Part 5

I take a saturated solution of bichloride of mercury in hydrochloric acid, and add of this one to six parts of water. This I pour over the collodion plate, and watch it till the whitening process is quite complete. Having well washed the surface with water, I pour over it a solution of iodide of potassium, very weak, not more than two or three grains to the ounce of water. The effect of this is to turn the white parts to a brilliant yellow, quite impervious to actinic rays. This process is only applicable to weak negative or instantaneous pictures, as, if used on a picture of much intensity, the opacity produced is too great. By using, however, instead of the iodide of potassium, a weak solution of ammonia, as recommended by Mr. Hunt, a less degree of intensity may be produced again a less intensity by hyposulphate of soda and a less degree again, but still a slight darkening, by pouring on the bichloride and pouring it off at once before the whitening commences. I thus can tell the exact degree of negative effect in any picture of whatever intensity. The terchloride of gold is most uncertain in its results, at any rate I find it so.

I must again beg you to excuse the great length of my communication, and hope it will be of service to my fellow photographers.

F. MAXWELL LYTE.

Florian, Torquay.

* * * * *

Replies to Minor Queries.

_Derivation of the Word "Island_" (Vol. viii., p. 49.).--I have received through the kindness of Hensleigh Wedgwood, Esq., a copy of the _Philological Journal_ for Feb. 21, 1851, in which my late observations on the etymology of the word _island_ are shown to be almost identical with his own, published more than two years ago, even the minutest particulars. His own surprise on seeing my remarks must have been at least as great as my own, on learning how singularly I had been anticipated; and those of your readers who will refer to the number of the journal in question, will be doubtless as much surprised as either of us.

This coincidence suggests two things: first, the truth of the etymology in question, secondly, the excellency of that spirit which (as in this instance) "thinketh no evil;" and, in so close a resemblance of ideas as that before us, rather than at once start a charge of plagiarism, will believe that it is possible for two persons, with similar habits of thought, to arrive at the same end, and that, too, by singularly identical means, when engaged on one and the same subject.

H. C. K.

---- Rectory, Hereford.

"_Paetus and Arria_" (Vol. viii., p. 219.).--As I have not observed a reply to the Query respecting the author of _Paetus and Arria_, a tragedy, I beg to state that the work was not written by a gentleman of the University of Cambridge, but by Mr. Nicholson, son of Mr. Nicholson, a well-known and highly respectable bookseller in Cambridge, in the early part of the present century. The young man, who, besides being unfailing in his attention to business, had a literary turn, and was attached to the fine arts, died in the prime of life. After his death, the poor father, with tears in his eyes, presented me with a copy of the tragedy. I am glad to record this testimony to the character of persons well known to me during several years.

[Greek: Martus Pistos].

"_That Swinney_" (Vol. viii, p. 213.).--I am well pleased with the manner in which T. S. J. has unearthed "that Swinney," if indeed, as is very probable, Sidney Swinney really was the man who interfered with _the great unknown_. It may not be impertinent to state that Sidney Swinney, who was of Clare Hall, Cambridge, became B.A. in 1744, M.A. in 1749, and D.D. (_per saltum_) in 1763. It may also be worth noting that a George Swinney, of the same college, became B.A. in 1767, and M.A. in 1770. This _George_ Swinney _may_ have been _Sidney_ Swinney's son, or his near relation; and _may_ have been the man who went to Lord G. Sackville in July, 1769; but I think this not likely. I will only observe farther that, in the "Graduati Cantabrigienses," {375} the names are spelled _Swiney_; but changes of this kind, by the parties themselves, are by no means uncommon.

The question, whether Swinney had ever _before_ spoken to Lord G. Sackville, remains unanswered, although Junius most probably made a mistake in that matter.

VALENTINE WESTON.

