North Dakota: A Guide to the Northern Prairie State

il. Author's hunting experiences on the western plains, told in the

Chapter 26,837 wordsPublic domain

profuse style of the day.

Palmer, Bertha Rachel. _Beauty Spots of North Dakota._ Boston, Richard G. Badger, 1928. o. p. 266 p. il. History and description of interesting points in the State.

Putnam, Grace Brown and Ackermann, Anna. _North Dakota Singing._ New York, Paebar Company, 1936. 252 p. An anthology of poems by North Dakota authors compiled by two residents of the State.

Rickaby, Franz. _Ballads and Songs of the Shantyboy._ Boston, Harvard University Press, 1926. o. p. 244 p. il. Lumbermen's songs, many learned by the editor from North Dakota men who had worked in the north woods. Includes music.

Rollins, Philip A. _The Cowboy._ New York, Charles Scribner's Sons, 1926. o. p. 363 p. il. The part played by the cowboy in the development of the West.

Rolvaag, O. E. _Giants in the Earth._ New York, Harpers, 1924. 465 p. A story of Norse immigrants to Dakota based on true incidents.

Rolvaag, O. E. _Peder Victorious._ New York, Harpers, 1921. 350 p. A sequel to _Giants in the Earth_, this novel tells the story of the second generation in the Norwegian colony.

Roosevelt, Theodore. _Hunting Adventures in the West._ New York, G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1927. o. p. 372 p. Contains descriptions of hunting expeditions at his Badlands ranch.

Roosevelt, Theodore. _Hunting in Many Lands._ New York, Forest and Stream Publishing Company, 1895. o. p. 447 p. il. The book of the Boone and Crockett Club, edited by Roosevelt and George Bird Grinnell, in which Roosevelt includes a Chapter entitled "Hunting in the Cattle Country."

Roosevelt, Theodore. _Hunting Trips of a Ranchman._ New York and London, G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1885. o. p. 318 p. il. Roosevelt's own story of his life in North Dakota.

Roosevelt, Theodore. _The Wilderness Hunter._ New York and London, G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1922. o. p. 296 p. 2 v. Sketches of sport on the northern cattle plains.

Rowbotham, Frances Jameson. _A Trip to Prairie-Land._ London, S. Low, Marston, Searle, and Rivington, 1885. o. p. 243 p. An interesting story of social life and customs of pioneer Dakota.

Stefansson, Vilhjalmur. _My Life with the Eskimo._ New York, Macmillan, 1913. o. p. 539 p. il. A fascinating autobiography of the North Dakota explorer's experiences during the expedition in which he discovered the white Eskimo colony.

Tooker, Richard. _The Day of the Brown Horde._ New York, Payson and Clarke, Ltd., 1929. 309 p. A story of prehistoric days.

Wilkins, Sir Hubert. _Flying the Arctic._ New York, G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1928. 336 p. il. Describes the expedition from Fairbanks to Point Barrow, Spitzbergen, claimed by Stefansson and Amundson to be the greatest flight in history. Carl Ben Eielson, North Dakota aviator, was pilot for the flight.

Winsted, Huldah Lucille. _North Dakota, Land of the Sky and other poems._ Minot, North Dakota, 1927. A collection of North Dakota verses.

INDEX

Boldface figure indicates main reference of item

Abercrombie, 195

Absaroke Indians (_see_ Indians, Hidatsa)

Accommodations, xviii

Acton Hall, 188

Agriculture Agrarian revolt against Eastern capitalism, 4, 51-53, 55-56; agricultural belts, 60; agricultural experiments, 140; among Indians, 25-26; bonanza farming, 59, 62-63, 134, 185, 193, 197, 249, 278, 308; cattle, 67, 272, 328; dairying, 293; experiment stations, 235, 291, 296, 312; expositions, 70-71, 273; farm ownership, 63; farm produce, 129; farms, size of, 59, 60, 63; first white agricultural community in State, 60, 186; flax, 65; grain marketing, 73, 74; grain production, 65, 66; hogs, 66-67; homesteading, 60-61, 64; miscellaneous agricultural products, 65-68; potatoes, 65-66, 188, 189, 191, 221; poultry, 67-68, 211, 221, 254; ranching, 64, 65, 224, 225-26, 254, 275, 298, 299-300, 318, 323, 330; rural life, 69-71; rural population, 60; seed, 118; sheep, 67; soil conservation, 11, 59, 68; sugar beets, 66, 188, 220; wheat, 65

AGRICULTURE AND FARM LIFE, 59-71

Airports, xviii, 98 Bismarck, 111; Dawson, 286; Dickinson, 296; Fargo, 126, 194; Grand Forks, 145; Minot, 158; Pembina, 187

Akra, 234

Alexander, 220

Alice, 279

Alkabo, 12

Allen, J. D., Taxidermist Shop, 291

Allin, Roger, 52, 145, 201, 281

Altamont Moraine, 6, 256, 276, 285, 287

Ambrose, 219

American Fur Company, 39, 269, 270, 271, 319, 336

American Legion, 93

Amidon, 12, 223

Amlie, Thomas R., 309

Amphion Male Chorus, 130, 143

Anamoose, 273

Anderson, Maxwell, 155, 283

Angelus Bell (Walhalla), 245

_Anson Northrup_ (steamer), 196

Antelope, 294

Archeological Sites, 169, 210, 213, 216, 217, 227, 231, 248, 288, 304, 305, 310, 314, 319, 334, 335, 336

Archeology, 16-17, 282

ARCHITECTURE, 102-5 Rammed earth construction, 104, 324

Ardoch, 189

Argusville, 194

Arikara (_see_ Indians)

Armstrong, Moses, 46, 47, 49

Arnegard, 179, 221

Arrowood Migratory Refuge, 205

Artesian Wells, 11

Arvilla, 248

Arvilla Academy, 248

Arvold, A. G., 139

Ashley, 286

Ashtabula, 281

Assiniboin (_see_ Indians)

Assiniboine Island, 289

Assumption Abbey (Richardton), 294

Auburn, 188

Audubon, John James, 39

Babcock, E. J., 75, 156, 295

Bacon, J. D., 150

Badlands, 6, =174-78=, 222, 297, 323, 329, 330

Badlands, battle of, 43

Bagg, F. E., Farm, 197

Balfour, 274

Bank of North Dakota (Bismarck), 55-56, 125

Bankside Theatre (Grand Forks), 157

Bantry, 254

Barlow, 205

Barnard, Alonzo, 99

Bathgate, 233

Bartlett, 250

Baukol-Noonan Lignite Strip Mine (Noonan), 242

Beach, 303

Beadle, W. H. H., 90

Bear Den Hillock, 304

Beaver Creek Store, 212

Belcourt, 236

Belcourt, George Antoine, 88, 92, 236, 238, 245

Belden, 215

Belfield, 222, 296

Belknap, William W., 116

Belmont, 192

Benson County Agricultural School, 91

Bentonite, 3, 12, 295

Berthold, 255

Berwick, 253

Beulah, 320

Bicknell, Thomas W., 229

Bierens, G. C., 199

Big Butte, legend of, 241

Big Game Hunting, 322

Big Mound, battle of, 42, 285-86

Big White's Mandan Village, 336

Binford, 311

Birch Creek Historic Site, 303

Bird-banding Stations, 199, 209

Bird Island Game Reserve, 311

Bird Woman (_see_ Sakakawea)

