whoe hathe thus shameleslye sought to dishonoure me and deceave you, I will, by the grace of God, take suche order as in honor and lawfullye I maye, bothe {572} for y^e better unfouldinge of this, as also for suche punnyshm^t as the law will inflict."

In pursuance of this determination, the earl exhibited an information against Mr. Belgrave in the Star Chamber. The subsequent proceedings which took place on the subject in parliament will be found noticed in D'Ewes's _Journal_, and quoted in Thompson's _History of Leicester_, pp. 319-323.

WILLIAM KELLY.

Leicester.

* * * * *

PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.

_Queries on Dr. Diamond's Calotype Process._--Would you kindly ask DR. DIAMOND, to whom I should imagine all of us are more or less indebted, the following questions respecting the very valuable paper on the calotype in the last _Photographic Journal_?

1. As to the white spots which make their appearance in developing, on Turner's paper especially, and which he says are owing to minute pieces of metal in the paper, what is the best way of hiding them in the negative, so that they may as little as possible injure the positive? I have suffered sadly from this cause; and have tried to stop them with ammonio-nitrate, which turns after a time to red, and stops the light effectually; but I should prefer some black colouring the strength of which one could measure by seeing its immediate effect.

2. And again, when one has black spots, what is the best means of lessening their intensity, if not of wholly removing them?

[Greek: Phôtographos.]

[Where light spots occur in a negative, DR. DIAMOND recommends, as the most effectual mode of stopping them, a little gamboge neatly applied with a camel-hair pencil. Where a great intensity is desired, Indian ink may be applied in the same manner, taking care in both cases to smooth off the edges with a dry brush. The cyanide of potassium applied in the same way, but _with very great care_, will remove the black spots. Before it appears to have quite accomplished its object, a negative should be immersed in water, as its action is so energetic.]

_Albumenized Paper._--I have followed DR. DIAMOND'S directions for albumenizing paper (thin Canson negative) as accurately as I can, but I cannot prevent the albumen in drying, when pinned up, from forming into waves or streaks. This will be best understood from a specimen of a sheet which I inclose, and I shall be much obliged if you can tell me how this can be avoided. Some albumenized paper which I have purchased is quite free from this defect, but being at a distance from London, it is both convenient and economical to prepare my own paper.

C. E. F.

[We would recommend our correspondent to remove his paper from the albumen still more slowly; and to take care not to draw it along, but so to lift it that the last corner is not moved until it is raised from the albumen. In pinning up be careful that the paper takes the inward curl, otherwise the appearances exhibited will be almost sure to take place. As the albumenizing liquid is of very trifling cost, we recommend the use of two dishes, as by that means a great economy of time is obtained.]

* * * * *

Replies to Minor Queries.

_Marcarnes_ (Vol. viii., p. 365.).--Can this curiously sounding name be an archaic form of Mackarness, a name, I think, still borne by living persons?

FRANCIS JOHN SCOTT.

Tewkesbury.

_X on Brewers' Casks_ (Vol. viii., p. 439.).--Your correspondent B. H. C., though ingenious, is in error. The X on brewers' casks originated in the fact, that beer above a certain strength paid 10_s_. duty; and the X became a mark to denote beer of that better quality. The doubling and tripling of the X are nothing but inventions of the brewers to humbug the public.

[Hebrew: B]. [Hebrew: D].

_No Sparrows at Lindham_ (Vol. vii., p. 233.).--Amongst the various responses in connexion with the Queries given on the page above noted, communicated direct, the only one which I have thought worthy of insertion in my MSS. is as follows:

"As for there being no sparrows at Lindham, it may be accounted for in the following legend:--A few years ago I was in that district when I heard some account of a person called 'Tom of Lindham;' who, by the way, was a curious personage, and performed some very extraordinary and out-of-the-way feats. At one time he was left at home to protect the corn from the _sparrows_; when, _to save trouble_, he got all of them into the barn, and put a _harrow_ into the window to keep them in; and so _starved_ (_i. e._ hungered) them to death."

Furthermore Mr. Whittaker kindly communicated of the above Yorkshire worthy:

"At the close of Tom's life he took it into his head to make a road across a part of Hatfield Chase to his own dwelling; when, according to the legend, he employed supernatural aid: with this clause in the contract, that he, Tom, should not inquire any particulars as to the character of his assistants or helpmates. One day, however, being more curious than prudent, he looked behind him; his workmen immediately disappeared, and Tom of Lindham was no more heard of. His road still remains in the state he left it."

M. AISLABIE DENHAM.

Piersebridge, near Darlington, Durham.

