Chapter 3

_Pokership or Parkership_.--In Collins' _Peerage_, vol. iv. p. 242., 5th edition, 1779, we are told that Sir Robert Harley, of Wigmore Castle, in 1604, was made Forester of Boringwood, alias Bringwood Forest, in com. Hereford, _with the office of the 'Pokership_,' and custody of the forest or chase of Prestwood for life. The same word occurs in the edition (the 3rd) of 1741, and in that edited by Sir Egerton Brydges in 1812 (vol. iv. p. 57.).

If _Pokership_ be not a misprint or misreading of the original authority, viz. _Pat. 2. Jac. I._ p. 21., for _Parkership_, can any of your readers tell me the meaning of "the _Pokership_," which is not to be found in any book of reference within my reach? I like the "NOTES AND QUERIES" very much.

Audley End, Jan. 9. 1850. BRAYBROOKE.

_Boduc or Boduoc on British Coins._--I observe there is a prevailing opinion that the inscription on the British coin, "Boduc or Boduoc," must be intended for the name of our magnanimous Queen Boadicea. I am sorry to cast a cloud over so pleasant a vision, but your little book of QUERIES tempts me to throw in a doubt.

Although the name Budic is not met with in the pedigrees of England, commonly given by Welsh heralds, yet it is often found among the families of the Welsh in Brittany, and as they are reported to be early descendants of the Welsh of England, there can be little doubt that the name was once common in England. I beg leave, therefore, to _query_, Whether the inscription is not intended for a Regulus of Britain of that name?

P.

_The Origin of the word Snob._--Can any of your valuable correspondents give me the origin or derivation of the word Snob?

When, and under what peculiar circumstances, was it first introduced into our language?

In the town in which I reside, in the north of England, the word Snob was formerly applied to a _cobbler_, and the phrase was in use, "_Snip_ the _tailor_, and _Snob_ the _cobbler_."

I cannot discover how and why the word Snob was enlarged into its present comprehensive meaning.

Explanations of many of the slang phrases met with in the dramatic works of the last century, such as, "Thank you, sir, I owe you one," "A Rowland for an Oliver," "Keep moving, dad," &c. &c. would perhaps give much light upon the manners of the times, and an interesting history might be compiled of the progress of slang phrases to the present day.

ALPHA.

_Mertens, Martins, or Martini, the Printer._--Can any of your correspondents inform me what was really the surname of Theodoric Mertens, Martins, or Martini, the printer of Louvain, and who {186} was a friend of Erasmus? In a small volume of his, now before me, printed in 1517, the colophon gives: "Lovanii apud Theodoricum Martinum anno MDXVII mense April;" while, on the reverse of _the same leaf_, is a wooden block, of his device, occupying the whole page, and beneath it are inscribed the words "Theodoricus Martini." This appears to put _Mertens_ out of the question.

W.

_Queen's Messengers_.--I should esteem it a favour conferred if any of your readers could give me any memoranda touching the early origin of the corps now termed Queen's Messengers, the former "Knightes caligate of Armes." The only mention that I have read of their origin is a brief notice in Knight's _London_, No. 131. p. 91; but doubtless there exists, did I know what works to consult, many more voluminous a history of their origin and proceedings than the short summary given in the work of Mr. Knight. In whose reign were they first created? and by whom were they appointed? In fact, any data relating to their early history would very much oblige,

J.U.G.G.

_Bishop Lesly of Ross' Epitaph.--Machoreus or Macorovius, "De Prælio Aveniniano."_--Would any of your readers be so kind as to favour me with a copy of the Latin epitaph of Bishop Lesly, of Ross, inscribed on his tomb in the abbey church of Gurtenburg, near Brussels?

Can any one furnish the _entire_ title and imprint of a Latin poem, _De Prælio Aveniniano_, said to have been written in 1594, by a Scottish Jesuit named Alexander Macorovius, or Machoreus? Any particulars concerning this author would gratify

LLEWELYN ST. GEORGE.

_The Word "Cannibal."_--When was the word _Cannibal_ first used in English books?--To what language does it belong?--and what is its exact meaning?

W.

