Part 2

"Ganz analog dem Verhältnisse von _ealdore_ und _gingra_ ist das Verhältniss von _hlaford_ (brodherrn), _hlæfdige_ (brodherrin), und _hlafæta_ (brodeszer). _Hlaford_ ist am Ende zum Standestitel (lord) geworden; ursprünglich bezeichnet es jeden Gebieter; die Kinder, die Leibeignen, die abhängigen freien Leute, alles was zum Hausstande und zum Gefolge eines Mannes gehört, werden als dessen _hlafætan_ bezeichnet."

Perhaps some of your readers may favour myself and others by giving the derivation of _boy_ and _girl_.

H. C. C.

* * * * *

Minor Notes.

_Iona._--The ancient name of this celebrated island was _I_ (an island), or _I-Columbkille_ (the island of Columba of the Churches). In all the ancient tombstones still existing in the island, it is called nothing but _Hy_; and I have no doubt that its modern name of _Iona_ is a corruption, arising from mistaking _u_ for _n_. In the very ancient copy of Adamnan's _Life of St. Columbkille_, formerly belonging to the monastery of Reichenau (_Augia Dives_), and now preserved in the town library of Schaffhausen, which I had an opportunity of examining very carefully last summer, the name is written everywhere, beyond the possibility of doubt, _Ioua_, which was evidently an attempt to give a power of Latinised declension to the ancient Celtic _I_. It was pronounced _I-wa_ (_i.e._ _Ee-wa_). Who first made the blunder of changing the _u_ into _n_?

J. H. TODD.

Trin. Coll. Dublin.

_Inscriptions in Parochial Registers._--Very quaint and pithy mottoes are sometimes prefixed to parochial registers. I know not whether any communications on this subject are to be found in your pages. The following are examples, and may perhaps elicit from your readers additional information.

Cherry-Hinton, Cambridgeshire:

"Hic puer ætatem, hic Vir sponsalia noscat, Hic decessorum funera quisque sciat."

Ruyton of the Eleven Towns, Salop:

"No flatt'ry here, where to be born and die, Of rich and poor is all the history: Enough, if virtue fill'd the space between, Prov'd, by the ends of being, to have been."

GEORGE S. MASTER.

Welsh-Hampton, Salop.

_Lieutenant._--The vulgar pronunciation of this word, _leftenant_, probably arose from the old practice of confounding _u_ and _v_. It is spelt _leivtenant_ in the Colonial Records of New York. The changes may have been _lievtenant_, _levtenant_, _leftenant_.

UNEDA.

Philadelphia.

_"Prigging Tooth" or "Pugging Tooth."_--MR. COLLIER, in his new book on Shakspeare, containing early manuscript corrections of the folio of 1632, says at page 191., in enumerating those of the _Winter's Tale_, that the emendator substitutes (Act IV. Sc. 2.) "prigging tooth" for the "pugging tooth" of the old copies. Now this, I believe, has been the generally received interpretation, but it is quite wrong. _Prigging_, that is stealing, tooth, would be nonsense; _pugging_ is the correct word, and is most expressive. Antolycus means his molar--his grinding tooth is set on edge.

A pugging-mill (sometimes abbreviated and called pug-mill) is a machine for crushing and tempering lime, consisting of two heavy rollers or wheels in a circular trough; the wheels are hung loose upon the ends of a bar of iron or axle-tree, which is fastened by the centre either to the top or bottom of an upright spindle, moved by a horse or other power, as the case may be, thus causing the wheels in their circuit to revolve from their friction upon the trough, and so to bruise the nuts of lime, which together with the sand and water are fed by a labourer, who removes the mortar when made. The machine is of course variously constructed for the kind of work it has to do: there is a pugging-mill used in the making of bricks that is fitted with projecting knives to cut and knead the clay. {258}

EMENDATOR has doubtless restored the sense to many puzzling passages in Shakspeare, but he certainly is mistaken here in reading _prigging_ for _pugging_.

H. B. J.

Carlisle.

_London._--Is the following, which was copied October 11, 1811, from a MS. pasted on Spitalfields Church at that time, worth preserving in the pages of "N. & Q."? Could any of your numerous correspondents furnish me with the author's name?

"LONDON.

