Chapter 5

This supposed derivation is by no means weakened by the fact, that miners and others have gone to the "diggins" from parts at no great distance from the last-mentioned district; and we may therefore, although the radical is pretty generally diffused over the kingdom, attribute its better known application to _them_.

It is no objection that the word, in many of its forms, is used of rough pieces of _wood_, as instances show that it merely refers to a _rudis indigestaque moles_ characteristic of any article in question.

FURVUS.

St. James's.

_Hibernis ipsis Hiberniores_ (Vol. vii., p. 260.).--This, which is no doubt the proper form, will be found in Southey's _Naval History of England_, vol. iv. p. 104., applied to "those of old English race who, having adopted the manners of the land, had become more Irish than the Irishry." The expression originally was applied to these persons in some proclamation or act of parliament, which I think is quoted in the _History of England_ in Lardner's _Cabinet Cyclopædia_: but that work has so bad an index as to make it very difficult to find any passage one may want. Probably Southey would mention the source whence he had it, in his collections for his _Naval History_ in his Commonplace Book.

E. G. R.

_The Passame Sares (mel. Passamezzo) Galliard_ (Vol. vi., pp. 311. 446.; Vol. vii., p. 216.).--Will you allow me to correct a mistake into which both the correspondents who have kindly answered my questions respecting this galliard seem to have fallen, perhaps misled by an ambiguity in my expression?

My inquiry was not intended to refer to _galliards in general_, the tunes of which, I am well aware, must have been very various, but to this _one_ galliard in particular; and was made with the view of ascertaining whether the air is ever played _at the present day_ during the representation of the Second Part of _King Henry IV._

C. FORBES.

Temple.

_Swedish Words current in England_ (Vol. ii., p. 231.).--I beg to inform your correspondent that the following words, which occur in his list, are pure Anglo-Saxon, bearing almost the same meaning {367} which he has attributed to them:--_wÿrm_; _by_, _bya_, to inhabit, _becc_; _dioful_; _dobl_, equivalent to _doalig_: _goepung_, a heap; _lacan_; _loppe_; _nebb_; _smiting_, contagion; _stæth_, a fixed basis.

_Eldon_ is Icelandic, from _elldr_, fire: hence we have "At slá elld úr tinnu," to strike fire from flint; which approaches very near to a tinder-box. _Ling_, Icel., the heath or heather plant: _ljung_ I take to be the same word. _Gat_, Icel. for way or opening; hence _strand-gata_, the opening of the strand or creek. _Tjarn_, _tiorn_, Icel., well exemplified in Malham Tarn in Craven.

C. I. R.

_Gotch_ (Vol. vi., p. 400.).--The _gotch cup_, described by W. R., must have been known in England before the coming of the present royal family, as it is given in Bailey's _Dictionary_ (1730) as a south country word: it is not likely to have become provincial in so short a time, nor its origin, if German, to have escaped the notice of old ~Philologos~. The A.-S. verb _geotan_ seems to have had the sense of to cast metals, as _giessen_ has in German. In Bosworth's _Anglo-Saxon Dictionary_ is _leadgota_, a plumber. In modern Dutch this is _lootgieter_. Thus, from _geotan_ is derived _ingot_ (Germ. _einguss_), as well as the following words in Halliwell's _Dictionary: yete_, to cast metals (_Pr. Parv._), _belleyetere_ and _bellyatere_, a bell-founder (_Pr. Parv._); _geat_, the hole through which melted metal runs into a mould; and _yote_, to pour in. Grose has _yoted_, watered, a west country word.

E. G. R.

_Passage in Thomson: "Steaming"_ (Vol. vii., pp. 87. 248.).--This word, and not _streaming_, is clearly the true reading (as is remarked by the former correspondents), and is so printed in the editions to which I am able to refer. The object of my Note is to point out a parallel passage in Milton, and to suggest that _steaming_ would there also be the proper reading:

"Ye mists and exhalations, that now rise, From hill or _streaming_ lake, dusky or gray, Till the sun paint your fleecy skirts with gold, In honour to the world's great Author, rise." _Paradise Lost_, Book v.

CUTHBERT BEDE, B.A.

[The reading is _steaming_ in the 1st edition of _Paradise Lost_, 1667.--ED.]

_The Word "Party"_ (Vol. vii., pp. 177. 247.).--The use of this word for a particular person is earlier than Shakspeare's time. It no doubt occurs in most of our earliest writers; for it is to be found in Herbert's _Life of Henry VIII._, in his translation of the "Centum Gravamina" presented to Pope Adrian in 1521, the 55th running thus:

"That, if one of the marryed couple take a journey either to the warres, or to perform a vow, to a farre countrey, they permit the _party_ remaining at home, if the other stay long away, upon a summe of money payd, to cohabite with another, not examining sufficiently whether the absent party were dead."

It may also be found in Exodus xxii. 9., where, though it occurs in the plural, it refers to two individuals:

"For all manner of trespass, whether it be for ox, for ass, for sheep, for raiment, or for any manner of lost thing, which another challengeth to be his, the cause of both _parties_ shall come before the judges; and whom the judges shall condemn, _he_ shall pay double unto his neighbour."

H. T. ELLACOMBE.

Clyst St. George.

_Curious Fact in Natural Philosophy_ (Vol. vii., p. 206.).--In reply to ELGINENSIS I send you a quotation from Dr. Golding Bird's _Natural Philosophy_ in explanation of this well-known phenomenon:

"One very remarkable phenomenon connected with the escape of a current of air under considerable pressure, must not be passed over silently. M. Clement Desormes (_Ann. de Phys. et Chim._, xxxvi. p. 69.) has observed, that when an opening, about an inch in diameter, is made in the side of a reservoir of compressed air, the latter rushes out violently; and if a plate of metal or wood, seven inches in diameter, be pressed towards the opening, it will, after the first repulsive action of the current of air is overcome, be apparently attracted, rapidly oscillating within a short distance of the opening, out of which the air continues to emit with considerable force. This curious circumstance is explained on the supposition, that the current of air, on escaping through the opening, expands itself into a thin disc, to escape between the plate of wood or metal, and side of the reservoir; and on reaching the circumference of the plate, draws after it a current of atmospheric air from the opposite side.... The plate thus balanced between these currents remains near the aperture, and apparently attracted by the current of air to which it is opposed."

Dr. G. B. then describes the experiment quoted by ELGINENSIS as "a similar phenomenon, and apparently explicable on similar principles." (Bird's _Nat. Phil._, p. 118.)

COKELY.

_Lowbell_ (Vol. vii., p. 272.).--I may add to the explanation of this word given by M. H., that _low_, derived from the Saxon _loeg_, is still commonly used in Scotland for a flame; hence the derivation of _lowbell_, for a mode of birdcatching by night, by which the birds, being awakened by the bell, are lured by the light into nets held by the fowlers. In the ballad of _St. George for England_, we have the following lines:

"As timorous larks amazed are With light and with a _lowbell_."

The term _lowbelling_ may therefore, from the noise, be fitly applied to the rustic _charivari_ described by H. T. W. (Vol. vii., p. 181.) as practised in Northamptonshire.

J. S. C.

{368} _Life and Correspondence of S. T. Coleridge_ (Vol. vii., p. 282.).--There can be but one opinion and feeling as to the want which exists for a really good biography of this intellectual giant; but there will be many dissentients as to the proposed biographer, whose life of Hartley Coleridge cannot be regarded as a happy example of this class of composition. A life from the pen of Judge Coleridge, the friend of Arnold and Whateley, is, we think, far more to be desired.

~Theta~.

_Coniger, &c._ (Vol. vii., pp. 182. 241.).--At one extremity, the picturesque range of hills which forms the noble background of Dunster Castle, co. Somerset, is terminated by a striking conical eminence, well-wooded, and surmounted by an embattled tower, erected as an object from the castle windows. This eminence bears the name of _The Coniger_, and is now a pheasant preserve. Mr. Hamper, in an excellent notice of Dunster and its antiquities, in the _Gentleman's Magazine_, October, 1808, p. 873., says:

"The _Conygre_, or rabbit-ground, was a common appendage to manor-houses."

Savage, however, in his _History of the Hundred of Carhampton_, p. 440., is of opinion that

"_Coneygar_ seems to be derived from the Anglo-Saxon _Cyning_, King; and the Moeso-Gothic _Garas_, the same as the Latin _Domus_, a house, that is, the king's house or residence. Mr. Hamper has some notion that _Conygre_ means a rabbit-ground, &c., but Mr. H. does not go high enough for his etymology; besides, how does it appear that a rabbit-ground was at any time an appendage to manor-houses? There is no authority for the assertion."

I give you this criticism on Mr. Hamper _valeat quantum_, but am disposed to think he is right. At all events there are no vestiges of any building on the Coniger except the tower aforesaid, which was erected by the present Mr. Luttrell's grandfather.

BALLIOLENSIS.

In the Irish language, _Cuinicear_, pronounced "Keenèkar," is a rabbit-warren. _Cuinin_ is the diminutive of _cu_, a dog of any sort; and from the Celtic _cu_, the Greeks took their word ~kyôn~, a dog. I am of opinion that the origin of rabbit is in the Celtic word _rap_, i. e. a creature that digs and burrows in the ground.

FRAS. CROSSLEY.

_Cupid crying_ (Vol. i., p. 172.).--I had no means (for reasons I need not now specify) of referring to my 1st Vol. of "N. & Q." until yesterday, for the pretty epigram given in an English dress by RUFUS and as the writer in the _Athenæum_, whose communication you quote on the same subject (Vol. i., p. 308.), observes "that the translator has taken some liberties with his text," I make no apology for sending you a much closer rendering, which hits off with great happiness the point and quaintness of the original, by a septuagenarian, whose lucubrations have already been immortalised in "N. & Q."

"DE CUPIDINE.

Cur natum cædit Venus? arcum perdidit, arcum Nunc quis habet? Tusco Flavia nata solo: Qui factum? petit hæc, dedit hic, nam lumine formæ Deceptus, matri se dari crediderat."

"CUPID CRYING.

Wherefore does Venus beat her boy? He has mislaid or lost his bow:-- And who retains the missing toy? Th' Etrurian Flavia. How so? She ask'd: he gave it; for the child, Not e'en suspecting any other, By beauty's dazzling light beguil'd, Thought he had given it to his mother."

F. T. J. B.

_Westminster Assembly of Divines_ (Vol. vii., p. 260.).--Dr. Lightfoot's interesting and valuable "Journal of the Assembly of Divines," from January 1, 1643, to December 31, 1644, will be found in the last volume of the edition of his _Works_, edited by Pitman, and published at London, 1825, in 13 vols. 8vo. I believe a few copies of the 13th volume were printed to be sold separately.

The MS. Journal in three thick folio volumes, preserved in Dr. Williams's library, Redcross Street, London, is attributed to Dr. Thomas Goodwin.

A MS. Journal, by Geo. Gillespie, from Feb. 2, 1644, to Oct. 25, 1644, in 2 vols., is in the Advocates' Library, Edinburgh.

The Rev. W. M. Hetherington published a tolerably impartial _History of the Westminster Assembly_, Edinburgh, 1843, 12mo.

The most important work, as throwing light upon the proceedings of the Assembly, is the _Letters and Journals of Robert Baillie_. The only complete edition of these interesting documents is that edited by David Laing, Esq., and published in 3 vols. royal 8vo., 1841-2.

JOHN I. DREDGE.

MR. STANSBURY will find the "Journal of the Assembly of Divines," by Lightfoot, in the new edition of his _Works_, vol. xiii. pp. 5. _et seq._ Some further light is thrown upon the subject by a parliamentary paper, printed "for the service of both Houses and the Assembly of Divines." A copy of it is preserved in our University library (Ff. xiv. 25.). I have referred to both these documents in _A History of the Articles, &c._, pp. 208-9.

C. HARDWICK.

St. Catharine's Hall, Cambridge.

The Journal kept by Lightfoot will be found in the 13th volume of his _Works_, as edited by the Rev. J. R. Pitman: London, 1825, 8vo. It should be studied by all those who desire to see a revived Convocation.

S. R. M.

{369} _Epigrams_ (Vol. vii., pp. 175. 270.).--"Suum cuique" being a principle which holds good with regard to literary property as well as to property of every other description, I can inform your correspondent BALLIOLENSIS that the epigram on Dr. Toe, which he says was "represented to have proceeded from the pen of Thomas Dunbar, of Brasenose," was in reality the production of my respected neighbour, the Rev. William Bradford, M.A., rector of Storrington, Sussex. It was written by that gentleman when he was an undergraduate of St. John's College, Oxford. BALLIOLENSIS may rely upon the accuracy of this information, as I had it from Mr. Bradford's own lips only yesterday. The correct version of the epigram is that given by SCRAPIANA, p. 270.

R. BLAKISTON.

Ashington, Sussex.

