part ii. p. 710., not cited by MR. BOASE in his Query, is twenty. MR. BOASE

is probably aware that the sixteen tiles from the Great Guard Chamber at Caen, which supplied the subject of Mr. J. Major Henniker's memoir, were presented by him to the Society of Antiquaries of London, and are now in their museum, as noticed in the catalogue, compiled by myself, p. 30.

A coloured drawing of an heraldic pavement at Caen, taken about 1700, is preserved in a volume of the great collection formed by M. de Gaignieres, and bequeathed by Gough to the Bodleian Library. It comprises chiefly drawings of French sepulchral monuments, arranged by localities; and there is one volume, entitled _Recueil de Tapisseries, d'Armoiries et de Devises_, in which may be found the interesting memorial of this decorative pavement of tiles, which was destroyed during the fury of the Revolution.

ALBERT WAY.

Charles Chadwick, Esq., of Healy Hall, Lancashire, and Mavesyn-Ridware, in the county of Stafford, to whom the monks of St. Stephen, at Caen, presented, in the year 1786, a series of encaustic tiles with heraldic devices taken from the floor of the (so called) "Great Guard Chamber of the Palace of the Dukes of Normandy," died in 1829. I infer that the tiles were brought to the Lancashire residence of Mr. Chadwick because the description and the drawing for the engraving were both supplied to the _Gentleman's Magazine_ by a Lancashire antiquary, Thomas Barnett, of Hydes Cross, Manchester: but as the descendants of Mr. Chadwick no longer reside in Lancashire, the hall being occupied by a woollen manufacturer, I have been unable to obtain any information respecting the tiles, though long desirous to do so.

I direct attention to another series of the same tiles, sixteen in number, which were presented to the Society of Antiquaries through the president, the Earl of Leicester, in 1788, by John Henniker, Esq., M.A., F.R.S., S.A., and M.P., who afterwards took the additional name of Major. This gentleman received the tiles from his brother, Captain Henniker, then resident at Caen; and in 1794 he published an interesting account of them with engravings, entitled _Two Letters on the Origin, Antiquity, and History of Norman Tiles stained with Armorial Bearings_ (London, John Bell, Strand). The engravings both in this volume and in the _Gentleman's Magazine_ are indifferently executed, and too small in scale to be of use. Mr. Henniker describes the colours of his tiles to be "yellow and brown," while Mr. Barnett states that the tiles in Mr. Chadwick's possession were "light grey and black;" a curious discrepancy, seeing that in all other respects they were exactly similar. These tiles are of so much heraldic and antiquarian interest that if either set could be made available for the purpose, it is very desirable that they be engraved of full size, and printed by the modern easy process to imitate the colours.

GILBERT J. FRENCH.

* * * * *

{548}

MOTTOS OF THE EMPERORS OF GERMANY.

(Vol. viii., p. 170.)

With your permission I shall enlarge the list of mottos of the German emperors, as well by commencing with the Germano-Frankish era as by supplying those omitted in the series given by MR. JOSHUA G. FITCH. My authorities are Reusneri _Symbola Imperatoria tribus classibus Caes. Rom. Italic., C. R. Graecorum, C. R. Germanico_; and Sadeler, _Symbola divina et humana Pontificum, Imperatorum, Regum_, &c.:

Caroli Magni. 752. _Christus regnat, vincit, triumphat._

Ludovici Pii. 814. _Omnium rerum vicissitudo._

Lotharii I. 840. _Ubi mel, ibi fel._

Ludovici II. 855. _Par sit fortuna labori._

Caroli II. (Calvi.) 875. _Justitiam injustitia parit._

Caroli III. (Crassi.) 881. _Os garrulum intricat omnia._

Arnulphi. 888. _Facilis descensus Averni._

Ludovici III. 899. _Multorum manus, paucorum consilium._

Othonis Magni. _Aut mors aut vita decora._

Othonis III. _Unita virtus valet._

Henrici II. (Claudi.) _Ne quid nimis._

Friderici I. (AEnobarbi.) _Aliud. Qui nescit dissimulare nescit imperare._

Friderici II. _Minarum strepitus, asinorum crepitus._ The following is the correct reading of the words given in Vol. viii., p. 170.: _Cumplurium triariorum ego strepitum audivi._

Adolphi. _Animus est qui divites facit._

Alberti I. _Aliud. Quod optimum idem jucundissimum._

Henrici VII. _Aliud. Fide et consilio._

Ludovici IV. _Sola bona quae honesta._ _Aliud. Deo et Caesari._[4]

Caroli IV. _Optimum aliena insania frui._ _Aliud. Nullius pavet occursum._

Wenceslai. _Morosophi moriones pessimi._ _Aliud. Tempestati parendum._

Sigismundi. _Aliud. Sic cedunt munera fatis._

Alberti II. _Aliud. Fugam victoria nescit._

Friderici III. _Rerum irrecuperabilium foelix oblivio._ _Aliud. A. E. I. O. U._

That these vowels are supposed to signify "Austriae est imperare orbi universo" has already been communicated in "N. & Q." Reusner has given then another interpretation "Aquila electa iuste vincit omnia."

"Aliud. Hic regit, ille tuetur. Leges et arma in promptu habes, illae regunt, haec tuentur imperium. A Justiniano habet," &c.--Sadeler, p. 43.

Maximiliani I. _Aliud. In manu Dei Regis est [cor]._ _Aliud. Per tot discrimina._

Caroli V. _Aliud. Nondum in auge [Sol]._ _Aliud. Fundatori quietis [laurea]._

Ferdinandi. _Fiat justitia aut pereat mundus._ _Aliud. A. I. P. Q. N. S. I. A._

"Accidit in puncto quod non speratur in anno; Temporis in puncto qui sapit, ille sapit."

