Part 5

City Sanatorium for Incipient Tuberculosis, Verona, was opened Jan., 1908, in the remodelled girl's cottage of the City Home, which had been discarded for that use.

Newark Anti-Tuberculosis Assoc., 45 Clinton St., established Feb. 1, 1909. To educate public concerning prevention and treatment. Employs nurses to visit patients discharged from state home at Glen Gardner.

Tuberculosis Dept. of Essex Co. Hospital for Contagious Diseases at Soho, was opened May, 1911.

N. J. Anti-Tuberculosis League, 45 Clinton St., organized Oct. 16, 1913, to take place of former state association. A clearing house of information, publicity bureau, education, aid, etc.

Bur. of Tuberculosis, established as separate department of the Newark Bd. of Health, July, 1915, has reorganized city sanatorium, maintains additional clinics and investigates housing conditions.

_Tunnels_: See Hudson and Manhattan Tubes; Vehicular Tunnel

_250th Anniversary_: The first settlers, led by Robert Treat, came to Newark from Connecticut, May 17, 1666. In 1916, from May 1 to Oct. 31, the city celebrated its 250th birthday with a succession of ceremonies and festivities.

Preliminary plans were laid in 1914, when the N. J. Legislature approved an act, March 9, providing for such a celebration. In accordance with this act, and by authority granted under an ordinance of the Common Council, Mayor Haussling, in the summer of the same year, appointed the Committee of One Hundred to raise money and plan, through its sub-committees, for the anniversary program.

Newark and the forthcoming celebration became subjects of national interest and importance. Thousands of people from all over the country entered competitions for the best posters and poems, symbolizing the city's history and industrial progress. The competitions resulted in the spread of information about Newark and brought recognition of the city's standing.

The most notable single feature of the anniversary was the Pageant of Newark, an historic and allegorical review of the growth of the city, presented in Weequahic Park.

There were innumerable parades, of which none was more pleasing to the spectators, or more creditable to the city, than the School Children's Parade, June 6.

Annual or recurrent events like the Music Festival and Industrial Exposition were included in the anniversary program and made particularly attractive.

230 athletes from all parts of the United States and Canada participated in the athletic events held at Weequahic Park, September 8, 9 and 16, and succeeded in breaking six world records. The Ninth International Fly and Bait Casting Tournament, held in Newark, Aug. 23-26, was likewise a great success. Athletic meets of all kinds were the order of the summer months.

As was natural, Newark became the popular convention city for 1916, all manner of organizations being glad to avail themselves of the special attractions offered their members.

_250th Anniversary Competitions_:

1. Street & Building Decorations. Committee of 100 offered $500 for best plan submitted. Won by Jordan Green, architect, 81 Lincoln Park, Newark.

2. Poetry. Poems on Newark and its 250th Anniversary. Committee of 100 offered $250, 1st prize; $150, 2nd; $100 3rd; 10 prizes of $50 each. 1st prize, Clement Wood (Vulcan Smith, pseud.), New York City, "Smithy of God". 2nd prize, Anna Blake Mezquida (Anne Grinfill, pseud.), San Francisco, Cal., "City of Heritage". 3rd prize, Albert E. Trombly (Edmond St. Hilaire, pseud.), Philadelphia, Pa., "Newark--1916". These poems and many others have since been collected in a volume entitled, "Newark Anniversary Poems". Published, 1917. Price, $1.25.

3. Poster. Committee of 100 offered $1,000, 1st prize; $500, 2nd; $300, Special, awarded by popular vote. 1st prize won by Adolph Treidler, New York City, "Robert Treat directing the landing of settlers in Newark"; 2nd, won by Helen Dryden, of New York City; Special, won by E. A. Foringer, of Grantwood, N. J.

4. New York Times Essay on Newark History. Open to pupils in public, private and parochial schools. $10 selection of books, prize for high school winners; Tiffany silver medals, prizes for grade school winners. 1,000 prizes awarded.

5. Photography. Newark Camera Club conducted "Amateur Photographic Contest and Exhibition". Grand prize for best picture of entire exhibit, solid silver loving cup, donated by Franklin Murphy, Chairman of Committee of 100; 4 gold and 4 silver medals as first and second awards for pictures in four classes--Class A, Street Decorations and Parades; Class B, Night Illuminations; Class C, Feigenspan Colleoni Statue; Class D, Miscellaneous. Grand prize won by Edward J. Brown, member of the Club. Class A. 1st prize, Edward J. Brown; 2nd, Peter J. Schweikert; Class B, 1st prize, Edward J. Brown; 2nd, George Hahn, Jr.; Class C, 1st prize, Reuben B. Ashderian; 2nd, George Hahn, Jr.; Class D, 1st prize, Alfred R. Jayson; 2nd, Edward J. Brown.