_Theobald le Botiller_ (Vol. viii., p. 366.).--Theobald le Botiller was an infant at his father's death, 1206. He had livery in 1222; and in 9 Hen. III., {573} 1225, married Rohesia or Rose de Verdun, not _Vernon_. She was so great an heiress that she retained her own name, and her posterity also bore it. She founded the Abbey of Grâce Dieu, Leicestershire, in 1239; and died 1247-8. Her husband died in 1230, leaving two sons: John de Verdun, who inherited, and Nicholas, who died in Ireland without issue; and one daughter Maud, who married John FitzAlan, Earl of Arundel.

WALTER DEVEREUX.

Hampton Court Palace.

_Vault at Richmond, Yorkshire_ (Vol. viii., p. 388.).--Touching the "vault," or underground passage, "that goeth under the river" of Swale, from the Castle of Richmond to the priory of St. Martin, every tradition, _i. e._ as to its whereabouts, is, I believe, now wholly lost.

Your Querist, however, who seems to feel an interest in that beautiful and romantic portion of the _north countrie_, will perhaps welcome the following mythe, which is connected, it is possible, with the identical _vault_ which is depictured by Speed in his _Plan of Richmond_. It was taken down from the lips of a great-grand-dame by one of her descendants, _both of whom are still living_, for the gratification of your present correspondent, who, like Luther,

"Would not for any quantity of gold part with the wonderful tales which he has retained from his earliest childhood, or met with in his progress through life."

But to my legend:

Once upon a time a man, walking round Richmond Castle, was accosted by another, who took him into a _vennel_, or underground passage, below the castle; where he beheld a vast multitude of people lying as if they were sleeping. A _horn_ and a _sword_ were presented to him: the horn to blow, and the sword to draw; in order, as said his guide, to release them from their slumbers. And when he had drawn the sword half out, the sleepers began to move; which frightened him so much, that he put it back into the sheath: when instantly a voice exclaimed,

"Potter! _Potter Thompson!_ If thou had either drawn The _sword_, or blown the _horn_, Thou had been the luckiest man that ever was born."

So ends the Legend of the Richmond Sleepers and Potter Thompson; which, mayhap, is scarcely worth preserving, were it not that it has preserved and handed down the characteristic, or rather trade, cognomen and surname of its timorous at least, if not cowardly, hero.

M. AISLABIE DENHAM.

Piersebridge, near Darlington, Durham.

_Lord Audley's Attendants at Poictiers_ (Vol. viii., p. 494.).--A notice of the arguments in opposition to the statement, rested mainly on the grant of arms by John Touchet, Lord Audley, to the descendant of Sir James de Mackworth, in consideration of his having been one of these esquires, occurs in Blore's _Rutland_, p. 130. and p. 224. And it appears to be satisfactorily shown by the grant itself, that it was not made on account of the services of Sir James.

J. P. Jun.

_Portraits at Brickwall House_ (Vol. vii., p. 406.).--Immerzeel says, in his _Levens der Kunstschilders_ (_Lives of the Painters_), vol. iii. pp. 238, 239.:

"Thomas van der Wilt, born at Piershil in the district of Putten, was a disciple of Verkolje at Delft, where he also settled. He painted portraits, domestic scenes, &c., which were not free from stiffness. He also engraved in mezzotinto after Brouwer, Schalken, and others. His drawings were engraved by his son William, who died young."

He was living in 1701, and was probably grandson of a person of the same name who resided in 1622 at Soetermeer near Leyden, for in the register of the villages of Rhynland are found:

"Jan Thomas van der Wilt and Maritgen Pietersdr, his wife, with Thomas, Maritgen, Pieter, Cornelis, Grietge, Jannetge, and Ingethen, their children."

The portrait painted by Terburgh probably represents Andries de Graeff, who, in 1672, is called by Wagenaar, in his _Vaderlandsche Hist._ of that year (p. 82.), late burgomaster of Amsterdam. It is then necessary to ascertain whether this late burgomaster died in 1674. The family de Graeff also resided at Delft, where several of its members became magistrates.

ELSEVIR.

The portrait of the old gentleman is, in my opinion, doubtless that of Andries de Graeff, who was elected burgomaster of Amsterdam in 1660, and filled the office several times afterwards, although after the year 1670 his name no more appears on the list of burgomasters, which can very well agree with the date of death (1674) on the portrait.--From the _Navorscher_.

A. J. VAN DER AA.

Gorinchem.

_The Words "Mob" and "Cash"_ (Vol. viii., pp. 386. 524.).--CLERICUS RUSTICUS will find the origin and first introduction of the word _mob_ fully stated in Trench's _Lectures on the Study of Words_ (p. 124. fourth ed.). In addition to the quotations there made, CLERICUS RUSTICUS may refer to Dryden's preface to _Cleomenes_ (1692), to the 230th number of _The Tatler_, written by Swift (an. 1710), and to the Dean's _Introduction to Polite Conversation_.