Maximiliani II. _Comminuam vel extinguam._ (_Puta semiplenam Turcarum lunulam._)

Rudolphi II. _Aliud. Ex voluntate Dei omnia._ _Aliud. Sic ad astra._ _Aliud. Tu ne cede malis._

In Reusner's work the mottos are accompanied by copious and erudite comments; and in Sadeler's by engravings also; the devices or achievements of distinguished men, denominated in the Italian language _Imprese_, and in the Latin _Symbola Heroica_.

BIBLIOTHECAR. CHETHAM.

[Footnote 4: "Symbolum [aquila solem contra tuens] quo jam se non tantum adversario opponit sed cum Deo parum modeste ponit. Est quidem aquila Jovi sacra ut ad fabulas rem revolvamus. Sed absit mihi omnis cum Deo comparatio."--Sadeler, p. 39.]

* * * * *

PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.

_Simplicity of Calotype Process._--The session of the Photographic Society was commenced with a paper from our original correspondent, DR. DIAMOND, under the above title. Our journal having led to such facilities of question and answer, has induced many of our readers to ask upon several points additional instructions, some of which we have ourselves thought might have been made more clear and having written to DR. DIAMOND he has promised us a revised copy for our next Number. Replying to some of our Querists, he says, "The plain photographic facts are correct; but I wrote the paper on the morning of the day on which the Society met, and was not aware it was to be printed in the _Journal_ until I received my copy."

_Albumenized Paper._--As my only object writing on this subject was to communicate to others the plan which _I_ had found _in practice_ most successful, I think it necessary to correct some points of misapprehension which it is evident your correspondent K. N. M. has fallen into, Vol. viii., p. 501.

In the process I recommended, the paper, if cockled up, readily becomes flat and even if kept in a portfolio or any similar receptacle; and as I _never float_ my paper to sensitize it, I have not the inconvenience of the silver solution becoming spoiled by particles of the albumen. The 100 grains to the ounce for the solution I do not find more extravagant when applied, as I have indicated, with a glass rod, than one of 30 grains to the ounce when the paper is floated, because in the former case I use only just enough to cover the paper, viz. forty-five minims to a half-sheet of {549} Canson's paper, and there is no loss from any portion adhering to the dishes, evaporation, or filtering. This is far more than would be imagined when only a sheet or two of paper is required at one time. Lastly, with regard to the _strokes_ being visible after printing the positive, I do not find them so in general, though occasionally such a thing does happen when sufficient care has not been taken in the preparation; but I find striae quite as visible on two positives prepared by DR. DIAMOND himself, which he kindly gave me: however, I will forward a sample of my paper for your judgment, and also a portion for K. N. M. if he will take the trouble of trying the same.

GEO. SHADBOLT.

_New Developing Mixture._--Having for some months past used the following developing mixture, and finding it very bright and easily applied, I beg to offer it to your notice. It does not cost more than three farthings per ounce, and therefore may be worth the consideration of beginners. I do not know a better where the metallic appearance is not desired.

No. 1. Pyrogallic acid 2 grains. Glacial acetic acid 1 drachm. Water 1 oz.

No. 2. Protosulphate of iron 10 grains. Nitric acid 2 drops. Water 1 oz.

To six drachms of No. 2. add two of No. 1.

I pour it on, but do not return it to the bottle, as it is apt to spoil if so used.

T. L. MERRITT.

_Queries on the Albumenized Process._--Allow me to put a few questions through your valued paper.

In the albumen process on glass, Messrs. Ross and Thomson, in Thornthwaite's _Guide_, recommend 10 drops of sat. solution of iodized potassa to each egg. Now is it meant _ten drops_, or _ten minims_? If the former, a drop varies with the bottle and quantity of liquid in it; and ten drops are nearly half the bulk of ten minims, generally speaking. Then as to the egg: an egg in this country is only at most 6 [drachm]; in England an egg appears twice as large.--Could you state the general bulk of an egg in England, and to what quantity by bulk or weight of albumen the 10 drops or minims are to be applied? When I say an egg is only 6 [drachm], I mean the white of one.

A SUBSCRIBER.

Bombay.

* * * * *

Replies to Minor Queries.

_Poems in connection with Waterloo_ (Vol. vii., p. 6.).--A correspondent of the _Naval and Military Gazette_ of November 19, 1853, signing himself "M.A., Pem. Coll., Oxford," has pointed out an error into which I had fallen "respecting the elm-trees at and connected with Waterloo."

I certainly was given to understand, when I received the monody, that it was written by the public orator on the death of his son _who fell at Waterloo_: whereas it clearly appears by the obituary in the _Gentleman's Magazine_, that _Ensign William Crowe_, first battalion, 4th foot, _son of the public orator_ at Oxford, _was killed at the attack_ upon New Orleans Jan. 8, 1815.

I hasten to acknowledge my mistake, though I am glad that the two copies of verses found place in your columns.

BRAYBROOKE.

_Richard Oswald_ (Vol. viii., p. 442.)--Your Querist will find many letters to and from him in Franklin's _Memoirs_. He was for some years a merchant in the city of London. In 1759 he purchased the estate of Auchincruive, in the county of Ayr, and died there in 1783. No memoir of him has ever been published. He was for many years an intimate friend of Lord Shelbourne, who sent him to Paris in 1782, and again in 1783, to negotiate with Franklin, with whom he had been for some time acquainted. During the Seven Years' War he acted as commissary-general to the allied armies under the Duke of Brunswick, who said of him in the official despatches, that "England had sent him commissaries fit to be generals, and generals not fit to be commissaries."