"Houses, churches, mixt together; Streets cramm'd full in ev'ry weather; Prisons, palaces, contiguous; Sinners sad and saints religious; Gaudy things enough to tempt ye; Outsides showy, insides empty; Baubles, beasts, mechanics, arts, Coaches, wheelbarrows, and carts; Warrants, bailiffs, bills unpaid, Lords of laundresses afraid; Rogues that nightly prowl and shoot men; Hangmen, aldermen, and footmen; Lawyers, poets, priests, physicians, Noble, simple, all conditions; Worth beneath a threadbare cover, Villainy bedaubed all over; Women, black, fair, red, and gray, Women that can play and pay; Handsome, ugly, witty, still, Some that will not, some that will; Many a beau without a shilling, Many a widow not unwilling, Many a bargain, if you strike it,-- This is London, if you like it."

H. E. P. T.

Woolwich.

_Note from the Cathedral at Seville._--

"El Exc^{mo} S^r D^r Don Nicolas Wiseman, Obispo Coadjutor de Birmingham, y Rector del Collegio de Oscott, por decreto de 2 de Enero de 1845, concedió 40 dias de Indulgentia per cada Padre-Nuestro, ó Credo á Nuestri Señor Jesu Cristo, ó un Ave-Maria á su Santissima Madre, ó un Padre-Nuestro en honor del Santo Patriarcha S^r S^o Domingo, cujas imagenes se veneran en esta Capilla, como por cualquier palabra afetuosa ó jaculatoria con devotion."

S. K. N.

_Riddles for the Post Office._--The following ludicrous direction to a letter was copied verbatim from the original and interesting document:

"too dad Tomas hat the ole oke otchut I O Bary pade Sur plees to let ole feather have this sefe."

The letter found the gentleman at "The Old Oak Orchard, Tenbury." I saw another letter, where the writer, after a severe struggle to express "Scotland," succeeded at length to his satisfaction, and wrote it thus, "stockling." A third letter was sent by a woman to a son who had settled in Tennessee, which the old lady had thus expressed with all phonetic simplicity, "10 S C."

CUTHBERT BEDE.

* * * * *

Queries.

NATIONAL PORTRAITS.--PORTRAIT OF THE DUKE OF GLOUCESTER, SON OF CHARLES I.

A cotemporary portrait of this prince, fourth son of Charles I., was in existence. He was represented with a fountain by him, probably in early age. He died, at the age of twenty, in 1660. Where is this painting now to be found, or is any engraving from it known? Granger describes an engraved portrait by Vaughan, representing the infant prince seated on a cushion; and a rare portrait of him by Lovell.

It would be very desirable to compile a descriptive catalogue of painted portraits, those especially preserved in the less accessible private collections in England. Such a manual, especially if illustrated with outline sketches or photographs, in order to render it available at a moderate cost, would be most useful, and supply, in some degree, the deficiency of any extensive public collection of national portraits, such as has been commenced in France, at the palace of Versailles.

ALBERT WAY.

Reigate.

[Recognising as we do most fully the value of the idea thrown out by MR. WAY, that it would be desirable to compile a descriptive Catalogue of Painted Portraits, as the best substitute which we can have for an extensive public collection of such memorials of our Great and Good, we shall always be glad to record in the columns of "N. & Q." any notices of such pictures as may, from time to time, be forwarded to us for that purpose. The suggestion that Photography might be usefully employed in multiplying copies of such portraits, coming as it does from one whose skill as an artist rivals his learning as an antiquary, is the highest testimony which could be given to the value of an art which we have endeavoured to promote, from our conviction that its utility to the antiquary, the historian, and the man of letters, can scarcely be over-rated.]

* * * * *

BOSTON QUERIES.

I annex a prospectus of a second edition of my _Collections for a History of the Borough of Boston and the Hundred of Skirbeck, in the County of Lincoln_, which I am now employed upon in preparing for the press. As there may, and most probably will, arise many points upon which I may require assistance, I shall from time to time address (with your leave) inquiries for insertion in your {259} useful miscellany, asking your readers for any information they may be in possession of. At present I should be glad to be informed of the locality of Estoving Hall, the seat of a branch of the Holland family, of whom a long account is given by Blomefield, in his _History of Norfolk_, and which, he says, was nine miles from Bourn, in Lincolnshire, but respecting which I can learn nothing from gentlemen in that neighbourhood. Drayton, so often alluded to by Stukeley, and referred to by Blomefield in connexion with the Holland family, is also of very uncertain locality. Can any of your readers assist me upon these points, either through your journal, or addressed to me at Stoke Newington? I am also in want of information respecting the Kyme family, so as to connect the Kymes of Boston, and its neighbourhood, with the elder branch of that family, the Kymes of Kyme, which merged into the Umfraville family, by the marriage of the heiress of the Kymes with one of the Umfravilles.

