Chapter 3

J.F.M.

_Reinerius--Inquisition in France._

Sir,--Faber, in his work on the Waldenses, quotes _Reinerius_, _in Biblio. Patrum_. I have in vain looked in modern biographical dictionaries for any account of Reinerius, so am constrained to inquire of some of your readers, who and what he was, or to beg the favour of a reference to some accessible account of him. I think Faber says he was an inquisitor; and this is the extent of the information which I have been able to collect respecting him.

I wish also to inquire whether his work on Heretics (his only work, I presume) has been published in any other and more accessible form than that in which it was referred to by Faber; and, particularly, whether it has ever been translated into English.

I have often wished to know whether the tribunal of the Inquisition was ever established elsewhere in France than at Toulouse. Can any of your correspondents enlighten me on the point, and give me references in proof?

D.

[The work of Reinerius Saccho was first published by the Jesuit Gretser in 1613, and has since been reprinted in the different editions of the _Bibliotheca Patrum_. It has never been translated into English.]

_Whelps._

The following extracts from the _Travels of Sir William Brereton_ may answer the inquiry respecting the ships called "Whelps":--

"Waterford, 25 July, 1635. About six hour I went aboard one of the kings ships, called the ninth _whelp_, which is in the king's books 215 ton and tonnage in kings books. She carries sixteen pieces of ordinance, two brass rakers, six iron demiculverin drakes, four iron whole culverin drakes, and four iron demicannon drakes. They are called drakes. They are taper-bored in the camber, and are tempered with extraordinary metal to carry that shot; these are narrower where the powder is put in, and wider where the shot is put in, and with this kind of ordinance his majesty is much affected. This ship is manned with sixty men."--p. 164.

"1627. This 26th of February, attending the officers of the navy at Sir Sackville Crowes house by Charing Cross, Sir John Pennington came thither to acquaint them with a warrant from the Lord Duke (of Buckingham) directed to him and myself, for present bargaining with the yard keepers of the river for the building of ten small vessels, for the enterprise of Rochel, of some 120 tons a piece, with one deck and quarter only, to row as well as sail. The 28th of the same month we concluded our bargains with the general yard keepers, and drew convenants between us, and delivered to them accordingly. In this business I was employed till the latter end of July that the ships set sail to Portsmouth. My son John was placed captain in the sixth _whelp_, built by my kinsman Peter Pett. Having liberty from my lord Duke to make choice from among them all, I chose that pinnace before the rest, supposing she would have proved the best, which fell out afterwards cleane contrary. The 4th September my son John took leave of me in the evening, and went on board his ship, whom I never saw after, being unfortunately cast away in the return from Rochel.

"1628. In this interim I received certain intelligence of the great loss of my son John, his ship and all his company, who foundered in the sea about the Seames in a great storm, about the beginning of November; not one man saved to bring the doleful news, nor no ship near them to deliver the certainty but a small pinnace belonging to the fleet that was within ken of her, and saw her shoot nine pieces of ordinance hoping of succour."--_Journal of Phineas Pett. MSS. in Brit. Mus._ 9298.

"At the return of this fleet (from Rochel) two of the _whelps_ were cast away, and three ships more, and some five ships who had some of those great stones, that were brought to build Pauls, for ballast and for other uses within them, which could promise no good success, for I never heard of any thing that prospered which being once designed for the honour of God was alienated from that use."--Howel's _Letters_, sect. v. lett. 9.

The name _whelp_ was probably given them facetiously in reference to their designation as barks.

EDW. HAWKINS.

_Cowley or Cowleas_.

Your correspondent W. asks the etymon of "Cowley;"--probably "Cow leas," or Cow pasture. In ancient records it is written "Couelee." I have before me a survey or "extent" of the Hospitalers' lands in England, including those formerly belonging to the Templars. In this record, as in most that I have seen, it is written, "Templecouelee," and it is entered as a limb of the commandry of Saunford or Sandford.

L.B.L.

_Cowley or Coverley--Statistics of Roman Catholic Church--Whelps--Discovery of America_.