"_God and the world_" (Vol. vii., pp. 134. 297.).--These lines are found, as quoted by W. H., in Coleridge's _Aids to Reflection_, p. 87., ed. 1831. Coleridge gives them as the words of a sage poet of the preceding generation (meaning, I suppose, the generation preceding that of Archbishop Leighton, a passage from whose works he has introduced as an aphorism just before). I have often wondered who this poet was, and whether the last line were really a quotation from _Macbeth_, or whether Shakspeare and the unknown poet had both but borrowed a popular saying. I also had my suspicions that Coleridge himself might have patched the verses a little; and the communication of your correspondent RT., tracing the lines in their original form to the works of Fulke Greville Lord Brooke, now verifies his conjecture. It may be worth while to point out another instance of this kind of manufacture by the same skilful hand. In the first volume of _The Friend_ (p. 215., ed. 1818), Coleridge places at the head of an essay a quotation of two stanzas from Daniel's _Musophilus_. The second, which precedes in the original that which Coleridge places first, is thus given by him:

"_Since writings_ are the veins, the arteries, And undecaying life-strings of those hearts, That still shall pant and still shall exercise _Their mightiest powers when Nature none imparts; And the strong constitution of their praise Wear out the infection of distemper'd days_."

Daniel wrote as follows (vol. ii. p. 373., ed. 1718):

"_For these lines_ are the veins, the arteries And undecaying life-strings of those hearts, That still shall pant and still shall exercise _The motion spirit and nature both imparts, And still with those alive so sympathize, As nourish'd with their powers, enjoy their parts_."

C. W. G.

_Skating Problem_ (Vol. vii., p. 284.).--The Query of your correspondent recalls the one said to have been put by King James to the members of the Royal Society: "How is it," said the British Solomon, "that if two buckets of water be equipoised in a balance, and a couple of live bream be put into one of them, the bucket containing the fish does not overweigh the other?" After some learned reasons had been adduced by certain of the philosophers, one of them said, "Please your Majesty, that bucket would be heavier by the exact weight of the fish." "Thou art right," said the sapient king; "I did not think there had been so much sense among you." Now, although I do not mean to say that A SKATER propounds for elucidation what he knows to be a fallacy, yet I do assert that he is mistaken as to the fact alleged. He recommends any one who is "incredulous" to make the trial--in which case, the experimenter would undoubtedly find himself in the water! I advise an appeal to common sense and philosophy: the former will show that a person in skates is not lighter than another; the latter, that ice will not fracture less readily beneath the weight of an individual raised on a pair of steel edges, than one on a pair of flat soles--_all other circumstances being the same_; the reverse, indeed, would be the fact. The true explanation of the "problem" is to be found in the circumstance, that "a skater," rendered confident by the ease with which he _glides_ over ice on which _he_ could _not stand_, will often also "stand" securely on ice which would break under the restless feet of a person in his shoes only. This has always appeared to be the obvious reason for the apparent anomaly to one who is

NO SKATER.

_Parochial Libraries_ (Vol. vi., p. 432.).--Let me add to the list of parochial libraries that at Wendlebury, Oxon, the gift of Robert Welborn, rector, cir. 1760. It consists of about fifty volumes in folio, chiefly works of the Fathers, and, if I remember rightly, Benedictine editions. It was originally placed in the north transept of the church, but afterwards removed to the rectory. I believe that the books were intended for the use of the rector, but were to be lent to the neighbouring clergy on a bond being given for their restoration. After many years of sad neglect, this library was put into thorough order a few years ago by the liberality of the Rev. Jacob Ley, student of Ch. Ch.

CHEVERELLS.

* * * * *

MISCELLANEOUS.

NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.

BOOKS RECEIVED.--_Reynard the Fox, after the German Version of Goethe, with Illustrations, by J. Wolf._ Part IV. carries us on to _The Trial_, which is very ably rendered.--_Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, by various Writers_, edited by W. Smith. This Sixth Part, extending from _Cinabi_ to _Cyrrhestica_, contains {370} numerous interesting articles, such as _Constantinople_, which gives us an outline of Byzantine History, and _Corinth_, _Crete_, _Cyrene, &c._--Mr. Darling's _Cyclopædia Bibliographica_ has now reached its Seventh Part, and which extends from Dr. Abernethy Drummond to Dr. John Fawcett.--_The Journal of Sacred Literature_, No. VII., containing articles on _The Scythian Dominion in Asia_; _Modern Contributions to the Study of Prophecy_; _Heaven, Hell, Hades_; _Nature of Sin and its earliest Development_; _Life and Epistles of St. Paul_; _Slavery and the Old Testament_; _Biblical Criticism_; _Memphitic New Testament_; and its usual variety of Correspondence, Minor Notices, &c.--_Gentleman's Magazine for April_, which commences with an article on Mr. Collier's _Notes and Emendations to the Text of Shakspeare's Plays_.--Mr. Akerman, although the number of subscribers is not sufficient to cover the expenses, continues his _Remains of Pagan Saxondum_. The Fourth Part just issued contains coloured plates, the full size of the respective objects, of a _Fibula from a Cemetery_ at Fairford, Gloucester; and of _Fibulæ, Tweezers, &c._ from Great Driffield, Yorkshire.