J. H. E.

_Grammont's Marriage_ (Vol. viii., p. 461.).--In one of the notes to Grammont, originally, I believe, introduced by Sir W. Scott in his edition, but which appears at p. 415. of Bohn's reprint, we are told on the authority of the _Biographia Gallica_, vol. i. p. 202.:

"The famous Count Grammont was thought to be the original of _The Forced Marriage_. This nobleman, during his stay at the court of England, had made love to Miss Hamilton, but was coming away from France without bringing matters to a proper conclusion. The young lady's brothers pursued him, and came up with him near Dover, in order to exchange some pistol shot with him. They called out, 'Count Grammont, have you forgot nothing at London?' 'Excuse me,' answered the Court guessing their errand, 'I forgot to marry your sister; so lead on, and let us finish that affair.'"

My object in this communication is to supply an omission in MR. STEINMAN'S very interesting Notes, who does not show, as he might have done, how the letters of M. de Comminges prove the truth of this story. For, from the passage quoted by MR. STEINMAN from the letter to the king, dated Dec. 20-24, 1663, it is evident that the count was about on that day to leave England "without bringing matters to a proper conclusion;" while that he married the lady within a day or {550} two of that date may fairly be inferred from the announcement on Aug. 29-Sept. 8, 1664, that "Madame la Comtesse de Grammont accoucha hier au soir d'un fils." MR. STEINMAN'S omission was probably intentional; I have supplied it in the hope that the date and place of the marriage may now be ascertained, and for the purpose of expressing my hope that we shall soon be favoured by MR. STEINMAN'S return to this subject.

HORACE WALPOLE, Jun.

_Life_ (Vol. vii., p. 429.).--Let me give A. C. the testimony of two poets and a philosopher in support of the "general feeling" about the renewal of life, which will surely bear down the authority of three writers mentioned by him.

Cowper's notion may be gathered from the couplet:

"So numerous are the follies that annoy The mind and heart of every sprightly boy."

Kirke White must have had a similar idea:

"There are who think that childhood does not share With age the cup, the bitter cup, of care; Alas! they know not this unhappy truth, That every age and rank is born to ruth."

The next four lines may also be attentively considered. I quote from his "Childhood," one of his earliest productions by the way--but what production of his was not early?

Still more decidedly, however, on the point speaks Cicero (_de Senectute_):

"Si quis Deus mihi largiatur ut ea hac aetate repuerescam, et in cunis vagiam, _valde recusem_."

The following passage is also at A. C.'s service, provided you can find space for it, and there are "no questions asked" as to its whereabouts:

"I have heard them say that our childhood's hours are the happiest time of our earthly race; and they speak with regret of their summer bowers, and the mirth they knew in the butterfly chase; and they sorrow to think that those days are past, when their young hearts bounded with lightsome glee, when, by none of the clouds of care o'ercast, the sun of their joy shone cheerily. But, oh! they surely forget that the boy may have grief of his own that strikes deep in his heart; that an angry frown, or a broken toy, may inflict for a time a cureless smart; and that little pain is as great to him as a weightier woe to an older mind. Aye! the harsh reproof, or unfavoured whim, may be sharp as a pang of a graver kind. Then, how dim-sighted and thoughtless are those, who would they were frolicsome children and free; they should rather rejoice to have fled from the woes that hung o'er them once so heavily. In misfortune's rude shocks the practised art of _the man_ may perchance disclose relief; but _the child_, in his innocence of heart, will bow 'neath the stroke of a trifling grief."

W. T. M.

Hong Kong.

_Muscipula_ (Vol. viii., p. 229.--_The Name Lloyd._--Besides the translation of this poem by Dr. Hoadly, of which a note in Dodsley informs us that the author, Holdsworth, said it was "exceedingly well done," I have before me another, printed in London for R. Gosling, 1715, with an engraved frontispiece, illustrative of the triumphant reception of Taffy's invention. The depredations of the mouse are illustrated in the various figures around, as cheeses burrowed through, even the invasion of a sleeping Welshman's very [Greek: erkos odonton], &c. The title is, _The Mouse-Trap, a Poem done from the original Latin in Milton's Stile_:

"Ludus animo debet aliquando dari, Ad cogitandum melior ut redeat tibi"--_Phaed._

Both translations are in blank verse, but that of the latter is very _blank_ indeed, and possesses little in common with Milton's _style_, except the absence of rhyme. It thus begins:

"The British mountaineer, who first uprear'd A mouse-trap, and engoal'd the little thief, The deadly wiles and fate inextricable, Rehearse, my Muse, and, oh! thy presence deign, Auxiliar Phoebus, mortal foe to mice: Whence bards in ancient times thee Smintheus term'd," &c.

Muscipula must have made some sensation to have been translated by two different persons. _Welsh rabbits_, and their supposed general fondness for _cheese_, have furnished many a joke at the expense of the inhabitants of the principality. Among others the following quiz may not be out of place on the famous Cambro-Britannic name of Lloyd:

"Two gibbets dejected, LL A cheese in full view, O A toaster erected Y And a cheese cut in two, D."

Ballard MSS. in the Bodleian, vol. xxix. p. 80.

BALLIOLENSIS.