I can answer pretty confidently the query II. in Number 4, p. 59, about the etymon of _Cowley_, for I have, on a farm of my own, two denominations of land, called _Ox-ley_ and _Cow-ley_, and I believe that both these names are common all through England. Like _Horseley, Ashley, Oakley_ and a thousand other _leas_ or _leys_ distinguished from each other by some local characteristic. _Coverley_ was probably not _Cowley_, but, like _Woodley_, _Orchardleigh_, &c., derived from its local position.

In answer to the query as to the statistics of the Roman Catholic Church, p. 61. Number 4, I think I may say there is no such _general_ work, though the _Propaganda_ of Rome was said to register something of that sort. The information is only to be picked up from various and (as far as I know) all imperfect publications. The least so that I can just now refer to is the _Statistics of the Roman Catholic Church of Ireland_, in Thom's _Dublin Almanack_--a very curious and useful compilation.

In reply to the inquiry as to a _priest's wife_, p. 77 Number 5, I would suggest that married persons may have separated, and retired each into the celibacy of a convent, yet might join, when necessary, in a legal conveyance; but I should examine closely the word deciphered _clericus_.

To J.J., who inquires about "_Whelps_," and refers to Howell's _Letters_, sect. 5 p. 9, I beg leave to suggest more precision in his future references. The passage is in one (viz. the viii.) of the 42 letters of the 5th section; but in the last and best edition (Lond. 1754) it is p. 204. I note this to inculcate the necessity of accurate references and mention of the edition quoted. As to the query itself, I can answer that the "_whelps_" were a class, perhaps I might say a _litter_, of light men-of-war of the fifth rate, which were so called, perhaps, after one named the "_Lion's Whelp_," in Queen Elizabeth's navy, and distinguished by numbers, as "_1st Whelp_," "_2nd Whelp_," and so on to at least "_10th Whelp_," which is to be found in a list of the navy in 1651. She was of 180 tons, and carried 18 guns and 60 men. It seems not easy to account for this class of vessels having been rated so high as 5th rates, but I suppose they were a favourite and favoured class.

In reference to the discovery of America by Madoc, pp. 7 12 25 57, it may amuse your readers to be informed that Seneca shadows forth such a discovery:--

"Venient annis sæcula seris Quibus Oceanus vincula rerum Laxet, et ingens pateat tellus, Ichthysque novos deteget orbes; Nec sit terris ultima Thule." _Medea_, act ii, ad finem, v. 375.

"A vaticination," says the commentator, "of the Spanish discovery of America." It is certainly a curious passage.

C.

* * * * *

QUERIES.

BERKELEY'S THEORY OF VISION VINDICATED.

In Mr. Dugald Stewart's _Dissertation on the Progress of Metaphysical Philosophy_ he says of Lord Shaftesbury's work entitled _Characteristics_--

"It seemed to have the power of changing the temper of its critics. It provoked the amiable Berkeley to a harshness equally unwonted and unwarranted; while it softened the rugged Warburton so far as to dispose the fierce, yet not altogether ungenerous, polemic to price an enemy in the very heat of conflict."

To this passage is appended the following note:--

"Berkeley's _Minute Philosopher_, Dialogue 3; but especially his _Theory of Vision Vindicated_, London, 1733 (not republished in the quarto edition of his works), where this most excellent man sinks for a moment to the level of a railing polemic."

Can you or any of your readers do me the favour to inform me whether the tract here referred to has been included in any subsequent edition of the Bishop's works, and, if not, where it is to be met with?

B.G.

* * * * *

DR. JOHNSON AND PROFESSOR DE MORGAN.

Mr. Editor,--Although your cleverly conceived publication may be considered as more applicable to men of letters than to men of figures, yet I doubt not you will entertain the subject I am about to propound: because, in the first place, "whole generations of men of letters" are implicated in the criticism; and, in the next place, because however great, as a man of figures, the critic may be, the man of letters criticised was assuredly greater.