6. Emblem. Committee of 100 offered $50, 1st prize; $30, 2nd; $20, 3rd. Open to pupils of all schools in Newark.

7. City Flag. Committee of 100 offered $100 prize. Open to any resident of N. J.

_250th Anniversary Industrial Exposition_: See Exhibitions

_250th Anniversary Music Festival_: See Music Festival, 1916

_250th Anniversary Notable Parades_: Opening day, May 1, 1916, at 10 a. m. Local National Guard, Boy Scouts and other organizations, with Gen. Edwin C. Hine, commanding.

Founder's Day, May 17, 1916, at 2 p. m. N. J. National Guard, civic organizations and fraternal bodies.

School Children's, June 6, 1916, at 2 p. m. 11,000 public and 4,000 parochial school children. Time, 3½ hours. Included 22 historical and symbolic floats, 23 bands, 12 fife and drum corps.

_250th Anniversary Pageant_: Pageant of Newark by Thomas Wood Stevens.

4,000 performers.

Given May 30, 31, June 1, 2, 1916, at 8 p. m., in Weequahic Park. Seating accommodations for 40,000, including 20,000 free seats. Attended by the greatest crowds ever handled by police department.

Prologue showed the passing of the explorers Cabot, Verrazano, Hudson, and the Peace Legend of the original Indians of N. J.

1st to 3rd Movements showed landing of Robert Treat, purchase of land, land riots of 1746, revolutionary times, Marquis de Lafayette's visit, first signs of industrial growth, and Lincoln's visit.

4th Movement was symbolic of the forces which have shaped the life of the city.

Music composed for this occasion by Henry C. Hadley.

_250th Anniversary School Work Exhibit_: See Exhibitions

_Ungraded Schools_: See Delinquent Children

_Vacant Lot Cultivation_:

_Acres_ _Acres_ _No._ _Value_ _Available_ _Cultivated_ _Gardens_ _Crop_ 1915 550 10 175 $ 4,200 1916 550 22 375 10,600 1917 540 193 3,288 114,572 1918 540 225 4,000 135,000

1918. 18,000 backyard gardens, 20' × 25', also cultivated, with total value of crop, $180,000. 23 school garden plots planted and cared for by pupils in manual training, physical culture and science classes. This work is carried on by the Vacant Lot Assoc.

_Vailsburg_: Annexed, Jan. 1, 1905. Area thus added, 885.1 acres or 1.383 sq. miles.

_Vehicular Tunnel_: Act giving power to the N. J. Inter-State Bridge and Tunnel Commission, acting jointly with the N. Y. Commission, for construction and operation of a tunnel for vehicular traffic under the Hudson River, from New York to Jersey City, passed by both N. Y. and N. J. Legislatures, 1919.

By this means traffic congestion will be relieved, difficulties of fog and ice overcome to a great extent, freight handled more cheaply and mails expedited. Interstate freight traffic will no longer be entirely dependent on ferry and barge service, as was the case during the harbor strike in the winter of 1918.

Gen. Goethals, builder of the Panama Canal, has estimated that a tunnel wide enough to allow 3 trucks to travel side by side and providing for a foot path will cost $12,000,000. Maintenance will amount to about $125,000 annually. About 2 years will be required for construction.

As U. S. Congress has voted against federal aid, the expense will be met jointly by New York and New Jersey.

_Venereal Diseases, Bureau of--Board of Health_: Established July, 1918. Clinics already in operation were developed, attendants and nurses appointed.

_Vocational Schools_: See Boys' Vocational School; Girls' Vocational School; Technical School.

_Wages_: Comparison as illustrated by 7 important trades. These figures for Newark drawn from U. S. Bur. of Labor Statistics:

_1904_ _1914_ _1918_ Bricklayer Hours per week 44 44 44 Wages per hour $.58 $.65 $.75

Carpenter Hours per week 44 44 44 Wages per hour $.41 $.50 $.70

Machinist Hours per week 54 54 50 Wages per hour $.29 $.36 $.45

Moulder Hours per week 54 54 54 Wages per hour $.33 $.38 $.55

Pattern maker Hours per week 54 44 48 Wages per hour $.39 $.49 $.75

Painter Hours per week 48 44 44 Wages per hour $.36 $.44 $.62

Plumber Hours per week 48 44 44 Wages per hour $.44 $.62 $.75

_War, The--Military Organizations_: Local enlistments are estimated:

Army, 9,000; Navy, 4,000; Marines, 250.