_Berefellarii_ (Vol. viii., p. 420.).--M. PHILARETE CHASLES has misrepresented JOHN JEBB'S Query and conjecture about _berefellarii_ (Vol. vii., p. 207.). He never spoke of these officers as "_half ecclesiastics_ (!), dirty, shabby, ill-washed attendants." They were priests of an inferior grade, answering to the minor canons of cathedrals, and superior to the vicars choral, who were also called _personae_ and _rectores chori_. He has far too great a respect for collegiate foundations to use such opprobrious terms when speaking of any class of ministers of divine service. The only conjecture J. JEBB made was, that the word might possibly have been a corruption (arising from incorrect writing) of _beneficiarii_, which is continually used abroad for the inferior clergy of collegiate churches, though not common in {551} England. It is just _possible_, though not very probable, that this somewhat foreign word was misread, and gave rise to a blundering corruption conveying ludicrous ideas, the "turpe nomen" alluded to by the Archbishop of York tempore Ric. II. The conjectural derivation of the word from Anglo-Saxon words was not my own, but that of a subsequent correspondent. It is just one of those conjectures which, like that of "Mazarinaeus," may be quite as likely to be false as true. I could suggest twenty that would be quite as likely; such as _bier-followers_ (attenders on funerals, as did the clerks and inferior clergy in cathedrals), or _bury fellows_ (query, burying fellows), or _beer fellows_ (like the _beerers_ in Dean Aldrich's famous catch), or _belly fillers_, &c., or lastly, some corruption of _Beverly_ itself. _Barefellows_ is as likely as any. Still I cannot think that these functionaries were low or contemptible. Their position corresponded to a very honourable status in cathedral churches.

JOHN JEBB.

_Harmony of the Four Gospels_ (Vol. viii., pp. 316. 415.)--I am greatly obliged to MR. HARDWICK, MR. BUCKTON, and J. M. for their valuable and satisfactory replies to my Query. To the list of those Harmonies published since the Reformation, may be added that of John Hind, 1632, under the title of

"The Storie of Stories, or the Life of Christ, according to the foure holy Evangelists: with a harmonie of them, and a table of their chapters and verses, collected by Johan Hind. London, printed by Miles Flesher, 1632."

It is dedicated to the "Lady Anne Twisden," with whom, and her son the learned Sir Roger Twisden, this John Hind, "a German gentleman of Mecklenburgh, a most religious honest knowing man, lived above thirty years," &c.

Surely Doddridge's _Family Expositor_ should be added to the list.

Z. 1.

_Picts' Houses and Argils_ (Vol. viii., p. 264.).--Malte-Brun, in his _Universal Geography_, English translation, vol. vi. p. 387., has a passage in his description of Russia which applies to this matter. The steppes of Nogay lie immediately to the north of the peninsula of the Crimea, both being included in the Russian government of Taurida, and both countries were formerly inhabited by the Cimbri or Cimmerians. Malte-Brun says:

"The colonists are in many places ill provided with timber for building; they live under the ground, and the hillocks, which are so common in the country, and which served in ancient times for graves or monuments of the dead, are now converted into houses, the vaults are changed into roofs, and beneath them are subterranean excavations. Kurgan is the Tartar name for these tumuli; they are scattered throughout New Russia; they were raised at different times by the different people who ruled over that region. The Kurgans are not all of the same kind; some are not unlike the rude works of the early Hungarians, others are formed of large and thin stones, like the Scandinavian tombs. It is to be regretted that the different articles contained in them have been only of late years examined with care."

This does not establish the identity of the Argil and Kurgan, but I think it shows more particular information is likely to be met with on the subject. M. Malte-Brun, vol. vi. p. 152., in his description of Turkey, mentions a curious town on the hills of the Strandschea, a little to the west of Constantinople. It is called Indchiguis, and is inhabited by Troglodytes; its numerous dwellings are cut in solid rocks, stories are formed in the same manner, and many apartments that communicate with each other.

W. H. F.

_Boswell's "Johnson"_ (Vol. viii., p. 439.).--

"Crescit, occulto velut arbor aevo, Fama Marcelli: micat inter omnes Julium sidus, velut inter ignes Luna minores."--Hor. _Carm._ I. xii. 45-48.

F. C. has overlooked the _point_ of Boswell's remark, viz. that Johnson had been "inattentive to metre."

C. FORBES.

Temple.

_Pronunciation of "Humble"_ (Vol. viii., p. 393.).--I venture once more to trespass on your pages, in the hope of helping to settle the right pronunciation of _humble_. In the controversy respecting it, the derivation of the word should not be overlooked, as it is a most important point; for I consider that the improper use of the _h_ has arisen from people not knowing from whence the word was taken. Now, as I am of opinion that it will go far to prove that the _h_ should be silent in _humble_, by giving a list of the radical words in the English language in which that letter is silent, and their derivations, I beg to do so: premising that they are derived from the Celtic language, in which the _h_ is not used in the same manner that it is in other languages:

_Heir_, from _oigeir_, i. e. the young man who succeeds to a property: the word is pronounced _air_.

_Honest_, from _oinnicteac_, i. e. just, liberal, generous, kind.

_Honour_, from _onoir_, i. e. praise, respect, worship.

_Hour_, from _uair_, pronounced _voir_, i. e. time present, a period of time, any time.

_Humble_, from _umal_, i. e. lowly, obedient, submissive.

_Humour._ The derivation of this word is obscure, but in the sense of _mirth_ it may be derived from _uaim-mir_, i. e. loud mirth, gaiety.

The compounds formed from these words have the _h_ silent; and every other word beginning with {552} that letter should have it fully sounded. Such being my practice, I cannot be accused of cultivating the _Heapian dialect_, which I hold to be equally abominable with the improper use of the letter _h_.

FRAS. CROSSLEY.

May not the following be the true solution of the question? All _existing_ humility is either pride or hypocrisy; pride aspirates the _h_, hypocrisy suppresses it. I always aspirate.

M.

_Continuation of Robertson_ (Vol. viii., p. 515.).--The supplementary volume proposed by MR. TURNBULL, which is wanted extremely, was never published, owing to the fact that eighty subscribers could not be found to indemnify him for the expense of printing.

G.

_Nostradamus_ (Vol. vii., p. 174.).--My edition of _Nostradamus_, 1605 (described in "N. & Q.," Vol. iv., p. 140.), has the quotation in question; but the first line has "le sang du juste," not "le sang du jusse."