_The Six Gates of Troy_ (Vol. viii., p. 288.).--The passage of Dares relative to the gates of Troy describes the deeds of Priam on succeeding to the throne:

"Priamus ut Ilium venit, minime moram fecit, ampliora moenia exstruxit, et civitatem munitissimam reddidit.... Regiam quoque aedificavit, et ibi Jovi Statori aram consecravit. Hectorem in Paeoniam misit, Ilio portas fecit, quarum haec sunt nomina: Antenorea, Dardania, Ilia, Scaea, Thymbraea, Trojana. Deinde, postquam Ilium stabilitum vidit, tempus expectavit."--Chap. 4.

It will be observed that these six names correspond with the six names in Shakspeare, except that Shakspeare, following some ignorant transcriber, substitutes _Chetas_ for _Scaean_.

The work, consisting of forty-four short chapters, which has come down to us under the title of _De Excidio Trojae Historia_, by Dares Phrygius, is a pseudonymous production, which cannot be placed earlier than the fifth or sixth century. See the preface to the edition of Dederick, Bonnae, 1835; or the article "Dares," by Dr. Schmitz, in Dr. Smith's _Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography_. Other writers spoke of _four_ gates of Troy. (See Heyne, _Exc._ XIV. _ad AEn._ II.)

L.

_Milton's Widow_ (Vol. vii., p. 596.; Vol. viii., pp. 12. 134. 200.).--Having noticed several Queries and Replies in your pages concerning the family of the poet Milton's third wife, I beg to give the following extracts from a pamphlet printed by Pullan of Chester so recently as 1851, entitled _Historical Facts connected with Nantwich and its Neighbourhood_:

"In that same year (1662), Milton was received at _Stoke Hall as the husband of Elizabeth Minshull_, _the grand-daughter of Geoffrey Minshull_."--P. 50. "Not far from the Hall, where Milton was _once a welcome visitor_, stands the Yew Tree House."

There can be little doubt the author of the pamphlet referred to derived the information on which those statements were made from an _authentic source_; and if so, it seems pretty clear, the _Elizabeth Minshull_ whom Milton married was _grand-daughter of Geoffrey Minshull of Stoke Hall_.

T. P. L.

Manchester.

_Boom_ (Vol. vii., p. 620.; Vol. viii., p. 183.).--The Bittern is not an uncommon bird in some parts of Wales, where it is very expressively called _Aderyn-y-Bwn_ (the Boom-bird), or _Bwmp-y-Gors_ (Boom of the Fen): the _w_ is pronounced as double _o_.

W. R. D. S.

"_Nugget_" _not an American Term_ (Vol. vii. _passim_).--It is a mistake in our correspondent to suppose that the word "nugget" was used in California by American "diggers" to denominate a lump of gold. That word was never heard of in this country until after the discoveries in Australia. It is not used now in California, "lump" is the proper term; and when a miner accumulates a quantity, he boasts of his "pile," or rejoices in the possession of a "pocket full of rocks."

[Old English W].

Philadelphia.

_Soke Mill_ (Vol. viii., p. 272.).--Suit is not now enforced to the King's Mills in the manor of Wrexham, in the county of Denbigh, but the lessee of the manorial rights of the crown receives a payment at the rate of threepence per bushel for all the malt ground in hand-mills within the limits of the manor.

TAFFY.

_Binometrical Verse_ (Vol. viii., p. 292.).--This verse appeared in the _Athenaeum_ (Sept. 2, 1848, No. 1088, p. 883.), given by one correspondent as having been previously forwarded by another; but it does not appear to have been previously published.

M.

_Watch-paper Inscription_ (Vol. viii., p. 316.).--Twenty-five years ago this inscription was set to music, and was popular in private circles. The melody was moderately good, and the "monitory pulse-like beating" of course was acted, perhaps over-acted, in the accompaniment. I am not sure it was printed, but the fingers of young ladies produced a great many copies. Your correspondent's version is quite accurate, and I think he must have heard it sung, as well as read it. _Segnius irritant_, &c. is not true of what is read as opposed to what is heard with music.

