Chapter 5

The folio Bible lastly described by your correspondent is _not_ "so great a curiosity" as family tradition maintained. The annotations "placed in due order" are merely the Genevan notes.--See {535} the Archdeacon of Cashel's very accurate and excellent work, _Editions of the Bible, and Parts thereof, in English_, p. 75.: Oxford, 1852.

R. G.

_Westminster Parishes_ (Vol. vii., p. 454.).--In 1630 the City and Liberties of Westminster contained the churches of St. Margaret, St. Martin-in-the-Fields, St. Clement Danes, and St. John Baptist Savoy.

The registers of burials, marriages, and christenings, of St. Margaret's Church, began January 1, 1538.

The Fire of London did not destroy any church in Westminster.

MACKENZIE WALCOTT, M.A.

_Hevristic_ (Vol. vii., p. 237.).--The term _hevristisch_, in the first edition of the translation of Kant's _Critik_, is not given in the vocabulary appended to the translation; but under the word _ostensiv_ it is stated that in its meaning it stands opposed to the word _euristic_ (_hevristisch_ in German). But in the second edition, published in 1818, it is remarked, under the words _evristic_, _euristic_, _hevristisch_, that the term should, in Sir Wm. Hamilton's opinion, be _euretic_ or _heuretic_; the word _hevristisch_ being an error of long standing in German philosophy. The derivation of _euretic_ would be from [Greek: heuretikos].

In Tissot's translation, _hevristisch_ is rendered by _heuristique_; in Mantovani's, by _evristico_; in Born's, by _heuristicus_. In Krug's _Lexicon_, _hevristik_ is given as derived from [Greek: heuriskô, heurein]. The _hevristic_ method, Krug remarks, is also called the _analytical_. It may be added, that in the first edition of the _Critik_ (Riga, 1781), the word is _hevristisch_. In the fourth edition (Riga, 1794), published also in Kant's lifetime, it is _hevristisch_. In Rosenkranz's edition (Leipzig, 1838), the word is changed into _heuristisch_; and also, in another edition of the same year, published also at Leipzig, it is written _heuristisch_, and not _hevristisch_.

In respect to the Leipzig edition of 1818, which is that now before me, the term _hevristisch_, in speaking of _hevristich_ principles, is particularly alluded to. (See page 512. line 10.) I do not find, after a hasty inspection, this word changed, in any of the editions I possess, to _empirisch_.

FRANCIS HAYWOOD.

Liverpool.

_Creole_ (Vol. vii., p. 381.).--The word appears to be a French form of the Spanish _criollo_, which in the dictionary of Nuñez de Taboada is defined, "El hijo de padres Europeos nacido en America;" whilst in the old dictionary of Stevens (1726) it is translated, "Son of a Spaniard and a West India woman." In Brande's _Dictionary of Science_, &c. Creole is said to mean the descendants of whites born in Mexico, South America, or the West Indies, the blood remaining unmixed with that of other races, &c.

Von Tschudi says, that in South America the Spaniards apply the term _Creole_ not only to the human race, but also to horses, bullocks, and even to poultry.

A. C. M.

Exeter.

_General Monk and the University of Cambridge_ (Vol. vii., pp. 427. 486.).--LEICESTRIENSIS begs to thank MR. C. H. COOPER and MR. J. P. ORD for their replies to his Query on this subject. He avails himself of this, the earliest opportunity, of assuring MR. ORD of his readiness to afford him what slight information is in his power respecting the MS. in question (which only came into his possession within the last two or three months), if he will communicate with him as below.

WILLIAM KELLY.

Town Hall, Leicester.

_Ecclesia Anglicana_ (Vol. ii., pp. 12. 440.).--I am much obliged to your correspondent W. FRASER for his answer to my Query, and the references with which he supplies me. I shall be glad to ask a still more extensive question, which will probably explain the object of the former more limited one. Is it _usual_, in any of the unreformed branches of the church on the continent, to find a similar appellation (implying distinct nationality) employed in authoritative documents, _e.g._ would it be possible to find in the title-pages of any Missal, &c., such words as "in usum Ecclesiæ Hispanicæ, Lusitanæ, Gallicanæ?" If not now, was it more customary in mediæval times, and when did it cease?

Should we be justified in saying, that at _every_ period of her existence, with rare exceptions, the _Anglican church_, consciously or unconsciously, maintained the theory of her nationality with greater distinctness than any of the continental churches? I fancy I have heard, though I cannot state on what authority, that this assertion might be made most truly of the Portuguese church, and should be very glad to have any light thrown on the subject by your able correspondent. Certain it is, that amongst the various complaints made against Cardinal Wiseman and the Papal aggressors, it has never been laid to their charge, that they arrogated to themselves the title of members of the _Anglican church_.

G. R. M.

_Gibbon's Library_ (Vol. vii., p. 485.).--In 1838 I purchased some of Gibbon's books at Lausanne, out of a basketful on sale at a small shop, the depôt of the Religious Tract Society! Edward Gibbon, printed on a small slip of paper, was pasted in them.

A. HOLT WHITE.

_Golden Bees_ (Vol. vii., p. 478.).--When the tomb of Childeric, father of Clovis, was opened in 1653, there were found, besides the skeletons of his horse and page, his arms, crystal orb, &c., {536} "more than three hundred little bees of the purest gold, their wings being inlaid with a red stone like cornelian."

CERIDWEN.

_Passage in Orosius_ (Vol. vii., p. 399.).--May not the "twam tyncenum," between which Cyrus the Great's officer attempted to cross a river, be the inflated skins which the Arabs still use, as the ancient inhabitants of Assyria did, for crossing the Tigris and Euphrates, and of which the Nimroud sculptures give so many illustrations?

CERIDWEN.

_Names first given to Parishes_ (Vol. iv., p. 153.).--I wish to repeat this Query in another form, and particularly in reference to the termination _-by_. I suspect that wherever a cluster of villages, like that given by F. B., occurs with this Danish suffix, it is a proof that the district was originally a colony of Danes. The one in which I reside (the hundreds of Flegg), from its situation is particularly likely to have been so. Its original form was evidently that of a large island in the estuary of the Yare, which formed numerous inlets in its shores; and this was flanked on each aisle by a Roman garrison, one the celebrated fortress of Garianonum, now Burgh Castle, and the other Caistor-next-Yarmouth, in which a camp, burying-ground, &c., besides its name, sufficiently attest its Roman origin. The two hundreds of Flegg, (or Fleyg, as appears on its common seal) comprise twenty villages, thirteen of which terminate in _-by_. These are Ormesby, Hemesby, Filby, Mauteby, Stokesby, Herringby, Thrigby, Billockby, Ashby or Askeby, Clippesby, Rollesby, Oby, and Scratby or Scroteby.

Professor WORSAAE, I believe, considers Ormesby to have been originally Gormsby, _i.e._ Gorm's or Guthrum's village, but I have not his work at hand to refer to. Thrigby, or Trigby as it is vernacularly pronounced, and Rollesby, may take their names from Trigge or Tricga, and Rollo, names occurring in Scandinavian history. I should feel obliged if Professors WORSAAE and STEPHENS, or other Scandinavian antiquaries and scholars, would kindly inform me if my surmises are correct, and if the rest of the names may be similarly derived. I should add that Stokesby fully hears out the suggestion of C. (Vol. v., p. 161.), as there is even now a ferry over the Bure at that point. The district is entirely surrounded by rivers and extensive tracts of marshes, and intersected by large inland lakes, locally termed "Broads," which undoubtedly were all comprised in the estuary, and which would form safe anchorages for the long galleys of the Northmen.

E. S. TAYLOR.

Ormesby, St. Margaret, Norfolk.

_Grafts and the Parent Tree_ (Vol. vii., p. 436.).--In order to insure the success of grafts, it is material that they be inserted on congenial stocks: delicate-growing fruits require dwarf-growing stocks; and free luxuriant-growing trees require strong stocks. To graft scions of delicate wooded trees on strong stocks, occasions an over-supply of sap to the grafts; and though at first they seem to flourish, yet they do not endure. A few examples of this sort may lead to an opinion, that "grafts, after some fifteen years, wear themselves out;" but the opinion is not (generally speaking) well founded. I have for many years grafted the old _Golden Pippin_ on the _Paradise_ or _Doucin_ stock, and found it to answer very well, and produce excellent fruit. Taunton has long been famous for its _Nonpareils_, which are there produced in great excellence and abundance. The Cornish _Gilliflower_, one of our very best apples, was well known in the time of King Charles I.; and, as yet, shows no symptoms of decay: that fruit requires a strong stock.

The ancient _Ribston Pippin_ was a seedling:

"It has been doubted by some, whether the tree at Ribston Hall was an original from the seed: the fact of its not being a grafted tree has been satisfactorily ascertained by Sir Henry Goodricke, the present proprietor, by causing suckers from its root to be planted out--which have set the matter at rest that it was not a grafted tree. One of these suckers has produced fruit in the Horticultural Garden at Chiswick."--Lindley's _Guide to the Orchard and Kitchen Garden_, 1831, p. 81.

J. G.

Exon.

_Lord Cliff and Howell's Letters_ (Vol. vii., p. 455.).--The Lord Cliff, as to whom your correspondent inquires, and to whom James Howell addresses some of his letters, is intended for Henry Lord Clifford, and afterwards, on the decease of his father, fifth and last Earl of Cumberland. He died in December, 1643. Amongst the many republications of modern times, I regret that we have no new edition, with illustrative notes, of Howell's _Letters_. It is the more necessary, as one at least of the later editions of this most entertaining book is very much abridged and mutilated.

JAMES CROSSLEY.

Y. S. M. asks "Who was Lord Cliff?" He might as well have added, "Who was Lord Viscount Col, Sir Thomas Sa, or End. Por?" who also figure in _Epistolæ Ho-Elianiæ_. Had he looked over that entertaining book more attentively, Y. S. M. would have seen that all these were mere contractions of Howell's correspondents, Lord Clifford, Lord Colchester, Sir Thomas Savage, and Endymion Porter.

J. O.

_The Bouillon Bible_ (Vol. vii., p. 296.).--H. W., who was good enough to answer my Query respecting Philip D'Auvergne, has probably seen that the Bible of which he inquires has turned up. {537} It seems to have been pawned (if I rightly understand the report in the newspapers) to a Mr. Broughton of the Foreign Office, who had advanced money to the prince to enable him to prosecute his claim to the dukedom. It has now been ordered by Vice-Chancellor Sir W. P. Wood to be offered for sale as part of Mr. Broughton's estate, for the benefit of that gentleman's creditors. It was stated in court, that on a former occasion, when the late Archbishop of Canterbury wished to purchase it, 1500l. was asked for it. I was much obliged to H. W. for the information he gave me, as I took some little interest in Philip D'Auvergne from having heard that he was a friend of my grandfather. They were, I find, both of them officers in the Racehorse during Lord Mulgrave's discovery voyage to the North Pole.

E. H. A.

_Rhymes on Places_ (Vol. vii., p. 143.).--Northamptonshire:

"Armston on the hill, Polebrook in the hole, Ashton turns the mill, Oundle burns the coal."

Repeated to me by poor old drunken Jem White the sexton, many years since, when on the "battlements" of Oundle Church; Oundle being the market town for the three villages in the rhymes quoted.

BRICK.

_Serpents' Tongues_ (Vol. vi., p. 340.; Vol. vii., p. 316.).--May I be allowed to inform MR. PINKERTON that the sharks' teeth (fossils), now so frequently found imbedded in this tufa rock, and cheaply sold, are not known as "the tongues of vipers," but, on the contrary, from time immemorial, as the "tongues of St. Paul." In proof of this, I would refer MR. PINKERTON to the following extract, which I have taken from an Italian letter now in the Maltese Library; which was published on August 28, 1668, by Dr. Francis Buonamico, a native of this island, and addressed to Agostino Scilla of Messina. Page 5., the writer remarks:

"Che avanti de partire da questa isolde dovesse farle una raccolta di glossopietre, _O lingue come que le chiamiamo di S. Paolo_."

W. W.

Malta.