_Cash._--What Lord Holland may have meant by a legitimate English word it is hard to say. Dr. Johnson derives it from the Fr. _caisse_ (or _casse_), which Cotgrave interprets "a box, a _case_, {574} or chest; also, a merchant's _cash_ or counter." Todd confirms the correctness of Johnson's etymology by a usage in Winwood's _Memorials_; where the Countess of Shrewsbury is said to have 20,000l. in her _cash_. And Richardson farther confirms it by a quotation from Sir W. Temple; and one from Sherwood, who explains _cashier_, "Qui garde le _casse_ de l'argent de merchand;" and a merchant's _cash_, "_casse_ de merchand."

Q.

Bloomsbury.

_English Clergyman in Spain_ (Vol. viii., p. 410.).--The clergyman was perhaps attached to the army of England in Spain, in the capacity of chaplain. I recommend a search for the record of his licence, which will very probably recite his appointment; and this record is most likely to be found with the proper officer of the diocese of London, in Doctors' Commons. I have seen one extraordinary discovery of information of the kind now sought by D. Y., in this quarter; and D. Y. will probably be so kind as to note his success in "N. & Q.," if he obtains his information here or elsewhere.

E.

_The Cid_ (Vol. viii., p. 367.).--I find in the catalogue of my library, the greatest part of which was destroyed by fire in 1849, amongst other books relating to _The Cid_, the following:

"Romancero, e Historia del muy valeroso Cavallero el Cid Ruy Diaz de Bivar, en lenguaje antiguo, recopilado por Juan de Escobar. En esta ultima impression van añadidos muchos romances, que hasta aora no han sido impressos, ni divulgados, 12mo. con licençia. En Pamplona, por Martin de Zavala, año 1706."

"Romancero e Historia del mui valeroso Cabellero el Cid Rui-diaz de Vibar, en lenguage antiguo, recopilado por Juan de Escobar, neuva edicion, reformada sobre las antiguas, añadida e illustrada con varias notas y composiciones del mismo tiempo y asunto para su mas facil intelligencia, y adornada con un epitome de la Historia verdadera del Cid. Por D. Vicente Gonçales del Reguero. 12mo. con licencia, Madrid, Imprenta de Cano, 1818."

In Thorpe's _Catalogue_, 1841, No. 1355, is an edition, 12mo., Segovia, 1629.

JOHN ADAMSON.

_Exterior Stoups_ (Vol. v., p. 560.; Vol. vi., pp. 18. 86. 160. 345. 497. 591., &c.).--Having introduced this subject to "N. & Q.," you will perhaps allow me to return to it, by adding to the list of churches where exterior stoups may be seen, the names of Leigh and Shrawley, Worcestershire. A recent visit to these places made me aware of the existence of the stoups. That at Leigh is in a shattered condition, and is on the south side of the western doorway: it is now covered in by a porch of later date. That at Shrawley is on the eastern side of the south door, and is hollowed out within the top of a short column. Shrawley Church possesses many points of interest for the antiquary: among which may be mentioned, a Norman window pierced through one of the buttresses of the chancel. Among the noticeable things at Leigh Church is a rude sculpture of the Saviour placed exteriorly over the north door of the nave, in a recess, with semicircular heading and Norman pillars. The rector is gradually restoring this fine church.

CUTHBERT BEDE, B.A.

_Green Jugs used by the Templars_ (Vol. viii., p. 171.)--In clearing out the ground for the foundation of Raymond Buildings in Gray's Inn, about thirty years since, two earthen green jugs were dug up, which are preserved by the benchers as a memento of "the olden times."

They will hold very little more than half a pint of liquor, are tall and of good proportions, but so small at the top as almost to preclude their being used to drink out of, and having a lip it is surmised that they held the portion assigned to each student, who was also supplied with a drinking horn.

I have seen a jug of the same description in the possession of a gentleman in Lincoln's Inn, which he informed me was brought to light in excavating for the new hall. It is therefore probable that all the inns of court were accustomed to provide jugs of the same description.

F. WHITMARSH.

_"Peccavi," I have Scinde_ (Vol. viii, p. 490.).--Your correspondent MR. G. LLOYD, who says he does "not know on what authority" it is stated that "the old and lamented warrior, Sir Charles Napier, wrote on the conquest of Scinde, _Peccavi_!" is informed that the sole author of the despatch was _Mr. Punch_.

CUTHBERT BEDE, B.A.

In a note touching these well-known words, MR. G. LLOYD says, "It is also stated, I do not know on what authority, that the old and lamented warrior, Sir Charles Napier, wrote on the conquest of Scinde, _Peccavi_!" The author of _Democritus in London, with the Mad Pranks and Comical Conceits of Motley and Robin Good-Fellow_, thus alludes to this saying in that work. I presume he had good authority for so doing:

_Sir P_. "What exclaim'd the gallant Napier, Proudly flourishing his rapier! To the army and the navy, When he conquer'd Scinde? '_Peccavi!_'"

A SUBSCRIBER.