The ed. of 1605 is undoubtedly genuine. Besides the twelve centuries of prophecies, it contains 141 "Presages tirez de ceux faits par M. Nostradamus," and fifty-eight "Predictions admirables pour les ans courans en ce Siecle, recueillies des memoires de feu M. Nostradamus," with a dedication to Henry IV. of France, "par Vincent Seve, de Beaucaire, 19 Mars, 1605."

R. J. R.

_Quantity of Words_ (Vol. viii., p. 386.).--ANTI-BARBARUS need not say we always pronounce Candace long, for I have never heard it otherwise than short. Labbe says it should be short, and classes it with short terminations in _[)a]cus_; but I am not aware that there is any poetical authority for it. _Canace_ and _canache_ are both short in Ovid; all which may have helped to the inference for _Cand[)a]ce_. Facciolati has an adjective _cand[)a]cus_, to which I refer your correspondent.

W. HAZEL.

_"Man proposes, but God disposes"_ (Vol. viii., p. 411.).--This saying is older than the age of Thomas a Kempis, who was born about A.D. 1380. It probably originated in two passages of Holy Scripture, on one or both of which it may have been an ancient comment:

"Hominis est animam praeparare, et Domini gubernare linguam." "Cor hominis disponit viam suam, sed Domini est dirigere gressus ejus."--Proverbs xvi. 1. 10.

The sentiment in both is the same, and their pith is given in a still more brief and condensed form in our own proverb. It is remarkable that while Dr. A. Clarke, in his notes on Proverbs xvi., has quoted it without reference to its authorship in the edition of Stanhope's version of _De Imitatione Christi_, which I happen to have, it is not to be found; but its place (according to your correspondent's reference) is occupied by the _two texts_ above quoted. The work referred to is asserted by some to have been only translated or transcribed by a Kempis, and written by John Gerson, Chancellor of the University of Paris, a great theologian, who died in 1429. Be that as it may, I can assure your correspondent A. B. C. that the saying in question _did not_ originate with the author of that work. In Piers Ploughman's _Vision_, written A.D. 1362, it is thus introduced:

"And _Spiritus justitiae_ Shall juggen, wol he nele he (_will he nil he!_) After the kynges counseil, And the comune like. And _Spiritus prudentiae_, In many a point shall faille, Of that he weneth will falle, If his wit ne weere. Wenynge is no wysdom, Ne wys ymaginacion. _Homo proponit, et Deus disponit_, And governeth alle good vertues." Vol. ii. p. 427., ll. 13984-95. Ed. London: W. Pickering, 1842.

In the same way the author frequently introduces Latin texts from the Bible, and other books of authority and devotion. In the notes the editor generally refers to the place from whence the quotation is taken; but as there is no reference in connexion with the present passage, I infer that he was not aware of its source.

J. W. THOMAS.

Dewsbury.

_Polarised Light_ (Vol. viii., p. 409.).--I am unable to furnish H. C. K. with knowledge from the fountain-head touching this phenomenon. On referring, however, to a little work, much valued in my boyish days, I find it thus mentioned:

"The blue light of the sky is completely polarised at an angle of seventy-four degrees from the sun, in a plane passing through the sun's centre."--P. 219. _Newtonian Philosophy_, by Tom Telescope: Tegg, Lond. 1838.

Surely the Herschels mention this.

R. C. WARDE.

Kidderminster.

* * * * *

Miscellaneous.

NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.

The attempt to establish a _Surrey Archaeological Society_ has at length proved successful. Upwards of one hundred and seventy Members have already joined the Society. The Duke of Norfolk has accepted its Presidency, and the Earl of Ellesmere, the Bishop of Winchester, and Lord Viscount Downe, are among the number of its Vice-Presidents. The Society has good work before it, and we trust will set about it in a way to {553} secure the success which we wish it. The Honorary Secretary and Treasurer is George Bish Webb, Esq., of 46. Addison Road North, Notting Hill; from whom gentlemen desirous of enrolling themselves as Members may obtain copies of the Prospectus, Rules, &c. of the Society.

The mention of one county Society seems to call attention to another, namely, the _Somersetshire Archaeological and Natural History Society_, the volume of whose Proceedings for 1852 is now before us, and affords satisfactory proof that the zeal and energy of its members, of which it numbers nearly five hundred, are by no means diminished. The papers and the illustrations of the volume are highly creditable to all concerned.

The want of a collection of the early antiquities of this country has long been the greatest reproach which foreigners have been able to make against the British Museum. An opportunity of removing this has lately presented itself by an offer to the trustees of the well-known and probably unique collection, _The Faussett Museum_. Strange to say, that offer was declined: but, as a communication from the Society of Antiquaries strongly urging the propriety of a reconsideration of this decision--so that an opportunity which may never recur may not be lost--has been addressed to the trustees, we still hope that _the Faussett Museum_ will yet fill the empty cases at Great Russell Street, and form, as it is well calculated to do, the nucleus of a national collection of our own national antiquities. We understand Mr. Wylie has most liberally offered to present his valuable Fairford Collections to the Museum, if the Faussett Collection is secured for it.