Professor de Morgan has discovered a flaw in the great Johnson! and, in obedience to your epigraph, "_when found make a note of it_," he _has_ made a note of it at the foot of page 7, of _The Companion to the Almanac for 1850_,--eccola:--

"The following will show that a palpable absurdity will pass before the eyes of _generations of men of letters_ without notice. In Boswell's _Life of Johnson_ (chapter viii. of the edition with chapters), there is given a conversation between Dr. Adams and Johnson, in which the latter asserts that he could finish his Dictionary in three years.

"ADAMS. 'But the French Academy, which consists of forty members, took forty years to compile their Dictionary.'--JOHNSON. 'Sir, thus it is. This is the proportion. Let me see: forty times forty is sixteen hundred, so is the proportion of an Englishman to a Frenchman.'

No one of the numerous editors of Boswell has _made a note upon this_, although many things as slight have been commented upon: it was certainly not Johnson's mistake, for he was a clear-headed arithmetician. How many of our readers will stare and wonder what we are talking about, and what the mistake is!"

Certes, I for one, plead guilty to staring, and wondering what the Professor is talking about.

I cannot for a moment imagine it possible, that he could base such a criticism, so announced, upon no better foundation than that mere verbal transposition of the words Englishman and Frenchman.

The inversion deceives no person, and it is almost more appropriate to the colloquial jocularity of the great Lexicographer's bombast than if the enunciation had been more strictly according to rule. Besides, the correctness of the expression, even as it stand, is capable of defence. Let the third and fourth terms be understood as referring to _time_ instead of to _power_, and the proportion becomes "as three to sixteen hundred, so is" (the time required by) "an Englishman to" (that required for the same work by) "a Frenchman."

Or, if natives be referred to in the plural,--then, as three to sixteen hundred, so are

Englishmen to Frenchmen;

that is, such is the number of each required for the same amount of work.

But I repeat that I cannot conceive a criticism so trifling and questionable can have been the true aim of professor de Morgan's note, and as I am unable to discover any other flaw in the Doctor's proportion, according to the premises, _my query_, Mr. Editor, has for its object to learn

_"What the mistake is?"_

B.

* * * * *

CARACCIOLI'S LIFE OF LORD CLIVE.

Sir,--Can you, or any of your readers, give me any information relating to Caraccioli's _Life of Lord Clive_? It is a book in four bulky octavo volumes, without date published, I believe, at different periods, about the year 1780--perhaps some years later. It enjoys the distinction of being about the worst book that was ever published. It bears, on its title-page, the name of "Charles Caraccioli, Gent." A writer in the _Calcutta Review_, incidentally alluding to the book, says that "it is said to have been written by a member of one of the councils over which Clive presided; but the writer, being obviously better acquainted with his lordship's personal doings in Europe than in Asia, the work savours strongly of home-manufacture, and has all the appearance of being the joint composition of a discarded valet and a bookseller's hack." The last hypothesis appears very probable. Internal evidence is greatly in its favour. Can any of your readers tell me who was "Charles Caraccioli, Gent.,"--when the atrocity which bears his name was published,--or any thing about the man or his book? Probably some notice of it may be found in the _Monthly Review_, the _Gentleman's Magazine_, or some other periodical of the last century. The writer, indeed, speaks of his first volume having been reviewed with "unprecedented" severity. Perhaps you can help me to the dates of some notices of this book. The work I believe to be scarce. The copy in my possession is the only complete one I have seen; but I once stumbled upon an odd volume at a book-stall. It is such a book as Lord Clive's family would have done well in buying up; and it is not improbable that an attempt was made to suppress it. The success of your journal is greatly dependent upon the brevity of your correspondents; so no more, even in commendation of its design, from yours obediently,

K.

Covent Garden, Dec. 5. 1849.

* * * * *

ON SOME SUPPRESSED PASSAGES IN W. CARTWRIGHT'S POEMS.

As I want my doubts cleared up on a literary point of some importance, I thought I could not do better than state them in your "NOTES AND QUERIES."

I have before me a copy of the not by any means rare volume, called _Comedies, Tragi-Comedies, with other Poems, by Mr. William Cartwright_, 8vo. 1651, with the portrait by Lombart. Though the book may be called a common one, I apprehend that my copy of it is in an uncommon state, for I find in it certain leaves as they were originally printed, and certain other leaves as they were afterwards substituted. The fact must have been that after the volume was published by H. Moseley, the bookseller, it was called in again, and particular passages suppressed and excluded.