_Sir William Rider_.--"H.F." would feel obliged by a reference to any work containing an account of Sir William Rider and his family. He was Lord Mayor of London in 1600; and his daughter Mary was married to Sir Thomas Lake, of Cannons, Secretary of State temp. James I. He wishes more particularly to ascertain the date of Sir William Rider's death.

_The Word "Poghele."_--What is the etymology and precise meaning of the word "Poghele" (pronounced Poughley), or rather the first part of it, which occurs occasionally as the name of a place in the county of Berks, and perhaps elsewhere?

W.

_Duncan Campbell._--Was the Duncan Campbell, of whom memoirs were written by Defoe, a real or an imaginary person? If the former, where can one find any authentic account of him?

L.B.

_Boston de Bury de Bib. Monasteriorum._--Can any of your correspondents give me a reference to the original MS. of _Boston de Bury de Bibliothecis Monasteriorum_?

P.

_Cazena on the Inquisition_.--Can any one tell me what is the public opinion of Cazena's work on the Inquisition? I see Limborch and many others quoted concerning that tribunal, but never Cazena. Is the book scarce?--or is it not esteemed? I never saw but one copy.

P.

_The Reconciliation_, 1554.--In 1554, Cardinal Pole directed a register to be kept in every parish of all the parishioners who, on a certain day, were to be reconciled to the Church of Rome and absolved. (Burnet's _Ref_. vol. iii. p. 245.)

The Bishop of London's Declaration thereon (Feb. 19. 1554) runs thus:--

"And they not so reconciled, every one of them shall have process made agaynst him accordyng to the canons, as the case shall requyre; for which purpose the pastours and curates of every paryshe shall be commanded by their archedeacon to certyfye me in writinge of every man and woman's name that is not so reconciled."

Have any of your readers at any time seen and made a _note_ of such a register?

The most probable place of deposit would be the Bishop's Registry, but I have never yet been fortunate enough to meet with one of these curious returns.

J.S.B.

* * * * *

MISCELLANIES.

_Darkness at the Crucifixion_.--The following passage, in a volume of Lectures by the Rev. H. Blunt, has fallen under my notice:--

"It was this Dionysius (the Areopagite) of whom the earliest Christian historians relate that, being at Heliopolis, in Egypt, at the time of our Lord's crucifixion, when he beheld the mid-day darkness which attended that awful event, he exclaimed, 'Either the God of Nature suffers, or the frame of the world will be dissolved.'"

Having very limited opportunity of studying the ancient historians, I should be greatly obliged if you would inform me from what work this account is derived; or refer me to any authors, _not_ having embraced Christianity, who give a description of the crucifixion of our Saviour; and especially with reference to the "darkness over all the earth" at the time of that event, mentioned by St. Luke, who also adds, that "the sun was darkened." Your kindly consenting, as you did in your second number, to receive queries respecting references, has induced me to trouble you so far.

S.A.M.

[Our correspondent will find much that is to his purpose, both in the way of statements and of reference {187} to original authorities, in Lardner's _Jewish and Heathen Testimonies_, chap. xiii. of the Heathen Authors; vol. ii. p. 125. of the original 4to. edition; or vol. vii. p. 370. of the 8vo. edition of his works by Kippis, 1788.]

_High-Doctrine_.--In the Cambridgeshire fens there are a great number of Dissenters, and I believe Cromwell's Ironsides were chiefly recruited from those districts. On the higher lands adjoining are the old parish churches; and in conversation it is not uncommon to hear the tenets of the Church of England described as _High land Doctrine_, in contra-distinction to the _Low land_, or Dissenters' doctrine.

The thing is amusing, if nothing else, and I heard it while staying some few years ago with my brother, who lives on the edges of the Cambridgeshire fens.

E.H.

_Wife of Robert de Bruce_.--In the Surrenden Collection is an interesting roll, entitled "Liberatio facta Ingelardo de Warlee Custodi Garderobe, 7 E. 2."

It is, as its title imports, the release to the keeper of the wardrobe, for one year's accounts, aº. 7 E. 2.

I shall probably be able to send you therefrom a few "notes" illustrative of the history of that time.

As a commencement, I think that the subjoined "note" will interest your historical readers.

It appears that the unfortunate wife of Robert Bruce was then consigned to the care of the Abbess of Barking, with an allowance of 20s. per week for the same. She was, I believe, the daughter of Henry de Burgh, Earl of Ulster, and died in 1328. In the above roll there is the following entry:--

"Cs liberati Anne de Veer Abbatisse de Berkyng, per manus domini Roberti de Wakfeld clerici, super expensis domine Elizabethe uxoris Roberti de Brus, percipientis per ebdomadum xxs., et ibidem perhendinantis."

"Cs liberati Johanni de Stystede valletto Abbatisse de Berkyng, per manus proprias, super expensis Domine de Brus in Abbathia de Berkyng perhendinantis."

It does not appear, in the above roll, how long the hapless queen remained in the abbey.

LAMBERT B. LARKING. Ryarsh Vicarage. Dec. 14. 1849.

_The Talisman of Charlemagne_.--I beg to refer your correspondent, on the subject of Charlemagne's Talisman, to what professes to be a correct representation of this antique relic, in _The Illustrated London News_, of March 8th, 1845; but it is not there described as "a small nut, in a gold filigree envelopment," and gives the idea of an ornament much too large for the finger or even wrist of any lady: that paper says,--

"This curious object of virtu is described in the Parisian journals as, 'la plus belle relique de l'Europe;' and it has, certainly, excited considerable interest in the archæological and religious circles of the continent. The talisman is of fine gold, of round form, as our illustration shows, set with gems, and in the centre are two rough sapphires, and a portion of the Holy Cross; besides other relics brought from the Holy Land."

The rest of the description much resembles your correspondent's, and asserts the talisman to be at that time the property of Prince Louis Napoleon, then a prisoner in the château of Ham.

S.A.M.

_Sayers the Caricaturist._--In Wright's _England under the House of Hanover_, vol. ii. p. 83 _n_., it is stated that James Sayer, the caricaturist, "died in the earlier part of the present century, no long time after his patron, Pitt." In _Sepulchral Reminiscences of a Market Town_, by Mr. Dawson Turner (Yarmouth, 8vo. 1848), p. 73 _n_., the caricaturist is called Sayers, and is said to have died on the 20th of April, 1823.

C.H. COOPER. Cambridge, Dec. 29. 1849.

_May-Day_.--To what old custom does the following passage allude?

"It is likewise on the first day of this month [May] that we see the ruddy milk-maid exerting herself in a most sprightly manner under a pyramid of silver tankards, and, like the virgin Tarpeia, oppressed by the costly ornaments which her benefactors lay upon her." --_Spectator_, No. 365.

MELANION.

[Our correspondent will find much curious illustration of this now obsolete custom in Strutt's _Sports and Pastimes_ p. 357. (ed. Hone), where the preceding passage from the _Spectator_ is quoted; and we are told "these decorations of silver cups, tankards, &c. were borrowed for the purpose, and hung round the milk pails (with the addition of flowers and ribands), which the maidens _carried upon their heads_ when they went to the houses of their customers, and danced in order to obtain a small gratuity from each of them." In Tempest's _Cryes of London_ there is a print of a well-known merry milk-maid, Kate Smith, dancing with the milk pail decorations upon her head. See also Hone's _Every Day Book_, i. p. 576.]

_Dr. Dee's Petition_.--There is no mention of Dr. Dee's petition to King James in the list of his works in Tanner's _Bibliotheca Britannica_; but in Beloe's _Anecdotes_, vol. ii. p. 263., is an account of the preface to a scarce work of his, in which he defends himself from the charge of being a conjurer, or caller of divels, &c.

Tanner mentions his _Supplication to Queen Mary for the Recovery of Ancient Writings and Monuments_.

I fear, however, that your correspondent is {188} acquainted with these more easily obtained accounts of Dr. Dee's works.

the _Dictionary_ of M. l'Abbé Ladoocat states that he died in England, A.D. 1607, at the age of 81; so that his petition to James must have been made at the close of his life.

HERMES.

_Lines quoted by Goethe_.--I beg to inform your correspondent "TREBOR," that he will find the lines quoted by Goethe in his _Autobiography_, in Rochester's _Satire against Mankind_.

J.S.