BOOKS RECEIVED.--_The Life and Works of William Cowper_, by Robert Southey, Vol. I. This, the first volume of a new edition, which will be comprised in eight instead of fifteen volumes--cost twenty-eight instead of seventy-five shillings, and yet contain additional plates and matter,--is the new issue of Bohn's _Standard Library_.--_The Laws of Artistic Copyright and their Defects_, by D. R. Blaine, Esq. A little volume well calculated to instruct artists, sculptors, engravers, printsellers, &c., so that they may clearly understand their rights, their remedies for the infringement of those rights, and the proper mode of transferring their property.--_The Attic Philosopher in Paris, being the Journal of a Happy Man_, forms No. LI. of Longman's _Traveller's Library_, and is a fit companion to the _Confessions of a Working Man_, by the same author, Emile Souvestre, published in the same series a few months since.--_Apuleius: Metamorphoses, or Golden Ass, and other Works._ A new translation, to which are added a metrical version of Cupid and Psyche, and Mrs. Tighe's Psyche, is the new volume of Bohn's _Classical Library_.--_Handbook to the Library of the British Museum, &c._, by Richard Sims. After the notice of this useful little volume taken by MR. BOLTON CORNEY in our last Number, we may content ourselves with expressing our hope that the trustees, whose desire it must be to facilitate in every way the use of the Museum library, will avail themselves of the earliest opportunity of marking their approval of this able attempt on the part of one of their officers--a junior though he be--to promote so important an object.

* * * * *

BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.

Particulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent direct to the gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose names and addresses are given for that purpose:

NICHOLS' LITERARY ANECDOTES, and the Continuation.

THE HIVE. 3 Vols. London, 1724.

THE FRIENDS. 2 Vols. London, 1773.

LONDON MAGAZINE. 1732 to 1779.

Wanted by _F. Dinsdale_, Leamington.

* * * * *

JOSEPH MEDE'S WORKS.

JONES'S (of Nayland) SERMONS, by Walker. 2 Vols. 8vo.

PLAIN SERMONS. 10 Vols. 8vo.

DEATH-BED SCENES. Best Edition.

ROSE'S (H. J.) SERMONS.

WILBERFORCE'S LIFE. 5 Vols.

Wanted by _Simms & Son_, Booksellers, Bath.

* * * * *

HUTCHINS'S DORSETSHIRE. Last Edition.

Wanted by _James Dearden_, Upton House, Poole.

* * * * *

CLARENDON'S HISTORY OF THE REBELLION. Folio. Oxford, 1703. Vol. I.

Wanted by _Rev. John James Avington_, Hungerford.

* * * * *

RECOLLECTIONS AND REFLECTIONS DURING THE REIGN OF GEORGE III., by John Nicholls. 2 Vols. 8vo. London, Ridgway, 1820.

Wanted by _G. Cornewall Lewis_, Kent House, Knightsbridge.

* * * * *

AN EXAMINATION OF THE CHARTERS AND STATUTES OF TRINITY COLLEGE, DUBLIN (with the Postscript), by George Miller, D.D., F.T.C.D. Dublin, 1804.

A [First] LETTER TO THE REV. DR. PUSEY, in reference to his Letter to the Lord Bishop of Oxford, by George Miller, D.D. London, 1840.

Wanted by _Rev. B. H. Blacker_, 11. Pembroke Road, Dublin.

* * * * *

DILLWIN'S BRITISH CONIFERAE. 4to. 115 Coloured Plates. London, 1809.

(SCIOPPIUS) SCALIGER HYPOBOLYMAEUS, h. e. Elenchus Epistolae Josephi Burdonis Pseudo-Scaligeri de Vetustate et Splendore Gestis Scaligeri. 4to. Mainz, 1607.

Wanted by _Williams and Norgate_, Henrietta Street, Covent Garden.

* * * * *

Notices to Correspondents.

AESTIMATOR _is informed that a new edition of Sir R. Philips's_ Million of Facts _has just been published_.

N. E. H. _will find a full history of Cocker's_ Arithmetic _in De Morgan's_ Books of Arithmetic.

C. E. C. (Reading). _The volume in question is Lyte's Translation of Dodoens'_ Historie of Plantes.

T. C. B. _Defoe's_ De Jure Divino _was first published in folio, 1706_. _See Wilson's_ Life, vol. ii. p. 465. _et seq._

X. Y. Z. _Is our Correspondent sure that a clergyman on being inducted is locked up in the church and obliged to toll the bell himself?_

P. M. HART _will find the line_,

"Men are but children of a larger growth,"

_in Dryden's_ All for Love.

S. S. (Andover). _We do not believe that Mr. Brayley ever published any more than the first volume of his_ Graphic and Historical Illustrator.

C. H. (Cambridge) _is referred to_ "N. & Q.," Vol. i., pp. 211. 236. 325. 357. 418., _for the history of the proverbial saying_, "God tempers the wind to the shorn lamb."

"NOTES AND QUERIES" _is published at noon on Friday, so that the Country Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels, and deliver them to their Subscribers on the Saturday_.

"NOTES AND QUERIES," Vols. i. _to_ vii., _price Three Guineas and a Half_.--_Copies are being made up and may be had by order._

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{554}

WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY.

3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.

Founded A.D. 1842.

* * * * *

_Directors._

H. E. Bicknell, Esq. T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq., M. P. G. H. Drew, Esq. W. Evans, Esq. W. Freeman, Esq. F. Fuller, Esq. J. H. Goodhart, Esq. T. Grissell, Esq. J. Hunt, Esq. J. A. Lethbridge, Esq. E. Lucas, Esq. J. Lys Seager, Esq. J. B. White, Esq. J. Carter Wood, Esq.

_Trustees._--W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, Esq., T. Grissell, Esq. _Physician._--William Rich. Basham, M.D. _Bankers._--Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross.

VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.

POLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application to suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed in the Prospectus.

Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100l., with a Share in three-fourths of the Profits:--

Age L s. d. 17 1 14 4 22 1 18 8 27 2 4 5 32 2 10 8 37 2 18 6 42 3 8 2

ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary.

Now ready, price 10s. 6d., Second Edition, with material additions. INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE ON BENEFIT BUILDING SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land Investment, exemplified in the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies, &c. With a Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and Life Assurance. By ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3. Parliament Street, London.