Birdzell, L. E., 54

Birkbough, Elias Konrad, 79

BISMARCK, 111-26 Map, 112; miscellaneous references, 48, 49, 209, 289

Bismarck _Capital_ (newspaper), 118

Bismarck-Deadwood Trail, 232

Bismarck _Sun_ (newspaper), 116

Bismarck _Tribune_ (newspaper), 99, 115, 116, 118

Bison (_see_ Buffalo)

Black Building (Fargo), 140

Black Butte, 6, 9, 224 Legend of, 224-25

Black Cat's Village, 336

Black Hills Expedition, 97, 323

Black Hills Gold Rush, 116

Black, "Mustache" Maude, 317

Blaisdell, 256

Bliss, Col. Paul S., 324

Blue Buttes, 259

Bodmer, Carl, 39

Bohemians, 83

Bolley, H. L., 140

Bonanza Farms (_see_ Agriculture)

Bonza, Pierre, 38, 186

Bottineau, 238

Bottineau, Pierre, 43, 238, 310

Boulder Rings, 17

Bowbells, 276

Bowen, A. C., 54

Bowesmont, 187

Bowman, 225, 326

Boyce, W. D., 305

Boy Scout Building and Park (Lisbon), 305

Boy Scout Camps, 216, 240, 263, 265

Boyer, Alden Scott, 325

Breien, 313

Briggs, Frank, 52

Brinsmade, 204

Bruce, Andrew, 53

Bruflat Academy (Portland), 201

Brushy Banks, 323

Buchanan, 205

Bucyrus, 325

Buffalo Bones, 73, 324; hunts, 186, 246-47, 273; last hunt in State, 323-24; parks, 189, 232; miscellaneous references, 197, 233, 244, 268, 275, 305

Buffalo (town), 279

Buffalo Creek Historic Site, 280

Buffalo Springs, 326

Buford, 269

Burgois Indian Village Site, 217, 337

Burial Mounds (_see_ Mounds)

Burke, Andrew, 51

Burke, John, 52-53, 236

Burleigh, Walter, 46, 114

Burleightown, 114

Burlington, 162, 274

Burman Historic Site, 286

Burning Coal Mines, 176, 180, 223, 229, 293

Burnstad, 286

Burnt Creek, battle of, 217-18

Burt, 230

Burtness, O. B., 265

Burtness Scenic Highway, 265

Bus and Truck Lines, 97, 98, 163

Butte de Morale, 273

Buxton, 191

C P Ranch, 275

Cairn (Bismarck), 124

Caledonia, 193

Camel's Hump Butte, 302

Camp Arnold Historic Site, 280

Camp Atcheson Historic Site, 310

Campbell's Beach, 201

Camp Comfort, 234

Camp Corning Historic Site, 308

Camp Grafton, 265

Camp Grassick, 286

Camp Greeley (_see_ Camp Hancock)

Camp Hancock, 114, 125

Camp Hayes, site of, 305

Camp Johnson, 303

Camp Kimball Historic Site, 272

Camp Pope, 308

Camp Sheardown Historic Site, 280

Camp Weiser Historic Site, 304

Canadians, 82, 187, 195

Cando, 203

Cannonball, 314

Cannonball River, 8, 20, 30, 229, 313

"Cannonballs", 8, 313

Capital Removal, Territorial, 48

Capitol (Bismarck), 102, 112, =119-21= Burning of, 118

Carleton City, 114

Carpio, 275

Carrington, 205, 272

Carson, 231

Cartwright, 220

Casey, Lyman, 50

Casselton, 278

"Catfish Joe", 149

Cathedral Butte, 180

Catlin, George, 20, 26, 39, 95, 217

Cavalier, 233

Cavileer, Charles, 40, 60, 72, 186, 190, 233, 244

CCC Camps, 178, 181, 205, 222, 240, 241

Cedar Creek Anticline, 328

Cement, 235

Cemeteries Fort Buford Military, 270; Holy Cross, 194; Oakwood (Lisbon), 305; Protestant (Walhalla), 245; Rosehill (Minot), 165; St. Mary's (Bismarck), 126

Center, 318

Central High School (Grand Forks), 152

Centralia, 132

Cesky Zakopnik, 313

Chaboillez, Charles, 37, 185

Chalky Butte, 9, 12, 223

Charbonneau, Baptiste, 122

Charbonneau, Touissant, 38, 122, 319, 335

Chaska Historic Site, 287

Chautauqua, 264

Cheyenne (_see_ Indians)

Cheyenne Indian Village Site, 305

Children's Bureau, 94

Chimney Butte Ranch, 123, 299

Chippewa (_see_ Indians)

Chippewa-Sioux Treaty, 197

Chisholm, Haile, 123

Chisholm Trail, 219, 326

Christine, 195

Churches, =91-93=, 117-18, 283 Athenais Chapel (Medora), 300; First Lutheran (Fargo), 141; First Presbyterian (Fargo), 141; Roman Catholic (Bismarck), 117; Russian Orthodox Greek Catholic (Wilton), 209; St. Mary's Cathedral (Fargo), 144; SS. Peter & Paul Greek Catholic (Wilton), 209; United Lutheran (Grand Forks), 104

Churchs Ferry, 251

City Hall Museum (Rugby), 253

Clark, William, 122, 336 (_see also_ Lewis and Clark Expedition)

Clay, 9, 11, 293, 296

Cleveland, 285

Climate, xviii, 6-7, 59

Clyde, 235

Coe, Henry Waldo, 165

Coleharbor, 208

Coliseum, 322

Columbus, 242

Columnar Cedars, 223

Comanche, 172

Concrete, 235

Congregational Conference of North Dakota Bible Camp, 240

Conservation, 14, 15, 58, 59, 68, 69, 189, 254, 268, 275, 276, 285, 286, 311

Constitutional Convention, 49

CONTEMPORARY NORTH DAKOTA, 3-4

Cooke, Jay, & Co., 44

Cooperatives, 4, 74, 201, 215, 240, 262, 273

Cooperstown, 309

Corliss, Guy C. H., 50

Coteau des Prairies, 5

Coteau du Plateau du Missouri, 6, 219

County Seat Controversies, 46-47, 162, 193, 200, 273, 306, 309

Court, Ignatius, 266, 268

Courthouses Adams County (Hettinger), 325; Barnes County (Valley City), 281; Burleigh County (Bismarck), 124; Emmons County (Linton), 210; Grand Forks County (Grand Forks), 152; Hettinger County (Mott), 230; McIntosh County (Ashley), 287; Mountrail County (Stanley), 256; Richland County (Wahpeton), 198; Ward County (Minot), 164-65

Crawford, Lewis, 40, 53

Crazy Man's Coulee, 262

Cream of Wheat, 150, 250

Creeks Andrews, 330; Apple, 288; Ash Coulee, 330; Bald Hill, 308; Beicegel, 331; Burnt, 217, 337; Chaloner, 178; Charlie Bob, 332; Cherry, 332; Douglas, 335; Elk, 332; Garrison, 211, 334; Government, 180, 330; Hans, 333; Hay, 327; Hidden Wood (Flat), 323; Knutson, 330; Jim's, 332; Jones, 180; Juel, 180, 330; Little Beaver, 8, 327; Little Muddy, 220, 259; Magpie, 331; Oak, 238; Paddock, 180, 330; Redwing, 331; Sheep, 330; Snake, 335; Spring, 319; Square Butte, 318, 337; Squaw, 179; Stony, 259; Thirty Mile, 230; Tobacco Garden, 258, 332; Wannagan, 330

Creel City, 250

Creel's Bay, 264

Crosby, 243

Crow Flies High Butte, 257

Crow Indians, 213, 214

Crucifix, 188

Crystal Springs, 285

Crystal Springs Stock Farm, 249

Cummings, 192

Cusac Springs Farm, 259

Custer, Gen. Geo. A., 42, =44-46=, 97, 116, 144, =171-72=, 266, 294, 296

Custer Black Hills Expedition, 97, 323

Custer Hill, 296

Custer, Tom, 171, 316

Custer Trail Ranch, 301

Customs Regulations, xviii

Czechs, 189, 313

Dakota _Freie Presse_ (newspaper), 118

Dakota, meaning of, 36

Dakota _State Journal_ (newspaper), 164

Dakota Territory Creation, 35; government, 46-48; size, 46-47

Dalrymple Bonanza Farm, 62, 278

Danes, 78, 83

Danzig, 286

Davis, Hannah E., 154

Dawson, 286

Dazey, 308

Dead Man's Gulch, 321

Deapolis, 336

Democratic Party, 51-52, 53, 57

de Mores, Marquis, 74, 117, 298, 299, 300-1

de Mores State Park, 300-1

de Mores Storage Plant (Bismarck), 125

Denbigh Reforestation Project, 254

Densmore, Frances, 22

de Remer, Joseph Bell, 119

_Der Staats Anzeiger_ (newspaper), 118

Des Lacs, 255

Des Lacs Lake Migratory Waterfowl Project, 276

Des Lacs River, 272

De Smet, J. P., 292, 312

Devil's Ears, 268

Devil's Heart, 265

Devils Lake, 6, 204, 250, 263, 264

Devils Lake (city), 250-51, 263

Devil's Tooth, 268

Devine, Joseph M., 52

DeVolne Flats (Fargo), 142

Dewitt Spring, 243

Diamond C Ranch, 321

Dickinson, 11, 295

Dickinson Fire and Pressed Brick Company, 296

Dickinson State Normal School, 296

Dickinson Sub-station, 296

Dodge, 320

Dog Tooth Buttes, 232

Donnybrook, 275

Dovre Moraine, 310

Dovre Ski Slide (Fargo), 143

Doyon, 250

Drake, 273

Drayton, 188

Drift Prairie, =5-6=, 10, 233, 248, 276

Driscoll, 287

Dude Ranch, 301

Dunkers (Dunkards), 93, 203

Dunn Center, 321

Dunseith, 237

Dutch, 78, 83, 210

Dwight, 197

Eagle Pits, 224

Eagle Rock, 322

Eaton Dam, 254

Eaton, Howard, Ranch, 301, 331

Eckelson, 282

Edgeley, 206

Edmunds, 205

Edmunds, Newton, 47

Education (_see_ Schools)

Edwinton, 114

Eielson, Carl Ben, 79, 202

Elbowoods, 214, 334

Eldridge, 285

Elephant's Pass, 322

Elgin, 230

Elkhorn Ranch, site of, 330

Elk River, 10

Elk River Valley Farm, 249

Ellendale, 206

Elmer, O. H., 133

Enabling Act, 49, 89

Epping, 259

Epping-Springbrook Dam, 259

Equity Exchange, 53-54

Expansion, 334

Fairmount, 199

Fancher, Frederick B., 52

FARGO, 126-44 Map, 127; miscellaneous references, 48, 194, 278

Fargo, William G., 131, 136

Fargo College, 143

Fargo _Express_ (newspaper), 99, 136

Fargo _Forum_ (newspaper), 99, 136

Faribault, Alexander, 197

Farmers' Alliance, 51-52

Farming (_see_ Agriculture)

Farmers' Union, 4, 163, 262

_Far West_ (steamer), 45, 115, 172

Father Genin Mission House, 134

Fauna, 12, 14-15, 177

Federal Buildings Bismarck, 125; Fargo, 141; Grand Forks, 151

Fessenden, 273

Finns, 83, 215, 230, 307

First White Child Born in State, 38, 186

Fishing, xviii-xix, 106, 263, 265

Fisk, Capt. James L., Expeditions, 43, 273, 281, 310, 326

"Five Thousands", 291

Five Villages, 319

Fjelde, Jacob, 198

Fjelde, Paul, 79, 201, 281

Flasher, 232

Flat Top Butte, battle of, 302

Flaxton, 276

"Flickertail State", 15

Flint Quarries, 16, 294

Flora and Fauna, xviii-xix, 12-15, 176-77

Foley, James W., 118, 173

Folklore, 84-87 Holiday observances, 84-85; social customs, 85; other customs, 86-87; superstitions, 87; (_see also_ Indian Legends)

Forbes, Maj. William H., 269

Forts Abercrombie, 41, 148, 149, 196-97, 305; Abraham Lincoln, 42, 116, 169-73, 270; Berthold, 212, 215, 334; Buford, 39, 41, 216, 260, 269; Clark, 336; Cross (see Fort Seward), Dilts, 43, 326-27; Lewis, 335; Lincoln, 42, 289; Mandan, 38; Manuel Lisa, 335; McKeen, 41-42, 114, 169, 170; Mortimer, 271; Pembina, 41, 148, 187; Ransom, 41, 282, 304; Rice, 41, 99; Sauerkraut, 293; Seward, 41, 282, 304; Stevenson, 41, 212, 215, 334; Totten, 41, 250, 266; Union, 99, 269; Vanderburgh, 335; William, 39, 270; Yates, 41, 42

Fort Abraham Lincoln State Park, 169-73, 291

Fort Berthold Indian Reservation, 32-34, 211-15, 332

Fort Clark (town), 336

Fort Ransom (town), 304

Fort Totten (town), 266

Fort Totten Indian Agency, 31-34, 265-69

Fortuna, 243

Fort Yates (town), 316

Fossils, 7-9, 223, 321

Four Bears Bridge, 214, 321, 334

Fox Hills Sandstone, 313

Foxholm, 275

Fox, Livingston and Company, 271

Frazier, Lynn J., 54-55, 57, 189

Fremont, John C., 303, 308, 310

French Canadians, 82, 187, 195

French Indians, 84, 245-47, 273, 308

Frog Point, 192

_Frontier Scout_ (newspaper), 99

Fuller's Earth, 235

Fur Farms, 74-75, 190

Fur Trade (_see_ Industry)

Gale Collection (Valley City), 281

Gall, Chief, 41, 270, 312, 315, 324

Gannon, Clell G., 105, 124

Gardar, 234

Gardner, 194

Garrison, 211

Gascoyne, 326

Gassman Coulee Trestle, 255

Gaston, Herbert, 54

GENERAL INFORMATION, xvii-xx

Genin, J. B. 134, 197, 265

Geographic Center of North America, 252

Geography, 5-6

Geology, 5-10

Gerard, F. F., 218

German Baptist Brethren, 93, 203

German Shepherd Dogs, 311

Germans, =80-82=, 118, 273

Glacial Era, 9, 10, 332

Glasston, 188

Glauber's Salt, 226, 256

Glen Ullin, 293

Godfrey, Gen. E. S., 45

God's Gardens, 180

Goiffon, Joseph, 187

Gold Rush to Black Hills, 116

"Gold Spike" Excursion, 48, 117

Golden Valley, 320

Good Furred Robe, 22

Good Samaritan School for Crippled Children (Fargo), 143

Gorman, Ed, Collection (Buffalo Springs), 326

Government, 49-50

Governor's Mansion (Bismarck), 123

Governors (_see by name_; _see also_ Territorial Governors)

Grace, Dick, 241

Grace, R. H., 54

Grafton, 188

Grafton State School, 90, 188

Grain Elevators, 104

Grain Trade, 53

GRAND FORKS, 145-58 Map, 146; miscellaneous references, 37, 41, 191, 248

Grand Forks County Farm and Hospital (Arvilla), 248

Grand Forks _Herald_ (newspaper), 100, 150, 151

Grand Forks _Plaindealer_ (newspaper), 100, 150

Grand Forks Silver Fox Farm, 190

Grandin, 193

Grandin Bonanza Farm, 193-94

Grandmother's Lodge, site of, 213, 334

Grand Rapids, 306

Grant, President U. S., 48, 117, 144

Granville, 254

Grass, John, 324

"Grasshoppering", 333

Grassy Butte, 222

Gray, Mrs. W. H., 209

Great Northern Railway, 44, =97=, 135, 147, 150, 160, 163, 220, 226, 261, 274

Great Northern Railway High Trestle, 255

Grenora, 12, 226

Griggs, Alexander, 40-41, 148, 149

Grinnell, George, 260-61

Grinnell, Josephine, 260-61

Gronna, A. J., 55, 191

Gros Ventres (_see_ Indians, Hidatsa)

H T Butte, 224

Hagan, John, 56

Hagedorn, Herman, 174

Hague, 211

Hair Hills (_see_ Pembina Mountains)

Half-breeds, 84, 245-47, 273, 308

Half Moon Indian Village Site, 216

Halliday, 321

Hallson, 234

Hamilton, 188, 233

Hancock, John M., 158

Hankinson, 199

Hanks, 225

Hanna, L. B., 53, 318

Hannaford, 308

Hansboro, 203

Hansbrough, Henry C., 50, 203

Harvey, 273

Harwood, 194

Hastings, 304

Hatton, 201-2

Havelock, 229

Hawksnest, 272

Haymow Theater (Langdon), 235

Haynes, 324

Hazelton, 210

Hazen, 319

Headquarters Hotel, site of (Fargo), 144

Heart Butte, 231

Heart River, 17, 18, 169, 231, 290, 291

Hebron, 293

Hebron Brick Plant, 293

Hector Airport (Fargo), 194

Heerman, Capt. Edward, 251

Height of Land, 6, 207, 303, 307

Hell's Hole, 180

Henry, Alexander, Jr., 37-38, 60, 147, 186 Site of trading post, 245

Hensel, 234

Herman Beach, 279

Hersey, H. T., 249

Hettinger, 325

Hickson, 195

Hidatsa (_see_ Indians)

Highlanders' Frolic, 238

Hi-Line Bridge, 281

Hill, James J., 44, 97, 148, 150, 192, 193, 249, 259

Hillsboro, 193

Historic Sites (_see by name_)

HISTORY, 35-58 Early history, 35; exploration, 36; settlement, 39; military posts, 41; Indian wars, 41-46; army and railway surveys, 43; territorial era, 46-49; admission to Union, 49; early statehood, 49-53; rise of Nonpartisan League, 51-55; recent events, 56-58

Hoffman, Nicholas, 148

Holding Eagle Farm, 212

Hollanders, 78, 83, 210

Holmes, D. M., 150

Holy Hill of the Mandans, 314

Homesteading, 60-61, 64

Hoople, 189

Hope, 309

Houston, D. H., Farm, 279

Hudson's Bay Company, 37, 39, 135, 149, 152, 186, 192, 200, 233, 246

Huff, 292

Hull, 211

Hungry Gulch, 258

Hunt, Jerome, 266, 268, 269

Hunting, XIX, 106-7, 203, 315 Big game, 322

I. O. O. F. Home (Devils Lake), 251

Icelanders, 83, 234-35

Immigration, 78

"Imperial" Ward County, 162

Independent Voters Association, 55, 56, 57

Indian Agencies Fort Totten, 31-34, 265-69; Standing Rock, 32-34, 312, 314-17, 323; (_see also_ Indian Reservations)

Indian Earth Lodges, 26-27, 113, 123, 169-70

Indian Fairs, 34, 107, 237, 315, 316

Indian Handicraft, 267

Indian Legends, 22-23, 28-30, 177, 213, 214, 216, 227, 264, 265, 268, 272, 282, 290, 292, 294, 302, 304, 305, 311, 314-15, 316, 322, 334, 335

Indian Linguistic Stocks, 20

Indian Musical Instruments, 267

Indian, Reservations Fort Berthold, 32-34, 211-15, 332; Turtle Mountain, 32-34, 236-37; Sisseton, 200; (_see also_ Indian Agencies)

Indian Resettlement Tract, 267

Indians Agricultural tribes, 18, 20-27; Arikara, =18=, 19, 20, 23, 30, 34, 212, 213, 216, 319, 335, 336; as racial group, 84; Assiniboin, 16, =19=, 31, 36; Cheyenne, 16, =18=, 19, 20, 30, 204, 305, 306; Chippewa, =19=, 20, 23, 29, 31, 34, 197, 233, 237, 246, 250, 252, 267; Crow, 213, 214; Hidatsa, =19-20=, 21, 30, 32-34, 38, 212, 214, 216, 319, 334, 335; Mandan, =17-27=, 30, 32-34, 36-38, 95, 102, 169, 212, 213, 216, 288, 292, 319, 335, 336; Messiah craze, 315; Sioux, 16, 19, 23-24, =27-29=, 30, 31, 34, 95, 197, 200, 252, 265, 267, 270, 290, 312, 314, 315, 323, 324, 326, 335; Sioux, campaigns against, =42-46=, 206, 285, 310, 321; smallpox epidemics among, 30, 335

INDIANS AND THEIR PREDECESSORS, 16-34

Indian Transportation, 27, 95

Indian Treaties, 31, 133, 197, 252

Indian Village Sites, 169, 216, 217, 288, 290, 292, 305, 319, 334, 335, 336

Indian Weapons, 21, 28, 294

INDUSTRY AND LABOR, 72-77 Activated carbon, 75, 295; bentonite, 76, 215, 296; clay, 75, 293, 296; cooperatives (_see_ Cooperatives); early fur trade, 37, 39-40, 72, 185-86, 190, 245, 269-71; early industry, 73-74; fur farms, 74-75, 190; industrial organization, 76; lignite, 8, =9=, =11=, 73, 75, 118, 160, 164, 208, 209, 211, 228, 230, 242, 248, 274, 275, 295, 318, 319-20, 326; meat packing, 74, 190, 278, 298; milling, 74; miscellaneous mineral products, 76; value of manufactures, 72

