Part 5

As far as I am aware, this is the only instance, either on monuments or in portraits, of a _puisne_ judge being ornamented with this decoration. Can any of your correspondents produce another example? or can they account, from any other cause, for Richard Harpur receiving such a distinction? or may I not rather attribute it to the blunder of the sculptor?

EDWARD FOSS.

_Who first thought of Table-turning_ (Vol. viii., p. 57.).--It is impossible to say who discovered the table-turning experiment, but it undoubtedly had its origin in the United States. It was practised here three years ago, and, although sometimes associated with spirit-rappings, has more frequently served for amusement. On this connexion it may be proper to say that Professor Faraday's theory of unconscious muscular force meets with no concurrence among those who know anything about the subject in this country. It is notorious that large tables have been moved frequently by five or six persons, whose fingers merely touched them, although upon each was seated a stout man, weighing a hundred and fifty or sixty pounds: neither involuntary nor voluntary muscular force could have effected _that_ physical movement, when there was no other _purchase_ on the table than that which could be gained by a pressure of the tips of the fingers.

[Old English W].

Philadelphia.

_Passage of Thucydides on the Greek Factions_ (Vol. vii., p. 594.; Vol. viii., pp. 44. 137.).--My attempt to find the passage attributed by Sir A. Alison to Thucydides in the real Thucydides was unsuccessful for the best of reasons, viz. that it does not exist there. He has probably borrowed it from some modern author, who, as it appears to me, has given a loose paraphrase of the words which I cited from _Thucyd._ III. 82., and has expanded the thought in a manner not uncommon with some writers, by adding the expression about the "sword and poniard." Some other misquotations of Sir A. Alison from the classical writers may be seen in the _Edinburgh Review_ for April last, No. CXCVIII. p. 275.

L.

_Origin of "Clipper" as applied to Vessels_ (Vol. viii., p. 100.).--For many years the fleetest sailing vessels built in the United States were {399} constructed at Baltimore. They were very sharp, long, low; and their masts were inclined at a much greater angle than usual with those in other vessels. Fast sailing pilot boats and schooners were thus rigged; and in the last war with England, privateers of the Baltimore build were universally famed for their swiftness and superior sailing qualities. "A Baltimore clipper" became the expression among shipbuilders for a vessel of peculiar make; in the construction of which, fleetness was considered of more importance than a carrying capacity. When the attention of naval architects was directed to the construction of swift sailing ships, they were compelled to adopt the clipper shape. Hence the title "Clipper Ship," which has now extended from America to England.

[Old English W].

Philadelphia.

_Passage in Tennyson_ (Vol. viii., p. 244.).--In the third edition of _In Memoriam_, LXXXIX., 1850, the last line mentioned by W. T. M. is "Flits by the sea-blue bird of March," instead of "blue sea-bird." This reading appears to be a better one. I would suggest that the bird meant by Tennyson was the Tom-tit, who, from his restlessness, may be said to flit among the bushes.

F. M. MIDDLETON.

_Huet's Navigations of Solomon_ (Vol. vii., p. 381.).--This work of the learned Bishop of Avranches was written in Latin, and translated into French by J. B. Desrockes de Parthenay. It forms part of the second volume of a collection of treatises edited by Bruzen de la Martiniere, under the title of _Traites Geographiques et Historiques pour faciliter l'intelligence de l'Ecriture Sainte, par divers auteurs celebres_, 1730, 2 vols. 12mo.

I am unable to reply to EDINA's second Query, as to the result of Huet's assertions.

HENRY H. BREEN.

St. Lucia.

_Sincere_ (Vol. viii., pp. 195. 328.).--The derivation of this word from _sine cera_ appears very fanciful. If this were the correct derivation, we should expect to find _sinecere_, for the _e_ would scarcely be dropped; just as we have the English word _sinecure_, which is the only compound of the preposition _sine_ I know; and is itself _not a Latin word_, but of a later coinage. Some give as the derivation _semel_ and [Greek: kerao]--that is, once mixed, without adulteration; the [Greek: e] being lengthened, as the Greek [Greek: akeratos]. The proper spelling would then be _simcerus_, and euphonically _sincerus_: thus we have _sim-plex_, which does not mean without a fold, but (_semel plico_, [Greek: pleko]) once folded. So also _singulus_, semel and termination. The proper meaning may be from tablets, _ceratae tabellae_, which were "once smeared with wax" and then written upon; they were then _sincerae_, without forgery or deception. If they were in certain places covered with wax again, for the purpose of adding something secretly and deceptively, they cease to be _sincerae_.