* * * * *

POLICY HOLDERS in other COMPANIES, and intending Assurers generally, are invited to examine the Rates, Principles, and Progress of the SCOTTISH PROVIDENT INSTITUTION, the only Society in which the Advantages of Mutual Assurance can be secured by moderate Premiums. Established 1837. Number of Policies issued 6,400, assuring upwards of Two and a Half Millions.

Full Reports and every Information had (Free) on Application.

*** Policies are now issued Free of Stamp Duty; and attention is invited to the circumstance that Premiums payable for Life Assurance are now allowed as a Deduction from Income in the Returns for Income Tax.

GEORGE GRANT. Resident Sec. London Branch, 12. Moorgate Street.

* * * * *

BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION No. 1. Class X., in Gold and Silver Cases. In five qualities, and adapted to all climates, may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold London-made Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases. 8, 6, and 4 guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12, 10, and 8 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior lever, with Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23 and 19 guineas. Bennett's Pocket Chronometer, Gold, 50 guineas; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch skilfully examined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers, 2l., 3l., and 4l. Thermometers from 1s. each.

BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory, the Board of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen,

65. CHEAPSIDE.

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XYLO-IODIDE OF SILVER, exclusively used at all the Photographic Establishments.--The superiority of this preparation is now universally acknowledged. Testimonials from the best Photographers and principal scientific men of the day, warrant the assertion, that hitherto no preparation has been discovered which produces uniformly such perfect pictures, combined with the greatest rapidity of action. In all cases where a quantity is required, the two solutions may be had at Wholesale price in separate Bottles, in which state it may be kept for years, and exported to any Climate. Full instructions for use.

CAUTION.--Each Bottle is Stamped with a Red Label bearing my name, RICHARD W. THOMAS, Chemist, 10. Pall Mall, to counterfeit which is felony.

CYANOGEN SOAP: for removing all kinds of Photographic Stains. Beware of purchasing spurious and worthless imitations of this valuable detergent. The Genuine is made only by the Inventor, and is secured with a Red Label bearing this Signature and Address, RICHARD W. THOMAS, CHEMIST, 10. PALL MALL, Manufacturer of Pure Photographic Chemicals: and may be procured of all respectable Chemists, in Pots at 1s., 2s., and 3s. 6d. each, through MESSRS. EDWARDS, 67. St. Paul's Churchyard; and MESSRS. BARCLAY & CO., 95. Farringdon Street, Wholesale Agents.

* * * * *

PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS.--OTTEWILL'S REGISTERED DOUBLE-BODIED FOLDING CAMERA, is superior to every other form of Camera, for the Photographic Tourist, from its capability of Elongation or Contraction to any Focal Adjustment, its Portability, and its adaptation for taking either Views or Portraits.--The Trade supplied.

Every Description of Camera, or Slides, Tripod Stands, Printing Frames, &c. may be obtained at his MANUFACTORY, Charlotte Terrace, Barnsbury Road, Islington.

New Inventions, Models, &c., made to order or from Drawings.

* * * * *

PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION.--An EXHIBITION of PICTURES, by the most celebrated French, Italian and English Photographers embracing Views of the principal Countries and Cities of Europe, is now OPEN. Admission 6d. A Portrait taken by MR. TALBOT'S Patent Process, One Guinea; Three extra Copies for 10s.

PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION, 168. NEW BOND STREET.

* * * * *

PHOTOGRAPHY.--HORNE & CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining Instantaneous Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds, according to light.

Portraits obtained by the above, for delivery of detail rival the choicest Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their Establishment.

Also every description of Apparatus Chemicals, &c. &c. used in this beautiful Art.--123. and 121. Newgate Street.

* * * * *

IMPROVEMENT IN COLLODION.--J. B. HOCKIN & CO., Chemists, 289. Strand, have, by an improved mode of Iodizing, succeeded in producing Collodion equal, they may say superior. In sensitiveness and density of Negative, to any other hitherto published; without diminishing the keeping properties and appreciation of half tint for which their manufacture has been esteemed.

Apparatus, pure Chemicals, and all the requirements for the practice of Photography. Instruction in the Art.

* * * * *

W. H. HART, RECORD AGENT and LEGAL ANTIQUARIAN (who is in the possession of Indices to many of the early Public Records whereby his Inquiries are greatly facilitated) begs to inform Authors and Gentlemen engaged in Antiquarian or Literary Pursuits, that he is prepared to undertake searches among the Public Records, MSS. in the British Museum, Ancient Wills, or other Depositories of a similar Nature, in any Branch of Literature, History, Topography, Geology or the like, and in which he has had considerable experience.

1. ALBERT TERRACE, NEW CROSS, HATCHAM, SURREY.

* * * * *

Just published, price 1s.

THE STEREOSCOPE,

Considered in relation to the Philosophy of Binocular Vision. An Essay, by C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY, M.A., of Trinity College, Cambridge.

London: WALTON & MABERLEY, Upper Gower Street, and Ivy Lane, Paternoster Row. Cambridge: J. DEIGHTON.

Also, by the same Author, price 1s.,

REMARKS on some of Sir William Hamilton's Notes on the Works of Dr. Thomas Reid.

"Nothing in my opinion can be more congenial than your refutation of M. Jobert."--_Sir W. Hamilton._

London: JOHN W. PARKER, West Strand. Cambridge: E. JOHNSON. Birmingham: H. C. LANGBRIDGE.

* * * * *

DAGUERREOTYPE MATERIALS.--Plates, Cases, Passepartouts. Best and Cheapest. To be had in great variety at

McMILLAN'S Wholesale Depot, 132. Fleet Street.

Price List Gratis.