_International_ (steamer), 192

International Peace Garden, 236, 238

Inyan Bosdata, 304, 316

Irrigation, 59, 64, 220, 254, 259, 275

Ivers, M. U., Collection (Christine), 195

Jacobson Collection (Watford City), 221

James River, 6, 205, 282, 303, 306

Jamestown, 48, 205, 282-85

Jamestown College, 50, 89, 284

Jamestown _Daily Alert_ (newspaper), 205-6

Jayne, William, 46

Jenks, A. E., 248

Johnson, Edwin F., 114

Johnson, Sveinbjorn, 235

Joliette, 187

Joseph, Chief, 41, 270

Juvenile Delinquency, 93

KDLR (Devils Lake), 251

KFJM (Grand Forks), 100, 152, 156

KFYR (Bismarck), 118, 288

KGCU (Mandan), 291

KLPM (Minot), 164

KOVC (Valley City), 280

KRMC (Jamestown), 284

Kellogg, Mark, 45-46, 115

Kenmare, 276

Keogh, Capt. Myles, 172

Killdeer, 321

Killdeer Mountains, 9, 10, 12, 321 Battle of, 42, 296, 321

Kincaid, 241

Kindred, 195

Kittson House, 245

Kittson, Norman, 40, 91, 186, 245

Klebe, Henry, Collections, 240

Knife River, 16, 18, 319, 335

Knife River Lignite Mine (Beulah), 319

Knox, 252

Koch, Frederick, 157

Kramer, 240

Krauth, Emil, Butterfly Collection (Hebron), 293

Kurke, William F., 119, 141

Ladd, E. F., 55, 56

Lake Agassiz, 5, =10=, 185, 200, 244, 279

Lake Dakota, 303, 307

Lake George Migratory Waterfowl Refuge, 285

Lake Region Ski Slide, 266

Lake Souris, =10=, 207, 233, 244, 248, 253, 276

Lake Superior and Puget Sound Company, 114, 131, 133

Lakes Ardoch, 189; Arrowood, 205; Beaver, 286; Carpenter, 256; Court, 268; Crystal Springs, 285; Des Lacs, 276; Devils, 6, 204, 250, 263, 264; Fertile Valley No. 2, 226; George, 285; Green, 286; Gravel, 236; Hiawatha, 272; Hoskins, 286; Ibsen, 252; Isabel, 286; Jessie, 263; Jessie (Binford), 310; Lac Aux Mortes, 204; Long, 209; Long (Turtle Mountains), 236; McKone, 12; Metigoshe, 240; Miller, 12; Minnekosh, 259; North, 12; Oak, 236; Pesheck, 221; Pleasant, 252; Pursian, 287; Red Willow, 311; Regent, 229; Rock, 203; Salt, 285; Sibley, 310; Snyder, 203; Spiritwood, 282; Stump, 6, 311; Sweetwater, 251; Upsilon, 236; Wildwood, 216, 337; Wood, 265

Lakewood Park, 264

Lakota, 250

LaMoure, 306

LaMoure, Judson, 51, 306

Langdon, 235

Langer, William, 55, 57, 58, 80, 278

Laramie Treaty, 292

Larimore, 249

Larpenteur, Charles, 271

Larson, 242

Larson Indian Village Site, 216

la Salle, Sieur de, 35

_Leader_ (newspaper), 118

Leeds, 252

Lehigh, 295

Lehigh Briquetting Plant, 295

Leith, 231

Lemke, William, 56

Le Page, Baptiste, 329

le Raye, Charles, 39, 320

Leroy, 246

Lewis and Clark Bridge, 220

Lewis and Clark Expedition, 30, =38-39=, 114, 122, 208, 215, 260, 319, 330, 335, 336

Lewis, Sinclair, Farm, 189

Liberty Memorial Bridge, 289, 337

Liberty Memorial Building (Bismarck), 121

Libraries, 69, 91 Alfred Dickey Memorial (Jamestown), 284; Bismarck Public, 124; Carrington Municipal, 205; first in State, 91; James Memorial (Williston), 259; Leach (Wahpeton), 198; Minot Public, 165; Tofthagen Library and Museum (Lakota), 250

Lien, O. W., 143

Lignite (town), 241

Lignite (_see_ Mineral Resources)

Lilac Hedge Farm (Grand Forks), 150

Lindberg, N. P., 253

Linton, 210

Liquor, control of, 57, 58

Lisa, Manuel, 39, 334, 335

Lisbon, 305

Literature, 4

Little Badlands, 220

Little Beaver Dome, 328

Little Big Horn, campaign of, 30-31, =44-46=, 115, 172, 292, 315

Little Country Theater (Fargo), 131, 139

Little Heart Butte, 313

Little Missouri, site of, 301

Little Missouri River (_see_ Rivers) Grand Canyon of, 179, 331

Little Muddy, 260

Logging Camp, site of, 224

Lonetree, 162, 255

Long, Maj. Stephen H., Military Expedition, 199

Long Turkey Ranch, 254

Looking Village, 217, 337

Lookout Point, 245, 325

Loon, August, 148

Louisiana Lottery, 51, 205

Louisiana Purchase, 35

Lounsberry, Col. C. A., 45, 99, 115, 173, 286

Lower Souris Migratory Waterfowl Refuge, 240

Ludden, 307

Maddock, Walter, 56

Malo, John, 236

Maltese Cross Ranch, 123, 299

Mandan, 290-91, 312

Mandan Indians (_see_ Indians)

Manitou, 257

Mannhaven, 335

Manuel Rock, 334

Manvel, 189

Mapes, 250

Maple River, 278

Mapleton, 278

Marmarth, 8, 12, 327

Marsh, Grant, 40, 45, 115, 172, 333

Martin, 273

Marty, Martin, 296

"Martyrs of St. Joe", 245

Masonic Grand Lodge Museum (Fargo), 142

Masons' Island, 240

Matoti, 304

Matthews, Robert, 260, 262

Mauvaise Coulee, 251

Max, 208

Mayville, 200

Mayville State Teachers College, 201

Maza, 204

McCanna, 249

McCanna Farm, 249

McCumber, P. J., 53, 199

McKenzie, 288

McKenzie, Alexander, 51, 113, 124, 126, 220, 288, 305

McLaughlin, Maj. James, 312, 323

McPhail's Butte Historic Site, 285

Meat Packing, 74, 190, 278, 290

Medicine Butte, 231

Medicine Hill, 320

Medicine Hole, 322

Medicine Lodge Hill, 262

Medicine Lodge Spring, 262

Medina, 285

Medora, 297-300, 330

Medora-Deadwood Stage Line, 298-99

Melville, 205

Menoken, 288

Merrifield, Webster, 52, 155, 235

Messiah Craze, 315

Metis, 84, 245-47, 273, 308

Mexicans, 66, 84, 220

Michigan City, 250

Midland Continental Railroad, 283

Miles, Gen. Nelson A., 144, 315

Miller, Edgar, 120

Miller, John, 49, 197

Mills, Walter Thomas, 54

Miner, Hazel, Memorial, 318

Mineral Resources Bentonite, 9, 12, 295; cement, 235; clay, 9, 11, 293, 296; fuller's earth, 235; lignite, 8, =9=, =11=, 73, 75, 118, 160, 164, 208, 209, 211, 228, 230, 242, 248, 274, 275, 295, 318, 319-20, 326; natural gas, 241, 328; oil, 12, 258, 328; sodium sulphate, 12, 76, 226, 256; others, 12; (_see_ also Industry and Labor)

Minnesota Massacre, 30, 42, 196, 206

Minnewaukan, 204, 251

_Minnie H_ (steamer), 251

Minitari (_see_ Indians, Hidatsa)

MINOT, 158-65 Map, 159; miscellaneous references, 207, 255, 274

Minot _Daily News_ (newspaper), 164

Minot, Henry D., 160

Minot _Optic Reporter_ (newspaper), 164

Minot _Rustler-Tribune_ (newspaper), 161, 164

Minot State Teachers College, 164

Minto, 189

Missionaries, 88, =92=, 187, 197, 245, 265, 266, 268, 292

Missouri Escarpment, 6, 8

Missouri Fur Company, 335

Missouri Plateau, 6, 8, 233, 248, 259, 285

Missouri River (_see_ Rivers)

Missouri River Diversion Project, 251, 264

Missouri Slope, 6, 9, 219, 228, 292, 318

Mix, Tom, 300

Moffit, 209

Mohall, 240

Mohammedans, 93, 256-57

Montana-Dakota Power Plant, 242

Montrose, Archibald, 194

Monuments Daughters of Union Veterans of the Civil War Memorial (Minot), 165; David Thompson Memorial (Verendrye), 274; de Mores, Marquis, 300; Gange, Rolf (Fargo), 142; Hunt, Father Jerome, 266; Ibsen, Henrik (Wahpeton), 198; Lien, O. W. (Fargo), 143; Miner, Hazel, Memorial, 318; Old Settlers (Hazen), 319; Roosevelt, Theodore (Mandan), 290; Roosevelt, Theodore (Minot), 165; Sakakawea (Bismarck), 122; "Sermon in Stone" (Fairmount), 199; Shrine to Virgin Mary (New England), 229; Soldier's (Grand Forks), 152; Spanish-American War (Grafton), 188; Wergeland, Henrik (Fargo), 143; Whitestone Hill Battlefield, 206; World War Memorial Shaft (Minot), 165; Wrong Side Up, 293

Moodie, Thomas H., 58

Mooreton, 197

Moravians, 93, 229, 279

Mose, 311

Moslems, 93, 256-57

Motor Vehicle Laws, xvii

Mott, 230

Mounds, 16, 248, 304, 305, 310

Mountain, 234

Mouse River, 160, 162, 163, 233, 253

Multz Collection (Alice), 279

"Mustache Maude", 317

Napoleon, 286

Napoleon _Homestead_ (newspaper), 286

"Narrows", 265

National Guard, 52, 55, 265

National Monument, 257

Natural Gas, 241

Nelson, F. P., Collection (Fairmount), 199

Nesson Flats, 258

Nestos, R. A., 56, 79, 191

_Nettie Baldwin_ (steamer), 306

New England, 229

New Leipzig, 230

New Rockford, 204

New Salem, 293

New Salem Holstein Breeders' Circuit, 293

Newspapers, 99-101

Niagara, 249

Nicollet-Fremont Expedition, 303, 308, 310

Nishu, 213, 334

_Non-Partisan Leader_ (newspaper), 54

Nonpartisan League, 4, =54-58=, 125, 190

Noonan, 243

_Normanden_ (newspaper), 136, 151

_North Dakota_ (ship), prow of, 122

North Dakota Agricultural College, 68, 89, 91, 130, 136, =138-40=

NORTH DAKOTA: ITS NATURAL SETTING, 5-15

North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station (Dickinson), 296

Northern Pacific Railway, =43-44=, 48, 62, 72, =96=, 112, 114, 115, 117, 124, 131, 134, 150, 170, 280, 282, 290, 291, 297

Northern Pacific Railway High Bridge, 281

Northern Packing Company Plant, 151, 190

North Roosevelt Regional State Park, 173-79, 331

Northwest Airlines, 187

North West Fur Company, 37, 39, 147, 185, 186, 233, 274

Norwegians, _78-80_, 137, 151, 308

Norwegian Independence Day, 138, 151

Norwich, 255

Nye, Gerald P., 56, 309

Oakdale, 322

Oakes, 307

Oak Lawn Historic Site, 235

Oasis Gardens, 259

O'Connor, J. F. T., 56

Odd Fellows' Home (Devils Lake), 251

Oil, 258, 328

Ojata, 248

Okiedan Butte, 305

Olson, Ole H., 57, 79, 204

O'Neale, Lila M., 192

Opheim Log Cabin (Cooperstown), 310

Oriska, 280

"Orkney Lad", 38, 186

Oxcarts, 95, 185, 190, 234

Painted Canyon, 297

Painted Woods, 216, 337

Paleontology, 7-9, 223, 321

Palermo, 256

Parker Ranch, 330

Park River (town), 189

Park River, 189

Parks Alm's (Mayville), 201; Beaver Lake, 286; Benson County, 265; Butte St. Paul, 238; Central (Grand Forks), 153; Central (Mott), 230; Central (Oakes), 307; Chahinkapa (Wahpeton), 198; Chautauqua (Mandan), 291; Chautauqua (Valley City), 281; City (Jamestown), 284; City (Larimore), 249; City (Valley City), 281; Crosby City Recreation, 243; Crowley Flint Quarry, 294; de Mores, 300-1; Double Ditch Indian Village, 217, 337; Doyle Memorial, 286; Ellery (Rugby), 253; El Zagal (Fargo), 143; Fort Abercrombie, 197; Fort Abraham Lincoln, 169-73, 291; Fort Buford, 270; Fort Clark, 319; Fort Dilts, 326-27; Fort Mandan, 208; Fort Rice, 292; Fort Seward, 284; Harmon Field (Williston), 262; Homer, 285; Huff Indian Village, 18, 292; International Peace Garden, 236, 238; Island (Fargo), 142; Island (Mayville), 201; Klaus (Jamestown), 284; Lake Metigoshe, 240; LaMoure County Memorial, 307; Lincoln (Grand Forks), 153; Masonic (Pembina), 187; Mouse River, 241; Nickeus (Jamestown), 284; Oak (Minot), 165; Oak Grove (Fargo), 143; Pembina, 187; Pioneer (Bismarck), 217; Pioneer (Valley City), 281; Railroad (Mayville), 201; Recreation (Williston), 262; Rocky Butte (Dickinson), 296; Roosevelt (Devils Lake), 251; Roosevelt (Minot), 165; Roosevelt Regional, =173-81=, 297, 330, 331; Sandager (Lisbon), 305; Seeman's (Linton), 210; Sheyenne River, 195; Sibley Island, 289; St. Claude, 236; Streeter Memorial, 285; Strong Memorial, 306; Sully's Hill National Game Preserve, 14, 15, =268=; Tourist (Hazen), 319; Turtle River, 248; University (Grand Forks), 153, Verendrye, 288; Verendrye National Monument, 257; Walhalla, 245, Washington Memorial (Hazen), 319; Westlawn (Williston), 262; Whitestone Hill Battlefield, 206; Woodland (Hillsboro), 193; Writing Rock, 227

Paul Wilhelm, Prince of Wurttemberg, 39, 122

Peaceful Valley Ranch, 180, 330

Pembina, 13, 37-38, 39, 60, 72, 88, 92, 95, =185-87=

Pembina Buffalo Hunts, 186, 246-47

Pembina Escarpment, 5, 244

Pembina Mountains, 5, 8, 15, 37, 234, =244=

Pembina River, 10, 14, 244

Petersburg, 250

Petites Isles Aux Mortes, 252

Petrified Forests, 179, 181, 331

Pierce, Gilbert, 50

Pingree, 205

_Pioneer Scout_ (newspaper), 99

Pipestem River, 272, 284

_Pirates of the Missouri_, 116

Plants, poisonous, xix

Pleasant Lake (town), 252

Plummer, Col. W. C., 193

Point Pleasant, 114

Poles, 189

Population Farm, 60; foreign born, 78; in 1879, 44; in 1930, 57

Populist Party, 51, 52

Portal, 276

Portland, 201

Prairie-dog Villages, 15, 177, 180

Prairie Fires, 205, 239

Prairie Sphinx Butte, 325

Prayer Rock, 231

PRESS AND RADIO, 99-101

Price, 337

Procès Verbal, 35

Proctor, A. Phimister, 165

Progressive Republicans, 53

Public Health, 94

Quarries, 294, 320

Rabbit's Ears, 224

Racial Groups, 78-85 Bohemians, 83; Canadians, 82, 187, 195; Czechs, 189, 313; Danes, 78; Finns, 83, 215, 230, 307; French Canadians, 82, 187, 195; French Indians (Metis), 84, =245-47=, 273, 308; Germans, =80-82=, 118, 273; Hollanders, 210; Icelanders, 83, =234-35=; Metis (_see above_, French Indians); Mexicans, 66, 84, 220; Norwegians, =78-80=, 137, 151, 308; Poles, 189; Russo-Germans, =80-81=, 118, 208, 210, 230, 232, 253, 285, 286, 293, 294, 296; Scotch, 238, Scandinavians, 229, 252, 255, 273; Swedes, 78, 83; Syrians, 84, 256-57; Ukrainians, 83, 209, 222; others, 83-84

RACIAL GROUPS AND FOLKLORE, 78-87

Radio, 100, 118, 152, 156, 164, 251, 280, 284, 288, 291; (_see also_ Press and Radio)

Railroads, 40, 88, 96, 97; (_see also by name_)

Rainfall, 59

Rain-in-the-Face, 171, 312, 316, 324

Rainy Buttes, 228

Raleigh, 232

Rammed Earth Construction, 104, 324

Ramstad, Erik, 160, 164

Ranching (_see_ Agriculture)

Ray, 257

Recall of Elective Officers, 55-56

RECREATION, =106-8=, 277

Recreational Areas, xviii

Red River of the North, 40, 96, 135, 147, 197 Steamboating on, 135, 148, 188, 192

Red River Oxcart (_see_ Transportation)

Red River Valley, _5_, =10=, 13, 15, 128, 185, 233, 248

_Red River Valley Citizen_ (newspaper), 151

Ree, 334

Reeder, 325

Reeves, Bud, 191, 201

Regent, 229

Religion, =91-93=, 117-18, 187, 283

Religious Sects Baptist, 92; Dunkard, 93, 203; Episcopal, 92; Greek Catholic, 209, 223; Lutheran, 93; Mennonite, 93; Mohammedan, 93, 256-57; Moravian, 93, 229, 279; Presbyterian, 92; Roman Catholic, 93

Remittance Men, 253

Reno, Maj. Marcus A., 172

Republican Party, 51-52, 54

Reynolds, 191

Reynolds, Charlie, poem about, 266

Rhame, 326

River Road, 215, 270

Richardton, 294

Rivers Beaver, 331; Bois de Sioux, 197; Cannonball, 8, 20, 30, 229, 313; Des Lacs, 272; Forest, 189; Goose, 193, 200; Heart, 17, 18, 169, 231, 290, 291; James, 6, 205, 282, 303, 306; Knife, 16, 18, 319, 335; Little Missouri, 6, 13, 175, 178, 222, 297, 301, 327, 329-33; Maple, 278; Missouri, 6, 10, 13, 15, 40, 96, 112, 116, 212, 220, 260, 263, 289, 329, 333-37; Ottertail, 197; Park, 189; Pembina, 10, 14, 244; Pipestem, 272, 284; Red River of the North, 40, 96, 135, 147, 197; Sheyenne, 6, 8, 10, 14, 195, 204, 273, 303, 308, 311; Souris, 160, 162, 163, 233, 253; Tongue, 233; Turtle, 248; White Earth, 257; Wild Rice, 194; Yellowstone, 220

Robertson, E. P., 306

Robinson, James E., 54

Rockefeller, William Avery, 189

Rock Haven, 337

Rock Lake, 203

Rodeos, 108

Roe, Mrs. Anna Thoresen, 143

Rolette, Joseph, 39, 61, 91

Rolla, 236

Rolla University, 236

Roosevelt, Theodore, 3, 123, 174, 295, =297-302=, 327, 330, 332 Cabin of (Bismarck), 123

Roosevelt Bridge, 222, 332

Roosevelt Regional State Parks, =173-81=, 297, 330, 331

Roosevelt Statue (Minot), 165

Ross, 256

Rosser, Gen. Thomas L., 132, 133

Rough Riders, 300

Rough Riders Hotel (Medora), 300

Rugby, 253

Running Antelope, 324

Rush, Ira, 124

Russell, Charles Edward, 54

Russo-Germans (_see_ Racial Groups)

Rustad Collection (Kindred), 195

Sacred Heart Mission, 213

Saint (_see_ St.)

Sakakawea, 38, 122, 208, 319, 335 Statue of, 122

Sales Tax, xviii

Sanborn, 281

Sand Slides, 244

Sanger, 337

San Haven, 238

Sanish, 257

Sarles, E. Y., 52, 220

Sawyer, 274

Scatter Village, 214

Scattered Village, site of, 319

Schafer, 221

Schmidt, 291

Schools, 50, 52, =88-91= First school, 88; school lands, 89-90; miscellaneous references, 134, 136, 138, 143, 149, 153, 189, 201, 284; (_see also_ Colleges _by name_)

SCHOOLS, CHURCHES, AND SOCIAL CURRENTS, 88-94

Schultz Hereford Ranch, 254

Scorched Village, 336

Scoria, 6, 176, 223, 293

Scoria Lily Ranch, 104, 324

Scranton, 326

_Selkirk_ (steamboat), 40-41, 192

Selkirk Colony, 39, 60, 88, 186

Sentinel Butte, 9, 302

Sentinel Butte (town), 302

"Sermon in Stone" (Fairmont), 199

Seventh Cavalry, 116, 171, 172

Seven Mile Hill, 259

Seton, Ernest Thompson, 301

Shafer, Charles, 221

Shafer, George F., 56, 80, 221

Shanley, John, 144

Shell Butte, 180

Shell Creek, 215

Shell Deposit (Leith), 231

Shelterbelt Nursery, 254

Sheyenne, 204

_Sheyenne_ (steamer), 135

Sheyenne River (_see_ Rivers)

Shortridge, Eli C. D., 52, 123

Sibley, Gen. Henry H., expedition against Sioux, 30, =42=, 195, 272, 280, 281, 285, 289, 303, 304, 305, 308, 309, 310

Signal Rock, 322

Simpson, William, Collection, 258

Sinclair, James H., 309

Sioux (_see_ Indians)

Sioux-Arikara Battle, site of, 208

Sioux-Chippewa Battle, site of, 194

Sisseton Indian Reservation, 200

Sisters of St. Francis, convent and academy of, 199

Sitting Bull Grave of, 315; miscellaneous references, 41, 46, 49, 117, 270, 292, 302, 312, 317, 324

Slade, G. L., Lodge and Game Preserve, 286

Slant Village, 169

Slaughter, Mrs. Linda, 41, 114, 115, 117

Slaughter, B. Franklin, 115

Smallpox among Indians, 30, 335

Snakes, poisonous, xix

Snow Cave, 224

Society of Equity, 53, 54

Social Legislation, 93-94

Sodium Sulphate, 226, 256

Solen, 314

Solomon's Temple, 322

Soil Conservation Service, 189

Son-of-the-Star, grave of, 212

Soo Line, 163

Sorlie, A. G., 56, 79, 152, 191

Sorlie Memorial Bridge (Grand Forks), 152

Souris River, 160, 162, 163, 233, 253

Souris River Valley, 272

South Heart, 296

South Roosevelt Regional State Park, 173-78, 180-81, 297, 330

Southwest Fargo, 278

Spanish-American War, 52

Spanish Point, 263

Spanish Woodyard, 263

Sperati Point, 179, 331

Spicer Family, murder of, 317

Spiritwood, 282

_Spoilers, The_ (novel), 113, 305

Sports (_see_ Recreation)

Square Butte, 302

Square Buttes, 216, 337

Squaw Creek Picnic Area, 178, 332

St. Ann, shrine of (Belcourt), 237

St. Ann's Day, 82

St. Anthony, 313

St. John, 236

St. Joseph, 99, 245

St. Mary's Cathedral (Fargo), 130

St. Michael, 268

St. Michael's Mission, 268

St. Thomas, 188

Stage Lines, 298-99

Stair, Edward D., 309

Standing Rock Indian Agency, 32-34, 312, 314-17, 323

Standing Rocks, 304, 316

Stanley, 215, 256

Stanley Expedition, 43, 171

Stanton, 319, 335

State Enterprises, 52, 54, 55, 56, 125, 190-91

State Game and Fish Reserve, 236

State Game Farm (Bottineau), 239

State Historical Society of North Dakota, 121, 169

State Historical Society Museum (Bismarck), 121

State Hospital for Insane (Jamestown), 90, 283

Statehouse, 102, 112, 118-21

State Library Commission, 121

State Mill and Elevator (Grand Forks), 55-56, 74, 147, 151, =190-91=

State Mine, abandoned, 325

State Normal and Industrial School (Ellendale), 206

State Penitentiary (Bismarck), 90, 288

State Planning Board, 58

State Regulatory Department Laboratory (Bismarck), 125

State School for Blind (Bathgate), 90, 94, 233

State School for Deaf (Devils Lake), 90, 251

State School for Feeble-Minded (Grafton), 188

State School of Forestry (Bottineau), 69, 90, 239

State School of Science (Wahpeton), 90, 198

State Sanitarium (San Haven), 90, 238

State Soldiers Home (Lisbon), 305

State Training School (Mandan), 90, 291

State Welfare Board, 58

Stavens, Thorval, Farm, 201

Steamboating (_see_ Transportation)

Steele, 287

Steele, Col. W. P., 287

Stefansson, Vilhjalmur, 155, 235

Stephenson, Stephen G., 235

Sterling, 209

Stevens, I. I., 43

Stevens, R. N., 305

Stevens Survey, 43, 273, 308, 310

Stony Point, 193

Strasburg, 210

Stump Lake, 6, 311

Sublette and Campbell 270, 271

Subsistence Homestead Project (Burlington), 274-75

Sully, Gen Alfred H., campaigns against Sioux, 30, =42-43=, 175, 206, 268, 269, 274, 292, 294, 296, 302, 321

Sully's Hill National Game Preserve, 14, 15, =268=

Surrey, 255

Svold, 234

Swedes, 78, 83

Sykes, Richard, 206, 272

Sykeston, 272

Syrians, 84, 256-57

_Syttende Mai_, 138, 151

Tagus, 256

Tanner, James, 92

Tappen, 285

Taylor, 295

Taylor, Joseph Henry, 217 Log cabin of, 208

Telegraph, 97 First in State, 149

Telephone, first use of in State, 278-79

Temvik, 210

Tepee Buttes, 229

Territorial Capital, 117

Territorial Governors, 47-48

Terry, Gen. Alfred H., 266, 304

Thompson, 191

Thompson, David, 37 Memorial, 274

Three Buttes, 232

Three Sisters, 322

Tioga, 257

Tobacco Garden Creek, skirmish at, 258

Tokio, 265

Tooker, Richard, 229

Topography, 5, 6, 277

Tower City, 280

Tower University, 50, 280

Towner, 253

Townley, A. C., 54

Traill Center, 200

TRANSPORTATION, 95-98 Air lines, xvii, 98; bus and truck lines, xvii, 98, 163; highways, xvii; oxcarts, 95, 185, 190, 234; railroads, xvii, 40, 88, 96, 97 (_see also by name_); steamboating: on Des Lacs Lake, 276; on Devils Lake, 251; on James River, 283, 306; on Missouri, 40, 95, 114, 260, 333, 334, 337; on Red River, 135, 148, 188, 192; stage lines, 298-99

Triangle Apartments (Grand Forks), 152

Truax-Traer Lignite Strip Mines Columbus, 242; Velva, 274; Wilton, 209

Tumuli, 16, 248, 304, 305, 310

Tunbridge, 253

Turkeys, 67-68, 211, 221, 254

Turtle Effigies, 17

Turtle Mountain Indian Reservation, 32-34, 236-37

Turtle Mountains, 12, 13, 14, 19, 233, 236

Twin Buttes, 225

Ukrainians, 83, 209, 222

Underwood, 208

University of North Dakota (Grand Forks) History, 153-56; description of campus, 156-57; miscellaneous references, 49, 50, 52, 89, 94, 147, 152, 226

Upham, 240

Upper Souris Migratory Waterfowl Project, 163, 275

U. S. Biological Survey, 199, 203, 205, 209, 240, 275, 276, 285, 311

U. S. Indian School (Wahpeton), 198

U. S. Northern Great Plains Dairy Station, 312

U. S. Northern Great Plains Field Station, 291, 312

U.S. Veterans' Administration Facility, 140

U.S. Weather Bureau (Bismarck), 114, 125, 313

Valley City, 280

Valley City State Teachers College, 281

Valleyland Music Festival (Fargo), 130

Van Hook, 215

Velva, 274

Verendrye, 274

Verendrye, Pierre de la, 18, 36, 95, 217, 274, 288

Verendrye Bridge, 257

Verendrye National Monument, 257

Verona, 306

Veterans' Hospital (Fargo), 140

Viets, Frank, 149, 150

"Vigilantes", 332

Villard, Henry, 117

Voltaire, 274

Von Hoffman, Medora, 298

WDAY (Fargo), 100, 101, 141

Wahpeton, 197

Walhalla, 99, 245

Walsh County Agricultural and Training School (Park River), 189

Walsh, George, 150

Walters, Emil, 235

Walum, 308

Wamduska Hotel, 312

Ward County _Independent_ (newspaper), 164

Ward Site Village, 217, 337

Washburn, 208, 336

Water Conservation, 15, 59, 68, 275

Water Supply, 11

Watford City, 221

Weiser, J. S., 286, 304

Welford, Walter, 58

Wesley College (Grand Forks), 89, 157

West, Levon, 201, 293

West Fargo, 278

Westhope, 207

Wheat, 65

Wheatland, 279

Wheelock, 258

Whetstone Buttes, 326

Whistler Expedition, 43

White, Maj. Frank, 52

White Butte, 223

White Earth, 257

White River Formation, 9, 223, 321

White Shield, grave of, 212

Whitestone Hill, battle of, 42, 206

Wied, Maximilian, Prince of, 39, 114, 289

Wilbur, Curtis D., 283

Wild Life, 12-15, 176-77

Wild Life Conservation, 14, 205, 209, 240, 268, 275, 276, 285, 286, 311

Wild Rice, 195

Williams, Gen. E. A., 126

Williamsport, 317

Williston, 259-62

Wilton 209, 216

Wind Canyon, 180

Windsor, 285

Winona, 317

Winship, George, 148, 150, 152

Winter Sports, 107

Wishek, 286

Woman in Stone, 328

Wood, Fred, 54

Workmen's Compensation Bureau, 76

World War, 55

World War Memorial Building (Bismarck), 125

World War Memorial Building (Devils Lake), 251

Writing Rocks, 17, 217, 227, 304, 314

Wurttemberg, Paul Wilhelm, Prince of, 39, 122

X. Y. Company, 37, 186, 233

Yankton (S. Dak.), 46, 48

_Yellowstone_ (steamboat), 25, 40, 95, 260

York, 252

Young Men's Butte, 294

Zahl, 219

Zap Colliery Lignite Mine (Zap), 320

[Map:

NORTH DAKOTA

WORKS PROGRESS ADMINISTRATION FEDERAL WRITERS PROJECT]

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Anachronistic and non-standard spellings retained as printed.

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