M.

_Dotinchem_ (Vol. viii., p. 151.).--Dotinchem appears to be the place which is called _Deutichem_ in the map of the Netherlands and Belgian, published by the Useful Knowledge Society in 1843, and _Deutekom_ in the map of the kingdom of the Netherlands, published by the same society in 1830. Moreri spells the name _Dotechem_, _Dotekom_, and _Dotekum_. It is situated on the Yssel, south-east of Doesburg.

B. J.

_Reversible Names and Words_ (Vol. viii., p. 244.).--I cannot call to mind any such _propria mascula_: but I think I can cast a doubt on your correspondent's crotchet. Surely our _civic_ authorities (not even excepting the _Mayor_) are veritable males, though sometimes deserving the _sobriquet_ of "old women." Surveyors, builders, carpenters, {376} and bricklayers are the only persons who use the _level_. On board ship, it is the males who professionally attend at the _poop_. Our foreign-looking friend _rotator_, at once suggestive of certain celebrated personages in the lower house, is by termination masculine; and such members, in times of political probation, never fail to show themselves _evitative_ rather than plucky.

But some words are reversible in sense as well as in orthography. If a man _draw_ "on" me, I should be to blame if at least I did not _ward_ "off" the blow. Whom should we _repel_ sooner than the _leper_? Who will _live_ hereafter, if he be a doer of _evil_? We should always seek to _deliver_ him who is being _reviled_. Even Shakspeare was aware of the fact, that it is a _God_ who breeds magots in a dead _dog_ (vide _Hamlet_). "Cum multis aliis." The art of composing palindromes is one, at least, as instructive as, and closely allied to, that of _de_-ciphering. If any one calls the compositions in question "trash," I cannot better answer than in palindrome, _Trash? even interpret Nineveh's art!_ for the deciphering of the cuneiform character is both a respectable and a useful exercise of ingenuity. The English language, however, is not susceptible of any great amount of palindromic compositions. The Latin is, of all, the best adapted for that fancy. I append an inscription for a hospital, which is a paraphrase of a verse in the Psalms:

"Acide me malo, sed non desola me, medica."

I doubt whether such compositions should ever be characterised by the term _sotadic_. Sotadic verses were, I believe, restricted to indecent love-songs.

C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY.

Birmingham.

_Detached Church Towers_ (Vol. vii. _passim_; Vol. viii., p. 63.).--At Morpeth, in Northumberland, the old parish church stands on an eminence at the distance of a mile from the town. In the market-place is a square clock tower, the bells in which are used for ordinary parochial purposes.

At Kirkoswald, in Cumberland, where the church stands low, the belfry has been erected on an adjoining hill.

E. H. A.

_Bishop Ferrar_ (Vol. viii., p. 103.).--Bishop Ferrar, martyred in Queen Mary's reign, was not of the same family with the Ferrers, Earl of Derby and Nottingham. Was your correspondent led to think so from the fact of the martyr having been originally a bishop of the Isle of Man?

A LINEAL DESCENDANT OF THE MARTYR.

Cambridge.

"_They shot him by the nine stone rig_" (Vol. viii., p. 78.).--This fragmentary ballad is to be found in the _Border Minstrelsy_. It was contributed by R. Surtees of Mainsforth, co. Durham, and described by him as having been taken down from the recitation of Anne Douglas, an old woman who weeded in his garden. It is however most likely that it is altogether factitious, and Mr. Surtees' own production, Anne Douglas being a pure invention.

The ballad called "The Fray of Haltwhistle," a portion of which, "How the Thirlwalls and the Ridleys a'," &c., is interwoven with the text in the first canto of _Marmion_, is generally understood to have been composed by Mr. Surtees. He, however, succeeded in palming it upon Scott as a genuine old ballad; and states that he had it from the recitation of an ancient dame, mother of one of the miners of Alston Moor. Scott's taste for old legends and ballads was certainly not too discriminating, or he would never have swallowed "The Fray of Haltwhistle." Perhaps he suspected its authenticity, for he says of it:

"Scantily Lord Marmion's ear could brook The harper's barbarous lay."