The account of "the buylding of Boston steeple," by H. T. H., at p. 166. of your present volume, is incorrect in many respects. That which I have seen and adopted is as follows. It is said to have been accepted as correct by Dr. Stukeley. I find it at the foot of a folio print, published in 1715, representing--

"The west prospect of Boston steeple and church. The foundation whereof on y^e Monday after Palm Sunday, An^o. 1309, in y^e 3^d year of Edward y^e II., was begun by many miners, and continued till midsumer foll^g, when they was deeper than y^e haven by 5 foot, where they found a bed of stone upon a spring of sand, and that upon a bed of clay whose thickness could not be known. Upon the Monday next after the Feast of St. John Bapt^t. was laid the 1st stone, by Dame Margery Tilney, upon w^{ch} she laid £5. sterl^g. Sir John Truesdale, then Parson of Boston, gave £5. more, and Rich^d. Stevenson, a Merch^t. of Boston, gave also £5., wh^{ch} was all y^e gifts given at that time."

PISHEY THOMPSON.

Stoke Newington.

* * * * *

WELBORNE FAMILY.

In Burke's _Extinct Peerage_ it is stated that John de Lacy, first Earl of Lincoln, died A.D. 1240, leaving one son and two daughters. The latter were removed, in the twenty-seventh year of Hen. III., to Windsor, there to be educated with the daughters of the king. One of these sisters, Lady Maud de Lacy, married Richard de Clare, Earl of Gloucester; but I can find no mention of either the name or marriage of the other. Am I correct in identifying her with "Dorothy, daughter of the Earl of Lincoln," who married Sir John Welborne (see _Harl. MSS._ 888. 1092-1153.)? The dates in the Welborne pedigree perfectly correspond with this assumption.

Another question relative to this family is of greater interest, and I should feel sincerely obliged by any answer to it. Simon de Montfort, earl of Leicester, married Eleanora, daughter of King John, and had by her five children. The fourth son is called Richard in Burke's _Royal Families_, vol. i. p. xxiii.; and the report is added, that "he remained in England in privacy under the name of Wellsburn." In the _Extinct Peerage_, the name of the same son is Almaric, of whom it says: "When conveying his sister from France, to be married to Leoline, Prince of Wales, he was taken prisoner with her at sea, and suffered a long imprisonment. He was at last, however, restored to liberty, and his posterity are said to have flourished in England under the name of Wellsburne." Is it not to be presumed that the above Sir John Welborne (living, as he must have done, in the latter half of the thirteenth century, and allying himself with the great family especially protected by Henry III., uncle of the De Montforts) was himself the son of Richard or Almaric de Montfort, and founder of that family of Wellesburne, said to have "flourished in England"? The De Montforts no doubt abandoned their patronymic in consequence of the attainder of Simon, earl of Leicester, and adopted that of Wellesburne from the manor of that name, co. Warwick, in the possession of Henry de Montfort temp. Ric. I.

The only known branch of the Welborns terminated (after ten descents from Sir John) in coheiresses, one of whom married in 1574, and brought the representation into a family which counts among its members your correspondent

URSULA.

* * * * *

DESCENDANTS OF SIR HUMPHREY GILBERT.

In a work published not many years ago, entitled _Antigua and the Antiguans_, by Mrs. Flannigan, there is the following passage:

"The Hon. Nathaniel Gilbert, Speaker of the House of Assembly in the island of Antigua, and one of the chief proprietors in that island, derived his descent from a family of considerable distinction in the west of England, where one of its members, Sir Humphrey Gilbert, associating himself with his kinsman, Sir Walter Raleigh, became one of the most eminent circumnavigators of the reign of Queen Elizabeth."

Dying, he left a son, Raleigh Gilbert, who along with others obtained from King James I. a large grant of land, in what was then called Plymouth, but which now forms part of the colony of Virginia. To this place he emigrated with Lord Chief Justice Popham in 1606. Afterwards he succeeded to an estate in Devonshire on the death of his elder brother, Sir John Gilbert, President of the Virginian Company.