_Raffaelle's Sposalizio_ (Vol. vii., p. 595.; Vol. viii., p. 61.).--The reason why the ring is placed on {575} the third finger of the right hand of the Blessed Virgin in Raffaelle's "Sposalizio" at Milan, and in Ghirlandais's frescoe of the same subject in the Santa Croce at Florence, is to be found in the fact that the right hand has always been considered the hand of power or dignity, and the left hand of inferiority or subjection. A married woman always wears her ring on the third finger of the left hand to signify her subjection to her husband. But it has been customary among artists to represent the Blessed Virgin with the ring on the right hand, to signify her superiority to St. Joseph from her surpassing dignity of Mother of God. Still she is not always represented so, for in Beato Angelico's painting of the marriage of Mary and Joseph she receives the ring on her left hand. See woodcut in Mrs. Jameson's _Legends of Madonna_, p. 170. In the Marriage of the Blessed Virgin by Vanloo, in the Louvre, she also receives the ring on the left hand. Giotto, Taddeo Gaddi, Perugino, &c., have painted the "Sposalizio," but I have not copies by me to refer to.

CEYREP.

_Early Use of Tin._--_Derivation of the Name of Britain_ (Vol. viii., pp. 290. 344. 445.).--Your correspondent G. W. having been unable to inform DR. HINCKS who first suggested the derivation of _Britannia_ from _Baratanac_ or _Bratanac_, I have the pleasure to satisfy him on this point by referring him to Bochart's _Geographia Sacra_, lib. I. c. xxxix. In that great storehouse of historical information, the Memoirs of the Academy of Inscriptions and Belles-Lettres, there are some profound researches by Melot and others, in which may be found answers to all the Queries proposed by G. W.

The islands, rivers, mountains, cities, and remarkable places of Phoenician colonies, had even in the time of the habitation of the Greeks and Romans Phoenician names, which, according to the spirit of the ancient languages of the East, indicated clearly the properties of the places which bore those names. See instances in Bochart, _ubi supra_; Sammes's _Britannia Antiqua Illustrata, or the Antiquities of Ancient Britain derived from the Phoenicians_; and D'Hancarville's Preface to Hamilton's _Etruscan, &c. Antiquities_.

BIBLIOTHECAR. CHETHAM.

_Unpublished Epigram by Sir Walter Scott_ (Vol. vii., pp. 498. 576.).--The following extract is from the _Gentleman's Magazine_, March, 1824, p. 194.:

"Mr. J. Lawrence of Somers Town observes: 'In the summer of the year 1770 I was on a visit at Beaumont Hall on the coast of Essex, a few miles distant from Harwich. It was then the residence of Mr. Canham.... I was invited to ascend the attics in order to read some lines, imprinted by a cowboy of precocious intellect. I found these in handsome, neatly executed letters, printed and burnished with leaf-gold, on the wall of his sleeping-room. They were really golden verses, and may well be styled Pythagorean from their point, to wit:

'Earth goes upon the earth, glittering like gold; Earth goes to the earth sooner than 'twould; Earth built upon the earth castles and towers; Earth said to the Earth, All shall be ours.'

The curiosity of these lines so forcibly impressed them on my memory, that time has not been able to efface a tittle of them. _But from what source did the boy obtain them?_"

Permit me to repeat this Query?

J. R. M., M.A.

_Derivation of the Word "Humbug"_ (Vol. viii. _passim_).--Not being satisfied with any of the derivations of this word hitherto proposed in your pages, I beg to suggest that perhaps it may be traced to a famous dancing master who flourished about the time when the word first came into use. The following advertisement appeared in the _Dublin Freeman's Journal_ in Jan. 1777:

"_To the Nobility._

"As Monsieur Humbog does not intend for the future teaching abroad after 4 o'clock, he, at the request of his scholars, has opened an academy for young ladies of fashion to practise minuets and cotillions. He had his first assembly on Friday last, and intends continuing them every Friday during the winter. He does not admit any gentlemen, and his number of ladies is limited to 32; and as Mrs. Humbog is very conversant in the business of the Toilet Table, the ladies may depend on being properly accommodated. Mr. Humbog having been solicited by several gentlemen, he intends likewise to open an academy for them, and begs that those who chuse to become subscribers will be so good as to send him their addresses, that he may have the honour of waiting upon them to inform them of his terms and days. Mr. Humbog has an afternoon school three times a week for little ladies and gentlemen not exceeding 14 years of age. Terms of his school are one guinea per month and one guinea entrance. Any ladies who are desirous of knowing the terms of his academy may be informed by appointing Mr. Humbog to wait upon them, which he will do on the shortest notice. Capel St. 21 Jan. 1777."