_Consecrated Roses, &c._ (Vol. vii., pp. 407. 480.).--An instance of the _Golden Rose_ being conferred on an English baron, will be found related in Davidson's _History of Newenham Abbey in the County of Devon_, p. 208.

J. D. S.

* * * * *

Miscellaneous.

NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.

That well-worn quotation, "who shall decide when doctors disagree," must, we should think, invariably suggest itself to the reader of every new book upon the subject of Shakspeare's text. A few months since MR. COLLIER gave to the world a volume of _Notes and Emendations from Early Manuscript Corrections in a Copy of the Folio 1632_[1], which was hailed by many, ourselves among the number, as a most valuable contribution to Shakspearian literature. From this favourable view of these manuscript emendations, many whose opinions upon such matters deserve the highest respect at once avowed their dissent; and we now find that we have to add to this number MR. SINGER, who has given us the result of his examination of them in a volume entitled _The Text of Shakspeare vindicated from the Interpolations and Corruptions advocated by John Payne Collier, Esq., in his Notes and Emendations_. No one can put forth higher claims to speak with authority on any points connected with Shakspeare than MR. SINGER, who has devoted a life to the study of his writings; and none can rise from a perusal of his book without recognising in it evidence of MR. SINGER'S fitness for editing the works of our great dramatist, and feeling anxious for his revised edition of them. But we think many will regret that, while pointing out the Notes and Emendations from which he dissents, MR. SINGER should not have noticed those which he regards with favour; and that, in his anxiety to vindicate the purity of Shakspeare's text from the anonymous emendator, he should have embodied that vindication in language, which, though we are quite sure it is unintentional on his part, gives his book almost a personal character, instead of one purely critical.

BOOKS RECEIVED.--_Records of the Roman Inquisition, Case of a Minorite Friar who was sentenced by S. Charles Borromeo to be walled up, and who, having escaped, was burned in effigy: edited, with an English Translation, Notes, &c., by_ Rev. Richard Gibbings. Published from one of the MSS. conveyed from Rome to Paris by order of Napoleon, at the close of the last century, as a challenge to the defenders of the papacy to acknowledge its truth, or to controvert it.--_The History of England from the Peace of Utrecht to the Peace of Versailles_, by Lord Mahon, Vol. III. The third volume of this new and cheaper edition of Lord Mahon's valuable history comprehends the period from 1740 to 1748.--_English Forests and Forest Trees; Historical, Legendary, and Descriptive, with numerous Illustrations._ This volume, one of the _Illustrated London Library_, is a pleasant chatty compilation on a subject which will interest many of our readers and correspondents by furnishing them with a series of notices of old forests, remarkable trees, &c., which have never before been gathered together.--_The Shakspeare Repository, edited by_ J. H. Fennell, No. II. The second part of this periodical, the only one exclusively devoted to the Elizabethan writers, contains, among other interesting articles, a long one on the medical practice of Shakspeare's son-in-law, Dr. John Hall.

[Footnote 1: Since this was written we have heard that MR. COLLIER has traced back the history of his Folio 1632 for upwards of a century.--ED.]

{538}

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_We are compelled to omit several interesting papers respecting Shakspeare which are in type, among which we may mention a notice of some drawings which are great interest._

W. T. WATTS (St. Ives), _who inquires respecting the literary history of_ Baron Munchausen, _is referred to our_ 2nd Vol., p. 519., _and our_ 3rd Vol., pp. 117. 305. 453.

G. P. (Offenburg) _Potatoes were most probably introduced into England by Sir W. Raleigh. Gerarde mentions them in his_ Herbal, _published in 1597_.

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"If Heaven be pleased."

URSULA. _We shall be glad of the "succinct refutation" proposed._

J. W. _There is a folio edition of Godwin_ De Præsulibus, _Canterbury, 1743, in which the original work is continued by Richardson._

J. R. (Sunderland) _is referred to Brockett's_ Glossary, _where he will find the etymology of_ stang, _from the Danish_ stang, _a pole or bar--or the Saxon_ steng; _and a full description of the ceremonies connected with_ Riding the stang.

FLORENCE _is thanked for her hint._

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