Part 1

NOOKS AND CORNERS OF SHROPSHIRE

Nooks and Corners of Shropshire.

BY H. THORNHILL TIMMINS, F.R.G.S.,

AUTHOR OF 'NOOKS AND CORNERS OF HEREFORDSHIRE,' 'NOOKS AND CORNERS OF PEMBROKESHIRE.'

_WITH MAP AND NUMEROUS ILLUSTRATIONS_ _BY THE AUTHOR._

LONDON: ELLIOT STOCK, 62, PATERNOSTER ROW, E.C. 1899.

PREFACE

My work completed, I may be permitted to add a few words by way of envoi.

'Nooks and Corners' is the outcome of many prolonged sketching rambles in Shropshire, where, as I roamed about the County, in search of subjects for pen and pencil, I succeeded in gleaning a good deal of original information anent the places I visited; and I was greeted by all sorts and conditions of Salopians with that hospitality for which they are proverbial, and which has left me their grateful debtor.

Though the more important places here illustrated are probably familiar to many of my readers, there are certain scenes and objects in the course of this work which have never been pictured or described before, and which will, I trust, prove of interest to Salopians. Amidst such an embarras de richesses, I have of necessity been obliged to pick and choose the subjects dealt with; for in matter antiquarian the locality is well-nigh inexhaustible.

But if the gentle reader, in perusing the following pages, should share in some degree my own pleasure and interest in compiling them, I shall have the satisfaction of feeling that I have not rambled in vain amidst the Nooks and Corners of Shropshire.

H. THORNHILL TIMMINS. HARROW, _November_, 1899.

CONTENTS

PAGE A GENERAL SURVEY. THE TOWN OF SHREWSBURY 1 FROM SHREWSBURY TO PITCHFORD, ACTON BURNELL, AND CHURCH STRETTON 21 STRETTON DALE AND THE LONGMYND. A VISIT TO STOKESAY CASTLE 42 FROM CRAVEN ARMS TO BISHOP'S CASTLE AND CLUN 60 ROUND ABOUT CLUN FOREST. TO KNIGHTON AND LUDLOW 79 ROUND ABOUT LUDLOW 94 THE CLEE HILLS, CORVE DALE, AND WENLOCK EDGE 108 WENLOCK, WROXETER, AND THE WREKIN 135 TO LILLESHALL ABBEY, TONG, AND BOSCOBEL 153 ROUND ABOUT BRIDGNORTH 171 BETWEEN SEVERN AND CLEE 194 WESTWARD HO! TOWARDS THE WELSH BORDER 214

INDEX TO ILLUSTRATIONS

BUTCHER ROW, SHREWSBURY _Frontispiece_ SHREWSBURY SCHOOL 5 OLD COUNCIL HOUSE, SHREWSBURY 7 REMAINS OF BENNETT'S HALL 11 A BYEWAY IN OLD SHREWSBURY 12 OLD MARKET HOUSE, SHREWSBURY 14 OLD HOUSES IN WYLE COP 15 ANCIENT PULPIT AT SHREWSBURY 17 OLD WINDMILL AT LYTH HILL 20 STAPLETON CHURCH 22 CONDOVER HALL 23 THE HOUSE IN THE TREE, PITCHFORD 25 PITCHFORD HALL 26 ACTON BURNELL 28 NICHOLAS DE BURNELL 29 KENLEY CHURCH 31 LANGLEY 33 FRODESLEY LODGE 34 OLD BRIDGE ON 'DEVIL'S CAUSEWAY' 35 PANEL AT CHURCH PREEN 36 PLASH 37 CARDINGTON 38 LEIGHTONS OF PLASHE 39 CHALICE AT HOPE BOWDLER 40 SIR RALPH DE PITCHFORD 41 CHURCH STRETTON 42 CHURCH STRETTON CHURCH 43 ADAM AND EVE 44 CHURCH STRETTON AND THE LONGMYND 45 WOOLSTASTON CHURCH AND RECTORY 46 FONT AT WOOLSTASTON 47 ACTON SCOTT HALL 50 ALCESTON 51 HALFORD CHURCH AND MILL 52 STOKESAY CASTLE 53 THE GATE HOUSE, STOKESAY 54 STOKESAY CHURCH 57 CARVED PANEL AT STOKESAY 59 PLOWDEN HALL 61 LEA CASTLE 66 BISHOP'S CASTLE 68 BISHOP'S CASTLE 69 GARDE DOLOREUSE 73 OLD LYCH GATE AT CLUN 75 CLUN HOSPITAL 77 SEAL OF CLUN HOSPITAL 78 BETTWS-Y-CRWYN 82 CHALICE AT BETTWS-Y-CRWYN 83 THE CANTLIN CROSS 84 STOWE 86 STAIRCASE, HEATH HOUSE 89 HOPTON CASTLE 90 BRANKS AT LUDLOW 93 LUDLOW CASTLE 95 LUDLOW CASTLE AND CHURCH 95 PALMER'S GUILD, LUDLOW 103 FEATHERS HOTEL, LUDLOW 105 A 'MISERERE' AT LUDLOW 107 HAUNTED HOUSE, BITTERLEY 109 CROSS AT BITTERLEY 110 CROW LEASOW 111 STANTON LACY 113 DELBURY CHURCH 116 CHURCH-PORCH, MUNSLOW 118 TUGFORD CHURCH 120 THE HEATH CHAPEL 121 INTERIOR OF THE HEATH CHAPEL 121 UPPER MILLICHOPE 125 RUSHBURY 126 NORMAN DOORWAY, HOLGATE CHURCH 128 SHIPTON HALL 129 HOUR-GLASS, EASTHOPE CHURCH 132 HINGE AT STANTON LONG 134 CHAPTER-HOUSE, MUCH WENLOCK 137 MUCH WENLOCK 138 OLD INN-SIGN AT BROSELEY 140 BUILDWAS ABBEY 142 MADELEY COURT 144 THE LADY OAK, CRESSAGE 146 URICONIUM AND WROXETER 148 ATCHAM 150 THE SIGN OF THE RAVEN 152 LILLESHALL ABBEY 153 SHIFFNAL 155 SHIFFNAL CHURCH 156 TONG CASTLE 158 TONG CHURCH 158 WOOD-CARVING AT TONG 159 A TREASURE FROM TONG 160 SIR ARTHUR VERNON 161 HUBBAL GRANGE 162 BOSCOBEL HOUSE 163 BOSCOBEL 163 DAME PENDEREL 164 AT WHITELADIES 166 ALBRIGHTON 168 WELL-COVER AT PEPPERHILL 169 THE ROYAL OAK 170 BRIDGNORTH 171 ANCIENT HOUSE, BRIDGNORTH 172 MARKET-PLACE, BRIDGNORTH 174 MARKET-DAY AT BRIDGNORTH 175 COTTAGE IN THE ROCK, BRIDGNORTH 179 WORFIELD 180 LUDSTONE 182 CLAVERLEY 183 DUNVALL 187 TYMPANUM, ASTON EYRES 189 UPTON CRESSETT CHURCH 191 UPTON CRESSETT HALL 192 STOCKS AT STOCKTON 193 THE BUTTER CROSS, ALVELEY 197 ALVELEY CHURCH 198 KINLET HALL 200 KINLET CHURCH 201 CLEOBURY MORTIMER 205 DOWLES MANOR HOUSE 207 BURFORD 209 ANCIENT CROSS AT HIGHLEY 213 CHIMNEYPIECE, MOAT HALL 214 MITCHELL'S FOLD 217 VIRGIN AND CHILD, CHIRBURY 221 ANCIENT SUNDIAL AT MARRINGTON 223 MARCHE MANOR FARM 227 OLD THOMAS PARR 228 BRAGGINGTON HALL 229 ALBERBURY CHURCH 232 WATTLESBOROUGH CASTLE 234 THE SHELTON OAK 235 A MAIDEN GARLAND 237 SHREWSBURY SEAL 238 MAP OF SHROPSHIRE _At end_

NOOKS AND CORNERS OF SHROPSHIRE

'On this side whiche the Sonne doth warm with his declining beames, Severn and Teme in channell deepe doo run, too antient Streames; These make the neibor's pasture riche, these yeld of fruit greate store; And doo convey thro out the Shire commodities manie more. Here hilles doo lift their heades aloft, from whence sweete springes doo flow, Whose moistur good doth firtil make the vallies coucht belowe. Here goodly orchards planted are, in fruite which doo abounde; Thine ey wold make thine hart rejoyce to see such pleasant grounde.'

A GENERAL SURVEY. THE TOWN OF SHREWSBURY.

Southern Shropshire whose nooks and corners we are about to explore is a pleasant, fertile country, where breezy heather-clad hills alternate with cornfields, orchards and pastures, and rich umbrageous woodlands. Goodly rivers such as the Severn and the Teme, besides brooks, rivulets and trout-streams, enrich the meadows in the sunny vales, or wake the silence of the lonely hills where the curlew and the lapwing make their homes.

Situated upon the confines of England and Wales, this border district forms part of the March-lands which in olden times sundered the realm of England from the Principality, and hence one may enjoy within its comparatively moderate compass the diversified scenery peculiar to either country. As regards its physical features, therefore, Southern Shropshire presents in some sort an epitome or microcosm of England itself.

A glance at the map will show that the whole south-western corner of Shropshire is occupied by the wild hill-country known as Clun Forest; whence a succession of lofty ridges, such as the Stiperstones, the Longmynd, the Caradoc Hills and Wenlock Edge, ramificate towards the north, in shape not unlike the fingers of a hand, whereof the Clee Hills, lying a little apart to the eastward, may be taken as representing the thumb.

This hilly region is classic ground to the geologist. The extreme diversity of its rock structure early attracted the attention of students; and has been so thoroughly elucidated by Murchison, Ramsay, Salter, Lapworth, and other eminent scientists, that nowadays as the saying goes 'he who runs may read.'

The Severn is _the_ river par excellence of Shropshire. With its important affluent the Teme, this noble river, in its course of more than fifty miles through the county, receives the waters of the entire district. After parting company with the rugged hills of Wales, the Severn emerges upon the plains of Shropshire, and sweeps in a bold curve around the town of Shrewsbury. Thenceforth the ever-widening river glides onward in placid reaches past the time-honoured ruins of Roman Uriconium, and lingers beside lush green water meadows, where the ruddy kine stand knee-deep in the rippling shallows, and the salmon fisher drifts by in his coracle as he spreads his nets athwart stream.

Anon the Severn, changing its character, plunges along in eddying rapids beneath the limestone escarpments of Benthall and Wenlock Edge; then, taking a southerly trend, it skirts the groves and terraces of Apley Park, washes the walls of picturesque old Bridgnorth, and finally the big river takes leave of our county amidst the rough holts and heaths of that ancient woodland which goes by the name of Wyre Forest.

Owing to the lie of the land, the more important streams of Southern Shropshire flow, not into the Severn itself, but into its tributary the Teme. The northern Rea, the Cound and the Worf, it is true, find their way direct to the former river; but the waters of the Clun, the Onny, the Ledwych and the southern Rea, go to swell the tide of the Teme.

Dividing the county of Salop from its neighbour Herefordshire, the river Teme pursues a devious course through some of the most delightful scenery in all these broad March-lands. From its lonely source amidst the hills, away beyond the Welsh border, the infant Teme comes tumbling and prattling along beneath the rolling heights of Clun Forest, and, passing onwards to Ludlow, meanders beside the castle walls, and flows in a graceful arc around the rocky slopes of Whitcliff. Near Tenbury the Teme travels into Worcestershire, which it does not quit again until it merges its waters in those of the Severn.

With all these varied attractions, its picturesque rural landscapes, its old-world towns and villages fraught with memories of the past, and the thousand-and-one sights, scents and sounds, that go to make up the indefinable charm of an English countryside, the visitor to Shropshire may find ample opportunity to gratify his particular taste, or pursue his favourite hobby, be it that of an artist, a sportsman, a botanist, or a votary of the 'gentle art'; while for the cyclist, and in a still greater measure for him who fares afoot, there lurks many a secluded nook in the unfrequented byways, or amidst the hollows of the silent hills; nooks where he may enjoy to heart's content the harvest of the quiet eye.

From the antiquarian point of view, Shropshire is exceptionally interesting. Britons, Romans, Danes, Saxons and Normans, have all played their parts in moulding its early history, and have graven upon the natural features of the country indelible traces of their former domination.

That Shropshire shared to the full in the drum and trumpet history of mediæval days, is attested by the ruined castles and strongholds to be met with on every hand. These we shall have occasion to refer to in the course of our rambles; so turn we now to the famous old town which forms the centre and focus of Salopian life.

* * * * *

Just about the middle of the county, islanded almost by a bold southward sweep of the Severn, stands Shrewsbury, the Pengwern of the old Welsh days, the Saxon Scrobbesbyrig; an ancient borough town and the capital of the district. Shrewsbury is a clean, cheerful, yet withal picturesque-looking city, where the tide of modern progress rolls to and fro along the steep old streets beside its ancient castle, past venerable parish churches and the quaint, half-timbered mansions of the ancienne noblesse.

Hotels and lodging-houses are not far to seek, while highroads and lines of railway ramificate from Shrewsbury throughout the county; so the traveller who intends to explore the nooks and corners of the surrounding district cannot do better than take up his quarters for a time in the proud old city upon Severn side.

The topography of Shrewsbury is tolerably simple. Encompassed on all sides save the north by the noble river Severn, the town spreads away up a gentle hill to the walls of its guardian castle. 'The Towne of Shrewesbury,' says John Leland, 'standeth on a Rocky Hill of Stone of a sad redde Earth, and Severne soe girdeth in all the Towne that, saving a little Peice, it were an Isle.'

Right through the centre of the city, from south-east towards the west, runs the ancient highroad, or 'reddie way,' from London to North Wales; entering by way of the English Bridge, passing through the town under the names of Wyle Cop, High Street and Mardol, and emerging by the Welsh Bridge. At right angles to this thoroughfare lies Castle Street, leading up to the gates of the old Norman stronghold, and nowadays familiar to travellers as the road to the railway-station. Castle Street leads on to Pride Hill, one of the busiest arteries of the city, which in its turn is prolonged down St. John's Hill to the Quarry, a public park shaded by avenues of lofty lime trees, affording a pleasant stroll by Severn side. Here, some three centuries ago, Churchyard the Shropshire poet beheld:

'A space belowe to bait both Bull and Beare: For players, too, great roume, and place at will, And in the same a Cockpit, wondrous fayre, Besides, where men may wrestle in their fill.'

Across the river rises Shrewsbury School, the handsome modern prototype of the older foundation in the town, encompassed by spacious demesnes and cricket fields, the scene in bygone times of the far-famed 'Shrewsbury Show.' Abbey Foregate, with its venerable monastic church, occupies what may be called the English side of the city; while the ancient suburb of Frankwell climbs the hill in a westerly direction, away beyond the Welsh Bridge.

* * * * *

We now set forth on a peregrination of the town, keeping an eye lifting for such relics of the past as may lie upon our road, and remarking the quaint nomenclature of some of the older streets. Immediately as we step outside the railway-station, the old city gives us a taste of its quality; for yonder rise the ruddy sandstone walls and round-towers of Shrewsbury Castle, 'built in such a brave Plott,' as an old writer observes, 'that it could have espyed a Byrd flying in every Streete.'

Originally erected by the all-powerful Roger de Montgomery, all that now remains of the feudal castle is a Norman gateway, two massive drum-towers of the Edwardian keep, and some remnants of the inner ward or bailey. So long ago as Henry the Eighth's time, John Leland found the fortress 'nowe much in mine,' and although its ancient walls were furbished up, and a garrison put in charge to hold the place for King Charles, it was delivered by treachery into the hands of the Parliamentarian forces, and so escaped demolition.

Turning up-hill into Castle Gates, we espy a flight of steps leading to a sort of raised passage, called the Dana, whence the visitor, if so minded, may survey a large portion of Shropshire. Returning now to Castle Gates, we bend our steps towards a dignified-looking pile of grey stone buildings, standing a little back from the roadway.

This is the Free Library and Museum, a building that for some three centuries did duty as the Grammar School of Shrewsbury; a school founded by King Edward the Sixth, enlarged by Queen Elizabeth, and numbering among its masters men like Dr. Samuel Butler and Kennedy of Cambridge, and made famous by such scholars as Philip Sidney, Fulk Greville and Darwin, not to mention in the same breath the execrable name of Judge Jeffreys.

Before the entrance gateway, which is adorned with the effigies of two scholars in quaint Jacobean costume, stands the recently erected bronze statue of Charles Darwin, the world-renowned scientist, an alumnus, and a native of Shrewsbury.

The interior of the building proves quite in keeping with what the outside would lead one to expect, for the low-ceiled rooms, with their dark oaken panelling and doors carved with the names of long-forgotten schoolboys, seem redolent of scholarly ways; and these studious traditions are in some sense maintained by the purposes which these quiet chambers now serve.

Once more we steer a diagonal course athwart steep, crowded Castle Street, and, rounding the end of a modern chapel, find ourselves immediately vis-à-vis the object of our search. An ancient archway, surmounted by a pair of timbered gablets, admits us to a small paved courtyard, around three sides of which extends a group of buildings, which in bygone days formed the Council House, and occasional abode of no less a personage than the Lord President of the Council of the Marches of Wales. Many a stately ceremony has doubtless graced these venerable precincts, which still impress the visitor with their look of faded dignity, though fallen in these latter days from their honourable estate, and converted to the purposes of private dwelling-houses.