9,591 Newark men, 21-31 years of age, were called for service between April, 1917, and Sept., 1918, under first draft.

59,937 Newark men, 18-45 years of age, were registered for second draft, Sept. 12, 1918.

Casualties: (Unofficial record) Killed 120 Died from wounds 53 Died from disease 65 Died from other causes 17 Wounded 870 Missing 27 ----- 1,152

_War, The--Relief Organizations_: The following organizations, and many others, did war work of all kinds.

American Red Cross. Y. M. C. A. Y. W. C. A. Knights of Columbus. Jewish Welfare Board. Salvation Army. War Camp Community Service. U. S. Food Administration. U. S. Fuel Administration. National League for Women's Service. Red Cross Motor Corps. National Service Motor Corps. Woman's Motor Corps of America. Catholic Women's Committee. Contemporary Civics Committee. Woman's Volunteer Service League (colored). Junior Red Cross. Girl's Patriotic League.

_War, The--Financial Support_: Every Newark drive for war work funds and liberty loans was over-subscribed:

Liberty Loans:

_Newark's Quota_ _Raised_ 1st May 15-June 15, 1917 $20,670,000 $23,054,300 2nd Oct. 1-Nov. 1, 1917 31,005,000 36,728,450 3rd Apr. 26-May 4, 1918 18,876,100 31,298,500 4th Sept. 28-Oct. 19, 1918 38,198,200 60,130,450 5th Apr. 21-May 10, 1919 31,225,900 41,383,450

Red Cross:

1st drive, June 18-25, 1917 750,000 784,570 2nd " May 20-27, 1918 750,000 1,325,000 United War Work Drive, Nov. 11-21, 1918 1,000,000 1,051,752

_War, The--Industrial Aspect_: It is impossible to get figures covering Newark alone. There were 4 munition plants, 3 plants making uniforms, 10 making chemicals, 3 making military airplanes and one making ships. Some indication of the extent of the activity induced by the war is indicated by the number of applications received by federal--state--municipal employment bureau. In 1917, there were 47,022, in 1918 there were 94,830, an increase of over 101%. The following table for N. J. is included to show the great part taken by the state in war industries.

_Stock &_ _Capital_ _Material_ _Goods Made_ _Wages_

High explosives 1914 $13,489,358 $ 7,677,803 $ 14,330,232 $ 1,517,425 1917 55,316,876 37,548,303 245,816,880 24,041,236

Munitions 1914 1,158,639 1,136,331 1,813,898 338,440 1917 25,450,672 35,924,958 47,055,229 9,688,348

Shipbuilding 1914 34,286,142 4,851,539 10,475,245 4,714,375 1917 57,300,609 24,944,468 39,738,072 14,920,054

_Employees_ _Average salary earnings_ High explosives, 1914 2,156 $ 703.81 " " 1917 21,153 1,136.54 Munitions 1914 609 555.73 " 1917 14,623 662.54 Shipbuilding 1914 6,014 783.90 " 1917 11,545 1,292.34

Over 50% of all the military explosives produced in the U. S. were made in N. J.

_War, The--Public School Activities_: Over a million dollars' worth of liberty bonds were sold, and over a quarter of a million dollars' worth of thrift stamps.

Nearly $100,000 were contributed to the various auxiliary causes, such as Surgical dressings, Armenian and Syrian relief. Y. M. C. A. and War Camp Community Service.

There were 35 Junior Red Cross organizations in schools; over twenty thousand articles were made for the Red Cross by domestic art classes; 3,000 cards of cotton wound; and 5,000 button holes made.

3,500 pupils enrolled in the Home Garden division of the Junior Industrial Army.

2,300 home gardens and 21 school gardens were cultivated.

Many thousand magazines were collected in the schools and 20,000 text books not needed in the schools, were given to the soldiers through the Public Library.

71 pupils and 26 teachers enlisted in the army and navy or other branches of war service.

_War, The--Library Service_: From Sept. 1, 1917 to July 30, 1919, 41,575 books and 201,842 magazines were collected by the Public Library, for the army and navy. Of these 40,705 books and 42,175 magazines were sent in over one hundred shipments, to 36 different camps, hospitals and other military posts in N. J. For example, 6,106 books went to Camp Merritt; 1,560 to A. L. A. Dispatch Office at Hoboken for Transport Service; 842 to Port Newark; 9,597 to Camp Dix, and over 1,500 each to Cape May Naval Training Station, Fort Hancock, Camp Morgan and Camp Vail. The proceeds of the sale of magazines, etc., not wanted by soldiers, were used for purchasing technical books and magazine subscriptions for military hospitals.

The three "book drives" were in Sept., 1917; May, 1918, and May, 1919.

_War, The--Notable Parades_: Universal Service Registration Day, June 5, 1917. To mark enrollment of the first draft army, 7,000 school children marched in the morning, 8,000 men, representing military, fraternal and civic organizations, in the afternoon.

Soldier's Day, April 27, 1918. 312th Regiment of Infantry of the National Army from Camp Dix entertained by the city. Escorted by thousands of civilians in line from Lincoln Park to First Regiment Armory. 16,000 in parade, 300,000 spectators. Greatest demonstration of the kind in Newark's history.

Italy Day, May 24, 1918. 8,000 Italian citizens in parade, expressed their allegiance to the U. S. Many Red Cross workers and 400 children from McKinley School in line.

War Savings Stamps, June 15, 1918. 7,500 school children and Red Cross divisions of commercial and industrial concerns, followed by 106 of the famous French Chasseurs d'Alpines, called Blue Devils, then on a visit to the U. S.

113th Infantry of the 29th, or Blue and Gray Division, welcomed home May 20, 1919. The 113th left Newark Sept. 4, 1917, as the First Infantry, National Guard of New Jersey. Their parade was the first to celebrate the return of Newark men from France. A public holiday was proclaimed by Mayor Gillen. Other home-coming parades followed with the 312th Infantry, of the 78th, or Lightning Division, in the line of march, Memorial Day, 1919.

_War, The_: See also Coal Shortage; Industry; Shipbuilding; Wages

_Water Supply_: Since 1892, drawn from headwaters of Pequannock River in northern N. J., 26 miles from city. From time to time city has purchased large tracts of land around this watershed to protect it. Total acreage, 25,000; valuation, $20,000,000; 9 reservoirs; average daily water supply available, 50,000,000 gallons. Average daily consumption, 47,341,000 gallons.

For many years there has been agitation for new source of supply, as population and industries increase. In 1918, permission was granted by the Capital Issues Committee of the Federal Reserve Board to proceed with the development of the Wanaque watershed on condition that no construction work be undertaken during the war. Supply from the Wanaque watershed would be 50,000,000 gallons, equal capacity to Pequannock. Cost estimated at $9,047,250.

_Whooping Cough_: An ordinance passed Sept. 15, 1915, requires children under 10 years of age with whooping cough to wear in the street or any other public place, a yellow band around the arm, marked "Newark Health Department, Whooping Cough". This is a measure to prevent the spread of disease.

_Woman Suffrage_: In view of the recent adoption of the Susan B. Anthony amendment by U. S. Congress, a review of the suffrage movement in N. J. from earliest times to the present, may be of sufficient interest to warrant the disregard of limiting dates.

N. J. had woman suffrage up to 1807.

1884. Petition for restoration of original suffrage rights and for school suffrage.

1887. Suffrage for school officials in villages and for county officials: Senate--ayes, 15; nays, 2. House--unanimously in favor. Passed and became a law. Declared unconstitutional in 1894.

1895. Petition for Full Suffrage and School Suffrage rights.

1897. Resolution for a referendum on School Suffrage: Senate--ayes, 15; nays, 1. Passed. House--ayes, 42; nays, 5. Passed. Submitted to referendum and rejected.

1912. Resolution for Full Suffrage: Senate--ayes, 3; nays, 18.

1913.[D] Resolution for Full Suffrage: Senate--ayes, 14; nays, 5. Passed. House--ayes, 44; nays, 7. Passed.

1914. Suffrage Resolution: Senate--ayes, 15; nays, 3. House--ayes, 49; nays, 4.

1915. Suffrage Resolution: Senate--ayes, 17; nays, 4. House--unanimously passed. Submitted to referendum: N. J., 133,281 for; 184,390 against. And defeated, Oct. 19: Newark, 13,125 for; 24,147 against.