Can any of your correspondents kindly inform me from what source I can complete the line of {260} descent, by filling up the interval of three or four generations between the above Raleigh Gilbert and the Hon. Nathaniel Gilbert mentioned by Mrs. Flannigan?

The present Sir George Colebrook and Sir William Abdy are connected, more or less remotely, with the last-mentioned Mr. Gilbert.

The English branch of the family is now established at Tredrea in Cornwall. (See _Burke_.)

Any information whatever upon this subject would be exceedingly valuable to the inquirer.

C. GONVILLE.

* * * * *

Minor Queries.

_English Bishops deprived by Queen Elizabeth, 1559._--MR. DREDGE'S list (Vol. vi., p. 203.) was very acceptable and interesting; but he has left unanswered several points regarding these bishops. 1. _Bishop Scot's_ death is given as at Louvain, but not the period when it occurred. 2. _Bishop Bayne_ is merely said to have "died at Islington in 1560," month unnoticed. 3. _Bishop Goldwell_ is "said to have died shortly afterwards (1580) at Rome," while I gave my authority as to his being still alive in the year 1584 (Vol. vi., p. 100.). 4. _Bishop Pate_ is said to have also "died at Louvain," but no date is mentioned. 5. _Bishop Pole_ "died in 1568." Is neither the place nor month known? In conclusion, with regard to the "English bishops deprived, 1691," only the years of the deaths of _Bishops Frampton_ and _White_ are stated. I trust MR. DREDGE, if he sees this, will forgive my being so minute and particular in my inquiries on the above points, and kindly recollect that I am far away from all public libraries and sources of information. For the replies he has so readily afforded, I am very grateful indeed.

A. S. A.

Wuzzeerabad.

_John Williams of Southwark, Esq._ (elder brother of Morgan Williams, who married a daughter of Walter Cromwell of Putney, from whom descended Oliver Cromwell: Jones's _Brecknockshire_, vol. ii. p. 111.).--Will you, or either of your readers, oblige me with some account of the male descendants of such John Williams; or of John Williams ("heir to the paternal estate" of such Morgan Williams: Waring's _Recollections of Iolo Morganwg_, p. 162.) and his male descendants, or any references to such account?

GLYWYSIG.

"_A Screw._"--Why should a broken-down horse be called "a screw?" Is it because he has "a screw loose," or because a force equivalent to the screw-propeller must be applied to make him go? This was discussed at a hunting dinner the other evening, and the guests could arrive at no satisfactory conclusion: neither could they agree as to the definite meaning that should be assigned to "screw," and what description of horse came under that very condemnatory designation. Perhaps "N. & Q." can assist them to a proper meaning.

CUTHBERT BEDE, B.A.

_Tanner's MSS._--In a collection of MSS. relative to Eton College, in Birch and Sloane Collection, British Museum, mention is made of _Tanner's MSS._, which, at the time these MSS. on Eton were collected (1736), were in the Picture Gallery at Oxford. Are these the MSS. inquired for by your correspondent in Vol. vi., p. 434.?

E. G. B.

_The Westminster Assembly of Divines._--On the cover of _A Collection of Confessions of Faith, &c., of the Church of Scotland_, in my possession, is the following memorandum:

"The minutes of the Westminster Assembly are yet reserved in private hands."--Calamy's Abridgment of _Baxter's Life_, p. 85.

In Dr. Williams's Library, Redcross Street, there is part of a journal; but Neal, in his _History of the Puritans_ (preface), tells us--

"The records of this Assembly were burnt in the Fire of London."

Strype, preface to _Lightfoot's Remains_, says:

"A journal of the various debates among the learned men in the Westminster Assembly, was diligently kept by Dr. Lightfoot."

And Strype tells us he had seen it.

I shall be much obliged to any of your readers who can inform me where this journal, or any other, of the proceedings of the Assembly can be procured?

JOSEPH STANSBURY.

_The Witch Countess of Morton._--Can any one give me any information about a Countess of Morton who was called "The Witch?" Her picture is at Dalmahoy.

L. M. M. R.

_Mary, Daughter of King James I. of Scotland._--This princess is stated to have been married to the Count de Boucquan, son of the Lord of Campoere in Zealand, and she had at least one son, born 1451: any information as to her husband's family, her own death, &c. is requested; for all notitia of our royal princesses are interesting.

A. S. A.

Wuzzeerabad.

_Hibernicis Hibernior._--Whence, and what the proper form of this proverbial expression?