OMICRON.

_Bees_ (Vol. viii., p. 440.).--In the midland counties the first migration of the season is _a swarm_, the second _a cast_, and the third _a spindle_.

ERICA.

_Topsy Turvy_ (Vol. viii., p. 385.).--I have always understood this to be a corruption of "Topside t'other way," and I still think so.

WM. HAZEL.

_Parish Clerks and Politics_ (Vol. viii., p. 56.).--In the excitement prevalent at the trial of Queen Caroline, I remember a choir, in a village not a hundred miles from Wallingford, Berks, singing {576} with great gusto the 1st, 4th, 11th, and 12th verses of 35th Psalm in Tate and Brady's New Version.

WM. HAZEL.

_Phantom Bells--"The Death Bell"_ (Vol. vii. passim).--I have never met, in any work on folk-lore and popular superstitions, any mention of that unearthly bell, whose sound is borne on the death-wind, and heralds his doom to the hearer. Mickle alludes to it in his fine ballad of "Cumnor Halle:"

"The _death-belle_ thrice was heard to ring, An aerial voice was heard to calle, And thrice the raven flapp'd its wing, Arounde the towers of Cumnor Halle."

And Rogers, in his lines "To an Old Oak:"

"There once the steel-clad knight reclined, His sable plumage tempest-tossed: And as the _death-bell_ smote the wind, From towers long fled by human kind, His brow the hero crossed."

When ships go down at sea during a terrible tempest, it is said the "death-bell" is often distinctly heard amid the storm-wind. And in tales of what is called Gothic superstition, it assists in the terrors of the supernatural.

Sir W. Scott perhaps alluded to the superstition in the lines:

"And the kelpie _rang_, And the sea-maid sang The dirge of lovely Rosabelle."

EIRIONNACH.

_Porter Family_ (Vol. viii., p. 364.).--Full particulars of the existing branch of this ancient family can be afforded by the Rev. Malcom Macdonald of South End, Essex, chaplain to Lady Tamar Sharpe, the aunt and guardian of the representatives of Sir R. K. Porter.

M. H. J.

Thavies Inn.

_The Mitred Abbot in Wroughton Church, Wilts_ (Vol. viii., p. 411.).--The figure was painted in fresco, not on a pillar, but on the spandril-space between two arches. The vestments, as far as I can make out, are an alb, a tunicle and a cope, and mitre. The hands do not appear to hold anything, and I see nothing to show it to represent a mitred abbot rather than a bishop. The colours of the cope and tunicle were red and green, the exterior of the cope and the tunicle being of one colour, the interior of the cope of the other. The figure was the only perfect one when I visited the church, and the rain was washing it out even as I sketched; but there had been one between every two arches, and there were traces of colour throughout the aisle, and the designs appeared to me unusually elegant. I believe my slight sketch to be all that now remains; and shall be glad to send a copy of it to your correspondent if he wishes for it, and will signify how I may convey it to him.

_Passage in Virgil_ (Vol. viii., p. 270.).--Is this the passage referred to by Doctor Johnson?

"Nunc scio, quid sit Amor: duris in cotibus illum Aut Tmarus, aut Rhodope, aut extremi Garamantes, Nec generis nostri puerum, nec sanguinis, edunt." Virgil: _Bucolica_, Ecl. viii. l. 43.

"The shepherd in Virgil grew at last acquainted with Love, and found him a native of the rocks." Dr. Johnson found his reward not in vain solicitations to patrons, but in the fruits of his literary labours.

The famous lines in Spenser's "Colin Clout's come home again,"[3] on the instability and hollowness of patronage, may occur to the reader:

"Full little knowest thou, that hast not tride, What hell it is in suing long to bide: To lose good days that might be better spent, To waste long nights in pensive discontent. To speed to-day, to be put back to-morrow, To feed on hope, to pine with fear and sorrow. To fret thy soul with crosses and with cares; To eat thy heart through comfortless despaires," &c.

F.

[Footnote 3: In Mother Hubberd's Tale.--ED.]

_Sir Anthony Fitzherbert, Chief Justice_ (Vol. viii., pp. 158. 276.).--In "A Letter to a Convocation Man," which was recently edited by a frequent contributor to your pages, the REV. W. FRASER, B.C.L., and is favourably mentioned by you, I find the following sentence, declaring that Sir Anthony Fitzherbert _was_ Chief Justice:

"I must admit that it is said in the second part of Rolle's _Abridgment_, that the Archbishop of Canterbury was prohibited to hold such assemblies by Fitzherbert, Chief Justice, because he had not the King's licence. But he adds that the Archbishop would not obey it; and he quotes Speed for it."--P. 38. of original pamphlet, and p. 36. of Mr. Fraser's reprint.