T. D. RIDLEY.

_Punning Devices_ (Vol. viii., p. 270.).--In the 4th volume of Surtees' _History of Durham_, p. 48., there is an account of the Orchard Chamber in Sledwish Hall:

"In the centre is a shield of the arms of Clopton; being two coats quarterly, a lion rampant and a cross _pattee fitchee_; over all, a crescent for difference.[1] On two other shields, impressed from one mould, are the initials E. C., the date 1584, and a _tun_ with a rose _clapt on_."[2]

OLD GRUMBLEUM.

[Footnote 1: This note says the arms are reversed, being impressed from a mould.]

[Footnote 2: "The crest of Clopton is a falcon _clapping_ his wings, and rising from a tun; and I verily believe the rose _clapt on_ to be the miserable quibble intended."]

_Ashman's Park_--_Wingfield's Portrait_ (Vol. viii., p. 299.).-Could any correspondent in Suffolk inform me if Ashman's Park has been sold; and if the pictures are anywhere to be found, especially that of Sir Anthony Wingfield? The communication of H. C. K. relative to the above subject is very interesting.

Q.

"_Crowns have their compass_," _&c._ (Vol. iv., p. 428.).--In the well-known lines attributed to Shakspeare, and quoted in the above volume, the third stands thus:

"Of more than earth can earth make none partaker."

I find that Quarles has borrowed this in his _Emblems_, book i. Emblem vi.:

"Of more than earth can earth make none possest."

HENRY H. BREEN.

St. Lucia.

{377}

_Ampers_ & (Vol. ii., pp.230. 284.; Vol. viii., pp. 173. 223. 284.).--Allow me to thank both [Phi]. and MR. HENRY WALTER for their replies to my Query; but I am unhappily no wiser than MR. LOWER was after [Phi].'s first response. What on earth "et-per-se" or "and-per-se-and" can mean, I am at a loss to imagine. Why should _et_ be called "_et_ by itself?" Until this Query is answered, I am as much in the dark as ever. While I am upon the matter, I would farther ask this mysterious _Ampers and_, "who gave thee that name?" May it find a proxy to answer for it!

C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY.

Birmingham.

The origin of this expression is, explained in Vol. ii., p. 318. With regard to the orthography of the word, it seems to me that, if the etymon be followed, it ought to be written _and-per-se-and_; if the pronunciation, _ampussy and_.

L.

_Throwing Old Shoes for Luck_ (Vol. vii., p. 411.).--There is an old rhyme still extant, which gives an early date to this singular custom:

"When Britons bold, Wedded of old, Sandals were backward thrown, The pair to tell, That, ill or well The act was all their own."

An octogenarian of my acquaintance informs me that he heard himself thus anathematised when, leaving his native village with his bride, he refused to comply with the extortionate demands of an Irish beggar:

"Then it's bad luck goes wid yer, For my shoe I toss, An ye niver come back, 'Twill be no great loss."

CHARLES REED.

_Ennui_ (Vol. vii., p. 478.).--It is a curious fact that in _English_, properly so called, we have no word to express this certainly un-English sensation, which we are obliged to borrow from our friends across the channel. _They_ repay themselves with "comfortable," which is quite as characteristically wanting in their vocabulary: so they lose nothing by the exchange. Were we disposed to supply the gaps in our language, by using our own native words (which is much to be desired), we might find a sufficient (and I believe the only) synonyme in the Bedfordshire folk-word _unked_: at any rate, it is near enough for us, for we neither require the word nor the feeling it is meant to designate.

E. S. TAYLOR.

* * * * *

Miscellaneous.

BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.

FORD'S HANDBOOK OF SPAIN. Vol. I.

AUSTIN CHEIRONOMIA.

REV. E. IRVING'S ORATIONS ON DEATH, JUDGMENT, HEAVEN, AND HELL.

THOMAS GARDENER'S HISTORY OF DUNWICH.

MARSH'S HISTORY OF HURSLEY AND BADDESLEY. About 1805. 8vo. Two Copies.

NICEPHORUS CATENA ON THE PENTATEUCH.

PROCOPIUS GAZAEUS.

WATT'S BIBLIOGRAPHIA BRITANNICA. Parts V. and VI.

CARLYLE'S CHARTISM. Crown 8vo. 2nd Edition.

THE BUILDER, No. 520.

OSWALLI CROLLII OPERA. 12mo. Geneva, 1635.

GAFFARELL'S UNHEARD-OF CURIOSITIES. Translated by Chelmead. London. 12mo. 1650.

PAMPHLETS.

JUNIUS DISCOVERED. By P. T. Published about 1789.

REASONS FOR REJECTING THE EVIDENCE OF MR. ALMON, &c. 1807.

ANOTHER GUESS AT JUNIUS. Hookham. 1809.

THE AUTHOR OF JUNIUS DISCOVERED. Longmans. 1821.

THE CLAIMS OF SIR P. FRANCIS REFUTED. Longmans. 1822.

WHO WAS JUNIUS? Glynn. 1837.

SOME NEW FACTS, &c., by Sir F. Dwarris. 1850.

*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.

* * * * *

Particulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent direct to the gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose names and addresses are given for that purpose:

POINTER'S BRITANNIA ROMANA. Oxford, 1724.

POINTER'S ACCOUNT OF A ROMAN PAVEMENT AT STUNSFIELD, OXON. Oxford, 1713.

ROMAN STATIONS IN BRITAIN. London, 1726.

A SURVEY OF ROMAN ANTIQUITIES IN SOME MIDLAND COUNTIES. London, 1726.

Wanted by _Rev. J. W. Hewett_, Bloxham, Banbury.

* * * * *

THEOBALD'S SHAKSPEARE RESTORED. 4to. 1726.

G. MACROPEDII, HECASTUS, FABULA. Antwerp, 1539. 8vo.

G. MACROPEDII, FABULAE COMICAE. 2 Tom. 8vo. Utrecht, 1552.

Wanted by _William J. Thoms_, 25. Holywell Street, Millbank, Westminster.

* * * * *

INDICATIONS OF SPRING, by Robt. Marsham, Esq., F.R.S.

THE VILLAGE CURATE, by Hurdis.

CALENDAR OF FLORA, by Stillingfleete.

Wanted by _J. B. Whitborne_, 54. Russell Terrace, Leamington.

* * * * *

Notices to Correspondents.

BOOKS WANTED. _We believe that gentlemen in want of particular books, either by way of loan or purchase, would find great facilities in obtaining them if their names and addresses were published, so that parties having the books might communicate directly with those who want them. Acting on this belief, we shall take advantage of the recent alteration in the law respecting advertisements, and in future, where our Correspondents desire to avail themselves of this new arrangement, shall insert their names and addresses--unless specially requested not to do so._

ALL COMMUNICATIONS _should be addressed to the Editor_, _to the care of_ Mr. Bell, 186. Fleet Street. _They should be_ distinctly _written_; _and care should be taken that all Quotations are copied with accuracy_: _and in all cases of References to Books the editions referred to should be specified_. _Every distinct subject should form a separate communication_; _all inquiries respecting communications forwarded for insertion should specify the subjects of such communications_.

ARTERUS (Dublin) _has not replied to our inquiry as to the book from which he has transcribed the Latin verses which form the subject of his Query_.

OUR PROSPECTUS _has been reprinted at the suggestion of several Correspondents_, _and we shall be happy to forward copies to any friends who may desire to assist us by circulating them_.