J. T. JEFFCOCK.

[Pi]. [Beta]. asks me for some authority for the alleged practice of Roman potters (or crock-vendors) to rub wax into the flaws of their unsound vessels. This was the very burden of my Query! I am no proficient in the Latin classics: yet I think I know enough to predicate that [Pi]. [Beta]. is wrong in his version of the line--

"Sincerum est nisi vas, quodcunque infundis acescit."

I understand this line as referring to the notorious fact, that some liquors turn sour if the air gets to them from without. "Sincerum vas" is a sound or air-tight vessel. In another place (_Sat._, lib. i. 3.), Horace employs the same figure, where he says that we "call evil good, and good evil," figuring the sentiment thus:

"At nos virtutes ipsas invertimus, atque Sincerum cupimus vas _incrustare_"--

meaning, of course, that we bring the vessel into suspicion, by treating it as if it were flawed. Dryden, no doubt, knew the radical meaning of _sincere_ when he wrote the lines cited by Johnson:

"He try'd a tough well-chosen spear; Th' inviolable body stood sincere."

C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY.

Birmingham.

_The Saltpetre Man_ (Vol. viii., p. 225.).--In addition to the curious particulars of this office, I send you an extract from Abp. Laud's _Diary_:

"December 13, Monday. I received letters from Brecknock; that the _saltpeter man_ was dead and buried the Sunday before the messenger came. This _saltpeter man_ had digged in the Colledge Church for his work, bearing too bold upon his commission. The news of it came to me to London about November 26. I went to my Lord Keeper, and had a messenger sent to bring him up to answer that sacrilegious abuse. He prevented his punishment by death."

JOHN S. BURN.

_Major Andre_ (Vol. viii., p. 174.).--There is in the picture gallery of Yale College, New Haven, Conn., an original sketch of Major Andre, executed by himself with pen and ink, and without the aid of a glass. It was drawn in his guard-room on the morning of the day first fixed for his execution.

J. E.

_Longevity_ (Vol. viii., p. 182.).--A DOUBTER is informed that the _National Intelligencer_ (published at Washington, and edited by Messrs. Gales and Seaton) is the authority for my statement respecting Mrs. Singleton, and her advanced age. If A DOUBTER is desirous of satisfying himself more fully respecting its correctness, he has but {400} to write to the above-named gentlemen, or to the English Consul at Charleston, S. C., and his wish will doubtless be gratified. I cannot but hope that your correspondent's "fifty cents worth of reasons" for doubting my statement is now, or shortly will be, removed.

If A DOUBTER intends to be in New York while the present Exhibition is open, he will have an opportunity of seeing a negro of the age of _one hundred and twenty-four_, who once belonged to General Washington, and from whom he could very possibly obtain some information respecting the aged "nurse" of the first President of the United States mentioned in his note.

W. W.

Malta.

_Passage in Virgil_ (Vol. viii., p. 370.).--The passage for which your correspondent R. FITZSIMONS makes inquiry is to be found in the Eighth Eclogue, at the 44th and following lines:

"Nunc scio quid sit Amor," &c.

The application by Johnson seems to be so plain as to need no explanation.

F. B--W.

_Love Charm from a Foal's Forehead_ (Vol. viii., p. 292.).--Your correspondent H. P. will find the love charm, consisting of a fig-shaped excrescence on a foal's forehead, and called _Hippomanes_, alluded to by Juvenal, _Sat._ VI. 133.:

"Hippomanes, carmenque loquar, coctumque venenum, Privignoque datum?"

And again, 615.:

"ut avunculus ille Neronis, Cui totam tremuli frontem Caesonia pulli Infudit."

It was supposed that the dam swallowed this excrescence immediately on the birth of her foal, and that, if prevented doing so, she lost all affection for it.

However, the name Hippomanes was applied to two other things. Theocritus (II. 48.) uses it to signify some herb which incites horses to madness if they eat of it.

And again, Virgil (_Geor._ III. 280.), Propertius, Tibullus, Ovid, &c., represent it as a certain _virus_:

"Hippomanes cupidae stillat ab inguine equae."

The subject is an unpleasant one, and H. P. is referred for farther information to Pliny, VIII. 42. s. 66., and XXVIII. 11. s. 80.

H. C. K.

This lump was called _Hippomanes_; which also more truly designated, according to Virgil, another thing. The following paragraphs from Mr. Keightley's excellent _Notes on Virgil's Bucolics and Georgics_ will fully explain both meanings:

"_Hippomanes_, horse-rage: the pale yellow fluid which passes from a mare at that season [_i. e._ when she is horsing] (cf. _Tibul._ II. 4. 58.), of which the smell (_aura_, v. 251.) incites the horse.

"_Vero nomine._ Because the bit of flesh which was said to be on the forehead of the new-born foal, and which the mare was supposed to swallow, was called by the same name (see _AEn._ IV. 515.); and also a plant in Arcadia (_Theocr._ II. 48.). With respect to the former Hippomanes, Pliny, who detailed truth and falsehood with equal faith, says (VIII. 42.) that it grows on the foal's forehead; is of the size of a dried fig (_carica_), and of a black colour; and that if the mare does not swallow it immediately, she will not let the foal suck her. Aristotle (_H. A._, VIII. 24.) says this is merely an old wives' tale. He mentions, however, the [Greek: polion], or bit of livid flesh, which we call the foal's bit, and which he says the mare ejects before the foal."--_Notes, &c._, p. 273. on _Georgic._ III. 280. ff.

With regard to the plant called _Hippomanes_, commentators, as may be seen from Kiessling's note on Theocritus, ii. 48., are by no means agreed. Certainly Andrews, in his edition of Freund, is wrong in referring Virgil _Georgic._ III. 283. to that meaning. The use of _legere_ probably misled.

E. S. JACKSON.

_Wardhouse, where was?_ (Vol. viii., p. 78.).--It probably is the same as Wardoehuus or Vardoehus, a district and town in Norwegian Finmark, on the shores of the Arctic Ocean, inhabited principally by fishermen.

W. C. TREVELYAN.

Wallington.

_Divining Rod_ (Vol. viii., p. 293.).--The inquirer should read the statement made by Dr. Herbert Mayo, in his letters _On the Truths contained in Popular Superstitions_, 1851, pp. 3-21. To the facts there recorded I may add, that I have heard Mr. Dawson Turner relate that he himself saw the experiment of the divining rod satisfactorily carried out in the hands of Lady Noel Byron; and some account of it is to be found, I believe, in an article by Sir F. Palgrave, in the _Quarterly Review_.

[mu].

_Waugh, Bishop of Carlisle_ (Vol. viii., p. 271.).--His arms are engraved on a plate dedicated to him by Willis, in his _Survey of the Cathedrals of England_, 1742, vol. i. p. 284., and appear thus, _Argent, on a chevron gules, three besants_; but in a MS. collection by the late Canon Rowling of Lichfield, relating to bishops' arms, I find his coat thus given,--_Argent, on a chevron engrailed gules, three besants_. The variation may have arisen from an error of the engraver. It appears from Willis that Dr. Waugh was a fellow of Queen's College, Oxford; and the entry of his matriculation would no doubt show in what part of England his family resided. He was successively Rector of St. Peter's, Cornhill; Prebendary of Lincoln; Dean of Gloucester; and Bishop of {401} Carlisle; to which latter dignity he was promoted in August, 1723.

[mu].

_Pagoda_ (Vol. v., p. 415.).--The European word pagoda is most probably derived, by transposition of the syllables, from _da-go-ba_, which is the Pali or Sanscrit name for a Budhist temple. It appears probable that the Portuguese first adopted the word in Ceylon, the modern holy isle of Budhism.

PH.

Rangoon.

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