These passages are three in number, and occur respectively on pp. 301, 302, and 305; and the two first occur in a poem headed "On the Queen's Return from the Low Countries," an event which occurred only shortly before the death of Cartwright, which took place on 23d Dec. 1643.

This poem consists, in my perfect copy, of eight stanzas, but two stanzas are expunged on the cancelled leaf, viz. the second and the fifth; the second runs as follows:--

"When greater tempests, than on sea before, Receiv'd her on the shore, When she was shot at _for the king's own good_, By legions hir'd to bloud; How bravely did she do, how bravely bear! And shew'd, though they durst rage, she durst not fear."

The queen landed at Burlington on 22nd Feb. 1642, so that Cartwright may have written what precedes; but how could he have written what follows, the fifth stanza of the poem, which mentions an event that did not occur until six or seven years afterwards?

"Look on her enemies, on their Godly lies, Their holy perjuries, Their curs'd encrease of much ill gotten wealth, By rapine or by stealth, Their crafty friendship knit in equall guilt, And the Crown-Martyr's bloud so lately spilt."

Hence arises my first question--if Cartwright were not the author of this poem, who was? Although Izaac Walton, Jasper Mayne, James Howell, Sir John Birkenhead, and a host of other versifyers, introduce the volume with "laudatory lays," we are not to suppose that they meant to vouch for the genuineness of every production therein inserted and imputed to Cartwright. Was the whole poem "On the Queen's Return" foisted in, or only the two stanzas above quoted, which were excluded when the book was called in?

The next poem on which I have any remark to make immediately succeeds that "on the Queen's Return," and is entitled "Upon the Death of the Right Valiant Sir Bevill Grenvill, Knight," who, we know from Lord Clarendon, was killed at Lansdown on 5th July, 1643, only five months before the death of Cartwright, who is supposed to have celebrated his fall. This production is incomplete, and the subsequent twelve lines on p. 305, are omitted in the ordinary copies of Cartwright's _Comedies, Tragi-Comedies, with other Poems_:--

"You now that boast the spirit, and its sway, Shew us his second, and wee'l give the day: We know your politique axiom, _Lurk, or fly_; Ye cannot conquer, 'cause you dare not dye: And though you thank God that you lost none there, 'Cause they were such who _liv'd_ not when they were; Yet your great Generall (who doth rise and fall, As his successes do, whom you dare call, As Fame unto you doth reports dispence, Either a---- or his Excellence) Howe'r he reigns now by unheard-of laws, Could wish his fate together with his cause."

It is clear to me, that these lines could not have been written in 1643, soon after the death of Sir B. Grenvill; and, supposing any part of the poem to have come from the pen of Cartwright, they must have been interpolated after the elevation of Cromwell to supreme power.

I have thrown out these points for information, and it is probable that some of your readers will be able to afford it: if able, I conclude they will be willing.

It may be an error to fancy that the copy of Cartwright now in my hands, containing the cancelled and uncancelled leaves, is a rarity; but although in my time I have inspected at least thirty copies of his _Comedies, Tragi-Comedies, with other Poems_, I certainly never met with one before with this peculiarity. On this matter, also, I hope for enlightenment.

Do the stanzas "on the Queen's Return" and the lines on the Death of Sir B. Grenvill exist in any of the various collections of State Poems?

INVESTIGATOR.

* * * * *

MINOR QUERIES.

_Christencat._

In Day's edition of Tyndale's Works, Lond. 1573, at p. 476, Tyndale says:--

"Had he" [Sir Thomas More] "not come begging for the clergy from purgatory, with his _supplication of souls_--nor the poor soul and proctor been there with his bloody bishop Christen catte, so far conjured into his own Utopia."

I take the word to be _Christencat_; but its two parts are so divided by the position of _Christen_ at the end of one line, and _catte_ at the beginning of the next as to prevent it from being certain that they form one word. But I would gladly learn from any of your correspondents, whether the name of Christencat, or Christian-cat, is that of any bishop personified in the _Old Moralities_, or known to have been the satirical sobriquet for any bishop of Henry VIII's time. The text would suggest the expectation of its occurring either in More's _Utopia_, or in his _Supplication of Souls_, but I cannot find it in either of them.