_Queen Mary's Expectations_.--Most persons have heard of the anxiety of Queen Mary I., for the birth of a child, and of her various disappointments; but many may not be aware that among the Royal Letters in the State Paper Office, are letters in French, prepared in expectation of the event, addressed by Queen Mary, without date, except "Hampton Court, 1555" (probably about May), to her father-in-law, the Emperor Charles V., to Henry II., King of France, to Eleonora, Queen Dowager of France, to Ferdinand I., King of Bohemia, to Mary, the Queen Dowager of Bohemia, to the Doge of Venice, to the King of Hungary, and to the Queen Dowager of Hungary, announcing to each the birth of her child, the word being so written _fil_, as to admit of being made _filz_, or of an easy alteration to the feminine _fille_, if necessary.

J.E.

_Ken's Morning and Evening Hymns_.--I saw it mentioned in a review in the _Guardian_ some few weeks ago, as one merit of the last edition of the Book of Common Prayer, published by Eyre and Spottiswoode, that it had restored Bishop Ken's Morning and Evening Hymns to their original purity.

I have no means of accurately testing this assertion by reference to any undoubted version of the date of the original publication, but I have no doubt that this might easily be done through the medium of your paper; and I think you will agree with me that, if it should be substantiated, not only is credit due to the Queen's printers, but also that it is an example which ought to be followed, without exception, in all future editions of the Prayer Book.

The variations, which I have noted in the ordinary version of the Hymns, as given in other Prayer Books, are too numberous to be inserted here, not to mention the omission of several stanzas, three in the Morning Hymn, together with the Doxology, and one in the Evening Hymn.

If they be false readings, no doubt they have been allowed to creep in inadvertently, and need only pointing out to be corrected. It occurred to me that this might be done more effectually in your columns, and I venture to hope that you will not consider it a task unworthy the high aim which you have in view in your admirable publication.

OXONIENSIS.

[Bishop Ken's Morning and Evening Hymns have been restored in Messrs. Eyre and Spottiswoode's last rubricated edition of the Common Prayer, as far as was practicable; they were carefully collated with the original, and all variations corrected, except those which would materially affect immemorial use. The entire hymns are of great length, but all those verses which have been at all generally sung in churches are to be found in the edition to which we refer.

We may take this opportunity of noticing that the Queen's printers have lately restored the lesser Saints' Days to the kalendar in their smaller editions of the Common Prayer. We are not aware of any other similar editions in which the kalendar appears thus complete.]

_Etymology of "Daysman_."--What is the etymology of _Daysman_, which, in the Book of Job, and in some of our provincial dialects, means a mediator or arbitrator?

MARK ANTONY LOWER.

[NARES defines _Daysman_, an umpire or arbitrator, from his fixing a day for decision; and adds, "Mr. Todd shows that _day_ sometimes meant Judgment." Jacob, in his _Law Dictionary_, tells us, "Days-man signifies, in the North of England, an arbitrator or person chosen to determine an affair in dispute, who is called a _Dies-man_ or _Days-man_." Jacob's definition may be again illustrated from NARES:--"In Switzerland (as we are informed by Simlerus) they had some common arbitrators, or _dayesmen_, in every towne, that made a friendly composition betwixt man and man."--Burton, _Anat_.]

_Roland Monoux_.--In answer to your correspondent "M", p. 137., the monumental brass in his possession is, no doubt, from the church at _Edmonton_, Middlesex. Lysons (_Environs of London_, vol. ii. p. 263.), in his description of Edmonton Church, says, "Near the door is a brass plate, with some English verses to the memory of ROLAND MONOUX (no date)." He subjoins, in a _note_, "arms--on a chevron betw. 3 oak-leaves as many bezants, on a chief 2 anchors, a market for difference. On the brass plate are some English verses, nowise remarkable."

These arms (omitting the _chief_) are those borne by the Baronet Monnoux of Sandy in Bedfordshire (extinct in 1814), who was descended from Sir George Monox, of Walthamstow, Lord Mayor of London, who died in 1543, to whom and his lady there are brasses in Walthamstow Church. ROLAND of Edmonton was doubtless of the same family. I am not able to give an opinion of the _date_ of the brass in question; but it might be readily conjected from the style of its execution.

Your readers will, I am sure, all unite with me in commendation of your correspondent "M's" correct feeling in offering to restore this monument to its original site. I hope "M's" example will find many followers. There are hundreds of {189} these pillaged brasses in the hands of "collectors," and your admirable publication will have effected a great public good, if it shall have been instrumental in promoting their restoration.

Cambridge, Jan. 1. 1850. E. VENTRIS.

* * * * *

_Ancient Motto_.--In reference to a query (No. 6. p. 93.), and a reply (No. 7. p. 104.), permit me to remark, that St. Augustine, the celebrated Bishop of Hippo, was the person who caused to be engraved on his table the distich against detractors. Possidius, in his Life of that Father (S. Augustini, _Opera Omnia_, Paris, 1690, vol. x. part ii. p. 272.), gives the verses--no doubt an adaptation of Horace--thus:--

"Quisquis amat dictis absentum rodere vitam Hanc mensam indignam noverit esse sibi."

The Benedictine editors subjoin two readings of the pentameter:--

"Hac mensa indignam noverit esse suam." "Hanc mensam vetitam noverit esse sibi."

LLEWELYN ST. GEORGE.

* * * * *

_Mr. Cresswell and Miss Warneford_.--At p. 157. of the "NOTES AND QUERIES," your correspondent "B." inquires about a pamphlet relating to the marriage, many years ago, of Mr. Cresswell and Miss Warneford. "P.C.S.S." cannot give the precise title of that pamphlet in question; but he is enabled to state, on the authority of Watts (_Biblioth. Brit._), and on that of his old friend Sylvanus Urban (_Gent. Mag._ vol. xvii. p. 543.), that it was published in London, towards the end of the year 1747, and that the very remarkable and very disgraceful transactions to which it refers were afterwards (in 1749) made the subject of a novel, called _Dalinda_, or _The Double Marriage_. Lond. 12mo. Price threepence.

The gentleman who was the hero of this scandalous affair was Mr. Thomas Estcourt Cresswell, of Pinkney Park, Wilts, M.P. for Wootton Bassett. He married Anne, the sole and very wealthy heiress of Edward Warneford, Esq. As it cannot be the object of the "NOTES AND QUERIES" to revive a tale of antiquated scandal, "P.C.S.S." will not place upon its pages the details of this painful affair--the cruel injury inflicted upon Miss Scrope (the lady to whom Mr. Cresswell was said to have been secretly married before his union with Miss Warneford)--and the base and unmanly contrivance by which, it was stated, that he endeavoured to keep possession of both wives at the same time. Miss Scrope appears to have retained, for a considerable time, a deep sense of her injuries; for in 1749 she published a pamphlet, in her own name, called _Miss Scrope's Answer to Mr. Cresswell's Narrative_. (Lond. Baldwin. Price 2s. 6d.)

If "B." should be desirous of further information, he is referred, by "P.C.S.S.," to the _General Evening Post_ of Oct. 3. and 31. 1747, to the _Gentleman's Magazine_ for that month and year, and to the same work, vol. xix. pp. 192. 288.

P.C.S.S.

* * * * *

NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.

Little as public attention has of late years been devoted to commentating upon Pope, his writings and literary history, there are no doubt many able and zealous illustrators of them among lovers of literature for its own sake: and many a curious note upon the Bard of Twickenham and his works will probably be evoked by the announcement, that now is the moment when they may be produced with most advantage, when Mr. Murray is about to bring forth a new edition of Pope, under the able and experienced editorship of Mr. Croker. Besides numerous original inedited letters, Mr. Croker's edition will have the advantage of some curious books bought at the Brockley Hall sale, including four volumes of Libels upon Pope, and a copy of Ruffhead's Life of him, with Warburton's manuscript notes.

No one has rendered better service to the study of Gothic architecture in this country than Mr. J.H. Parker, of Oxford. The value of his admirable _Glossary of Terms used in Architecture_, is attested by the fact, that it has already reached a fourth edition, and that another will soon be called for. But we doubt whether he has done any thing better calculated to promote this interesting branch of Archæology than by the production of his _Introduction to the Study of Gothic Architecture_, which--originally written as part of a series of elementary lectures recommended by the Committee of the Oxford Architectural Society to be delivered to the junior members, and considered useful and interesting by those who heard them--is now published at the request of the Society. A more interesting volume on the subject, or one better calculated to give such a knowledge of it, as is essential to any thing like a just appreciation of the peculiar characteristics of our church architecture, could scarcely have been produced, while its compact size and numerous illustrations fit it to become a tourist's travelling companion.