* * * * *

ALLEN'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, containing Size, Price and Description of upwards of 100 articles, consisting of

PORTMANTEAUS, TRAVELLING-BAGS, Ladies' Portmanteaus, DESPATCH-BOXES, WRITING-DESKS, DRESSING-CASES, and other travel requisites, Gratis on application, or sent free by post on receipt of Two Stamps.

MESSRS. ALLEN'S registered Despatch-box and Writing-desk, their Travelling-bag with the opening as large as the bag, and the new Portmanteau containing four compartments, are undoubtedly the best articles of the kind ever produced.

J. W. & T. ALLEN, 18. & 22. West Strand.

* * * * *

AMUSEMENT FOR LONG EVENINGS, by means of STATHAM'S Chemical Cabinets and Portable Laboratories, 5s. 6d., 7s. 6d., 10s. 6d., 21s., 31s. 6d., 42s., 63s., and upwards. Book of Experiments. 6d. "Illustrated Descriptive Catalogue" forwarded Free for Stamp.

WILLIAM E. STATHAM, Operative Chemist, 29c. Rotherfield Street, Islington London, and of Chemists and Opticians everywhere.

* * * * *

SPECTACLES.-- Every Description of SPECTACLES and EYEGLASSES for the Assistance of Vision, adapted by means of Smee's Optometer: that being the only correct method of determining the exact focus of the Lenses required, and of preventing injury to the sight by the use of improper Glasses.

BLAND & LONG Opticians, 153. Fleet Street, London.

* * * * *

{555}

Now ready, royal 12mo., pp. 430, with a Plan showing the localities of the London Libraries, and ground plan of the Libraries in the British Museum, cloth, 3s.

HANDBOOK

TO THE

LIBRARY OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM:

Containing a Brief history of its Formation, and of the various Collections of which it is composed; Descriptions of the Catalogues in present use: Classed Lists of the Manuscripts, &c.: and a variety of Information indispensable for the "Readers" at that Institution. With some Account of the Principal Libraries in London. By RICHARD SIMS, of the Department of Manuscripts; Compiler of the "Index to the Heralds' Visitations."

London: JOHN RUSSELL SMITH, 36. Soho Square.

* * * * *

RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW (New Series), consisting of Criticisms upon, Analyses of, and Extracts from, Curious Useful and Valuable Old Books. Vol. I. Pp. 436. Cloth, 10s. 6d. Part V., price 2s. 6d., published Quarterly, is now ready.

JOHN RUSSELL SMITH, 36. Soho Square.

* * * * *

THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE FOR DECEMBER contains the following articles:--1. Memoranda on Mexico--Brantz Mayer's Historical and Geographical Account of Mexico from the Spanish Invasion. 2. Notes on Mediaeval Art in France, by J. G. Waller. 3. Philip the Second and Antonio Perez. 4. On the Immigration of the Scandinavians into Leicestershire, by James Wilson. 5. Wanderings of an Antiquary by Thomas Wright, Old Sarum. 6. Mitford's Mason and Gray. Correspondence of Sylvanus Urban; Duke of Wellington's Descent from the House of Stafford; Extracts from the MS. Diaries of Dr. Stukeley; English Historical Portraits, and Granger's Biographical History of England; Scottish Families in Sweden, &c. With Notes of the Month; Historical and Miscellaneous Reviews; Reports of Antiquarian and Literary Societies; Historical Chronicle, and OBITUARY; including Memoirs of the Earl of Kenmare, Bishop of Derry and Raphoe, Lady Eliz. Norman, Lord Charles Townshend, Sir Wm. Betham, Sir Wm. Bain, Gen. Montholon, M. Arago, Lieut. Bellot, R. J. Smyth, Esq., M.P.; C. Baring Wall, Esq., M.P.; Rev. G. Faussett, D.D.; Colin C. Macaulay, Esq.; Jas. Ainsworth, Esq.; &c. Price 2s. 6d.

NICHOLS & SONS, 25. Parliament Street.

* * * * *

This Day is published, 8vo., price 1s.,

JUSTIFICATION: a Sermon preached before the University at St. Mary's, on the Twenty-fourth Sunday after Trinity. By the REV. E. B. PUSEY, D.D., Regius Professor of Hebrew and Canon of Christ Church.

"Love the truth and peace."--Zech. viii. 19.

Oxford & London: JOHN HENRY PARKER.

* * * * *

Now ready, fcap. 8vo., price 5s.,

ADVENT READINGS from the FATHERS. Selected from the Library of the Fathers. Uniform with the Lent Readings.

Oxford & London: JOHN HENRY PARKER.

* * * * *

This Day is published, price 1s. 6d., the Third Edition, with a Preface in reply to Mr. Maurice's Letter.

GROUNDS FOR LAYING BEFORE THE COUNCIL OF KING'S COLLEGE LONDON, CERTAIN STATEMENTS contained in a RECENT PUBLICATION, entitled. "THEOLOGICAL ESSAYS, by the REV. F. D. MAURICE, M.A., Professor of Divinity in King's College." By R. W. JELF, D.D., Principal of the College and Canon of Christ Church.

Oxford and London: JOHN HENRY PARKER.

* * * * *

Now ready, price One Shilling.

THE NATIONAL MISCELLANY.--Vol. II., No. II. for DECEMBER.

1. Our National Gallery and its Prospects. 2. Wallachia and Moldavia. 3. The National Drama. 4. Kaiserswerth and the Protestant Deaconesses. 5. The Well of Clisson. 6. Proverbial Philosophy, or Old Saws with a New Edge. 7. The Interesting Pole--concluded. 8. Discovery of America in the Tenth Century. 9. Magazines. 10. Notices--Landmarks of History. Arnold's Poems.

Also,