HENRY WALTER.

* * * * *

_Hexameter Verses in the Scriptures._

Sir,--I shall feel obliged to any of your readers who will refer me to an hexameter line in the authorised English version of the _Old Testament_.

The following are two examples in the _New Testament._

_ U U | _ _ | _ _ | _ _ | _ U U|_ _ || Art thou he | that should | come or | do we | look for a|nother. ||

_ _ | _ _ | _ _ | _ _ | _ U U| _ _ || Husbands | love your | wives and | be not | bitter a|gainst them. ||

W.J.B.R.

NOTES ON BOOKS--CATALOGUES, SALES, ETC.

The extraordinary collection of the works of Daniel Defoe formed by Mr. Walter Wilson, his biographer, which at his sale realised the sum of 50_l_., and which had been rendered still further complete by the addition of upwards of forty pieces by the recent possessor, when sold by Messrs. Puttick and Simpson, on Wednesday, the 5th instant, produced no less than 71_l_. Mr. Toovey was the purchaser.

The Shakspeare Society have just issued a very interesting volume, the nature of which is well described by its ample title-page:--

"Inigo Jones. A Life of the Architect, by Peter Cunningham, Esq. Remarks on some of his Sketches for Masques and Dramas, by J.R. Planché, Esq.; and Five Court Masques. Edited from the original MSS. of Ben Jonson, John Marston, etc., by John Payne Collier, Esq.; accompanied by Facsimiles of Drawings by Inigo Jones; and by a Portrait from a Painting by Vandyck."

Many particulars in the memoir are new in the biography of the great architect. Mr. Planché's too brief _Remarks on the Costume_ make us join with Mr. Collier in regretting that he did not extend to all the plates "the resources of his attainments and talents;" while the five masques and the general preface, contributed by Mr. Collier, form by no means the least valuable portion of a volume which cannot fail to give satisfaction to all the members of the society by which it is issued.

Mr. Kerslake, of Bristol, has just issued a small Catalogue of Books bought at Brockley Hall, and some which formerly belonged to Browne Willis, which contains some interesting articles, such as No. 222, M'Cormick's Memoirs of Burke, with numerous MS. notes throughout by J. Horne Tooke; the first edition of Wit's Recreation, 1640, with a MS. note by Sir F. Freeling:--"I have never seen another perfect copy of the first edition." That in Longman's _Bib. Ang. Poetica_, wanted frontispiece and 4 leaves, and was priced 7_l_. 7_s_.

Messrs. Puttick and Simpson, who have during the present week been selling the curious Dramatic Library, printed and manuscript, and the theatrical portraits of the late Mr. James Winston, will commence, on Monday, the sale of Mr. Mitchell's Collection of Autograph Letters. The most interesting portion of these are eight-and-forty unpublished letters by Garrick, among which is one written to his brother Peter, commenced on the day on which he made his appearance on the London boards and finished on the following. In it he communicates his change of occupation to his brother, premising that since he had been in business he had "run out four hundred pounds, and found trade not increasing," and had now begun to think of some way of redeeming his fortune. "_My mind (as you know) has always been inclined to the stage_; nay, so strongly so, that all my illness and lowness of spirits was owing to my want of resolution to tell you my thoughts when here.... Though I know you will be displeased with me, yet I hope when you shall find that I may have the genius of an actor without the vices, you will think less severe of me, and not be ashamed to own me for a brother." He makes an offer as to the transfer of his business, stock, &c. "_Last night I played Richard the Third to the surprise of every body_; and as I shall make very near 300_l_. per annum of it, and as it is really what I doat upon, I am resolved to pursue it." In a postscript, he adds, "I have a farce (_The Lying Valet_), coming out at Drury-lane." And his progress in his new profession is shown in another letter, addressed also to his brother Peter, on the 19th of April following, in which, after mentioning some affairs of business connected with their wine trade, he says: