mi. N Haines, 8; Yakutat, 3 (USBS); Lake Iliamma, 1 (USBS); Lake

Aleknagik, 1 (USBS); _Kokwok_, 1 (USBS); _Nushagak River_, 3 (USBS); _Chilkat Peninsula, 10 ft., 7 mi. SSE Haines_, 18; Nushagak, 3 (USBS); Chignik Bay, 1 (USBS); Portage Cove, Revillagigedo, 1 (MVZ); _Izembek Bay_, 1 (USBS); Frosty Peak, 1 (USBS).

BRITISH COLUMBIA: _west end Kelsall Lake, 2900 ft._, 1; Stonehouse Creek, 5-1/2 mi. W junction Stonehouse Creek and Kelsall River, 4.

YUKON: SW end Dezadeash Lake, 2400 ft., 2.

_Marginal records._--Alaska: Lake Aleknagik; head Chalitna River. Yukon: SW end Dezadeash Lake, 2400 ft. Alaska: E side Chilkat River, 100 ft., 9 mi. W and 4 mi. N Haines; Portage Cove, Revillagigedo Island; Yakutat; Cook Inlet, Tyonek; Chignik Bay; Frosty Peak.

=Zapus hudsonius americanus= (Barton)

_Dipus americanus_ Barton, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., 4:115, 1799.

_Jaculus americanus_ Wagler, Nat. Syst. Amphibien, 23, 1830.

_Meriones microcephalus_ Harlan, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 1, 1839, based on two specimens from "the farm of Mr. Beck, in Philadelphia County, a few miles northeast of the city [= Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]."

_Jaculus hudsonius_, Baird, Repts. Expl. and Surv. 111, 8 (pt. 1): 433, July 14, 1858 (part--the part from Massachusetts, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania).

_Zapus hudsonius_, Coues, Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geog. Surv. of the territories, 2nd ser. No. 5:260, 1877 (part--the part from Massachusetts, Connecticut, New York, and Pennsylvania); Preble, N. Amer. Fauna, 15:17, August 8, 1899 (part--the part from Peterboro and Waterville, New York, southeastern Massachusetts, Connecticut, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Maryland, North Carolina, and Ohio).

_Zapus hudsonius americanus_, Batchelder, Proc. New England Zool. Club, 1:6, February 8, 1899; Preble, N. Amer. Fauna, 15:19, August 8, 1899.

_Zapus hudsonius hardyi_, Bole and Moulthrop, Sci. Publ. Cleveland Mus. Nat. Hist., 5:165, September 11, 1942 (part--the part from New York, Ohio, and Pennsylvania).

_Zapus hudsonius brevipes_ Bole and Moulthrop, Sci. Publ. Cleveland Mus. Nat. Hist., 5:168, September 11, 1942, type from Bettsville, Seneca County, Ohio.

_Zapus hudsonius rafinesquei_ Bole and Moulthrop, Sci. Publ. Cleveland Mus. Nat. Hist., 5:169, September 11, 1942 (part--the part from southeastern Ohio), type from Cat Run, extreme southeastern Belmont County, Ohio.

_Type._--No type specimen designated. _Dipus americanus_ was characterized from jumping mice obtained by Barton near the Schuylkill River, a few miles from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

_Range._--Southeastern United States and lower peninsula of Michigan; east of central Indiana; from central New York and Massachusetts southward to northern Georgia. See fig. 47. Zonal range: Austroriparian (Lower Austral), Carolinian (Upper Austral), Alleghanian (Transition), and Canadian.

_Description._--Size small; back from near Light Ochraceous-Buff to near Ochraceous-Buff with admixture of black-tipped hair forming distinct dorsal band; sides bright, lighter than back from near Light Ochraceous-Buff to near Ochraceous-Buff; lateral line usually distinct and of color of sides; underparts white, sometimes with slight suffusion of color of sides; tail bicolored, brown to brownish-black above, yellowish-white to grayish-white below; ears narrowly edged and heavily flecked with color of sides; feet white to grayish-white above; skull short; braincase relatively narrow; incisive foramina relatively broad; skull relatively narrow across zygomata; interorbital region relatively broad; distance from incisors to postpalatal notch relatively short; auditory bullae relatively small.

_Comparisons._--Compared with _Zapus hudsonius canadensis_, _Z. h. americanus_ differs as follows: Smaller; paler (in a sense brighter because more ochraceous and less tawny); skull smaller; auditory bullae narrower, less inflated; incisive foramina relatively more bowed; condylobasal length averaging less.

From _Zapus hudsonius intermedius_, _Z. h. americanus_ differs as follows: Smaller; color brighter, more ochraceous, less yellow; braincase relatively narrower; auditory bullae usually smaller; incisive foramina broader; inferior ramus of zygomatic process of maxillary usually with median projection; interorbital region averaging broader.

For comparison with _Zapus hudsonius acadicus_ see account of that subspecies.

_Remarks._--Intergradation with _Zapus hudsonius acadicus_ occurs in southeastern New York as indicated by a series of 25 specimens from Peterboro. They resemble _Z. h. acadicus_ in width of the mastoid region and relatively longer tooth-row, but in the size and shape of the auditory bullae, width of the pterygoid fossae, and lighter, brighter, color of the sides they are more nearly like _Z. h. americanus_ to which they are here referred.

Intergradation between _Z. h. americanus_ and _Z. h. acadicus_ is indicated also by specimens from Lawyersville and Schoharie, New York. In animals from both localities the length of the zygomata and the breadth of the mastoid region are more nearly as in _Z. h. acadicus_, but in size and shape of the auditory bullae, over-all length of the skull, color of the ears, and general color of the pelage they are more nearly like _Z. h. americanus_ to which they are here referred.

Specimens from western Pennsylvania, judged to be _Z. h. hudsonius_ by Preble (1899:17), and those from northwestern Pennsylvania and northeastern Ohio, allocated to _Z. h. hardyi_ (= _acadicus_) by Bole and Moulthrop (1942:165), are more nearly like _Z. h. americanus_ in size and shape of the auditory bullae, short zygomata, relatively narrow mastoid region, and color of pelage.

Specimens from the lower peninsula of Michigan, northeastern Indiana, and northwestern Ohio, described by Bole and Moulthrop (_op. cit._:168) as belonging to a new subspecies (_Zapus hudsonius brevipes_), are to me indistinguishable from most specimens of _Z. h. americanus_. The characters which Bole and Moulthrop (_loc. cit._) ascribe to _Z. h. brevipes_--color bright Ochraceous-Buff, tail and hind feet short, and skull narrow--are also those of _Z. h. americanus_.

Specimens from various localities in southeastern Ohio, all within the range ascribed by Bole and Moulthrop (_op. cit._:169) to _Zapus hudsonius rafinesquei_, are indistinguishable from specimens of _Z. h. americanus_ from eastern Tennessee, West Virginia, North Carolina, and Maryland. _Zapus hudsonius rafinesquei_ (at least that part from southeastern Ohio) is indistinguishable from _Z. h. americanus_ and therefore is synonymized under _Z. h. americanus_.

Specimens from Lagrange County, Indiana, show intergradation between _Zapus hudsonius intermedius_ and _Z. h. americanus_ in the color of the pelage but are more nearly like _Z. h. americanus_ to which they are here referred. One from Porter County, Indiana, is more nearly like _Z. h. intermedius_ in size and shape of the bullae and in breadth of the pterygoid fossae but in color and degree of lateral bowing of the zygomata is better placed with _Z. h. americanus_.

_Z. h. americanus_ is a wide ranging subspecies. Animals at the northern periphery of the range (lower peninsula of Michigan to the west and southeastern Massachusetts to the east) are largest and darkest; to the southward there is a progressive reduction in size and a change to a lighter, brighter color. Animals from Maryland, Virginia, and North Carolina are more nearly average representatives of the subspecies than are those from the region of the type locality.

A jumping mouse allegedly of this subspecies has been recorded by Coleman (1941:91) from Caesars Head, 300 ft., South Carolina. This specimen and one from Athens, Georgia, provide the southeasternmost record-stations of occurrence for the species _Z. hudsonius_.

_Specimens examined._--Total, 318, distributed as follows:

CONNECTICUT: _Hartford County_: _Windsor_, 1 (USBS); _East Hartford_, 2 (MCZ). _Litchfield County_: Sharon, 3 (AMNH); _Macedonia Park_, 2 (AMNH). _Middlesex County_: _Clinton_, 1 (AMNH). _Windham County_: South Woodstock, 10 (AMNH); _Pomfret, near Hampton line_, 1.

GEORGIA: _Clarke Co._: Athens, 1 (USBS).

INDIANA: _Lagrange Co._: no exact locality, 2 (UM). _Porter Co._: Mineral Springs, 1 (FM); _no exact locality_, 1 (FM).

MARYLAND: _Anne Arundel County_: _Patuxent Research Refuge_, 1 (USBS). _Charles County_: _no exact locality_, 1 (USBS). _Garrett Co._: Finzel, 6 mi. N Frostburg, 1 (USBS). _Montgomery County_: _Sandy Springs_, 2 (USBS); _Kensington_, 1 (USNM); _Cabin John Bridge_, 2 (1 USBS; 1 USNM). _Prince Georges County_: _Laurel_, 8 (USNM); _Branchville_, 1 (USBS); _College Park_, 1. _Worchester County_: Assateague, 5 mi. S Ocean City, 1 (USBS).

MASSACHUSETTS: _Barnstable County_: _West Falmouth_, 1 (USBS). _Bristol County_: _Raynham_, 1 (Clev. MNH). _Dukes County_: _Martha's Vineyard_, 1 (USBS); _West Chop, Martha's Vineyard_, 1 (Clev. MNH). _Nantucket County_: _Nantucket Island_, 1 (USNM). _Plymouth County_: Middleboro, 1 (USNM); _Plymouth_, 1 (UM); _Marshfield_, 6 (USBS); _Wareham_, 3 (1 Clev. MNH; 2 UM).

MICHIGAN: _Alcona Co._: _2 mi. S Harrisville_, 2 (UM). _Allegan Co._: _near junction Swan Creek and Kalamazoo River_, 3 (UM). _Berrien Co._: _Warren Woods_, 2 (UM); _Three Oaks_, 1 (UM). _Charlevoix Co._: _Thumb Lake_, 1 (UM); _Section 1 Norwood Township_, 1 (UM); _Boyne Falls_, 12 (UM); _2 mi. S Boyne Falls_, 2 (UM). _Cheboygan Co._: Douglas Lake, 2 (UM). _Clinton Co._: _2 mi. SE DeWitt_, 1 (UM). _Emmet Co._: _Maple River, near Douglas Lake_, 1 (UM). _Huron Co._: _Rush Lake_, 1 (UM). _Kalamazoo Co._: _no exact locality_, 1 (UM). _Lake Co._: _1 mi. NW Chase_, 1 (UM). _Livingston Co._: _George Reserve, Pinckney_, 2 (UM); _Upper Whitewood Lake_, 1 (UM); _Whitmore Lake_, 1 (UM); _Portage Lake_, 3 (UM). _Mason Co._: 9 mi. N Ludington, 1 (UM). _Midland Co._: Sanford, 1 (UM). _Montmorency Co._: _T. 32N, R. 1E, Sec. 30_, 1 (UM). _Muskegon Co._: _4 mi. NW North Muskegon_, 2 (UM). _Oakland Co._: Bloomfield, 1 (UM); _no exact locality_, 1 (UM). _Otsego Co._: _Pigeon River_, 1 (UM); _T. 32N, R. 1W, Sec. 25_, 1 (UM); _Waters_, 1. _Roscommon Co._: _T. 24N, R. 2W, Sec. 2_, 1 (UM). _Shiawassee Co._: _1/2 mi. NE Byron_, 5 (UM); _1/4 mi. S Byron_, 2 (UM); _2 mi. SE Byron_, 1 (UM); _3 mi. SW Byron_, 1 (UM). _Van Buren Co._: _Van Auken Lake_, 1 (UM). _Washtenaw County_: _Whitmore Lake_, 1 (UM); _2 mi. W Cherry Hill_, 1 (UM); _Ann Arbor_, 7 (UM); _2 mi. E Ann Arbor_, 2 (UM); _Willow Run Village_, 1 (UM).

NEW JERSEY: _Bergen County_: Harrington Park, 1 (AMNH); _Englewood_, 1 (USNM). _Cape May County_: _Mays Landing_, 3 (Clev. MNH). _Morris County_: _Mendham_, 1 (AMNH). _Ocean County_: Tuckerton, 3 (USBS).

NEW YORK: _Broome Co._: _5 mi. N Binghamton_, 2 (USNM). _Cayuga County_: E Aurora, 1 (USBS). _Greene County_: Catskills, 4 (USNM); _Kaaterskill Junction_, 1 (USNM). _Madison County_: Peterboro, 25 (2 MCZ; 19 USNM; 4 Clev. MNH). _Nassau County_: Locust Grove, 3 (USNM). _Orange Co._: _Cranberry Pond, 840 ft., Highland_, 2 (USNM). _Otsego County_: _Lake Charlotte_, 1 (AMNH). _Queens County_: _Woodside, Long Island_, 1 (USNM); _near Forest Hills, Long Island_, 1 (AMNH); _Ray Nu Beach, Long Island_, 1 (USNM). _Rockland County_: _Tappan_, 1 (AMNH). _Schoharie County_: _Lawyersville_, 1 (AMNH); _Schoharie_, 1 (AMNH). _Suffolk County_: _Montauk Point, Long Island_, 8 (USBS). _Tioga County_: _Owego_, 1 (USBS). _Westchester Co._: _Bedford_, 1 (AMNH).

NORTH CAROLINA: _Buncombe County_: _Weaverville_, 1 (AMNH). _Cherokee Co._: Martin Creek, 2 (UM). _Mitchell County_: Roan Mountain, 2 (USBS). _Wake County_: Raleigh, 5 (3 USNM; 1 UM; 1 NCS).

OHIO: _Carroll Co._: Carrollton, 2 (UM). _Cuyahoga County_: _Big Creek, Brookside Park_, 1 (Clev. MNH); _Dover_, 1 (Clev. MNH); _Rocky River Metr. Park_, 3 (Clev. MNH); _North Olmstead_, 1 (Clev. MNH). _Erie Co._: _Milan_, 1 (Clev. MNH); _Mill Hollow, Vermilion River_, 1 (Clev. MNH). _Lake Co._: Holden Arboretum, 3 (Clev. MNH). _Meigs Co._: Portland Station, 1 (Clev. MNH). _Seneca Co._: _Bettsville_, 4 (Clev. MNH); Old Fort Seneca, 4 (Clev. MNH); _Corners_, 1 (Clev. MNH). _Wayne Co._: _Wooster_, 1 (UM); _Craighton_, 1 (UM).

PENNSYLVANIA: _Beaver Co._: _1 mi. NE Darlington_, 1 (CM); _2 mi. E Industry_, 1 (CM); _4 mi. E Frankfort_, 2 (CM). _Bedford Co._: _1 mi. NE Osterburg_, 1 (CM). _Berks Co._: _2 mi. W Strausstown_, 1 (USNM). _Bradford Co._: _2-1/2 mi. NNW Wyalusing_, 2 (CM). _Bucks Co._: 2 mi. N New Britain, 1 (CM). _Butler Co._: _Thorn Creek, 4 mi. S Butler_, 4 (CM); _2 mi. E Middle Lancaster_, 1 (CM); _Orphans Home, 2 mi. E Mars_, 2 (CM). _Cambria Co._: _2-1/2 mi. S Patton, 1750 ft._, 1 (CM); _5-1/2 mi. NE Ebensburg_, 1 (CM). _Centre Co._: 2, mi. E Snowshoe, 2 (CM). _Chester Co._: _2 mi. S West Chester_, 1 (CM). _Clinton Co._: _Tamarack, 9 mi. NNW Renovo_, 1 (CM). _Crawford Co._: _Pymatuning Lake_, 3 (Clev. MNH). _Erie Co._: _4-1/2 mi. SW_ [town of] _North East_; 2 (CM); _East Springfield_, 1 (CM). _Fulton Co._: _1-1/2 mi. NE Warfordsburg, 580 ft._, 1 (CM). _Huntington Co._: _6-1/2 mi. S Shade Gap_, 2 (CM). _Indiana Co._: _1/2 mi. E Indiana, 1320 ft._, 2 (CM). _Lebanon Co._: _1-1/2 mi. SE Cornwall, 800 ft._, 1 (CM). _Mercer Co._: _2-1/2 mi. W Mercer_, 2 (CM); _5 mi. S Mercer_, 1 (CM). _Monroe Co._: _Pocene Lake_, 1(CM). _Pike Co._: _Bruce Lake_, 1 (CM). _Potter Co._: _Woodcock Run, 7-1/2 mi. WSW Ulysses_, 2 (CM). _Sommerset County_: _4 mi. SW Somerset, 2100 ft._, 2 (CM); _New Lexington_, 1 (USBS). _Susquehanna Co._: 10 mi. NNW Montrose, 1 (CM). _Union Co._: _Glen Iron_, 2 (CM). _Warren Co._: Bensons Swamp, 5 mi. E Columbus, 1 (USNM); _Miles Run, 5 mi. NW Pittsfield_, 1 (CM); _1-1/2 mi. N Pittsfield_, 1 (CM); _2-1/2 mi. N Kinzua_, 2 (CM); _2 mi. N Kinzua_, 1 (CM).

TENNESSEE: _Carter Co._: 3 mi. SSW Roan Mountain (town), 2900 ft., 1 (UM).

VIRGINIA: _Amelia Co._: Amelia, 1 (UM). _Elizabeth City County_: Near Hampton, 2 (UM). _Fairfax County_: Fall Church, 4 (2 USNM; 2 USBS); _opposite Plummers Island, Maryland_, 1 (USNM). _Highland Co._: Laurel Park, 9 mi. NNW Monterey, 3100 ft., 4 (UM). _Nelson Co._: _no exact locality_, 5 (USNM). _Norfolk County_: _Deep Creek_, 1 (USBS). _Page Co._: _no exact locality_, 1 (USNM). _Smyth Co._: _Sugar Grove_, 1 (UM); _1/2 mi. E Konnarock, 2800 ft._, 1 (UM). _Washington Co._: Konnarock, 2900 ft., 1 (UM).

WASHINGTON D. C.: _Chevy Chase_, 1 (USBS); _no exact locality_, 4 (3 USNM; 1 USBS).

WEST VIRGINIA: _Monongalia Co._: Morgantown, 6.

_Marginal records._--Michigan: Douglas Lake; Bloomfield. New York: E Aurora; Peterboro; Catskills. Connecticut: Sharon; South Woodstock. Massachusetts: Middleboro. New Jersey: Tuckerton. Maryland: Assateague, 5 mi. S Ocean City. North Carolina: Raleigh. Georgia: Athens. Indiana: Mineral Springs. Michigan: 9 mi. N Ludington.

=Zapus hudsonius campestris= Preble

_Zapus hudsonius campestris_ Preble, N. Amer. Fauna, 15:20, August 8, 1899.

_Type._--Male, adult, No. 65872 U. S. Nat. Mus., Biol. Surv. Coll.; Bear Lodge Mt's [Crook County], Wyoming; obtained on June 21, 1894, by B. H. Dutcher, original No. 600.

_Range._--Southeastern Montana, southwestern South Dakota, and northeastern Wyoming. See fig. 47. Zonal range: Transition.

_Description._--Size large; back from near Ochraceous-Tawny to near Ochraceous-Buff with admixture of black tipped hair forming distinct dorsal band; sides lighter than back, from near Ochraceous-Buff to near Yellow Ocher with black hair interspersed; lateral line usually distinct, of clear Ochraceous-Buff; belly white, usually with moderate suffusion of Ochraceous-Buff; tail bicolored, brownish to brownish-black above, grayish-white to yellowish-white below; ears dark, edged with Ochraceous-Buff; feet grayish-white above; auditory bullae large, well inflated; incisive foramina long and usually truncate at posterior border; pterygoid fossae broad; zygomata relatively wide-spread and long; large medial projection on inferior ramus of zygomatic process of maxillary; condylobasal length and occipitonasal length relatively great; mastoid region and palatal region relatively broad; interparietal bone usually broad.

_Comparisons._--From _Zapus hudsonius pallidus_, _Z. h. campestris_ differs as follows: Coloration darker (more black and yellow but less orange); averaging larger in all measurements taken except in least interorbital constriction and distance from incisors to postpalatal notch which are slightly larger and breadth across zygomatic arches which is same; zygomatic arch heavier; incisive foramina larger; interparietal bone broader.

Compared with _Zapus hudsonius intermedius_, _Z. h. campestris_ differs as follows: Coloration more tawny and ochraceous, less yellow; auditory bullae averaging larger, more inflated; condylobasal length averaging greater; zygomata averaging more wide-spread and longer; distance from incisors to postpalatal notch averaging longer; mastoid region broader; incisive foramina longer and more truncate posteriorly.

From _Zapus hudsonius hudsonius_, _Z. h. campestris_ differs as follows: Size larger; color lighter, more ochraceous, less tawny; occipitonasal length averaging greater; mastoid region broader; zygomata averaging longer; zygomatic arch more widely bowed; distance from incisors to postpalatal notch averaging longer; incisive foramina longer; auditory bullae broader, more inflated.

For comparison with _Zapus hudsonius preblei_ see account of that subspecies.

_Remarks._--Animals from the Black Hills of South Dakota and Wyoming are thought of as most characteristic of this geographic race. Intergradation is noted with _Zapus hudsonius pallidus_ and is discussed in the account of that subspecies.

_Specimens examined._--Total, 66, distributed as follows:

MONTANA: _Big Horn County_: Rotten Grass Creek, north base Big Horn Mts., 2 (USBS); _Little Big Horn River, 2 mi. from Wyoming line_, 1 (USBS).

SOUTH DAKOTA: _Custer County_: _Custer_, 3 (USNM); Bull Springs, 6 (Clev. MNH); _Beaver Creek, Wind Cave Nat'l Park_, 1 (UM); Wind Cave Nat'l Park Game Ranch, Cold Spring Creek, Wind Cave Nat'l Park, 2 (UM); _Pennington County_: _Rapid Creek, 2 mi. W Pactola, 4800 ft._, 3 (UM); Castle Creek, R. 2E, T. 1N, 6500 ft., 3 (UM); Nelsons Place, 3 mi. SE Hill City, 6 (UM); _Palmer Gulch, 4 mi. SE Hill City_, 3 (UM); _Palmer Gulch_, 9 (FM); _no definite locality_, 4 (UM).

WYOMING: _Crook County_: Devils Tower, flood plain Belle Fourche River, 3350 ft., 1 (USBS); Bear Lodge Mts., 4 (USBS); _15 mi. N Sundance, Black Hills Nat'l Forest, 5500 ft._, 2; _3 mi. NW Sundance, 5900 ft._, 17; _Sundance_, 2 (USBS). _Weston Co._: 1-1/2 mi. E Buckhorn, 6150 ft., 5.

_Marginal records._--Montana: Rotten Grass Creek, N base Big Horn Mts. South Dakota: Nelsons Place, 3 mi. SE Hill City; Wind Cave Nat'l Park Game Ranch, Cold Spring Creek. Wyoming: 1-1/2 mi. E Buckhorn, 6150 ft.

=Zapus hudsonius canadensis= (Davies)

_Dipus canadensis_ Davies, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 4:157, 1798.

_Zapus hudsonius hudsonius_, Preble, N. Amer. Fauna, 15:17, August 8, 1899 (part--the part from Ontario).

_Zapus hudsonius canadensis_, Batchelder, Proc. New England Zool. Club, 1:5, February 8, 1899 (part--the part from Quebec); Anderson, Rept. Provancher Soc. Nat. Hist., Quebec, 1941:35-37, July 14, 1942 (part--the part from Quebec excepting the Gaspé Peninsula).

_Zapus hudsonius ontarioensis_ Anderson, Ann. Rept. Provancher Soc. Nat. Hist., Quebec, 1942:59, September 7, 1943, type from Pancake Bay (Batchawana Bay) southeast end of Lake Superior, Algoma District, about 40 miles northeast of Sault Ste-Marie, Ontario.

_Type._--No type specimen designated, subspecies characterized on the basis of two specimens obtained by Major General Thomas Davies within a few miles of the city of Quebec.

_Range._--Eastern Ontario and western Quebec from Hudson Bay southward to the Great Lakes and into northwestern New York. See fig. 47. Zonal range: Transition and Canadian.

_Description._--Size medium; back from near Clay Color to near Cinnamon-Buff with admixture of black hair usually forming a dorsal band; sides from near Clay Color to near Cinnamon-Buff and lighter than back; lateral line usually distinct, and clear Cinnamon-Buff; belly white, sometimes with slight suffusion of Cinnamon-Buff mid-ventrally; tail bicolored, brownish to brownish-black above, grayish-white to yellowish-white below; ears dark, sometimes flecked with color of the sides, edged with Cinnamon-Buff; feet grayish-white above; auditory bullae large, relatively broad and flat; incisive foramina relatively short and narrow, widest posteriorly; zygomata not widely bowed outward; mastoid region relatively wide; frontal region well inflated; nasals relatively narrow, short, and parallel sided.

_Comparisons._--From _Zapus hudsonius hudsonius_, _Z. h. canadensis_ differs as follows: Upper parts generally dull averaging lighter, less black tipped hair; sides also lighter with less suffusion of dark hair; frontal region more inflated; mastoid region averaging broader; auditory bullae broader; distance from incisors to postpalatal notch averaging slightly longer.

For comparison with _Zapus hudsonius acadicus_, _Zapus hudsonius ladas_, and _Zapus hudsonius americanus_ see accounts of those subspecies.

_Remarks._--Bole and Moulthrop (1942:165) refer 2 specimens from Elba, New York, to _Z. h. hardyi_ (= _acadicus_); they are more nearly like _Z. h. canadensis_ in size and shape of the auditory bullae and general color of the pelage. A specimen from Spectacle Pond, New York, has the narrow pterygoid fossae and relatively narrow auditory bullae of _Z. h. acadicus_ and the relatively short, narrow incisive foramina, inflated frontal region, and color of _Z. h. canadensis_ to which the specimen is here referred. Intergradation is noted also in animals from Schreiber, Ontario. They resemble _Zapus hudsonius hudsonius_ in their darker coloration and shape of auditory bullae but in the remainder of the characters studied resemble _Z. h. canadensis_ to which they are referred. Specimens from Notre Dame de la Dore and 1/2 mi. N Mistassini Post, Quebec, in size and shape of the auditory bullae and in width of the pterygoid fossae, closely approach _Z. h. ladas_ but in color, distinct dorsal band, and in narrower zygomata are all nearest _Z. h. canadensis_ to which subspecies they are here referred.

_Zapus hudsonius ontarioensis_ Anderson (1942:59) from eastern Ontario was based chiefly, in comparison with _Z. h. canadensis_, upon, "dorsal stripe less distinct and sides somewhat duller yellowish with more admixture of blackish hairs." Examination of 68 of the 69 specimens from the type locality shows that 58 are subadult and in subadult pelage. Individuals which are adult are indistinguishable in color of pelage and in cranial features from comparable material from southern Quebec. _Z. h. ontarioensis_ is, therefore, considered to be a synonym of _Z. h. canadensis_.

_Specimens examined._--Total, 123, distributed as follows:

NEW YORK: _Franklin Co._: Spectacle Pond, Brighton Township, 2 (AMNH). _Genesee Co._: Elba, 2 (Clev. MNH).

ONTARIO: Schreiber, 2 (NMC); Franz, 5 (MVZ); Pancake Bay, Algoma District, 68 (NMC); Maclennan, Algoma District, 3 (ROM); Cache Lake, Algonquin Park, 1 (MVZ); _Experimental Farm, Ottawa_, 1 (NMC); _Dows Swamp, Ottawa_, 1 (NMC); Apple Hill, 1 (NMC); Clear Lake, Arden, 1 (NMC); _Athens_, 1 (NMC); _Aurora_, 4 (Clev. MNH); Pattageville, Toronto, 1; _Lorne Park, Toronto_, 1 (NMC); _Credit_, 2 (NMC); Pickering, 1 (MVZ); _Preston_, 1 (NMC); St. Thomas, 1 (NMC).

QUEBEC: _Notre Dame de la Dore_, 3 (NMC); 1/2 mi. N Mistassini Post, 1 (NMC); Lake Albanel, 1 (NMC); St. Felicien, 3 (NMC); Valcartier, 8 (NMC); Kiamika Lake, 4 (NMC); _Ste. Veronique_, 2 (NMC); _Val Jalbert_, 2 (NMC); _St. Methode_, 1 (NMC).

_Marginal records._--Quebec: 1/2 mi. N Mistassini Post; Valcartier. New York: Spectacle Pond, Brighton Township; Elba. Ontario: St. Thomas; Pancake Bay, Algoma Dist.; Franz; Schreiber. Quebec: Kiamika Lake.

=Zapus hudsonius hudsonius= (Zimmerman)

_Dipus hudsonius_ Zimmerman, Geog. Geschichte d Menschen u. vierfussigen Thiere, 2:358, 1780.

_Dipus labradorius_ Kerr, Animal Kingdom:276 (based on the Labrador Jerboid Rat of Pennant, 1781--but Preble, N. Amer. Fauna, 15:11, August 8, 1899, states that the specimen came from Hudson Bay), 1792.

_Gerbillus canadensis_, Desmarest, Mammalogie, 2:321, 1822.

_Gerbillus labradorius_, Harlan, Fauna Amer., p. 157, 1825.

_Meriones labradorius_, Richardson, Fauna Boreali-Americana, 1:144, 1829.

_Jaculus labradorius_ Wagner, Suppl. Schreber's Saugthiere, 3:294, 1843.

_Zapus hudsonius hudsonius_, Preble, N. Amer. Fauna, 15:15, August 8, 1899 (part--the part from Northwest Territory, Ontario, Michigan, northern Wisconsin and northern Minnesota).

_Zapus hudsonius alascensis_, Osgood, N. Amer. Fauna, 19:38, October 6, 1900.

_Type._--Type specimen not known to be in existence; from Hudson Bay, locality now considered to be Fort Severn, Ontario (see Anderson, 1942:37).

_Range._--Central Alaska southeastward to central Ontario, northern Minnesota, northern Wisconsin, and upper peninsula of Michigan. See fig. 47. Zonal range: Hudsonian, Canadian, and into Transition.

_Description._--Size medium; back dark, from near Tawny-Olive to near Cinnamon with heavy admixture of black hair forming dorsal band; sides lighter than back and from near Tawny-Olive to near Cinnamon, sometimes with admixture of black hair giving sides streaked appearance; lateral line usually distinct, clear Ochraceous-Buff; underparts white, sometimes with slight suffusion of Ochraceous-Buff; tail bicolored, brown to brownish-black above, grayish-white to yellowish-white below; ears dark, usually edged with ochraceous; feet grayish-white above; incisive foramina relatively short and broadly rounded; zygomata relatively short; braincase relatively broad; auditory bullae flat, long, and relatively broad; pterygoid fossae relatively narrow; nasals relatively broad and short.

_Comparisons._--From _Zapus hudsonius alascensis_, _Z. h. hudsonius_ differs as follows: upper parts generally darker, more black tipped hair; sides darker with greater suffusion of dark hair; lateral line brighter, more distinct; size averaging smaller; zygomatic arches less bowed outward; distance from incisors to postpalatal notch shorter; zygomata shorter; occipitonasal length less; mastoid region narrower.

From _Zapus hudsonius intermedius_, _Z. h. hudsonius_ differs in: color darker, more tawny dorsally; sides averaging darker, more black-tipped hairs; size averaging larger; braincase averaging broader; distance from incisors to postpalatal notch averaging slightly shorter; zygomata averaging longer; mastoid region averaging broader; incisive foramina averaging shorter.

From _Zapus hudsonius tenellus_, _Z. h. hudsonius_ differs as follows: upper parts averaging darker; tail averaging shorter; condylobasal length averaging more; braincase averaging broader; auditory bullae broader and less inflated; interparietal averaging broader; incisive foramina more broadly rounded and averaging longer.

For comparison with _Zapus hudsonius canadensis_ and _Zapus hudsonius campestris_ see accounts of those subspecies.

_Remarks._--Preble (1899:16) had available for study five specimens of _Zapus hudsonius hudsonius_ from Hudson Bay. Four were preserved in alcohol and one as an incomplete skin (prepared from an alcoholic specimen). All were unreliable for comparative purposes owing to the effects of the preservative. Preble, therefore, (_loc. cit._) selected as a fairly typical sample a series of specimens from Tower, St. Louis County, Minnesota; these formed the basis of comparison between _Z. h. hudsonius_ and other subspecies of _Zapus hudsonius_. Now that additional material (well prepared skins and skulls) is available from the Hudson Bay region and from other localities in northern and western Canada it is evident that the specimens from Tower, although here considered to be _Z. h. hudsonius_, are not typical _Z. h. hudsonius_ but are intergrades between _hudsonius_ and specimens of _Zapus hudsonius intermedius_. Comparisons made in the present account are based on specimens from the vicinity of Hudson Bay (Fort Severen, Ontario, York Factory, Shamatawa River, and Robinson Portage, Manitoba). These individuals are considered typical of this subspecies. With these new data available the range of _Z. h. hudsonius_ is now understood to include all of the region from eastern Alaska to the northern parts of Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan.

Intergradation between _Zapus hudsonius canadensis_ and _Z. h. hudsonius_ is noted in specimens from 30 mi. NE Port Arthur and also in those from Silver Islet, Thunder Cape, Ontario. These individuals resemble _Z. h. canadensis_ in size and shape of the auditory bullae and in the shape of the nasals, but in their darker coloration, broadly rounded incisive foramina, and relatively narrow pterygoid fossae they are more nearly like _Z. h. hudsonius_ to which they are here referred.

Specimens from Minaki, Ontario, are tending toward _Zapus hudsonius intermedius_ in lighter coloration but in the size and shape of the auditory bulla, size and shape of the incisive foramina, and in the width of the pterygoid fossae they are more nearly like _Z. h. hudsonius_ to which they are here referred. Specimens from various localities in Menominee County, Michigan, are like _Z. h. intermedius_ in shape of the incisive foramina and shape of the postpalatal notch, but in color of pelage, size and shape of the auditory bullae, and breadth of the pterygoid fossae they closely resemble _Z. h. hudsonius_.

In Wisconsin, intergradation occurs in color and in cranial characters in specimens from Mercer, Solon Spring, and in a single individual from Basswood Lake. All these specimens, however, are best referable to _Z. h. hudsonius_.

Specimens from one mile southwest of Fairbanks and from Fairbanks, Alaska, show intergradation with _Zapus hudsonius alascensis_ in coloration (more brown, less black), but in small size, short, broadly rounded incisive foramina, and in size and shape of the auditory bullae are nearest to _Z. h. hudsonius_ to which they are here assigned.

Intergradation with _Zapus hudsonius alascensis_ is noted also in specimens from McIntyre Creek, Yukon. They are like _Z. h. alascensis_ in the size and shape of the auditory bullae and in the more elongate incisive foramina, but in the coloration, size of the pterygoid fossae, and breadth of the braincase are more nearly like _Z. h. hudsonius_ and are here referred to this geographic race.

In British Columbia, in specimens from 1 mi. NW junction of Irons Creek and Laird River as well as in those from Hot Springs, 3 mi. WNW junction of Trout River and Laird River, and in those from 1/4 mi. S of the junction of the same rivers, three way intergradation occurs. These animals are like _Zapus hudsonius alascensis_ in color and in length of tail. They agree with _Zapus hudsonius tenellus_ in shape of nasals. In degree of inflation of auditory bullae, in length and width of incisive foramina, and in shape of pterygoid fossae they are as in _Z. h. hudsonius_ to which they are here assigned.

_Specimens examined._--Total, 230, distributed as follows:

ALASKA: Fairbanks, 1 (USNM); _1 mi. SW Fairbanks, 440 ft._, 1.

ALBERTA: Conibear Lake, Wood Buffalo Park, 1 (NMC); Assineau River, 1920 ft., 10 mi. E and 1 mi. N Kinuso, 1; Mountain Rapid, Athabasca River, 1 (USBS); _Brule Rapid, Athabasca River_, 1 (USBS); _25 mi. above Pelican Rapid, Athabasca River_, 1 (USBS); Lac la Nonne, 7 (NMC); _Swift Current, Athabasca River_, 1 (USBS); _junction Lac la Biche River and Athabasca River_, 1 (USBS); 30 mi. above Athabasca Landing, Athabasca River, 1 (USBS).

BRITISH COLUMBIA: 1 mi. NW junction Irons Creek and Laird River, 3; Hot Springs, 3 mi. WNW junction Trout River and Laird River, 1; _1/4 mi. S junction Trout River and Laird River_, 1.

MANITOBA: York Factory, 2 (USBS); Shamatawa River, 1 (USBS); Oxford House, 15 (USBS); _Robinson Portage_, 4 (USBS); _Echamamish_, 1 (USBS); Norway House, 1 (USBS); _Swan River_, 1 (NMC); Bird, 1 (NMC); _Aimie Lake_, 2 (NMC); Albert's Lake, Flin Flon, 2 (NMC); Portage La Prairie Prov., Delta, 1 (UM).

MACKENZIE DISTRICT: Fort Resolution, 3 (USBS); Fort Smith, 3 (USBS).

MICHIGAN: _Chippewa Co._: Marquette Nat'l Forest, 4; _no exact locality_, 2. _Gogebic Co._: Mud Lake, 1/4 mi. SE Thousand Island Lake, 2. _Keweenaw Co._: Lake Manganese, 1 mi. SSE Copper Harbor, 5 (UM); _2-1/5 mi. SE Copper Harbor_, 8 (UM); _5 mi. E Eagle Harbor_, 6 (UM); _E end Lake Upson_, 3 (UM); _Bete Grise_, 5 (UM). _Marquette County_: Michigamme, 3 (2 USBS). _Menominee Co._: _8 mi. N Hermansville_, 6 (UM); _6 mi. NW Banat_, 8 (UM); _5 mi. SW Banat_, 8 (UM); _8 mi. SW Banat_, 2 (UM); _7 mi. E Stephenson_, 3 (UM); _8 mi. WSW Stephenson_, 2 (UM); _10 mi. W Stephenson_, 2 (UM); _13 mi. WSW Stephenson_, 2 (UM); 5 mi. N Menominee, 2 (UM).

MINNESOTA: _Lake Co._: Splitrock River, 2 (UM); _St. Louis County_: Tower, 27 (USBS).

ONTARIO: Fort Severn, Kenora District, 6 (ROM); Minaki, 7 (MVZ); _30 mi. NE Port Arthur_, 6 (UM); Silver Islet, Thunder Bay District, 4 (NMC); _20 mi. SW Fort Williams_, 3 (UM); _20 mi. SE Fort Williams_, 1 (UM).

SASKATCHEWAN: Emma Lake, 3 (ROM).

WISCONSIN: _Bayfield County_: _Herbster_, 4 (USBS); Brinks Camp, Washburn, 1 (AMNH); _Basswood Lake, 10 mi. SE Iron River_, 1 (USBS). _Douglas County_: Solon Springs, 9 (USBS). _Forest County_: Crandon, 1 (USBS). _Iron County_: Mercer, 2 (USBS). _Oneida County_: _Crescent Lake_, 2 (USBS). _Vilas County_: _Mamie Lake_, 2 (USBS); _Lake St. Germain_, 9 (USBS).

YUKON: Lake Lebarge, 3 (USBS); Forks of MacMillian River, 1 (USBS); McIntyre Creek, 2250 ft., 3 mi. NW Whitehorse, 4.

_Marginal records._--Alaska: Fairbanks. MacKenzie: Ft. Resolution. Manitoba: York Factory. Ontario: Fort Severn, Kenora District; Silver Islet, Thunder Bay Dist. Michigan: Marquette Nat'l Forest; 5 mi. N Menominee. Wisconsin: Crandon; Solon Springs. Minnesota: Tower. Manitoba: Portage la Prairie Prov., Delta. Saskatchewan: Emma Lake. Alberta: 30 mi. above Athabasca Landing, Athabasca River; Lac la Nonne. British Columbia: 1 mi. NW junction Irons Creek and Laird River. Yukon: McIntyre Creek, 2250 ft., 3 mi. NW Whitehorse; Lake Lebarge.

=Zapus hudsonius intermedius= new subspecies

_Type._--Male, adult, No. 83400, Univ. Michigan Mus. Zool.; Ridgeway, Winneshiek County, Iowa; obtained on July 22, 1939, by S. A. Hoslett, original No. 517.

_Range._--Eastern Montana, North Dakota, probably northern South Dakota, all but northern parts of Minnesota and Wisconsin, Iowa, Illinois, southwestern Indiana, and western Kentucky. See fig. 47. Zonal range: Upper Austral (Upper Sonoran and Carolinian) and Transition (Alleghanian and Transition).

_Description._--Size medium; back from near Warm Buff to near Ochraceous-Buff with admixture of hair tipped with black or dark brown usually forming distinct, broad, dorsal band; sides lighter, from near Warm Buff to near Ochraceous-Buff with sparse mixture of dark-tipped hairs; lateral line often poorly marked but when present of clear Ochraceous-Buff; belly white, sometimes with slight suffusion of color of sides; tail bicolored, grayish-brown to brownish-black above, white to grayish-white or yellowish-white below; ears dark, narrowly edged with color of sides; feet white to grayish-white above; tail relatively short; lateral margins of nasals parallel; auditory bullae relatively short, broadly rounded, and moderately inflated; incisive foramina relatively long and narrow; pterygoid fossae relatively narrow; zygomata relatively long; inferior ramus of zygomatic process of maxillary frequently lacking a median projection.

_Comparisons._--From _Zapus hudsonius pallidus_, _Z. h. intermedius_ differs as follows: Coloration duller, not so bright, more yellow or buff and less bright Ochraceous-Buff; interorbital region averaging narrower; incisive foramina averaging longer and narrower; condylobasal length averaging greater; braincase averaging broader; mastoid region averaging broader.

For comparisons with _Zapus hudsonius hudsonius_, _Zapus hudsonius campestris_, and _Zapus hudsonius americanus_ see accounts of those subspecies.

_Remarks._--_Zapus hudsonius intermedius_ has a large geographic range. There is some variation detectable when individuals from widely separate localities are compared, but where there is much variation it is obviously the result of intergradation. All characters differentiating _Z. h. intermedius_ from any contiguous subspecies are not present in every specimen even in the type series. Nevertheless, a certain series of cranial characters (narrow incisive foramina, short rounded auditory bullae, parallel lateral margins of nasals and narrow pterygoid fossae) is diagnostic.

Animals obtained from extreme southwestern Indiana and from eastern Illinois approach _Z. h. americanus_ in color and in shape of the incisive foramina, but in the shape of the nasals, width of the pterygoid fossae and breadth of the zygomata are most nearly like _Z. h. intermedius_ to which they are here referred. Specimens from Lake and Kane counties, Illinois, also show affinity with _Z. h. americanus_ in color, but cranially are most nearly like _Z. h. intermedius_ and are assigned to that subspecies.

Two specimens from southern Illinois (Perry County) are intergrades between _Z. h. pallidus_ and _Z. h. intermedius_. Cockrum and Baker (1950:3) mentioned that these individuals showed evidence of intergradation with _Z. h. pallidus_ in color of the pelage and the breadth of the least interorbital constriction. In other characters the specimens are most nearly like _Z. h. intermedius_ to which they are here referred. Animals from Lyon County, Iowa, also show intergradation between _Z. h. pallidus_ and _Z. h. intermedius_. These individuals are most nearly like _Z. h. pallidus_ in interorbital breadth of the skull but in other characters agree with _Z. h. intermedius_ and, therefore, are referred to that subspecies.

Intergradation between _Z. h. campestris_ and _Z. h. intermedius_ is noted in a specimen from 7 mi. NE Glendive, Montana. This individual has the larger, broader, auditory bullae and more widely bowed incisive foramina of _Z. h. campestris_, but in color, in smaller external size, and in the majority of cranial characters it is best referred to _Z. h. intermedius_.

Specimens from the north-central periphery of the geographic range of _Z. h. intermedius_ (northern Minnesota and Wisconsin) on the average are darker, have longer auditory bullae, wider bowed incisive foramina, and (some specimens) a slightly wider pterygoid fossa than is normal in more southern populations. This deviation from the norm is interpreted as intergradation between _Z. h. hudsonius_ and _Z. h. intermedius_. Individuals from Burnett, Price, and Oconto counties, Wisconsin, and those from Cass and southern Clearwater counties, Minnesota, show such intergradation but are here considered to be _Z. h. intermedius_.

_Specimens examined._--Total, 199, distributed as follows:

ILLINOIS: _Coles Co._: Fox Ridge State Park, 1 (UIM). _Fulton Co._: _1/2 mi. N Norris_, 2 (UIM); _3 mi. N Canton_, 1 (UIM); _2-1/2 mi. N Canton_, 2 (UIM); _2 mi. NW Canton_, 3 (UIM); 2 mi. W Canton, 1 (UIM); _3 mi. SW Monterey_, 1 (UIM). _Jo Daviess Co._: _near Galen_, 3 (FM). _Kane Co._: Sugar Grove, 1 (Chic. AS). _Lake Co._: Fox Lake, 4 (FM); _Pistake Bay_, 1 (FM). _Perry Co._: 6 mi. S Pinckneyville (near Pyatt), 2 (SITC). _Vermilion Co._: _Kickapoo State Park_, 2 (UIM); Jordan Creek, 3 mi. NE Fairmont, 5 (UIM).

INDIANA: _Owen Co._: La Fayette, 1 (USNM). _Parks Co._: Turkey Run State Park, 2 (1 UM; 1 UIM). _Posey Co._: Hovey Lake, 1 (UM); New Harmony, 2 (Clev. MNH); no exact locality, 2 (UM). _Sullivan Co._: no exact locality, 1 (UM).

IOWA: _Dickinson Co._: _Camp Forester, E Okeboji Lake_, 3 (ISC). _Emmet Co._: Fort Defiance State Park, 1 (ISC). _Hamilton Co._: _Little Wall Lake, Jewell_, 6 (ISC). _Ida Co._: Arthur, 1 (ISC). _Lyon Co._: Elgin Township, Sec. 35, 2 (ISC); _Riverside Township, Sec. 28_, 1 (ISC). _Palo Alto Co._: _Ruthven_, 1 (ISC). _Sioux Co._: Ireton, 1 (UM). _Story Co._: Ames, 1 (ISC). _Winneshiek Co._: Decorah, 3 (UM); _Ridgeway_, 11 (UM); Conover, 3 (UM).

KENTUCKY: _Lyon Co._: no exact locality, 1 (USNM).

MONTANA: _Dawson Co._: Yellowstone River, 7 mi. NE Glendive, 2000 ft., 1 (MVZ).

MINNESOTA: _Cass County_: _Cass Lake_, 7 (USBS). _Clearwater Co._: Itasca Park, Biological Station, 5 (UM). _Grant Co._: 3 mi. NW Barrett, 1 (UM). _Jackson Co._: 4 mi. E Heron Lake, 1 (UM). _Ottertail Co._: _5 mi. NW Vergas_, 8 (UM); _4 mi. NW Ashley, 1430 ft._, 2. _Ramsey Co._: St. Paul, 1 (UM). _Sherburne County_: Elk River, 23 (2 UM; 6 MVZ; 3 USBS). _Winona County_: La Crescent, 3 (USBS).

NORTH DAKOTA: _Cass County_: Fargo, 1 (USBS). _Dickey County_: _Ludden_, 1 (USBS); Ellendale, 1 (USBS). _Kidder County_: _Pettibone_, 3 (Chic. AS). _La Moure County_: _La Moure_, 1 (USBS). _Oliver County_: Fort Clark, 3 (USBS). _Pembina County_: Pembina, 2 (USNM). _Ramsey County_: Devils Lake, 3 (USBS). _Ramson County_: _Lisbon_, 1 (USBS). _Richland County_: _Wahpeton_, 2 (USBS); _5 mi. NE Fairmont, Sioux River_, 5 (USBS); Blackner, 2 (USBS). _Rolette County_: Fish Lake, 2 (USBS). _Sioux County_: Cannon Ball, 4 (USBS). _Williams Co._: Grinnell, 2 (USBS).

WISCONSIN: _Burnett County_: Danbury, 1 (USBS). _Chippewa County_: _Holcombe_, 3 (USBS). _Clark County_: _Withee_, 4 (USBS); _Worden Township_, 2 (USBS). _Crawford County_: Lynxville, 1 (USBS). _Dane Co._: _Madison_, 2 (OHIO). _Dodge Co._: _Horicorn Refuge_, 2 (USBS). _Juneau County_: _Mather_, 1 (USBS). _Marathon Co._: _Rib Hill_, 8 (USBS). _Oconto County_: Lakewood, 1 (USBS). _Portage County_: Stevens Point, 3 (USBS). _Price County_: Ogema, 2 (USBS). _Rock County_: Milton, 1 (USBS). _Sauk County_: _Devils Lake_, 1 (USBS). _Sheboygan County_: 8 mi. SW Mellen, 1 (USBS); _Elkhart Lake_, 1 (USBS). _Walworth County_: _Delavan, Fosters Bridge_, 1 (USBS); _Turtle Lake_, 1 (USBS). _Wood Co._: _Thorp Township_, 2 (AMNH); _Hewett Township_, 4 (AMNH).

_Marginal records._--North Dakota: Fish Lake; Pembina. Wisconsin: Danbury; Ogema; Lakewood. Illinois: Fox Lake. Indiana: La Fayette; New Harmony. Illinois: 6 mi. S Pinckneyville (near Pyatt). Iowa: Ames; Arthur; Ireton. Montana: Yellowstone River, 7 mi. NE Glendive, 2000 ft. North Dakota: Grinnell.

=Zapus hudsonius ladas= Bangs

_Zapus hudsonius ladas_ Bangs, Proc. New England Zool. Club, 1:10, February 28, 1899.

_Type._--Female, adult, skin and skull, No. 4169, E. A. and O. Bangs Coll. (now in Mus. Comp. Zool.); Rigoulette, Hamilton Inlet, Labrador; obtained on July 18, 1895, by C. H. Goldthwaite.

_Range._--Eastern Quebec north of Gulf of St. Lawrence, Labrador, and Newfoundland. See fig. 47. Zonal range: Canadian and Hudsonian.

_Description._--Size medium; back relatively dark, near Ochraceous-Tawny with admixture of black-tipped hair; dorsal band relatively wide but not sharply defined against color of sides; side lighter than back, from near Ochraceous-Tawny to near Cinnamon and lined with black-tipped hair; lateral line distinct of clear Cinnamon-Buff or Light Ochraceous-Buff; underparts white, often suffused with Ochraceous-Buff; tail distinctly bicolored, dark brown to black above and yellowish-white to grayish-white below; ears dark, usually flecked with Tawny Ochraceous and edged with ochraceous; feet grayish-white above; incisive foramina relatively short and broad; pterygoid fossae relatively broad; auditory bullae broad and well inflated; mastoid region relatively broad; zygomata relatively short; inferior arm of zygomatic process of maxillary relatively broad.

_Comparison._--From _Zapus hudsonius acadicus_, which _Z. h. ladas_ closely resembles, it differs in: Color darker, dorsal band much less distinct, underparts more frequently suffused with Ochraceous-Buff; auditory bullae relatively broader and more inflated; pterygoid fossae broader; zygomata averaging shorter; incisive foramina relatively shorter; inferior arm of zygomatic process of maxillary relatively broader.

From _Zapus hudsonius canadensis_, _Z. h. ladas_ differs as follows: Color darker, more richly tawny, dorsal band less distinct; auditory bullae relatively shorter, more inflated; pterygoid fossae averaging broader; zygomata averaging broader; incisive foramina averaging longer.

_Remarks._--This subspecies retains all of its diagnostic characters throughout nearly all parts of its geographic range. Specimens from Nova Scotia are like _Z. h. ladas_ in their darker color and less distinct dorsal band, but in the remainder of their characters they are distinct and best referable to _Z. h. acadicus_.

_Zapus h. ladas_, with its relatively large size, poorly defined dorsal band, and broad, well inflated auditory bullae, is one of the better marked subspecies of the species _Zapus hudsonius_.

_Specimens examined._--Total, 41, distributed as follows:

LABRADOR: Mahkovik, 1 (USNM); Etagaulet Bay, Lake Melvikl, 2 (USNM); 3 mi. above mouth of Naskaupi River, 1 (USNM); _Northwest River_, 6, (USNM); Cartwright, 1 (USBS); Muskrat Falls, Hamilton River, 1 (USNM); Hamilton River, Flour Lake, 3 (USNM); Hawke Harbor, 4 (USNM); Goose Bay, 3 (USNM); _Niger Sound, Islet Bay_, 1 (USNM); Red Bay, 5 (USNM); _Mecklenburg Harbor_, 2 (USNM); _Mary Harbor_, 1 (USNM).

NEWFOUNDLAND: Hare Harbor, 3 (USNM).

_Quebec_: northwest Ungava, 1 (NMC); Moise Bay, 5 (NMC); Trout Lake, near Moise Bay, 1 (NMC).

_Marginal records._--Labrador: Mahkovik; Red Bay. Newfoundland: Hare Harbor. Quebec: Trout Lake, near Moise Bay; northwest Ungava.

=Zapus hudsonius pallidus= Cockrum and Baker

_Zapus hudsonius pallidus_ Cockrum and Baker, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 63:1, April 26, 1950.

_Jaculus hudsonius_, Baird, Repts. Expl. and Surv. 111, 8 (pt. 1):433, July 14, 1858 (part--the part from Platte River, Nebraska, and Cass County, Missouri).

_Zapus hudsonius_, Coues, Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geog. Surv. of the Territories, 2nd ser. No. 5:260, 1877 (part--the part from Platte River, Nebraska).

_Zapus hudsonius campestris_ Preble, N. Amer. Fauna, 15:20, August 8, 1899 (part--the part from Columbus in Nebraska and Jackson County in Missouri).

_Type._--Male, adult, No. 22953, Univ. Kansas Mus. Nat. Hist.; NW corner sec. 4, T. 12S, R. 20E, 5-1/2 mi. N, 1-3/4 mi. E Lawrence, Douglas County, Kansas; obtained on May 4, 1948, by E. Lendell Cockrum and Rollin H. Baker, original No. 916 of Cockrum.

_Range._--Southern South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, Missouri, and northeastern Oklahoma. See fig. 47. Zonal range: Upper Austral (Upper Sonoran and Carolinian).

_Description._--Size small; back near Cinnamon-Buff with admixture of dark-tipped hair forming distinct, broad, dorsal band; sides bright Cinnamon-Buff with sparse mixture of dark-tipped hair; lateral line usually distinct, of clear Cinnamon-Buff; belly white, sometimes with suffusion of color of sides, tail bicolored, brownish to brownish-black above, grayish-white to yellowish-white below; ears dark, narrowly edged with color of sides; feet white to grayish-white above; mastoid region relatively narrow; maxillary tooth-row relatively short; zygomata relatively short; zygomatic arch relatively broad; interorbital region relatively broad; auditory bullae relatively small and narrow; lateral margins of nasals not constricted posteriorly.

_Comparisons._--From _Zapus hudsonius preblei_, _Z. h. pallidus_ differs as follows: Coloration brighter and richer, more buff, less black; zygomatic arch more broadly bowed; condylobasal length averaging less; braincase narrower; interorbital region broader; incisive foramina shorter.

For comparisons with _Zapus hudsonius pallidus_ and _Zapus hudsonius intermedius_ see accounts of those subspecies.

_Remarks._--The characters that distinguish this jumping mouse from neighboring kinds are relatively stable throughout most of its geographic range. _Zapus hudsonius pallidus_ is one of the best defined subspecies of _Z. hudsonius_.

One specimen from Batesland, South Dakota, is referred to _Z. h. pallidus_ but shows evidence of intergradation with _Zapus hudsonius campestris_ in the shape of the nasals, incisive foramina, and in breadth of the zygomatic arch. An animal from 3 mi. NE Ponca, Nebraska, is intermediate between _Z. h. pallidus_ and _Zapus hudsonius intermedius_ in size and shape of the auditory bullae and in the breadth of the pterygoid fossae, but since this individual shows more resemblance to _Z. h. pallidus_ in coloration and in the majority of cranial characters it is here referred to _Z. h. pallidus_. Specimens from Beemer, Nebraska, show an intergrading tendency toward _Zapus hudsonius intermedius_ in the reduced lateral bowing of the zygomatic arch and in shorter zygomata. Since these individuals resemble _Z. h. pallidus_ in the majority of characters they are referred to that race. An individual of _Z. h. pallidus_ from Pevely, Missouri, is to some extent an intergrade with _Z. h. intermedius_ of neighboring southern Illinois. Two individuals of _Z. h. pallidus_ from Mohawk Park, Oklahoma, are darker dorsally than, but otherwise similar to, specimens from the type locality.

_Zapus hudsonius pallidus_ seems to be the terminus of a cline; this is a southward trend toward smaller size and lighter, brighter color. There is a similar clinal tendency in the jumping mice in eastern North America, and _Z. h. americanus_ from North Carolina, pronouncedly resembles _Z. h. pallidus_ from Kansas.

_Specimens examined._--Total, 44, distributed as follows:

KANSAS: _Brown Co._: Horton, 1. _Douglas Co._: Sec. 8, T. 123, R. 20E, 5-1/2 mi. N, 1-3/4 mi. E Lawrence, 10; _5 mi. N and 1-1/2 mi. E Lawrence_, 3; _Robinson Farm, 5 mi. N and 3 mi. E Lawrence_, 2; _4 mi. N, 2-1/2 mi. E Lawrence_, 1; Lakeview, 2; _7-1/2 mi. SW Lawrence_, 1. _Greenwood Co._: 1/2 mi. S Hamilton, 1.

MISSOURI: _Cole Co._: Jefferson City, 2 (MO). _Jackson Co._: _no exact locality_, 1 (USBS). _Jefferson County_: Pevely, 1 (USBS).

NEBRASKA: _Blaine Co._: _Dismal River, at Thomas-Blaine County line_, 1 (NGFP). _Boyd Co._: 2 mi. E and 15 mi. S Spencer, 1. _Buffalo Co._: Platte Meadows, Kearney, 1 (HM). _Butler Co._: 5 mi E Rising City, 1. _Cherry Co._: Niobrara River, 18 mi. NW Kennedy, 1; Ballard Marsh, 20 mi. S Valentine, 1 (JKJ); _Pony Lake Headquarters, Valentine Nat'l Wildlife Refuge_, 1 (JKJ). _Colfax Co._: _2 mi. S Schuyler_, 1 (JKJ). _Cuming County_: Beemer, 4 (USBS). _Dixon Co._: 3 mi. NE Ponca, 1. _Platte County_: _Columbus_, 1 (USBS). _Richardson Co._: 5 mi. SE Rulo, 1 (NGFP).

OKLAHOMA: _Tulsa Co._: Mohawk Park, 2 (UM).

SOUTH DAKOTA: _Bennett Co._: Batesland, 1 (FM).

_Marginal records._--South Dakota: Batesland. Nebraska: 3 mi. NE Ponca; Beemer; 5 mi. SE Rulo. Missouri: Pevely. Oklahoma: Mohawk Park. Kansas: 1/2 mi. S Hamilton. Nebraska: Platte Meadows, Kearney; Ballard Marsh, 20 mi. S Valentine; Niobrara River, 18 mi. NW Kennedy.

=Zapus hudsonius preblei= new subspecies

_Type._--Male, adult, No. 73085, U. S. Nat. Mus., Biol. Surv. Coll.; Loveland, Larimer County, Colorado; obtained on July 23, 1895, by E. A. Preble, original No. 435.

_Range._--Southeastern Wyoming and north-central Colorado. See fig. 47. Zonal range: Transition.

_Description._--Size medium; color dull, back from near Clay Color to near Tawny-Olive with admixture of black hair forming poorly defined dorsal band; sides lighter than back from near Clay Color to near Cinnamon-Buff; lateral line distinct and clear Ochraceous-Buff; belly white, sometimes with faint wash of clear Ochraceous-Buff; tail bicolored, brownish to light brownish-black above, grayish-white to yellowish-white below; ears dark, narrowly edged with color of sides; feet grayish-white above; incisive foramina relatively narrow and elongate; auditory bullae moderately inflated; pterygoid fossae relatively broad; postpalatal notch broadly rounded; interorbital region relatively narrow; zygomatic arch not widely bowed; frontal region well inflated; distance from incisors to postpalatal notch relatively short.

_Comparisons._--Among named subspecies, _Zapus hudsonius preblei_ most closely resembles _Z. h. campestris_. From topotypes of _Z. h. campestris_, _Z. h. preblei_ differs as follows: Upper parts generally dull, averaging lighter, less black-tipped hair; dorsal band less distinct; sides duller; averaging smaller in most cranial measurements taken; least interorbital constriction narrower; auditory bullae smaller, less well inflated; incisive foramina narrower, not truncate posteriorly; frontal region usually more inflated.

From _Zapus hudsonius pallidus_, _Z. h. preblei_ differs as follows: Upper parts generally duller (less ochraceous); dorsal band less distinct; sides paler (not bright Ochraceous-Buff); zygomatic arch less widely bowed; least interorbital constriction narrower; occipitonasal length averaging greater; distance from incisors to postpalatal notch averaging less; incisive foramina longer, proportionally less widely bowed; auditory bullae longer; pterygoid fossae averaging broader.

_Remarks._--No evidence of intergradation with any other geographic race was noted. To the east the range of _Z. h. preblei_ is separated from that of _Z. h. pallidus_ (western Kansas and southwestern Nebraska), by several hundred miles of mixed and short grass prairie. Much of this area is unsuitable to jumping mice but local marshy places might be inhabited. Much territory inhospitable to _Zapus_ intervenes also between the ranges of _Z. h. preblei_ and _Z. h. campestris_. This area (northern Platte, Goshen, eastern Converse, Niobrara, and southern Weston counties, Wyoming) is chiefly rolling hills and short grass prairie and, like that to the east, is only locally suitable for _Zapus_. If jumping mice do occur in suitable places in these intervening areas it is to be expected that they will show intergradation between the subspecies concerned.

_Zapus hudsonius preblei_, on the basis of 11 specimens, agrees most closely in size and color with _Z. h. campestris_; there is much less resemblance between _Z. h. preblei_ and _Z. h. pallidus_.

An adult from Springhill, 12 mi. N Laramie Peak, is typically _Z. h. preblei_ as is one from Cheyenne.

Although specimens of _Z. h. preblei_ are few (4 adult, 7 non-adults), the differences between this and neighboring named kinds is considerable.

_Specimens examined_: Total, 11, distributed as follows:

COLORADO: _Boulder County_: 3 mi. E Boulder, 1 (UCM); _5 mi. E Boulder_, 1 (UCM); _south of Boulder_ (no exact locality), 1 (UCM). _Jefferson County_: Semper, 1. _Larimer County_: Loveland, 2 (USBS).

WYOMING: _Albany County_: Springhill, 12 mi. N Laramie Peak, 6300 ft., 3 (USBS). _Laramie County_: Cheyenne, 1 (USNM). _Platte County_: Chugwater, 1 (Clev. MNH).

_Marginal records._--Wyoming: Springhill, 12 mi. N Laramie Peak, 6300 ft.; Chugwater; Cheyenne. Colorado: Loveland; Semper.

=Zapus hudsonius tenellus= Merriam

_Zapus tenellus_ Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 11:103, April 26, 1897.

_Zapus hudsonius tenellus_, Hall, Univ. California Publ. Zool., 40:377, November 5, 1934.

_Zapus hudsonius hudsonius_, Baker, Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 5:111, November 28, 1951 (part--the part from E side Minaker River, 1 mi. W Trutch and 3 mi. N Fort St. John, British Columbia).

_Type._--Female, young adult, skin and skull, No. 66932 U. S. Nat. Mus., Biol. Surv. Coll.; Kamloops, British Columbia; obtained on August 25, 1894, by Clark P. Streator, original No. 4196.

_Range._--British Columbia. See fig. 47. Zonal range: Canadian and Hudsonian.

_Description._--Size medium; back from near Clay Color (brighter) to near Cinnamon-Buff with admixture of black tipped hairs forming a weakly defined dorsal band; sides lighter than back from near dull Ochraceous-Buff to near Cinnamon-Buff frequently with admixture of dark-tipped hairs; lateral line usually distinct, of clear Ochraceous-Buff; belly white sometimes with slight suffusion of Ochraceous-Buff; tail bicolored, brownish to brownish-black above, white or grayish-white to yellowish-white below; ears dark, edged and flecked on inner surface with color of sides; feet grayish-white above; auditory bullae relatively narrow, moderately inflated, elongate when viewed from below, anterior edge slightly concave; incisive foramina relatively short; braincase relatively narrow; vertical depth of skull at junction of frontals and nasals relatively great; nasals relatively narrow; pterygoid fossae moderately broad; zygomata relatively short.

_Comparisons._--For comparisons with _Zapus hudsonius hudsonius_ and _Zapus hudsonius alascensis_ see accounts of those subspecies.

_Remarks._--Merriam (1897a:103) named this jumping mouse as a full species, mentioning that the skull is similar in size and characters to that of _Zapus hudsonius_ but that externally these animals differed in coloration and length of the tail. Hall (1934:377) treated _Z. tenellus_ as a subspecies of _Z. hudsonius_. He observed that the difference between _Z. tenellus_, _Z. h. alascensis_, and _Z. h. hudsonius_ was of the same degree, and, even though intergrading material was not known to him, he considered _tenellus_ only subspecifically distinct from _Z. hudsonius_. Hall (_loc. cit._) tentatively referred to _Z. h. tenellus_ specimens from Indianpoint Lake, 15 mi. NE Barkerville, Cottonwood P. O., and Hazelton, British Columbia. I have seen and compared with the type of _Z. tenellus_ all specimens examined by Hall and agree with him that they are best referred to _Z. h. tenellus_. Since 1934, several additional localities in British Columbia have yielded specimens. Those from Minaker River and Fort St. John are intermediate in dorsal coloration and in size and shape of the auditory bullae between _Zapus hudsonius hudsonius_ and _Z. h. tenellus_ but in all other characters are most nearly like _Z. h. tenellus_ to which they are here assigned. These intergrades constitute additional evidence that _Z. tenellus_ and _Z. hudsonius_ are only subspecies of a single species.

_Specimens examined._--Total, 17, all from British Columbia, distributed as follows: east side Minaker River, 1 mi. W Trutch, 1; Hazelton, 959 ft., 2 (MVZ); 5 mi. W and 3 mi. N Fort St. John, 1; _Indianpoint Lake, 15 mi. NE Barkerville_, 5 (MVZ); Cottonwood P. O., 3 (MVZ); S end Swan Lake, Vernon, 1200 ft., 2 (MVZ); Kamloops, 3 (USBS).

_Marginal records._--British Columbia.--E side Minaker River, 1 mi. W Trutch; 5 mi. W and 3 mi. N Fort St. John; S end Swan Lake, Vernon, 1200 ft.; Kamloops; Hazelton, 959 ft.

TABLE 5.--Cranial Measurements (in Millimeters) of Zapus.

Column headings:

Col. A: Number examined, [M][M] plus [F][F] Col. B: Breadth of braincase Col. C: Condylobasal length Col. D: Interorbital breadth Col. E: Mastoidal breadth Col. F: Length of maxillary tooth-row Col. G: Occipitonasal length Col. H: Palatal length Col. I: Zygomatic breadth Col. J: Zygomatic length

========+======+======+======+======+======+======+======+======+====== A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J --------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ | | _Zapus trinotatus eureka_, Big Lagoon, California. | 13 mean | 10.3 | 21.4 | 4.2 | 10.9 | 3.9 | 24.5 | 10.4 | 12.5 | 9.5 max | 10.6 | 22.1 | 4.4 | 11.1 | 4.0 | 25.5 | 11.5 | 13.2 | 10.0 min | 10.0 | 20.7 | 3.9 | 10.0 | 3.7 | 24.0 | 10.5 | 12.1 | 9.0 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ | | _Zapus trinotatus montanus_, Crater Lake, Oregon. | 10 mean | 10.3 | 20.7 | 4.5 | 10.6 | 4.0 | 24.3 | 10.5 | 12.1 | 9.5 max | 10.5 | 21.5 | 4.7 | 11.1 | 4.1 | 24.8 | 10.8 | 12.6 | 9.8 min | 10.2 | 20.3 | 4.2 | 10.2 | 3.7 | 23.5 | 10.1 | 11.8 | 9.0 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ | | Lost Cr. R. S., 10 mi. SE McKenzie Bridge, Oregon. | 5 mean | 10.3 | 20.9 | 4.5 | 10.7 | 3.9 | 24.2 | 10.4 | 12.1 | 9.3 max | 10.5 | 21.3 | 4.6 | 10.9 | 4.1 | 24.6 | 10.7 | 12.2 | 9.4 min | 10.2 | 20.4 | 4.4 | 10.5 | 3.8 | 23.5 | 10.0 | 12.0 | 9.1 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ | | _Zapus trinotatus orarius_, | 3 mi. W Inverness, 800 ft., California. | 12 mean | 9.9 | 20.4 | 3.8 | 10.8 | 3.7 | 22.6 | 10.0 | 12.1 | 9.3 max | 10.2 | 20.9 | 4.1 | 11.0 | 3.8 | 23.5 | 10.6 | 12.5 | 9.8 min | 9.6 | 19.9 | 3.7 | 10.4 | 3.6 | 21.7 | 9.8 | 11.9 | 8.5 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ | | _Zapus trinotatus trinotatus_, | Old Fort Clatsop, 100 ft., Oregon. | 8 mean | 10.3 | 21.1 | 4.4 | 10.7 | 3.8 | 24.3 | 10.6 | 12.3 | 9.6 max | 10.6 | 21.8 | 4.8 | 11.0 | 3.9 | 25.0 | 11.0 | 12.7 | 10.2 min | 10.0 | 20.2 | 4.0 | 10.4 | 3.7 | 23.6 | 10.0 | 11.9 | 9.2 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ | | Cayuse Meadow, 3800 ft., 3-1/2 mi. SW Steamboat Mt'n, Wash. | 10 mean | 10.4 | 21.5 | 4.5 | 11.1 | 3.9 | 24.6 | 10.7 | 12.6 | 9.7 max | 10.6 | 22.2 | 4.8 | 11.4 | 4.1 | 25.4 | 11.1 | 12.8 | 10.0 min | 10.2 | 20.6 | 3.8 | 10.8 | 3.8 | 23.7 | 10.2 | 12.2 | 9.3 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ | | Snoqualmie Pass, Washington. | 5 mean | 10.6 | 21.6 | 4.6 | 11.1 | 4.0 | 24.8 | 10.9 | 12.8 | 9.8 max | 10.7 | 22.2 | 4.8 | 11.5 | 4.2 | 25.6 | 11.2 | 13.2 | 10.0 min | 10.4 | 21.2 | 4.4 | 10.9 | 3.8 | 24.0 | 10.5 | 12.5 | 9.5 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ | | Alta Lake, 2200 ft., British Columbia. | 5 mean | 10.6 | 21.6 | 4.3 | 11.3 | 4.1 | 24.7 | 10.8 | 12.7 | 9.7 max | 10.9 | 21.9 | 4.6 | 11.5 | 4.3 | 25.0 | 10.9 | 13.1 | 9.8 min | 10.5 | 21.2 | 4.2 | 11.0 | 3.9 | 24.4 | 10.7 | 12.3 | 9.6 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ | | _Zapus princeps cinereus_, Raft River Mt's, Utah. | 4 mean | 10.5 | 21.5 | 5.0 | 11.1 | 4.1 | 24.5 | 10.9 | 12.6 | 9.9 max | 11.0 | 22.5 | 5.1 | 11.4 | 4.3 | 25.0 | 11.6 | 12.9 | 10.5 min | 10.3 | 21.0 | 4.6 | 10.7 | 3.9 | 24.0 | 10.4 | 12.3 | 9.4 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ | | Mt. Harrison, 10 mi. S Albion, Idaho. | 13 mean | 10.5 | 21.4 | 4.8 | 10.9 | 4.1 | 24.9 | 10.9 | 12.4 | 10.1 max | 10.7 | 22.0 | 5.1 | 11.4 | 4.2 | 25.5 | 11.4 | 12.8 | 10.8 min | 10.2 | 20.9 | 4.5 | 10.5 | 3.9 | 24.3 | 10.2 | 11.7 | 9.8 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ | | _Zapus princeps curtatus_, Pine Forest Mt's, Nevada. | 11 mean | 10.5 | 21.1 | 4.7 | 10.7 | 4.2 | 24.6 | 10.9 | 12.2 | 9.7 max | 10.6 | 21.8 | 5.0 | 11.0 | 4.4 | 25.3 | 11.4 | 12.5 | 10.0 min | 10.2 | 20.5 | 4.2 | 10.5 | 3.9 | 24.0 | 10.5 | 11.9 | 9.4 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ | | _Zapus princeps idahoensis_, | several localities near Cody, Wyoming. | 24 mean | 10.5 | 21.4 | 4.6 | 11.0 | 4.0 | 24.7 | 10.9 | 12.6 | 9.6 max | 11.2 | 22.6 | 5.2 | 11.4 | 4.2 | 25.6 | 11.5 | 13.3 | 10.2 min | 9.9 | 20.6 | 4.3 | 10.5 | 3.9 | 24.1 | 10.2 | 12.0 | 9.3 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ | | 5 mi. E Warm Lake, 7000 ft., Idaho. | 4 mean | 10.2 | 21.2 | 4.3 | 11.0 | 4.1 | 24.4 | 10.7 | 12.3 | 9.5 max | 10.3 | 21.8 | 4.4 | 11.1 | 4.2 | 24.8 | 11.0 | 12.6 | 9.9 min | 10.0 | 20.7 | 4.2 | 10.8 | 4.0 | 23.9 | 10.3 | 12.0 | 9.1 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ | | Summit Smith Mt'n, 7500 ft., Idaho. | 9 mean | 10.2 | 21.3 | 4.4 | 10.9 | 4.1 | 24.5 | 10.7 | 12.1 | 9.5 max | 10.5 | 22.5 | 4.6 | 11.3 | 4.3 | 25.2 | 11.2 | 12.6 | 10.0 min | 10.0 | 20.8 | 4.0 | 10.5 | 3.9 | 23.9 | 10.3 | 11.8 | 9.1 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ | | 2 mi. NE Cooke, 8500 ft., Montana. | 6 mean | 10.4 | 21.1 | 4.4 | 10.9 | 4.0 | 24.3 | 10.5 | 12.5 | 9.7 max | 10.6 | 21.8 | 4.5 | 11.5 | 4.1 | 25.4 | 11.1 | 12.9 | 10.2 min | 10.2 | 20.3 | 4.3 | 10.7 | 3.8 | 23.5 | 9.9 | 12.0 | 9.0 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ | | Birch Cr., 18 mi. NE Dillon, 7100 ft., Montana. | 11 mean | 10.3 | 21.3 | 4.3 | 11.0 | 4.0 | 24.5 | 10.8 | 12.6 | 9.6 max | 10.6 | 22.2 | 4.6 | 11.6 | 4.3 | 25.5 | 11.5 | 13.0 | 9.9 min | 9.7 | 20.7 | 4.0 | 10.6 | 3.8 | 23.7 | 10.3 | 12.4 | 9.2 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ | | _Zapus princeps idahoensis_, Waterton Lakes Park, Alberta. | 5 mean | 10.6 | 21.4 | 4.6 | 10.7 | 4.1 | 24.5 | 10.8 | 12.2 | 9.7 max | 10.9 | 22.1 | 4.7 | 11.0 | 4.2 | 25.2 | 11.0 | 12.3 | 10.1 min | 10.3 | 21.0 | 4.4 | 10.4 | 4.0 | 24.2 | 10.6 | 11.8 | 9.3 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ | | _Zapus princeps kootenayensis_, | near Rossland, British Columbia. | 10 mean | 10.2 | 20.5 | 4.4 | 10.6 | 4.0 | 23.7 | 10.4 | 11.9 | 9.2 max | 10.8 | 21.0 | 4.8 | 10.9 | 4.2 | 24.4 | 10.7 | 12.2 | 9.5 min | 9.7 | 20.0 | 4.1 | 10.0 | 3.8 | 23.2 | 9.9 | 11.4 | 9.0 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ | | _Zapus princeps luteus_, White Mt's, Arizona. | 20 mean | 10.1 | 20.3 | 4.9 | 10.7 | 3.9 | 23.8 | 10.4 | 11.9 | 9.7 max | 10.4 | 21.1 | 5.1 | 11.2 | 4.0 | 24.8 | 10.9 | 12.6 | 10.2 min | 9.6 | 19.1 | 4.3 | 10.2 | 3.6 | 22.5 | 9.5 | 11.1 | 8.9 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ | | Espanola, 5000 ft., New Mexico. | 3 mean | 9.8 | 19.8 | 4.7 | 10.5 | 3.7 | 23.4 | 9.9 | 11.5 | 9.5 max | 10.0 | 20.1 | 4.8 | 10.6 | 3.8 | 23.7 | 10.3 | 11.6 | 9.7 min | 9.7 | 19.5 | 4.5 | 10.3 | 3.6 | 22.9 | 9.6 | 11.4 | 9.4 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ | | _Zapus princeps minor_, | 2 mi. W Fort Totten, 1400 ft., No. Dakota. | 11 mean | 9.9 | 20.5 | 4.5 | 10.6 | 3.7 | 23.7 | 10.5 | 11.8 | 9.6 max | 10.1 | 20.8 | 4.8 | 10.8 | 3.8 | 24.2 | 10.7 | 12.1 | 9.9 min | 9.7 | 20.0 | 4.4 | 10.4 | 3.6 | 23.4 | 10.2 | 11.4 | 9.3 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ | | Near Bottineau, North Dakota. | 4 mean | 10.1 | 20.9 | 4.6 | 10.6 | 3.8 | 24.1 | 10.8 | 12.3 | 10.0 max | 10.2 | 21.3 | 4.7 | 10.9 | 3.8 | 24.5 | 10.9 | 12.5 | 10.2 min | 10.1 | 20.6 | 4.5 | 10.4 | 3.7 | 23.8 | 10.7 | 12.1 | 9.9 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ | | Head Eagle Cr., Bear Paw Mt's, Montana. | 7 mean | 10.0 | 20.8 | 4.6 | 10.7 | 3.8 | 24.2 | 10.7 | 12.1 | 9.8 max | 10.5 | 21.3 | 4.7 | 10.9 | 4.0 | 24.7 | 11.1 | 12.5 | 10.0 min | 9.8 | 20.3 | 4.4 | 10.5 | 3.6 | 23.2 | 10.3 | 11.9 | 9.7 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ | | N Maple Cr., Cypress Hills, Saskatchewan. | 10 mean | 10.1 | 21.2 | 4.6 | 10.7 | 3.9 | 24.5 | 10.9 | 12.3 | 9.8 max | 10.4 | 21.7 | 4.9 | 10.8 | 4.0 | 24.8 | 11.3 | 12.7 | 10.0 min | 9.9 | 20.4 | 4.4 | 10.5 | 3.6 | 24.0 | 10.5 | 11.8 | 9.6 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ | | _Zapus princeps oregonus_, | Parker Cr., Warner Mt's, 5500 ft., Cal. | 12 mean | 10.6 | 21.6 | 4.7 | 11.1 | 4.2 | 25.0 | 11.1 | 12.6 | 10.2 max | 11.0 | 22.2 | 4.9 | 11.6 | 4.4 | 25.7 | 11.4 | 13.0 | 10.9 min | 10.2 | 21.2 | 4.3 | 10.8 | 4.0 | 24.5 | 10.7 | 12.4 | 9.9 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ | | Cobb Cr., 6 mi. SW Mt'n City, Nevada. | 12 mean | 10.7 | 21.6 | 5.0 | 11.2 | 4.1 | 25.0 | 11.2 | 12.6 | 10.0 max | 11.1 | 22.1 | 5.2 | 11.4 | 4.3 | 25.7 | 11.8 | 13.0 | 10.3 min | 10.5 | 21.0 | 4.6 | 10.7 | 3.8 | 24.4 | 10.9 | 12.2 | 9.5 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ | | Wisconsin Cr., 8000 ft., Nevada. | 10 mean | 10.6 | 21.6 | 4.9 | 11.2 | 4.0 | 24.8 | 11.1 | 12.4 | 9.5 max | 10.8 | 22.2 | 5.0 | 11.5 | 4.2 | 25.2 | 11.4 | 12.8 | 9.6 min | 10.3 | 21.2 | 4.6 | 10.8 | 3.9 | 24.1 | 10.6 | 12.2 | 9.3 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ | | North Fork Malheur River, | 21 mi. SE Prairie City, 5000 ft., Ore. | 10 mean | 10.6 | 21.5 | 4.7 | 11.3 | 4.2 | 24.8 | 11.0 | 12.7 | 9.9 max | 11.2 | 22.3 | 5.2 | 11.6 | 4.4 | 26.2 | 11.7 | 13.2 | 10.9 min | 10.0 | 20.8 | 4.3 | 10.9 | 4.0 | 23.5 | 10.5 | 12.4 | 9.7 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ | | _Zapus princeps pacificus_, | North Fork Coffee Cr., 4500 ft., Calif. | 8 mean | 10.4 | 21.5 | 4.7 | 10.9 | 3.9 | 24.8 | 11.1 | 12.5 | 10.0 max | 10.8 | 22.4 | 5.0 | 11.4 | 4.0 | 25.2 | 11.4 | 13.2 | 10.5 min | 10.0 | 20.7 | 4.5 | 10.7 | 3.8 | 24.0 | 10.5 | 12.0 | 9.6 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ | | Jackson Lake, 5900 ft., California. | 7 mean | 10.4 | 21.5 | 4.5 | 11.1 | 4.0 | 24.9 | 11.0 | 12.6 | 10.0 max | 10.6 | 22.1 | 4.6 | 11.5 | 4.1 | 25.5 | 11.4 | 12.9 | 10.4 min | 10.1 | 20.7 | 4.3 | 10.5 | 3.8 | 23.5 | 10.0 | 12.2 | 9.6 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ | | Head of Lyle Canyon, 9700 ft., California. | 7 mean | 10.3 | 20.8 | 4.7 | 10.6 | 3.8 | 24.0 | 10.5 | 12.3 | 9.5 max | 10.5 | 21.8 | 5.0 | 11.0 | 4.0 | 24.6 | 10.8 | 12.7 | 10.0 min | 10.0 | 20.0 | 4.5 | 10.2 | 3.5 | 23.0 | 10.0 | 11.8 | 9.0 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ | | _Zapus princeps princeps_, Florida, Colorado. | 7 mean | 10.2 | 21.4 | 4.6 | 10.5 | 3.7 | 24.9 | 11.1 | 12.3 | 9.9 max | 10.5 | 22.3 | 4.7 | 11.3 | 3.8 | 25.4 | 11.4 | 12.5 | 10.3 min | 9.7 | 20.7 | 4.3 | 9.8 | 3.5 | 23.9 | 10.9 | 11.9 | 9.3 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ | | _Zapus princeps princeps_, Half Way, Colorado. | 6 mean | 10.1 | 21.7 | 4.6 | 10.8 | 3.9 | 24.9 | 11.0 | 12.3 | 9.9 max | 10.3 | 22.0 | 4.8 | 11.1 | 4.0 | 25.8 | 11.3 | 12.7 | 10.2 min | 10.0 | 21.2 | 4.5 | 10.5 | 3.8 | 24.2 | 10.7 | 12.1 | 9.6 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ | | 8 mi. N, 19-1/2 mi. E Savery, Wyoming. | 11 mean | 10.2 | 21.2 | 4.5 | 10.9 | 3.9 | 24.5 | 10.8 | 12.2 | 9.7 max | 10.5 | 21.8 | 4.7 | 11.1 | 4.1 | 25.0 | 11.1 | 12.5 | 10.2 min | 10.0 | 20.8 | 4.2 | 10.6 | 3.7 | 23.7 | 10.5 | 12.0 | 9.3 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ | | 21-1/2 mi. S, 24-1/2 mi. W Douglas, 7600 ft., Wyoming. | 11 mean | 10.1 | 21.2 | 4.6 | 10.9 | 4.0 | 24.6 | 10.8 | 12.3 | 9.8 max | 10.4 | 21.9 | 4.9 | 11.2 | 4.1 | 25.0 | 11.2 | 12.8 | 10.1 min | 9.9 | 20.7 | 4.5 | 10.8 | 3.8 | 24.2 | 10.5 | 12.0 | 9.5 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ | | Medicine Wheel Ranch, 28 mi. E Lovell, 9000 ft., Wyoming. | 20 mean | 10.3 | 21.5 | 4.7 | 11.2 | 4.0 | 24.7 | 11.0 | 12.6 | 10.0 max | 10.6 | 22.2 | 4.9 | 11.5 | 4.2 | 25.3 | 11.4 | 12.9 | 10.4 min | 10.0 | 20.7 | 4.4 | 10.8 | 3.8 | 24.1 | 10.6 | 12.2 | 9.8 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ | | _Zapus princeps saltator_, | Stikine River at Glenora, British Columbia. | 17 mean | 10.4 | 21.3 | 4.4 | 10.9 | 4.1 | 24.3 | 10.7 | 12.5 | 9.6 max | 10.7 | 22.2 | 4.5 | 11.4 | 4.5 | 25.0 | 11.4 | 13.0 | 10.0 min | 9.8 | 20.5 | 4.1 | 10.6 | 3.8 | 23.3 | 10.3 | 12.0 | 9.3 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ | | Hazelton, 959 ft., British Columbia. | 15 mean | 10.4 | 21.6 | 4.5 | 11.0 | 4.0 | 24.6 | 10.9 | 12.5 | 9.8 max | 10.8 | 22.3 | 4.7 | 11.6 | 4.2 | 25.5 | 11.4 | 12.9 | 10.0 min | 9.9 | 20.7 | 4.2 | 10.7 | 3.8 | 23.7 | 10.5 | 11.7 | 9.4 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ | | _Zapus princeps utahensis_, | near Robertson, 8700 ft., Wyoming. | 15 mean | 10.7 | 22.0 | 5.0 | 11.2 | 4.1 | 25.4 | 11.1 | 13.2 | 9.9 max | 11.1 | 22.6 | 5.1 | 11.6 | 4.2 | 26.4 | 11.7 | 14.0 | 10.3 min | 10.3 | 21.0 | 4.7 | 10.8 | 3.9 | 24.6 | 10.8 | 12.4 | 9.6 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ | | 3 mi. N and 11 mi. E Alpine, 5650 ft., Wyoming. | 17 mean | 10.6 | 22.1 | 4.7 | 11.3 | 4.1 | 25.3 | 11.3 | 13.0 | 9.9 max | 11.0 | 23.0 | 4.9 | 11.7 | 4.3 | 26.2 | 11.8 | 13.5 | 10.5 min | 10.3 | 21.3 | 4.4 1| 0.8 | 4.0 | 24.2 | 10.7 | 12.1 | 9.5 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ | | _Zapus princeps utahensis_, | Salamander Lake and Lambs Canyon, 9000 ft., Utah. | 9 mean | 10.9 | 22.0 | 4.8 | 11.2 | 4.1 | 25.2 | 11.1 | 13.1 | 10.0 max | 11.3 | 22.4 | 5.0 | 11.3 | 4.3 | 25.9 | 11.4 | 13.3 | 10.3 min | 10.7 | 21.5 | 4.5 | 11.0 | 3.9 | 24.6 | 10.7 | 12.6 | 9.7 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ | | _Zapus hudsonius acadicus_, | vicinity of St. Andrews, New Brunswick. | 4 mean | 9.6 | 19.8 | 4.1 | 10.2 | 3.5 | 23.0 | 10.1 | 10.8 | 9.5 max | 9.8 | 19.9 | 4.2 | 10.3 | 3.7 | 23.1 | 10.2 | 11.1 | 9.7 min | 9.2 | 19.7 | 3.9 | 10.0 | 3.3 | 22.8 | 9.9 | 10.4 | 9.2 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ | | Sebec Lake, Maine. | 3 mean | 9.6 | 19.5 | 4.3 | 10.0 | 3.5 | 23.0 | 10.0 | 10.7 | 9.2 max | 9.8 | 19.8 | 4.5 | 10.1 | 3.6 | 23.3 | 10.1 | 11.3 | 9.4 min | 9.4 | 19.0 | 4.0 | 9.7 | 3.4 | 22.6 | 9.9 | 9.9 | 9.0 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ | | 2 mi. S Center Ossipee, New Hampshire. | 10 mean | 9.6 | 19.8 | 4.2 | 10.1 | 3.5 | 23.3 | 10.0 | 10.8 | 9.3 max | 10.0 | 20.5 | 4.6 | 10.4 | 3.6 | 24.0 | 10.3 | 11.0 | 9.9 min | 9.2 | 18.9 | 3.8 | 9.7 | 3.2 | 22.3 | 9.6 | 10.6 | 8.8 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ | | Berlin, New York. | 6 mean | 9.5 | 19.5 | 4.3 | 10.1 | 3.5 | 22.9 | 9.8 | 10.8 | 9.2 max | 9.9 | 20.6 | 4.4 | 10.6 | 3.7 | 23.8 | 10.6 | 11.3 | 9.6 min | 9.2 | 18.8 | 4.2 | 9.5 | 3.4 | 21.8 | 9.3 | 10.4 | 8.6 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ | | Lake Kedgemakooge, Nova Scotia. | 5 mean | 9.5 | 19.9 | 4.2 | 10.3 | 3.5 | 23.4 | 10.2 | 11.3 | 9.4 max | 9.7 | 20.1 | 4.3 | 10.4 | 3.5 | 23.5 | 10.4 | 11.4 | 9.5 min | 9.3 | 19.7 | 4.0 | 10.3 | 3.4 | 23.3 | 9.9 | 11.0 | 9.3 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ | | _Zapus hudsonius alascensis_, Lake Clark, Alaska. | 2 mean | 9.5 | 19.3 | 4.3 | 10.0 | 3.6 | 22.8 | 9.9 | 10.7 | 9.2 max | 9.6 | 19.6 | 4.4 | 10.0 | 3.6 | 23.0 | 9.9 | 10.7 | 9.2 min | 9.4 | 19.1 | 4.2 | 9.9 | 3.5 | 22.6 | 9.9 | 10.7 | 9.2 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ | | Frosty Peak, Yakutat Bay, Alaska. | 3 mean | 9.8 | 19.7 | 4.2 | 10.3 | 3.6 | 23.5 | 10.1 | 10.8 | 9.5 max | 10.0 | 20.0 | 4.5 | 10.6 | 3.7 | 24.2 | 10.4 | 11.1 | 9.8 min | 9.6 | 19.0 | 4.0 | 9.8 | 3.5 | 22.5 | 9.6 | 10.2 | 9.2 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ | | _Zapus hudsonius alascensis_, | 7 mi. SSE Haines, 10 ft., Alaska. | 14 mean | 9.9 | 20.0 | 4.2 | 10.4 | 3.6 | 23.7 | 10.2 | 11.0 | 9.4 max | 10.1 | 20.5 | 4.4 | 10.8 | 3.7 | 24.6 | 10.7 | 11.4 | 9.8 min | 9.8 | 19.5 | 4.0 | 10.2 | 3.4 | 23.0 | 9.8 | 10.4 | 9.0 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ | | SW end Dezadeash Lake, Yukon. | 2 mean | 10.0 | 19.8 | 4.5 | 10.5 | 3.6 | 23.5 | 10.2 | 11.3 | 9.6 max | 10.1 | 20.1 | 4.5 | 10.5 | 3.6 | 23.8 | 10.4 | 11.3 | 9.7 min | 9.8 | 19.5 | 4.4 | 10.5 | 3.5 | 23.2 | 10.0 | 11.2 | 9.5 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ | | _Zapus hudsonius americanus_, Boyne Falls, Michigan. | 8 mean | 9.5 | 18.7 | 4.1 | 9.7 | 3.3 | 22.0 | 9.5 | 11.0 | 9.1 max | 9.8 | 19.4 | 4.3 | 10.0 | 3.4 | 23.2 | 10.0 | 11.4 | 9.3 min | 9.3 | 18.3 | 3.8 | 9.4 | 3.0 | 21.5 | 9.0 | 10.3 | 9.0 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ | | Ann Arbor, Michigan. | 3 mean | 9.5 | 18.6 | 4.2 | 9.9 | 3.3 | 22.0 | 9.5 | 10.9 | 9.0 max | 9.6 | 18.8 | 4.4 | 10.0 | 3.3 | 22.4 | 9.8 | 11.0 | 9.1 min | 9.4 | 18.5 | 3.8 | 9.8 | 3.2 | 21.9 | 9.3 | 10.8 | 8.9 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ | | Montauk Point, L. I., New York. | 2 mean | 9.4 | 18.8 | 4.3 | 9.2 | 3.5 | 22.2 | 9.7 | 10.6 | 8.9 max | 9.6 | 19.1 | 4.4 | 9.2 | 3.5 | 22.5 | 9.8 | 10.7 | 8.9 min | 9.2 | 18.4 | 4.2 | 9.2 | 3.4 | 21.9 | 9.5 | 10.5 | 8.9 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ | | Mays Landing, New Jersey. | 2 mean | 9.4 | 18.8 | 4.4 | 9.8 | 3.4 | 22.1 | 9.6 | 10.9 | 8.5 max | 9.5 | 18.8 | 4.4 | 9.8 | 3.5 | 22.2 | 9.7 | 11.0 | 8.7 min | 9.3 | 18.7 | 4.4 | 9.8 | 3.2 | 22.0 | 9.5 | 10.8 | 8.2 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ | | Laurel, Maryland. | 3 mean | 9.1 | 18.6 | 4.3 | 9.6 | 3.3 | 22.0 | 9.5 | 10.6 | 8.7 max | 9.3 | 18.9 | 4.5 | 9.7 | 3.3 | 22.0 | 9.7 | 10.8 | 8.9 min | 8.9 | 18.2 | 4.1 | 9.5 | 3.3 | 21.9 | 9.2 | 10.4 | 8.6 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ | | Hampton, Virginia. | 3 mean | 9.0 | 18.8 | 4.1 | 9.7 | 3.3 | 21.9 | 9.4 | 10.6 | 9.0 max | 9.3 | 18.9 | 4.1 | 9.8 | 3.3 | 22.0 | 9.6 | 11.1 | 9.2 min | 8.6 | 18.5 | 4.0 | 9.6 | 3.2 | 21.8 | 9.2 | 10.0 | 8.9 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ | | _Zapus hudsonius americanus_, Raleigh, North Carolina. | 3 mean | 9.2 | 18.8 | 4.0 | 9.9 | 3.4 | 22.4 | 9.6 | 10.9 | 8.9 max | 9.6 | 19.7 | 4.2 | 10.4 | 3.5 | 23.0 | 9.9 | 10.9 | 9.4 min | 8.8 | 17.9 | 3.9 | 9.4 | 3.2 | 21.8 | 9.4 | 10.8 | 8.5 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ | | _Zapus hudsonius campestris_, | 3 mi. NW Sundance, 5900 ft., Wyo. | 19 mean | 9.7 | 19.9 | 4.3 | 10.4 | 3.6 | 23.2 | 10.0 | 11.1 | 9.5 max | 10.0 | 20.8 | 4.5 | 10.9 | 3.8 | 24.2 | 10.5 | 11.8 | 10.0 min | 9.4 | 19.2 | 3.8 | 10.1 | 3.4 | 22.4 | 9.5 | 10.7 | 9.2 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ | | Palmer Gulch, Black Hills, South Dakota. | 11 mean | 9.8 | 20.2 | 4.3 | 10.5 | 3.7 | 23.4 | 10.1 | 11.4 | 9.6 max | 10.2 | 21.4 | 4.5 | 11.1 | 3.9 | 24.9 | 10.9 | 12.0 | 10.2 min | 9.5 | 19.0 | 4.2 | 10.1 | 3.5 | 21.9 | 9.5 | 10.7 | 9.0 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ | | _Zapus hudsonius canadensis_, St. Methode, Quebec. | 4 mean | 9.6 | 19.2 | 4.3 | 10.1 | 3.6 | 22.6 | 9.8 | 10.9 | 9.1 max | 9.9 | 19.7 | 4.5 | 10.2 | 3.7 | 23.5 | 10.1 | 11.2 | 9.4 min | 9.1 | 18.5 | 3.9 | 9.9 | 3.3 | 21.7 | 9.5 | 10.7 | 8.7 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ | | Pancake Bay, Algoma District, Ontario. | 11 mean | 9.6 | 18.8 | 4.1 | 10.0 | 3.5 | 22.2 | 9.6 | 10.4 | 9.2 max | 10.0 | 19.4 | 4.4 | 10.3 | 3.6 | 22.8 | 9.7 | 10.6 | 9.7 min | 9.2 | 18.3 | 3.8 | 9.6 | 3.3 | 21.8 | 9.2 | 9.8 | 8.6 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ | | Franz, Ontario. | 5 mean | 9.8 | 19.4 | 4.2 | 10.3 | 3.5 | 22.6 | 9.8 | 10.7 | 9.0 max | 10.0 | 19.8 | 4.3 | 10.5 | 3.6 | 23.2 | 10.2 | 11.1 | 9.3 min | 9.6 | 18.9 | 4.1 | 10.2 | 3.4 | 22.1 | 9.6 | 10.4 | 8.8 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ | | _Zapus hudsonius hudsonius_, Fort Severn, Ontario. | 4 mean | 9.9 | 19.3 | 4.2 | 9.9 | 3.5 | 22.7 | 9.6 | 10.9 | 9.2 max | 10.1 | 19.7 | 4.3 | 10.1 | 3.6 | 23.3 | 9.8 | 11.0 | 9.3 min | 9.8 | 19.0 | 4.0 | 9.7 | 3.4 | 22.0 | 9.3 | 10.7 | 9.0 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ | | Oxford House, Manitoba. | 6 mean | 9.6 | 19.1 | 4.4 | 9.9 | 3.5 | 22.3 | 9.7 | 10.4 | 9.2 max | 9.9 | 19.8 | 4.6 | 10.1 | 3.7 | 23.1 | 10.0 | 10.8 | 9.6 min | 9.3 | 18.7 | 4.2 | 9.6 | 3.3 | 21.7 | 9.5 | 9.8 | 8.8 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ | | _Zapus hudsonius hudsonius_, Emma Lake, Saskatchewan. | 2 mean | 9.8 | 19.4 | 4.3 | 9.9 | 3.6 | 22.7 | 9.8 | 10.9 | 9.0 max | 9.8 | 19.5 | 4.3 | 9.9 | 3.6 | 22.9 | 9.9 | 10.9 | 9.1 min | 9.8 | 19.3 | 4.2 | 9.9 | 3.5 | 22.4 | 9.6 | 10.9 | 8.9 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ | | Lac la Nonne, Alberta. | 4 mean | 9.8 | 19.1 | 4.2 | 10.0 | 3.4 | 22.4 | 9.7 | 10.5 | 9.1 max | 9.8 | 19.4 | 4.2 | 10.0 | 3.5 | 22.6 | 9.9 | 10.5 | 9.2 min | 9.7 | 18.8 | 4.1 | 9.9 | 3.3 | 22.2 | 9.6 | 10.5 | 8.9 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ | | 1 mi. NW Junct. Irons Cr. and Laird River, | British Columbia. | 3 mean | 9.6 | 19.0 | 4.3 | 9.9 | 3.5 | 22.2 | 9.7 | 10.6 | 9.1 max | 9.6 | 19.3 | 4.3 | 10.1 | 3.5 | 22.6 | 9.8 | 10.9 | 9.3 min | 9.5 | 18.7 | 4.3 | 9.7 | 3.4 | 21.7 | 9.5 | 10.3 | 8.9 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ | | _Zapus hudsonius intermedius_, Blackner, North Dakota. | 2 mean | 10.1 | 19.6 | 4.3 | 10.0 | 3.6 | 22.7 | 9.9 | 11.1 | 9.4 max | 10.1 | 20.0 | 4.4 | 10.4 | 3.7 | 23.2 | 9.9 | 11.4 | 9.7 min | 10.0 | 19.1 | 4.1 | 9.8 | 3.4 | 22.2 | 9.8 | 10.8 | 9.0 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ | | Cannon Ball, North Dakota. | 2 mean | 9.8 | 19.1 | 4.4 | 10.1 | 3.6 | 22.0 | 9.5 | 11.0 | 9.1 max | 9.9 | 19.1 | 4.4 | 10.2 | 3.7 | 22.4 | 9.8 | 11.3 | 9.2 min | 9.6 | 19.0 | 4.3 | 9.9 | 3.4 | 21.8 | 9.2 | 10.7 | 9.0 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ | | Elk River, Minnesota. | 8 mean | 9.5 | 19.2 | 4.2 | 9.9 | 3.4 | 22.5 | 9.6 | 10.6 | 9.2 max | 9.7 | 19.6 | 4.3 | 10.0 | 3.6 | 23.0 | 9.9 | 11.0 | 9.5 min | 9.2 | 18.9 | 4.0 | 9.9 | 3.3 | 22.1 | 9.4 | 10.2 | 9.0 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ | | E Okeboji Lake, Iowa. | 3 mean | 9.6 | 19.3 | 4.2 | 9.9 | 3.4 | 22.2 | 9.3 | 10.2 | 9.4 max | 9.8 | 19.3 | 4.2 | 10.0 | 3.4 | 22.2 | 9.3 | 10.2 | 9.7 min | 9.4 | 19.3 | 4.2 | 9.8 | 3.4 | 22.2 | 9.2 | 10.2 | 9.0 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ | | Turkey Run State Park, Indiana. | 2 mean | 9.5 | 18.9 | 4.2 | 9.6 | 3.5 | 22.3 | 9.8 | 10.4 | 9.0 max | 9.6 | 18.9 | 4.4 | 9.6 | 3.6 | 22.4 | 9.8 | 10.8 | 9.0 min | 9.4 | 18.9 | 4.0 | 9.6 | 3.3 | 22.2 | 9.8 | 10.0 | 9.0 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ | | _Zapus hudsonius intermedius_, | Jordan Cr., 3 mi. NE Fairmont, Ill. | 5 mean | 9.6 | 19.4 | 4.1 | 10.1 | 3.6 | 22.6 | 10.0 | 10.7 | 9.2 max | 9.9 | 19.8 | 4.2 | 10.3 | 3.8 | 23.4 | 10.5 | 11.6 | 9.6 min | 9.3 | 18.9 | 4.0 | 10.0 | 3.4 | 21.9 | 9.5 | 10.3 | 8.9 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ | | Rib Hill, Wisconsin. | 5 mean | 9.6 | 19.0 | 4.3 | 10.1 | 3.4 | 22.6 | 9.7 | 10.8 | 9.0 max | 10.0 | 19.8 | 4.4 | 10.5 | 3.6 | 23.7 | 10.2 | 11.2 | 9.3 min | 9.4 | 18.4 | 4.1 | 9.7 | 3.2 | 21.9 | 9.4 | 10.3 | 8.7 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ | | Lake St. Germain, Wisconsin. | 5 mean | 9.7 | 18.9 | 4.1 | 10.1 | 3.5 | 22.5 | 9.6 | 10.5 | 9.0 max | 9.9 | 19.5 | 4.3 | 10.2 | 3.6 | 23.2 | 10.0 | 10.8 | 9.3 min | 9.5 | 18.4 | 3.9 | 9.8 | 3.3 | 21.8 | 9.0 | 10.2 | 8.5 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ | | _Zapus hudsonius ladas_, Northwest River, Labrador. | 6 mean | 9.5 | 19.0 | 4.2 | 10.2 | 3.6 | 22.4 | 9.7 | 10.9 | 9.0 max | 9.6 | 20.0 | 4.4 | 10.3 | 3.6 | 23.2 | 10.2 | 11.0 | 9.4 min | 9.3 | 18.4 | 4.0 | 10.0 | 3.5 | 21.5 | 9.4 | 10.6 | 8.8 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ | | Moisie Bay, Labrador. | 4 mean | 9.8 | 19.1 | 4.3 | 10.0 | 3.4 | 22.8 | 9.6 | 11.0 | 9.1 max | 9.8 | 19.7 | 4.4 | 10.0 | 3.5 | 23.5 | 10.1 | 11.3 | 9.8 min | 9.7 | 18.6 | 4.1 | 9.9 | 3.3 | 22.1 | 9.3 | 10.8 | 8.9 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ | | _Zapus hudsonius pallidus_, Mohawk Park, Oklahoma. | 2 mean | 9.7 | 18.4 | 4.3 | 9.9 | 3.7 | 21.5 | 9.3 | 11.0 | 8.7 max | 10.1 | 18.8 | 4.3 | 9.9 | 3.7 | 21.8 | 9.4 | 11.0 | 8.7 min | 9.3 | 18.0 | 4.3 | 9.8 | 3.7 | 21.1 | 9.2 | 11.0 | 8.6 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ | | vicinity of Lawrence, Kansas. | 10 mean | 9.2 | 18.8 | 4.4 | 9.8 | 3.4 | 21.6 | 9.7 | 10.9 | 9.0 max | 9.5 | 19.4 | 4.8 | 10.2 | 3.6 | 22.4 | 10.1 | 11.6 | 9.4 min | 8.9 | 18.1 | 4.0 | 9.3 | 3.3 | 21.0 | 9.0 | 10.3 | 8.8 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ | | 2 mi. S Schuyler, Nebraska. | 1 | 9.2 | 18.5 | 4.4 | 9.5 | 3.3 | 21.5 | 9.6 | 10.4 | 9.1 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ | | _Zapus hudsonius pallidus_, | Valentine National Wildlife Refuge, Nebraska. | 1 | 10.0 | 19.6 | 4.5 | 10.5 | 3.5 | 22.9 | 10.0 | 11.6 | 9.3 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ | | _Zapus hudsonius preblei_, Loveland, Colorado. | 2 mean | 9.6 | 18.5 | 4.1 | 10.0 | 3.6 | 22.3 | 9.6 | 10.4 | 9.1 max | 9.6 | 19.0 | 4.2 | 10.0 | 3.6 | 22.4 | 9.8 | 10.6 | 9.1 min | 9.5 | 18.0 | 3.9 | 10.0 | 3.6 | 22.2 | 9.4 | 10.2 | 9.1 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ | | Spring Hill, 12 mi. N Laramie Peak, 6300 ft., Wyoming. | 1 | 9.8 | 19.2 | 4.1 | 10.2 | 3.6 | 22.8 | 10.2 | 10.7 | 9.3 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ | | _Zapus hudsonius tenellus_, | Hazelton, 959 ft., British Columbia. | 2 mean | 9.6 | 19.4 | 4.4 | 10.1 | 3.5 | 22.9 | 9.6 | 10.9 | 9.2 max | 9.6 | 19.5 | 4.4 | 10.2 | 3.5 | 23.0 | 9.6 | 10.9 | 9.2 min | 9.6 | 19.3 | 4.3 | 10.0 | 3.4 | 22.7 | 9.6 | 10.8 | 9.2 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ | | Cottonwood P. O., British Columbia. | 2 mean | 9.5 | 19.5 | 4.4 | 10.1 | 3.5 | 22.8 | 9.7 | 10.8 | 9.2 max | 9.6 | 19.6 | 4.5 | 10.2 | 3.5 | 22.8 | 9.8 | 10.9 | 9.3 min | 9.3 | 19.4 | 4.2 | 10.0 | 3.4 | 22.7 | 9.6 | 10.7 | 9.1 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ | | S end Swan Lake, British Columbia. | 2 mean | 9.4 | 19.7 | 4.1 | 10.0 | 3.6 | 22.9 | 10.1 | 10.9 | 9.5 max | 9.4 | 19.7 | 4.2 | 10.2 | 3.6 | 23.2 | 10.2 | 10.9 | 9.6 min | 9.3 | 19.6 | 4.0 | 9.8 | 3.5 | 22.6 | 10.0 | 10.8 | 9.4 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ | | Indianpoint Lake, 15 mi. NE Barkerville, British Columbia. | 4 mean | 9.6 | 18.9 | 4.1 | 9.9 | 3.4 | 21.9 | 9.5 | 10.8 | 9.0 max | 9.6 | 19.6 | 4.2 | 10.0 | 3.6 | 23.0 | 9.8 | 11.3 | 9.4 min | 9.4 | 18.3 | 4.0 | 9.8 | 3.3 | 21.3 | 9.1 | 10.2 | 8.8 --------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------

LITERATURE CITED

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1894. Cranial variation in _Neotoma micropus_ due to growth and individual differentiation. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 6:233-246, 1 pl., August 3, 1894.

ANDERSON, R. M.

1932. Five new mammals from British Columbia. Ann. Rept. 1931, Nat. Mus. Canada: 99-119, 1 pl., November 24, 1932. 1942. Six additions to the list of Quebec mammals with descriptions of four new forms. Ann. Rept. Prov. Soc. Nat. Hist. for 1941:31-42, July 14, 1942.

AXELROD, D. I.

1948. Climate and evolution in western North America during Middle Pliocene time. Evol., 2:127-144, July 2, 1948.

BAILEY, B.

1929. Mammals of Sherburne County, Minnesota. Jour. Mamm., 10:153-164, May 9, 1929.

BAILEY, J. W.

1946. The mammals of Virginia. Williams Printing Company, Richmond, Virginia, xii + 416 pp., 96 figs. in text, December, 1946.

BAILEY, V.

1923. Mammals of the District of Columbia. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 36:103-138, May 1, 1923. 1927. A biological survey of North Dakota. N. Amer. Fauna, 49:vi + 226 pp., 1 map, 21 pls., 8 figs. in text, January 8, 1927. 1932. Mammals of New Mexico. N. Amer. Fauna, 53:1-412, 22 pls., 58 figs. in text, March 1, 1932. 1936. The mammals and life zones of Oregon. N. Amer. Fauna, 55:1-416, 1 map, 52 pls., 102 figs. in text, August 29, 1936.

BATCHELDER, C. F.

1899. Some unrecognized jumping mice of the genus _Zapus_. Proc. New England Zool. Club, 1:3-7, February 8, 1899.

BLAIR, F. W.

1940. Home ranges and populations of the jumping mouse. Amer. Midland Nat., 23:244-250, 1 table, January, 1940.

BOLE, B. P., JR., and MOULTHROP, P. N.

1942. The Ohio Recent mammal collection in the Cleveland Museum of Natural History. Scientific Publs., Cleveland Mus. Nat. Hist., 5:83-181, September 11, 1942.

BORELL, A., and ELLIS, R.

1934. Mammals of the Ruby Mountains region of northeastern Nevada. Jour. Mamm., 15:12-44, 6 pls., 1 fig. in text, 4 tables, February 15, 1934.

BRIMLEY, C. S.

1923. Breeding dates of small mammals at Raleigh, North Carolina. Jour. Mamm., 4:263-264, November 1, 1923.

CARL, G. C., GUIGUET, C. J., and HARDY, G. A.

1952. A natural history survey of the Manning Park area British Columbia. Occ. Papers British Columbia Prov. Mus., 9:1-130, 22 figs. in text, July, 1952.

CHRISTIAN, J. J.

1936. Mammals caught in post holes. Jour. Mamm., 17:416, November 16, 1936.

COCKRUM, E. L., and BAKER, R. H.

1950. A new jumping mouse (genusi _Zapus_) from Kansas. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 63:1-4, 1 fig. in text, April 26, 1950.

COLEMAN, R. H.

1941. _Zapus hudsonius americanus_ in South Carolina. Jour. Mamm., 22:91, February 14, 1941.

COPE, E. D.

1871. Preliminary report on the Vertebrata discovered in the Port Kennedy Bone Cave. Proc. American Philos. Soc., 12:73-102, 20 figs., April 7, 1871.

CORY, C. B.

1912. The mammals of Illinois and Wisconsin. Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ. 153, zool. ser., 11:1-505, many unnumbered pls., figs. and maps in text, 1912.

CROWE, P. E.

1943. Notes on some mammals of the southern Canadian Rocky Mountains. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 80:391-410, 4 pls., 1 fig. in text, February 4, 1943.

DALQUEST, W. W.

1948. Mammals of Washington. Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 2:1-444, 140 figs. in text, April 9, 1948.

DAVIS, W. B.

1939. The Recent mammals of Idaho. The Caxton Printers, Caldwell, Idaho, 444 pp., 2 full page half tones, 33 figs. in text, April 5, 1939.

DEARBORN, N.

1932. Foods of some predatory fur-bearing animals of Michigan. Univ. Michigan School of Forestry and Conservation, Bull. 1:1-52, 8 figs., 22 charts, 10 maps, 1932.

DICE, L. R.

1932. Mammals collected by F. M. Gaige in 1919 at Lake Cushman and vicinity, Olympic Peninsula, Washington. Murrelet, 13:47-49, May, 1932.

DURRANT, S. D.

1952. Mammals of Utah, taxonomy and distribution. Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 6, 1-549, 91 figs. in text, 30 tables, August 10, 1952.

EADIE, R. W.

1949. Hibernating meadow jumping mouse. Jour. Mamm., 30:307-308, August 17, 1949.

EDSON, J. M.

1932. Hibernation of the northwest jumping mouse. Murrelet, 13:55-56, May, 1932.

ELLERMAN, J. R.

1940. The families and genera of living Rodents. British Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Vol. 1, pp. xxvi + 689, 189 figs., June 8, 1940.

ELLIOT, D. G.

1898. Lists of species of mammals principally rodents obtained by W. W. Price, Dr. S. E. Meek, G. R. Cherrie, and E. S. Thompson in the states of Iowa, Wyoming, Montana, Idaho, Nevada, and California with descriptions of new species. Field Columbian Mus. Publ. 27, zool. ser. 1:193-221, March, 1898.

1899. Catalogue of mammals from the Olympic Mountains, Washington with descriptions of new species. Field Columbian Mus. Publ. 32, zool. ser., 1:241-276, 21 pls., 13 unnumbered figs. in text, March, 1899.

ERICKSON, A. B.

1938. Parasites of some Minnesota rodents. Jour. Mamm., 19:252-253, May 12, 1938.

FLAHAUT, M. R.

1939. Unusual location of hibernating jumping mice. Murrelet, 20:17-18, 1 unnumbered pl., April 30, 1939.

GIDLEY, I. W., and GAZIN, C. L.

1938. The Pleistocene vertebrate fauna from Cumberland Cave, Maryland. U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull., 171:1-93, 50 figs., 25 tables, January 25, 1938.

GOODWIN, G. G.

1924. Mammals of the Gaspé Peninsula, Quebec. Jour. Mamm., 5:246-257, 2 pls., November 15, 1924.

1935. The mammals of Connecticut. Bull. Connecticut State Geol. and Nat. Hist. Surv., 53:1-221, 33 pls., 19 figs. in text, 1935.

GRINNELL, J., DIXON, J., and LINSDALE, J. M.

1930. Vertebrate natural history of a section of northern California through the Lassen Peak Region. Univ. California Publ. Zool., 35:v + 594, 181 figs. in text, October 10, 1930.

1937. Fur-bearing mammals of California.... Univ. California Press, 2 vols., xii + 375, pls. 1-7, figs. 1-138, xiv + 377-777, pls. 8-13, figs. 139-345, July 22, 1937.

GRIZZELL, R. A., JR.

1949. Hibernating jumping mice in woodchuck dens. Jour. Mamm., 30:74-75, February 14, 1949.

HALL, E. R.

1930. Rodents and lagomorphs from the Later Tertiary of Fish Lake Valley, Nevada. Univ. California Publ. Bull. Dept. Geol. Sci., 19:295-312, 1 pl., 29 figs. in text, November 25, 1930.

1931. Critical comments on mammals from Utah with descriptions of new forms from Utah, Nevada and Washington. Univ. California Publ. Zool., 37:1-13, April 10, 1931.

1934. Mammals collected by T. T. and E. B. McCabe in the Bowron Lake Region of British Columbia. Univ. California Publ. Zool., 40:363-386, 1 fig. in text, November 5, 1934.

1946. Mammals of Nevada. Univ. California Press, Berkeley, xi + 710, colored frontispiece, 11 pls., 485 figs. in text, plus unnumbered silhouettes and maps, July 1, 1946.

HALL, E. R., and DAVIS, W. B.

1934. Notes on Arizona rodents. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 47:51-56, 1 fig. in text, February 9, 1934.

HAMILTON, W. J.

1935. Habits of jumping mice. Amer. Midland Nat., 16:187-200, 1 pl., 2 figs. in text, 1935.

HANDLEY, C. O., JR., and PATTON, C. P.

1947. Wild mammals of Virginia. Commonwealth of Virginia, Comm. Game and Inland Fisheries, Richmond, vi + 220 pp., frontispiece, 103 figs. in text, 1947.

HARPER, F.

1932. Mammals of the Athabaska and Great Slave lakes region. Jour. Mamm., 13:19-36, 3 pls., February 9, 1932.

HAUSMAN, L. A.

1920. Structural characteristics of the hair of mammals. Amer. Nat., 54:496-523, 7 pls., November-December, 1920.

HIBBARD, C. W.

1941. The Borchers Fauna a new Pleistocene interglacial fauna from Meade County, Kansas. Univ. Kansas Publ. State Geol. Surv. Kansas, Bull., 38:197-220, 2 pls., July 14, 1941.

1951. A new jumping mouse from the Upper Pliocene of Kansas. Jour. Mamm., 32:351-352, 1 fig. in text, August 23, 1951.

HOFFMEISTER, D. F.

1951. A taxonomic and evolutionary study of the piñon mouse, _Peromyscus truei._ Illinois Biol. Monog., 21:ix + 104 pp., 5 pls., 24 figs. in text, 7 tables, November 12, 1951.

HOLLISTER, N.

1912. Mammals of the Alpine Club expedition to the Mount Robson Region. Alpine Club of Canada, Spec. No.:1-44, 13 pls. in text, 1912.

HOOPER, E. T.

1944. San Francisco Bay as a factor influencing speciation in rodents. Univ. Michigan, Mus. Zool., Miscl. Publ., 59:1-89, 5 pls., 18 maps, January 12, 1944.

1952. A systematic review of the harvest mice (genus _Reithrodontomys_) of Latin America. Miscl Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, 77:1-255, 9 pls., 24 figs. in text, 7 tables, 12 maps, January 16, 1952.

HOWELL, A. B.

1920. A study of the California jumping mice of the genus Zapus. Univ. California Publ. Zool., 21:225-238, 1 fig. in text, May 20, 1920.

IVOR, H. R.

1934. Notes on the rearing of captive young meadow jumping mice. Canadian Field-Nat., 48:8-10, January 15, 1934.

KELLOGG, L.

1916. Report upon mammals and birds found in portions of Trinity, Siskiyou and Shasta counties, California. Univ. California Publ. Zool., 12:335-398, 4 pls., 1 fig., January 27, 1916.

LINSDALE, J. M.

1938. Environmental responses of vertebrates in the Great Basin. Amer. Midland Nat., 19:1-206, 12 figs. in text, January, 1938.

LYON, M. W., JR.

1938. Mammals of Indiana. Amer. Midland Nat., 17:1-384, 125 figs. in text, 85 maps, January, 1936.

MATTHEW, W. D.

1915. Climate and evolution. New York Acad. Sci., 24:171-318, 33 figs., 17 tables, February 18, 1915.

MAYR, E.

1942. Systematics and the origin of species from the viewpoint of a. zoologist Columbia Univ. Press, New York, xiv + 334 pp., 29 figs., 1942.

MERRIAM, C. H.

1897a. Three new jumping mice (_Zapus_) from the Northwest. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 11:103-104, April 26, 1897.

1897b. Mammals of Mount Mazama, Oregon. Mazama, 1:204-230, 10 pls., 1 map, October, 1897.

MILLER, G. S., JR.

1899. Preliminary list of New York mammals. Bull. New York State Mus., 6:273-390, November 18, 1899.

1911. A new jumping mouse from New Mexico. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 24:253-254, December 23, 1911.

MOOJEN, J.

1948. Speciation in the Brazilian spiny rats (genus _Proechimys_, family Echimyidae). Univ. Kansas Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1:301-406, 140 figs. in text, 1 table, December 10, 1948.

MOORE, A. W.

1928. _Zapus princeps princeps_ in Utah. Jour. Mamm., 9:154-155, May 9, 1928.

NICHOLSON, A. J.

1937. A hibernating jumping mouse. Jour. Mamm., 18:103, February 11, 1937.

PEARSON, O. P., and PEARSON, A. K.

1947. Owl predation in Pennsylvania, with notes on the small mammals of Delaware County. Jour. Mamm., 28:137-147, 1 fig., 3 tables, June 1, 1947.

PETRIDES, G. A.

1948. The jumping mouse in Georgia. Jour. Mamm., 29:75-76, February 13, 1948.

PREBLE, E. A.

1899. Revision of the jumping mice of the genus _Zapus_. N. Amer. Fauna, 15:1-42, 1 pl., 4 figs. in text, August 8, 1899.

PREBLE, N. A.

1944. A swimming jumping mouse. Jour. Mamm., 25:200-201, May 26, 1944.

QUIMBY, D. C.