MR. FRASER merely refers to Sir Anthony Fitzherbert as being made judge of the Common Pleas in 1523, and does not enter into this question, which deserves investigation.

M. W. R.

"_To put a _spoke_ in his wheel_" (Vol. viii., pp. 269. 351.).--W. C.'s answer to G. K.'s inquiry is so very facetious, that I must confess I do not understand it.

As to the meaning of the expression, I think there can be no doubt. Ainsworth interpreted "Scrupulum injecisti mihi, spem meam remoratus es."

In Dutch, "Een spaak in t'wiel steeken," is "To traverse, thwart, or cross a design." See Sewel's _Woordenboek_.

The effect is similar to that of _spiking_ cannon. And it is not improbable that _spoke_, known by the {577} ignorant to form part of the wheel, has been by them corrupted from _spike_: and that the act is, driving a _spike_ into the nave, so as to prevent the wheel from turning on its axle.

Q.

Bloomsbury.

_Ballina Castle_ (Vol. viii., p. 411.).--O. L. R. G. inquires about Ballina Castle, Castlebar, and of the general history, descriptions, &c. of the co. Mayo. In the catalogue of my manuscript collections, prefixed to my _Annals of Boyle, or Early History of Ireland_ (upwards of 200 volumes), No. 37. purports to be "one volume 8vo., containing full compilations of records and events connected with the county of Mayo, with reference to the authorities," and it has special notices of Castlebar, Cong, Burrishoole, Kilgarvey, Lough Conn, &c., and notes of scenery and statistics. I offered in the year 1847 to publish a history of the county if I was indemnified, but I did not succeed in my application. I have, of course, very full notices of the records, &c. of Ballina, and the other leading localities of that interesting but too long neglected county, which I would gladly draw out and assign, as I would any other of my manuscript compilations, to any literary gentleman who would propose to prepare them for publication, or otherwise extract and report from them as may be sought.

JOHN D'ALTON.

48. Summer Hill, Dublin.

_Mardle_ (Vol. viii., p. 411.).--This is the correct spelling as fixed by Halliwell. I should propose to derive it from A.-S. _mathelian_, to speak, discourse, harangue; or A.-S. _methel_, discourse, speech, conversation. (Bosworth.) Forby gives this word only with the meaning "a large pond;" a sense confined to Suffolk. But his vocabulary of East Anglia is especially defective in East Norfolk words--an imperfection arising from his residence in the extreme west of that county.

E. G. R.

_Charles Diodati_ (Vol. viii., p. 295.).--MR. SINGER mentions that Dr. Fellowes and others have confounded Carlo Dati, Milton's Florentine friend, with Charles Diodati, a schoolfellow (St. Paul's, London) to whom he addresses an Italian sonnet and two Latin poems. Charles Diodati practised physic in Cheshire; died 1638. Was this young friend of Milton's a relative of Giovanni Diodati, who translated the Bible into Italian; born at Lucca about 1589; became a Protestant; died at Geneva, 1649?

MA. L.

_Longevity_ (Vol. viii., p. 442.).--MR. MURDOCH'S Query relative to Margaret Patten reminds me of a print exhibited in the Dublin Exhibition, which bore the following inscription:

"Mary Gore, born at Cottonwith in Yorkshire, A.D. 1582; lived upwards of one hundred years in Ireland, and died in Dublin, aged 145 years. This print was done from a picture _taken_ (the word is torn off) when she was an hundred and forty-three. Vanluych _pinxit_, T. Chambers _del._"

EIRIONNACH.

_"Now the fierce bear," &c._ (Vol. viii., p 440.).--The lines respecting which [Greek: th.] requests information are from Mr. Keble's _Christian Year_, in the poem for Monday in Whitsun Week. They are, however, misquoted, and should run thus

"Now the fierce bear and leopard keen Are perish'd as they ne'er had been, Oblivion is their home."

G. R. M.

* * * * *

Miscellaneous.

NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.

As long as poetry of the highest order is appreciated in England, Gray's _Elegy written in a Country Churchyard_ will never want readers to pore over its beauties, or artists ready to dedicate their talents to its illustration. Of the latter fact we have evidence in a new edition just issued by Mr. Cundall, which is illustrated on every page with engravings on wood from drawings by Birkett Foster, George Thomas, and a Lady. The artists have caught the spirit of the poet, and their fanciful creations have been transferred to the wood with the greatest delicacy by the engravers,--the result being a most tasteful little volume, which must take a foremost rank among the gift-books of the coming Christmas.