* * * * *

BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES

WANTED TO PURCHASE.

THE TRUTH TELLER. A Periodical.

SARAH COLERIDGE'S PHANTASMION.

J. L. PETIT'S CHURCH ARCHITECTURE. 2 Vols.

R. MANT'S CHURCH ARCHITECTURE CONSIDERED IN RELATION TO THE MIND OF THE CHURCH. 8vo. Belfast, 1840.

CAMBRIDGE CAMDEN SOCIETY'S TRANSACTIONS. Vol. III.--ELLICOTT ON VAULTING.

QUARTERLY REVIEW, 1845.

GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, 1838 to 1852, all but Oct. to Dec. 1851.

COLLIER'S FURTHER VINDICATION OF HIS SHORT VIEW OF THE STAGE. 1708.

CONGREVE'S AMENDMENT OF COLLIER'S FALSE AND IMPERFECT CITATIONS. 1698.

FILMER'S DEFENCE OF PLAYS, OR THE STAGE VINDICATED. 1707.

THE STAGE CONDEMNED. 1698.

BEDFORD'S SERIOUS REFLECTIONS ON THE ABUSES OF THE STAGE. 8vo. 1705.

DISSERTATION ON ISAIAH, CHAPTER XVIII., IN A LETTER TO EDWARD KING, &c., BY SAMUEL HORSLEY, Lord Bishop of Rochester. 1799. First Edition, in 4to.

BISHOP FELL'S Edition of CYPRIAN, containing BISHOP PEARSON'S ANNALES CYPRIANIA.

ATHENÆUM JOURNAL, 1847 to 1851 inclusive.

A DESCRIPTION OF THE ROYAL GARDENS AT RICHMOND IN SURRY. In a Letter to a Society of Gentlemen. Pp. 32. 8vo. With a Plan and Eight Plates. No date, circa annum 1770?

MEMOIRS OF THE ROSE, by MR. JOHN HOLLAND. 1 Vol. 12mo. London, 1824.

PSYCHE AND OTHER POEMS, by MRS. MARY TIGHE. Portrait. 8vo. 1811.

*** _Correspondents sending Lists of Books Wanted are requested to send their names._

*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.

* * * * *

NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS.

W. S. G. _is thanked. We have not inserted the two Folk Lore articles he has sent, inasmuch as they are already recorded in Brand._

W. S. D. _The saying_ "God tempers the wind to the shorn lamb," _made so popular by its application to Sterne's "Maria," is from a French proverb_ "A brebis tondue Dieu mesure le vent," _which, in a somewhat older form, is to be found in Gruter's_ Florilegium: _Francfort, 1611_, p. 353., _and in St. Estienne's_ Premices, _published in 1594.--See our_ 1st Vol., pp. 211. 236. 325. 357. 418.

C. M. I. _We propose to insert some articles on Shakspeare in our next or following Number._

M. A. _and_ J. L. S. _are referred to our_ No. 172., p. 157.

PHOTOGRAPHY. _Dr. Diamond's_ Photographic Notes _are preparing for immediate publication in a separate form. We may take this opportunity of explaining that_ DR. D. _is_ only an amateur, _and has nothing to do with Photography as a profession. We are the more anxious to make this known, since, in consequence of holding an important public office, Dr. Diamond has but little leisure for pursuing his researches._

J. B. S. _will find what he requires at_ p. 277. _of our last volume._

C. B. (Birmingham). _If the hyposulphite of soda is not thoroughly removed from a Photograph, it will soon become covered with reddish spots, and in a short time the whole picture may disappear. If cyanide of potassium has been used, it is requisite that the greatest care should be used to effect its removal entirely._

W. L. (Liverpool). _A meniscus lens of the diameter of four inches should have a focal length of twenty inches, and will produce perfect landscape pictures fourteen inches square. It is said they will cover fifteen inches; but fourteen they do with great definition. We strongly advise_ W. L. _to purchase a good article. It is a bad economy not to go to a_ first-rate _maker at once._

J. M. S. (Manchester). _You will find, for a screen to use in the open air, that the white cotton you refer to will be far too light. "Linsey woolsey" forms an admirable screen, and by being left loose upon a stretcher it may be looped up so as to form drapery, &c. If you cannot depend upon the collodion you purchase in your city, pray use your ingenuity, and make some according to the formulary given in_ Vol. vi., p. 277., _and you will be rewarded for your trouble._