1951. The life history and ecology of the jumping mouse, _Zapus hudsonius_. Ecol. Monog., 21:61-95, 14 figs. in text, 7 tables, January, 1951.

RIDGWAY, R.

1912. Color standards and color nomenclature. Washington, D. C., privately printed, iv + 44 pp., 53 pls., 1912.

SCHMIDT, F. J. W.

1931. Mammals of western Clark County, Wisconsin. Jour. Mamm., 12:99-117, 1 map, May 14, 1931.

SCHWARTZ, C. W.

1951. A new record of _Zapus hudsonius_ in Missouri and notes on its hibernation. Jour. Mamm., 32:227-228, May 21, 1951.

SHELDON, C.

1934. Studies of the life histories of _Zapus_ and _Napaeozapus_ in Nova Scotia. Jour. Mamm., 15:290-300, November 15, 1934.

1938. Vermont jumping mice of the genus _Zapus._ Jour. Mamm., 19:324-332, 4 figs. in text, August 18, 1938.

SIMPSON, G. G.

1947. Holarctic mammalian faunas and continental relationships during the Cenozoic. Bull. Geol. Soc. America, 58:613-688, 6 figs. in text, 9 tables, July, 1947.

SMITH, C. F., and HOPKINS, C. L.

1937. Notes on the barn owls of the San Francisco Bay Region. Condor, 39:189-191, September 15, 1937.

STANFORD, J. S.

1931. Notes on small mammals of Utah. Jour. Mamm., 12:356-363, November 11, 1931.

STEHLIN, H. G., and SCHAUB, S.

1951. Die Trigondontie der simplicidentaten Nager. Schweizerischen Paleont. Abhandl., Basel, 67:1-385, 620 text figuren.

STONER, D.

1918. The rodents of Iowa. Iowa Geol. Surv., Bull., 5:1-172, 37 figs. in text, 1918.

SURFACE, H. A.

1906. The serpents of Pennsylvania. Monthly Bull. Div. Zool., Pennsylvania State Dept. Agric., 4:113-208, pls. 15-42, 23 figs. in text, August and September, 1906.

SVIHLA, A., and SVIHLA, R. D.

1933. Notes on the jumping mouse _Zapus trinotatus trinotatus_ Rhoads. Jour. Mamm., 14:131-134, May 15, 1933.

SVIHLA, R. D.

1931. Mammals of the Uinta Mountain Region. Jour. Mamm., 12:256-266, 1 pl., 1 fig. in text, August 24, 1931.

TAYLOR, W. P.

1911. Mammals of the Alexander Nevada Expedition of 1909. Univ. California Publ. Zool., 7:205-307, 2 figs. in text, June 24, 1911.

1922. A distributional and ecological study of Mount Rainier, Washington. Ecol., 3:213-236, 4 figs. in text, July, 1922.

TEST, F. H., and TEST, A.

1943. Incidence of dipteran parasitosis in populations of small mammals. Jour. Mamm., 24:506-508, November 20, 1943.

TOWNSEND, M. T.

1935. Studies on some of the small mammals of central New York. Roosevelt Wildlife Annals, 4(No. 1):1-120, 8 pls., 22 figs. in text, 35 tables, 4 maps, December, 1935.

VERGEER, T.

1948. Frog catches mouse in natural environment. Turtox News, 26:91, March, 1948.

VINOGRADOV, B. S.

1925. On the structure of the external genitalia in Dipodidae and Zapodidae (Rodentia) as a classificatory character. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, Part 1:577-585, 6 pls., 1925.

WHITLOW, W. B., and HALL, E. R.

1933. Mammals of the Pocatello Region of southeastern Idaho. Univ. California Publ. Zool., 40:235-276, 3 figs. in text, September 30, 1933.

WILLIAMS, C. S.

1938. Aids to the identification of mole and shrew hairs with general comments on hair structure and hair determination. Jour. Wildl. Mgt., 2:239-250, 1 pl., 9 figs. in text, October, 1943.

WILSON, R. W.

1936. A Pliocene rodent fauna from Smiths Valley, Nevada. Carnegie Inst. Publ., 473:15-34, 2 pls., May 21, 1936.

1937. Pliocene rodents of western North America. Carnegie Inst. Publ., 487:21-73, 2 figs. in text, July 23, 1937.

_Transmitted October 9, 1953._

UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS, MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY

Institutional libraries interested in publications exchange may obtain this series by addressing the Exchange Librarian, University of Kansas Library, Lawrence, Kansas. Copies for individuals, persons working in a particular field of study, may be obtained by addressing instead the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas. There is no provision for sale or this series by the University Library which meets institutional requests, or by the Museum of Natural History which meets the requests of individuals. However, when individuals request copies from the Museum, 25 cents should be included, for each separate number that is 100 pages or more in length, for the purpose of defraying the costs of wrapping and mailing.

* An asterisk designates those numbers of which the Museum's supply (not the Library's supply) is exhausted. Numbers published to date, in this series, are as follows:

Vol. 1. 1. The pocket gophers (Genus Thomomys) of Utah. By Stephen D. Durrant. Pp. 1-82, 1 figure in text. August 15, 1946.

2. The systematic status of Eumeces pluvialis Cope, and noteworthy records of other amphibians and reptiles from Kansas and Oklahoma. By Hobart M. Smith. Pp. 85-89. August 15, 1946.

3. The tadpoles of Bufo cognatus Say. By Hobart M. Smith. Pp. 93-96, 1 figure in text. August 15, 1946.

4. Hybridization between two species of garter snakes. By Hobart M. Smith. Pp. 97-100. August 15, 1946.

5. Selected records of reptiles and amphibians from Kansas. By John Breukelman and Hobart M. Smith. Pp. 101-112. August 15, 1946.

6. Kyphosis and other variations in soft-shelled turtles. By Hobart M. Smith. Pp. 117-124, 3 figures in text. July 7, 1947.

7. Natural history of the prairie vole (Mammalian Genus Microtus). By E. W. Jameson, Jr. Pp. 125-151, 4 figures in text. October 6, 1947.

8. The postnatal development of two broods of great horned owls (Bubo virginianus). By Donald F. Hoffmeister and Henry W. Setzer. Pp. 157-173, 5 figures in text. October 6, 1947.

9. Additions to the list of the birds of Louisiana. By George H. Lowery, Jr. Pp. 177-192. November 7, 1947.

10. A check-list of the birds of Idaho. By M. Dale Arvey. Pp. 193-216. November 29, 1947.

11. Subspeciation in pocket gophers of Kansas. By Bernardo Villa-R. and E. Raymond Hall. Pp. 217-236, 2 figures in text. November 29, 1947.

12. A new bat (Genus Myotis) from Mexico. By Walter W. Dalquest and E. Raymond Hall. Pp. 237-244, 6 figures in text. December 10, 1947.

13. Tadarida femorosacca (Merriam) in Tamaulipas, Mexico. By Walter W. Dalquest and E. Raymond Hall. Pp. 245-248, 1 figure in text. December 10, 1947.

14. A new pocket gopher (Thomomys) and a new spiny pocket mouse (Liomys) from Michoacán, Mexico. By E. Raymond Hall and Bernardo Villa-R. Pp. 249-256, 6 figures in text. July 26, 1948.

15. A new hylid frog from eastern Mexico. By Edward H. Taylor. Pp. 257-264, 1 figure in text. August 16, 1948.

16. A new extinct emydid turtle from the Lower Pliocene of Oklahoma. By Edwin C. Galbreath. Pp. 265-280, 1 plate. August 16, 1948.

17. Pliocene and Pleistocene records of fossil turtles from western Kansas and Oklahoma. By Edwin C. Galbreath. Pp. 281-284. August 16, 1948.

18. A new species of heteromyid rodent from the Middle Oligocene of northeastern Colorado with remarks on the skull. By Edwin C. Galbreath. Pp. 285-300, 2 plates. August 16, 1948.

19. Speciation in the Brazilian spiny rats (Genus Proechimys,. Family Echimyidae) By João Moojen. Pp. 301-406, 140 figures in text. December 10, 1948.

20. Three new beavers from Utah. By Stephen D. Durrant and Harold S. Crane. Pp. 407-417, 7 figures in text. December 24, 1948.

21. Two new meadow mice from Michoacán, Mexico. By E. Raymond Hall. Pp. 423-427, 6 figures in text. December 24, 1948.

22. An annotated check list of the mammals of Michoacán, Mexico. By E. Raymond Hall and Bernardo Villa-R. Pp. 431-472, 2 plates, 1 figure in text. December 27, 1949.

23. Subspeciation in the kangaroo rat, Dipodomys ordii. By Henry W. Setzer. Pp. 473-573, 27 figures in text, 7 tables. December 27, 1949.

24. Geographic range of the hooded skunk, Mephitis macroura, of a new subspecies from Mexico. By E. Raymond Hall and Walter W. Dalquest. Pp. 575-580, 1 figure in text. January 20, 1950.

25. Pipistrellus cinnamomeus Miller 1902 referred to the Genus Myotis. By E. Raymond Hall and Walter W. Dalquest. Pp. 581-590, 5 figures in text. January 20, 1950.

26. A synopsis of the American bats of the Genus Pipistrellus. By E. Raymond Hall and Walter W. Dalquest. Pp. 591-602, 1 figure in text. January 20, 1950.

Index. Pp. 605-638.

*Vol. 2. (Complete) Mammals of Washington. By Walter W. Dalquest. Pp. 1-444, 140 figures in text. April 9, 1948.

Vol. 3. *1. The avifauna of Micronesia, its origin, evolution, and distribution. By Rollin H. Baker. Pp. 1-359, 16 figures in text. June 12, 1951.

*2. A quantitative study of the nocturnal migration of birds. By George H. Lowery, Jr. Pp. 361-472, 47 figures in text. June 29, 1951.

3. Phylogeny of the waxwings and allied birds. By M. Dale Arvey. Pp. 473-530, 49 figures in text, 13 tables. October 10, 1951.

4. Birds from the state of Veracruz, Mexico. By George H. Lowery, Jr. and Walter W. Dalquest. Pp. 531-649, 7 figures in text, 2 tables. October 10, 1951.

Index. Pp. 651-681.

*Vol. 4. (Complete) American weasels. By E. Raymond Hall. Pp. 1-466, 41 plates, 31 figures in text. December 27, 1951.

Vol. 5. 1. Preliminary survey of a Paleocene faunule from the Angels Peak area, New Mexico. By Robert W. Wilson. Pp. 1-11, 1 figure in text. February 24, 1951.

2. Two new moles (Genus Scalopus) from Mexico and Texas. By Rollin H. Baker. Pp. 17-24. February 28, 1951.

3. Two new pocket gophers from Wyoming and Colorado. By E. Raymond Hall and H. Gordon Montague. Pp. 25-32. February 28, 1951.

4. Mammals obtained by Dr. Curt von Wedel from the barrier beach of Tamaulipas, Mexico. By E. Raymond Hall. Pp. 33-47, 1 figure in text. October 1, 1951.

5. Comments on the taxonomy and geographic distribution of some North American rabbits. By E. Raymond Hall and Keith R. Kelson. Pp. 49-58. October 1, 1951.

6. Two new subspecies of Thomomys bottae from New Mexico and Colorado. By Keith R. Kelson. Pp. 59-71, 1 figure in text. October 1, 1951.

7. A new subspecies of Microtus montanus from Montana and comments on Microtus canicaudus Miller. By E. Raymond Hall and Keith R. Kelson. Pp. 73-79. October 1, 1951.

8. A new pocket gopher (Genus Thomomys) from eastern Colorado. By E. Raymond Hall. Pp. 81-85. October 1, 1951.

9. Mammals taken along the Alaskan Highway. By Rollin H. Baker. Pp. 87-117, 1 figure in text. November 28, 1951.

*10. A synopsis of the North American Lagomorpha. By E. Raymond Hall. Pp. 119-202, 68 figures in text. December 15, 1951.

11. A new pocket mouse (Genus Perognathus) from Kansas. By E. Lendell Cockrum. Pp. 203-206. December 15, 1951.

12. Mammals from Tamaulipas, Mexico. By Rollin H. Baker. Pp. 207-218. December 15, 1951.

13. A new pocket gopher (Genus Thomomys) from Wyoming and Colorado. By E. Raymond Hall. Pp. 219-222. December 15, 1951.

14. A new name for the Mexican red bat. By E. Raymond Hall. Pp. 223-226. December 15, 1951.

15. Taxonomic notes on Mexican bats of the Genus Rhogeëssa. By E. Raymond Hall. Pp. 227-232. April 10, 1952.

16. Comments on the taxonomy and geographic distribution of some North American woodrats (Genus Neotoma). By Keith R. Kelson. Pp. 233-242. April 10, 1952.

17. The subspecies of the Mexican red-bellied squirrel, Sciurus aureogaster. By Keith R. Kelson. Pp. 243-250, 1 figure in text. April 10, 1952.

18. Geographic range of Peromyscus melanophrys, with description of new subspecies. By Rollin H. Baker. Pp. 251-258, 1 figure in text. May 10, 1952.

19. A new chipmunk (Genus Eutamias) from the Black Hills. By John A. White. Pp. 259-262. April 10, 1952.

20. A new piñon mouse (Peromyscus truei) from Durango, Mexico. By Robert B. Finley, Jr. Pp. 263-267. May 23, 1952.

21. An annotated check-list of Nebraskan bats. By Olin L. Webb and J. Knox Jones, Jr. Pp. 269-279. May 31, 1952.

22. Geographic variation in red-backed mice (Genus Clethrionomys) of the southern Rocky Mountain region. By E. Lendell Cockrum and Kenneth L. Fitch. Pp. 281-292, 1 figure in text. November 15, 1952.

23. Comments on the taxonomy and geographic distribution of North American microtines. By E. Raymond Hall and E. Lendell Cockrum. Pp. 293-312. November 17, 1952.

24. The subspecific status of two Central American sloths. By E. Raymond Hall and Keith R. Kelson. Pp. 313-337. November 21, 1952.

25. Comments on the taxonomy and geographic distribution of some North American marsupials, insectivores, and carnivores. By E. Raymond Hall and Keith R. Kelson. Pp. 319-341. December 5, 1952.

26. Comments on the taxonomy and geographic distribution of some North American rodents. By E. Raymond Hall and Keith R. Kelson. Pp. 343-371. December 15, 1952.

27. A synopsis of the North American microtine rodents. By E. Raymond Hall and E. Lendell Cockrum. Pp. 373-498, 149 figures in text. January 15, 1953.

28. The pocket gophers (Genus Thomomys) of Coahuila, Mexico. By Rollin H. Baker. Pp. 499-514, 1 figure in text. June 1, 1953.

29. Geographic distribution of the pocket mouse, Perognathus fasciatus. By J. Knox Jones, Jr. Pp. 515-526, 7 figures in text. August 1, 1953.

30. A new subspecies of wood rat (Neotoma mexicana) from Colorado. By Robert B. Finley, Jr. Pp. 527-534, 2 figures in text. August 15, 1953.

31. Four new pocket gophers of the genus Cratogeomys from Jalisco, Mexico. By Robert J. Russell. Pp. 535-542. October 15, 1953.

32. Genera and subgenera of chipmunks. By John A. White. Pp. 543-561, 12 figures in text. December 1, 1953.

33. Taxonomy of the chipmunks, Eutamias quadrivittatus and Eutamias umbrinus By John A. White. Pp. 563-582, 6 figures in text. December 1, 1953.

34. Geographic distribution and taxonomy of the chipmunks of Wyoming. By John A. White. Pp. 584-610, 3 figures in text. December 1, 1953.

35. The baculum of the chipmunks of western North America. By John A. White. Pp. 611-631, 19 figures in text. December 1, 1953.

36. Pleistocene Soricidae from San Josecito Cave, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. By James S. Findley. Pp. 633-639. December 1, 1953.

37. Seventeen species of bats recorded from Barro Colorado Island, Panama Canal Zone. By E. Raymond Hall and William B. Jackson. Pp. 641-646. December 1, 1953.

Index. Pp. 647-676.

*Vol. 6. (Complete) Mammals of Utah, _taxonomy and distribution._ By Stephen D. Durrant. Pp. 1-549, 91 figures in text, 30 tables. August 10, 1952.

Vol. 7. *1. Mammals of Kansas. By E. Lendell Cockrum. Pp. 1-303, 73 figures in text, 37 tables. August 25, 1952.

2. Ecology of the opossum on a natural area in northeastern Kansas. By Henry S. Fitch and Lewis L. Sandidge. Pp. 305-338, 5 figures in text. August 24, 1953.

3. The silky pocket mice (Perognathus flavus) of Mexico. By Rollin H. Baker. Pp. 339-347, 1 figure in text. February 15, 1954.

4. North American jumping mice (Genus Zapus). By Philip H. Krutzsch. Pp. 349-472, 47 figures in text, 4 tables. April 21, 1954.

More numbers will appear in Volume 7.

* * * * *

Transcriber's Notes

All obvious typos corrected. In Table 5 on the Swan Lake row, the Mean value for the Palatal length was corrected to 10.1 mm as there were only two values averaged (10.0 and 10.2). Abbreviation inconsistencies for mountain(s) were retained. Where a publication name contains an alternate spelling of a word, it was retained (example, Athabaska). The author Bernardo Villa-Ramirez is sometimes listed with the hyphen and sometimes without. For consistancy, they were standardized with a hyphen.

Typographical Corrections

Page(s) Correction ========= ====================== 380 dention => dentition 412, 414 Eldorado => El Dorado 417 Sitkine River, at Glenoria => Stikine River, at Glenora