SEMPER PARATUS. _We cannot afford the information desired. Out Correspondent would probably be more successful on application to the editor of the paper referred to._

{378}

J. R. (Bangor), _who inquires respecting_ Vox Populi Vox Dei, _is informed that the proverb is found in_ William of Malmesbury; _and is referred for its history to_ "N. & Q." Vol. i., pp. 370. 419. 492.; Vol. iii., pp. 288. 381.; _and M. Cornewall Lewis'_ Essay on the Influence of Authority in Matters of Opinion, p. 172.

S. A. S. _is thanked. His hint will not be lost sight of._

A. Z. _We have received a_ Pedigree of the Reynolds Family _for this Correspondent; where shall it be sent_?

_We are compelled to postpone until next week our_ NOTES ON BOOKS, _and_ REPLIES _to several other Correspondents_.

"NOTES AND QUERIES," Vols. i. _to_ vii., _price Three Guineas and a Half_.--_Copies are being made up and may be had by order._

"NOTES AND QUERIES," _is published at noon on Friday, so that the Country Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels, and deliver them to their Subscribers on the Saturday_.

* * * * *

TO ALL WHO HAVE FARMS OR GARDENS.

THE GARDENERS CHRONICLE AND AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE.

(The Horticultural Part edited by PROF. LINDLEY.)

Of Saturday, October 8, contains Articles on

Agriculture, Swiss, by Mr. Brown Agricultural progress ---- statistics Aphides, to kill, by Mr. Creed Asparagus, French Berberry blight Birds, instinct of, by the Rev. F. F. Statham Books noticed Bouyardias, scarlet British Association Calendar, horticultural ---- agricultural Camellia culture Charlock Corn averages and rents, by Mr. Willich Cuttings, to strike Diastema quinquevulnerum Draining clay Fibre, woody Fork, Mr. Mechi's steel Forking machine Hedges, ornamental Hitcham Horticultural Society Holly tree, by Mr. Brown Machines, forking Manure, liquid, and irrigation, by Mr. Mechi National Floricultural Society Nectarine, Stanwick, by Mr. Cramb Nymphaea gigantea, by M. Van Houtte Peas, late Pig farming Plants, woody fibre of ---- striking bedding ---- new Poultry shows Rents, and corn averages, by Mr. Willich Rye-grass, Italian Sinodendron cylindricum (with engraving) Statistics, agricultural Steam culture Village Horticultural Society Ward's (Mr.) garden Warrea quadrata Wheat, seed ---- sowing Wheel, when is it a lever Winter, tokens of Woody fibre

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE AND AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE contains, in addition to the above, the Covent garden, Mark Lane, Smithfield, and Liverpool prices, with returns from the Potato, Hop, Hay, Coal, Timber, Bark, Wool and Seed Markets, and a _complete Newspaper, with a condensed account of all the transactions of the week_.

ORDER of any Newsvender. OFFICE for Advertisements, 5. Upper Wellington Street, Covent Garden, London.

* * * * *

PHOTOGRAPHY.--Crystallised Nitrate of Silver, 4s. per oz. in bottle. All other Photographic Chemicals at greatly reduced prices, and labelled with Tests.

Orders addressed prepaid to JOHN THOMAS, 19. Chapel Street, Brixton Road, Surrey, delivered Free within Ten miles. Not a Shop. List sent on receipt of Stamp.

* * * * *

CYANOGEN SOAP for removing all kinds of Photographic Stains.

Beware of purchasing spurious and worthless imitations of this valuable detergent. The genuine is made only by the inventor, and is secured with a red label pasted round each pot, bearing this signature and address:--

RICHARD W. THOMAS, Chemist, Manufacturer of pure Photographic Chemicals, 10. Pall Mall, and may be procured of all respectable Chemists in pots at 1s., 2s., and 3s. 6d. each, through MESSRS. EDWARDS, 67. St. Paul's Churchyard, and MESSRS. BARCLAY & CO., Farringdon Street, Wholesale Agents.

* * * * *