1916. Presidential Suffrage Bill introduced in Senate. Referred to Committee on Judiciary and unfavorably reported.

[D] This resolution through error was not advertised in time, so that a Resolution had to be introduced in the Legislature of 1914.

_Young Men's Christian Association_: Since 1904 the Y. M. C. A. of this city has added two stories over its gymnasium building, increasing its capacity of living rooms for young men to 125.

It has purchased four lots on Warren St., comprising a plot 80 × 100 ft., which is to be the site for the annex building to be erected within the next 5 years.

In the Educational Dept. there have been organized and conducted the accountancy school, automobile schools, classes in electricity, salesmanship, modern production methods, personal efficiency and memory training.

A most important advance was made when the City-Wide Community Work was organized in 1914. There are now 3 districts being operated. Eventually the city and suburbs are to be organized with 7 distinct districts, each with a competent secretary doing work for the whole community.

_Young Women's Christian Association_: New administration and recreation building, 53 Washington St., opened Sept. 2, and dedicated Nov. 3, 1913. $300,000 for its erection raised in 14 days by a "whirlwind campaign" for popular subscriptions. Has gymnasium, assembly hall, cafeteria, roof garden, swimming pool, classrooms, and offices.

Association residence, or boarding home, 304 Broad St., opened March, 1917.

* * * * *

INDEX

All-Year School 4 Almshouse 4 Alternating Plan 4 Apartment Houses 4 Athletic Association, Public School 4 Athletic Field, Public School 4 Automobiles 4

Band Concerts 4 Bank Buildings 5 Baths, Public 5 Birth Rate 5 Blind, Work for 5 Boy's Vocational School 6 Buildings 6

Carteret Book Club 7 Catholic Children's Aid Association of N. J. 7 Charities 8 Charter, City 8 Child Hygiene Division, Board of Health 9 Christmas Trees, Municipal 9 Churches 9 City Home 9 City Plan Commission 9 Civil Service Reform 10 Coal Shortage 10 College of Technology 10 Comfort Stations 10 Commission Government 10 Contemporary, The 11 Co-operative School 11 Course of Study 11 Crippled Children, School for 11

Deaf, Public School Classes for 12 Death Rate 12 Delinquent Children 12 Dental Clinic Association 13 Detention, House of 13

Education Board 13 Employment Bureau, Municipal 13 Exhibitions 13

Feebleminded, Public School Classes for 15 Fire Department, 1906 15 Flag, City 15 Food and Drug Division--Board of Health 16

Gary Schools 16 German Language 16 Girls' Vocational School 16 Gymnasium, Public School 16

Health 16 High Schools 16 Housing 16

Indeterminate Sentence 17 Industrial Expositions 17 Industrial Schools 17 Industry 17 Infantile Paralysis 18 Influenza 18 Institute of Arts and Sciences 18 Italian Language 19

Jitneys 19 Junior College 19 Junior High Schools 19 Junior Museum Club 19 Juvenile Court 19 Juvenile Delinquency 19

Lectures, Public 19 Library, Public 20 Lincoln Highway 22 Little Mother's League 22 Lunches, Public School 22

Medical History, Museum of 22 Medical Inspection 23 Medical Library Association 23 Memorial Tablets 23 Memorial Trees 23 Mental Hygiene, Bureau of--Board of Health 23 Mexican Border Uprising 23 Milk Supply 23 Monuments 23 Moving Pictures 23 Municipal Christmas Trees 24 Municipal Employment Bureau 24 Municipal Exhibition 24 Museum Association 24 Music Festivals 24

Naturalization 25 Newark Day 25 Newspapers and Journals 25 Normal School, N. J. State 26

Open Air Classes 26

Pageant 26 Parades 26 Parental School, Essex Co. 26 Parental School, Newark 26 Parks, City 26 Parks, Essex County 27 Parkways 27 Parochial Schools 27 Passaic Valley Trunk Sewer 27 Paving 28 Physical Training 28 Playgrounds 28 Playgrounds, City 28 Police Department 29 Poor and Alms Department and Almshouse Survey 29 Population 29 Port Newark 29 Postal Service 30 Prices, Food 30 Prison Reform 30 Probation System 32 Public Baths 32 Public Comfort Station 32 Public Lectures 32 Public Schools 32 Public Service Corporation of N. J. 32 Public Service Terminal 32

Reformatory for Women, N. J. State 32