BOOKS RECEIVED.--_Smiths's Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, by various Writers_, Part VIII., which extends from the conclusion of the admirable article on _Etruria_ to _Germania_, and includes _Gallia Cisalpina_ and _Transalpina_, which scarcely required the initials (G. L.) to point out the accomplished scholar by whom they are written.--Darlings _Cyclopædia Bibliographica_: Parts XIV. and XV. extend from _O. M. Mitchell_ to _Platina or De Sacchi_. The value of this analytical, bibliographical, and biographical Library Manual will not be fully appreciable until the work is completed.--_The National Miscellany_, Vol. I. The first Volume of this magazine of General Literature is just issued in a handsome form, suitable to the typographical excellence for which this well-directed and well-conducted miscellany is remarkable.--_Remains of Pagan Saxondom, principally from Tumuli in England_, Part VIII.: containing Bronze Bucket, found at Cuddesden, Oxfordshire; and Fibula, found near Billesdon, Leicestershire. We would suggest to Mr. Akerman that the Bronze Bucket is scarcely an example of an object of archæological interest, which requires to be drawn of the size of the original, and coloured from it: and that the value of his useful work would be increased by his adhering to his original arrangement, by which the illustrative letter-press appeared in the same part with the engraving to which it referred.

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{578}

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PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS for 1683.

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AN EXAMINATION OF THE CHARTERS AND STATUTES OF TRINITY COLLEGE, DUBLIN (with the Postscript), by George Miller, D.D., F.T.C.D. Dublin, 1804.

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Notices to Correspondents.

W. H. M. W. _The Heralds' visitation for Wiltshire in 1622 will be found in the British Museum, Harl. MSS. 1165 and 1443. See too Sims's_ Indexes to Pedigrees, _&c._

RALPHO'S _communication should have been addressed to the writer, quoting the lines on which he comments_.

GAMMER GURTON'S _suggestion is a very good one; and we can promise that our Christmas Eve Number shall be rich in_ FOLK LORE.

G. S. M., _who desires information respecting the history of Newspapers, their progress and statistics, is referred to F. K. Hunt's_ Fourth Estate, a Contribution towards a History of Newspapers and of the Liberty of the Press, _2 vols. 8vo., London, 1850. Several articles on the subject will be found in our own columns_.

_If_ F. S. A. _applied to the proper authorities, we cannot doubt that the information he received is true_.

J. W. N. K. _We have referred the descriptions of the pictures to one of the very highest authorities in London, who is of opinion that if the marks on the back_ are genuine, _they are the marks of the owner, not of the artist_.

J. T. _The volume_ Remarques de Pierre Motteux sur Rabelais _is no doubt a translation of the notes which Motteux inserted in the English version, of which the first three books were translated by Urquhart, the other two by himself. This translation has, we think, been reprinted by Bohn_.

J. W. T. _The monastic work inquired after is noticed by another Correspondent at_ p. 569. _of the present Number_.

Dr. Diamond on the simplicity of the Calotype Process _is, on account of its length from the many additions made to it, unavoidably postponed until next week_.

T. L. (Islington). _The ingredients referred to are all used by Le Gray, the originator of the waxed-paper process. They are supposed not only to increase the sensitiveness of the paper, but to add to its keeping qualities. We have no doubt that a letter addressed to the College of Chemistry will find the gentleman to whom you refer._

D. G. (Liverpool). _It would be not only difficult but more expensive to prepare your own sulphuric ether; but we again assure that the best is to be procured at from 5s. to 6s. per pound, and wholesale at considerably less. You may satisfy yourself by a reference to our advertising columns._

F. H. D. _Albumenized paper will keep many days after it has been excited with a forty-grain solution of nitrate of silver. We have used Whatman's and Turner's papers twenty days old, and with perfectly satisfactory results. The thin Canson is of all others most disposed to brown; but it is preferable to all others in use from the richness of the tints produced and its rapidity of printing._

_Erratum._--Vol. viii, p. 546. l. 20. from bottom, for "burnishing" read "bruising."

"NOTES AND QUERIES" _is printed at noon on Friday, so that the Country Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels, and deliver them to their Subscribers on the Saturday_.

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_Directors._

H. E. Bicknell, Esq. | T. Grissell, Esq. T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq., M.P. | J. Hunt, Esq. G. H. Drew, Esq. | J. A. Lethbridge, Esq. W. Evans, Esq. | E. Lucas, Esq. W. Freeman, Esq. | J. Lys Seager, Esq. F. Fuller, Esq. | J. B. White, Esq. J. H. Goodhart, Esq. | J. Carter Wood, Esq.

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Now ready, price 10s. 6d., Second Edition, with material additions, INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE ON BENEFIT BUILDING SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land Investment, exemplified in the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies, &c. With a Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and Life Assurance. By ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3. Parliament Street, London.

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PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS, MATERIALS, and PURE CHEMICAL PREPARATIONS.