W. T. M.

Hong Kong.

_The Cucking-stool, when last used._--Can any of the correspondents of "N. & Q." inform me of the latest period at which this instrument of punishment for scolds is recorded to have been used {261} in England? The most recent instance mentioned by Brand was at Kingston-upon-Thames, in 1745. In Leicester, however (and probably elsewhere), the practice continued to a much later period, as appears by the following entry in our municipal accounts for the year 1768-69:

"Paid Mr. Elliott for a cuckstool by order of Hall, 2l."

I have been informed by an octogenarian inhabitant of this town, that he recollects, when a boy, seeing the cucking-stool placed, as a mark of disgrace, against the residence of a notorious scold; and the fact of this use of it here at so comparatively recent a period has been confirmed by another aged person, so that this practice probably obtained for some years after the punishment by immersion, or exposure upon the cucking-stool, had fallen into desuetude.

Did a similar use of the instrument prevail in other places about the same period?

I may mention that an ancient cucking-stool is still preserved in our town-hall.

LEICESTRIENSIS.

_Grafts and the Parent Tree._--Is there any ground for a belief that is said to prevail among horticulturists, that the graft perishes when the parent tree decays?

J. P.

Birmingham.

_Conway Family._--Is it true that Sir William Konias (founder of the Conway family) was Lord High Constable of England under William the Conqueror? The Welsh pedigrees in the British Museum assert as much, and that he married Isabel, daughter of Baldwin, Earl of Blois; but it does not appear that there was a Count of Blois of that name.

URSULA.

_Salt._--Dugdale, in his _Antiquities of Warwickshire_, p. 294., speaking of the town of Leamington, says:

"All that is further observable touching this place is, that nigh to the east end of the church there is a spring of salt water (not above a stone's throw from the river Leame), _whereof the inhabitants make much use for seasoning of meat_."

Was salt a scarce article in the midland counties in those days?

When and where was the first salt-mine established in England?

ERICA.

_Geological Query._--Can any of your geological readers inform me what is the _imagined_ reason that there is no increase of temperature in Scandinavia (as there is everywhere else) in descending into mines?

M--A L.

_Wandering Jew._--I am anxious to learn the authority on which this celebrated myth rests. I am aware of the passage in John's Gospel (xxi. 21, 22, 23.), but I cannot think that there is no other foundation for such an extraordinary belief. Perhaps on the continent some legend may exist. My object in inquiring is to discover whether Eugène Sue's _Wandering Jew_ is purely a fictitious character, or whether he had any, and, if any, what authority or tradition on which to found it.

TEE BEE.

_Frescheville Family._--In what work may be found the tradition, that the heir of the family of the House of Frescheville never dies in his bed?

F. K.

_The Wednesday Club._--Can any of the readers of "N. & Q." refer me to any notice of this club, which existed about a century back in the city of London?

CHARLES REED.

Paternoster Row.

_Oratories._--In a parish in the county of Essex there is a pretty little brick chapel, or "oratory," as it is called there, with a priest's house attached at the west end, of about the thirteenth century; the length of both chapel and house being thirty feet, and the width fifteen. There is also a field called "Priest's Close," which was probably the endowment.

Can any of your correspondents inform me if there are many such places of worship in England, and, if so, to mention some, and where any accounts of them may be found?

It is quite clear that this oratory had no connexion with the parish church, being a mile distant, and seems more likely to have been erected and endowed for the purpose of having mass celebrated there for the repose of the founder's soul?

M. F. D.

_Arms of De Turneham._--Can any of your readers inform me what were the armorial bearings of Sir Stephen de Turneham, who in the year 1192 was employed by Richard I. to escort his queen Berengaria from Acre to Naples? The writer would also be glad to obtain any particulars of the family and history of this brave knight, who seems to have possessed the entire confidence of his sovereign, the redoubtable "Coeur de Lion." Probably he belonged to the same family as Michael de Turneham, the owner of estates at Brockley, near Deptford, and at Begeham (the modern Bayham), on the borders of Sussex, in the reign of Henry II., whose nephew, Sir Robert de Turneham, appears to have been distinguished in the Crusade under Richard I. Might not _Stephen_ and _Robert_ be brothers? Did they leave descendants? And, if so, when did the family become extinct? Was it this Robert de Turneham whose wife was Joanna Fossard, who, about the year 1200, founded the Priory of Grosmont, near Whitby, in Yorkshire? {262}