KNIGHT & SONS' Illustrated Catalogue, containing Description and Price of the best forms of Cameras and other Apparatus. Voightlander and Son's Lenses for Portraits and Views, together with the various Materials, and pure Chemical Preparations required in practising the Photographic Art. Forwarded free on receipt of Six Postage Stamps.

Instructions given in every branch of the Art.

An extensive Collection of Stereoscopic and other Photographic Specimens.

GEORGE KNIGHT & SONS, Foster Lane, London.

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IMPROVEMENT IN COLLODION.-J. B. HOCKIN & CO., Chemists, 289. Strand have, by an improved mode of Iodizing, succeeded in producing a Collodion equal, they may say superior, in sensitiveness and density of Negative, to any other hitherto published: without diminishing the keeping properties and appreciation of half tint for which their manufacture has been esteemed.

Apparatus, pure Chemicals, and all the requirements for the practice of Photography. Instruction in the Art.

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PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION.--An EXHIBITION of PICTURES, by the most celebrated French, Italian, and English photographers, embracing Views of the principal Countries and Cities of Europe, is now OPEN. Admission 6d. A Portrait taken by MR. TALBOT'S Patent Process, One Guinea: Three extra Copies for 10s.

PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION, 168. NEW BOND STREET.

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PHOTOGRAPHY.--HORNE CO'S Iodized Collection, for obtaining Instantaneous Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds, according to light.

Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the choicest Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their Establishment.

Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals &c. &c. used in this beautiful Art.--123. and 121. Newgate Street.

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PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS.--OTTEWILL'S REGISTERED DOUBLE-BODIED FOLDING CAMERA, is superior to every other form of Camera, for the Photographic Tourist, from its capability of Elongation or Contraction to any Focal Adjustment, its Portability, and its adaptation for taking either Views or Portraits.--The Trade Supplied.

Every Description of Camera or Slides, Tripod Stands, Printing Frames, &c., may be obtained at his MANUFACTORY, Charlotte Terrace, Barnsbury Road, Islington.

New Inventions, Models, &c., made to order or from Drawings.

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VIEWS IN LONDON.

STEREOSCOPES AND STEREOSCOPIC PICTURES.

BLAND & LONG, 153. FLEET STREET, OPTICIANS and PHILOSOPHICAL INSTRUMENT MAKERS, invite attention to their Stock of STEREOSCOPES of all Kinds, and in various Materials; also, to their New and Extensive Assortment of STEREOSCOPIC PICTURES for the same, in DAUGUERREOTYPE, on PAPER, and TRANSPARENT ALBUMEN PICTURES on GLASS, including Views of London, Paris, the Rhine, Windsor, &c. These Pictures, for minuteness of Detail and Truth in the Representation of Natural Objects, are unrivalled.

BLAND & LONG, Opticians, 153. Fleet Street. London.

*** "Familiar Explanation of the Phenomena" sent on Application.

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ALLEN'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, containing Size, Price, and Description of upwards of 100 articles consisting of PORTMANTEAUS, TRAVELLING-BAGS, Ladies' Portmanteaus, DESPATCH-BOXES, WRITING-DESKS, DRESSING-CASES, and other travelling requisites, Gratis on application, or sent free by Post on receipt of Two Stamps.

MESSRS. ALLEN'S registered Despatch-box and Writing-desk, their Travelling-bag with the opening as large as the bag, and the new Portmanteau containing four compartments, are undoubtedly the best articles of the kind ever produced.

J. W. & T. ALLEN. 18. & 22. West Strand.

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AMUSEMENT FOR LONG EVENINGS, by means of STATHAM'S Chemical Cabinets and Portable Laboratories, 5s. 6d., 7s. 6d., 10s. 6d., 21s., 31s. 6d., 42s.__, 63s., and upwards. Book of Experiments, 6d. "Illustrated Descriptive Catalogue" forwarded Free for Stamp.

WILLIAM E. STATHAM, Operative Chemist, 29c. Rotherfield Street. Islington, London, and of Chemists and Opticians everywhere.

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{580}

SECOND AND ENLARGED EDITION OF DR. PEILE'S ANNOTATIONS ON THE ROMANS.

Now ready, in 8vo., price 7s. 6d., a Second and enlarged Edition of

ANNOTATIONS ON ST. PAUL'S EPISTLE to the ROMANS. By THOMAS WILLIAMSON PEILE, D.D., Head Master of Repton School; and formerly Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge.

RIVINGTONS, Waterloo Place.

THE ANNOTATIONS ON THE CORINTHIANS may be had now in One Volume, price 7s. 6d.

Also a Separate Edition of ANNOTATIONS on the HEBREWS. Price 4s. 6d.

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ARNOLD'S (REV. T. K.) PRACTICAL INTRODUCTION TO GREEK PROSE COMPOSITION,