Part 4

Public School Safety Patrol established April, 1917. A member of the city police force has charge of this work under attendance department of Bd. of Education. Members are appointed each term from students of upper grades in schools. A chief is chosen in each school. The chief and other members take a pledge and each is furnished with an arm band as emblem of authority. There are 50 girls and 600 boys in the force. Duties: To prevent taking of unnecessary risks by pupils in going to and returning from school; To guard younger children against traffic accidents and to prevent disorderly conduct among school children on the street; To aid in keeping streets and sidewalks clean.

48% decrease from previous year in number of accidents by cars to children going to and from school in Newark, Feb.-Sept., 1918, credited to instruction by Safety League.

_School Houses as Social Centers_: Authorized by rules adopted by Bd. of Education, Aug. 31, 1915, under act of N. J. Legislature, passed, 1913. First used as polling places in 1917 primaries.

_School Names Changed_:

Alyea St. to Binet No. 3. Ann St. " John Catlin. Coes Pl. " Binet No. 2. Park Ave. " Dayton. 18th Ave. " Milford. Elliot St. " Elliot. 15th Ave. " Moses Bigelow. Hamburg Pl. (Wilson Ave.) " Monteith. Hawthorne Ave. " Hawthorne. Lafayette St. " Lafayette. Madison St. " Madison. Miller St. " Hamilton. Montgomery St. " Montgomery. Morton St. " Joseph E. Haynes. Newton St. " Newton. No. 7th St. " Garfield. Oliver St. " Carteret. Peshine Ave. " Berkeley. Ridge St. " Ridge. 7th Ave. " McKinley. State St. " Binet No. 1. 13th Ave. " Robert Treat. Webster St. " Webster.

_School Savings Banks_: Purpose: To inculcate and encourage thrift.

Essential features of plan: To have pupils themselves manage banks' work as far as possible.

To organize a board of savings bank directors, appointed for each school by its principal.

To place school accounts, over $1.00, with such Newark banks as have endorsed the school bank plan.

To open individual accounts with the same banks for those pupils who have deposited a sum that shall be thought sufficient and to require that no sum be withdrawn without the parent's written consent.

1st bank established in East Side High School, March, 1915.

Randall Law, authorizing school savings banks, passed by N. J. Legislature, Feb., 1916.

9 schools, now operating school banks: East Side High, Central High, Abington Ave., Cleveland, Lafayette, Monteith, Newton St., Warren St., Washington St.

_Total to_ _1917-18_ _July, 1918_ Deposits made $14,082.83 $29,855.57 Interest credited 78.66 188.43 Transferred to local banks 9,492.20 16,305.70 Withdrawn by pupils 4,777.99 9,207.97 Balance in banks 4,528.33 No. of depositors 2,461 7,312 Depositors closing accts. 1,847 2,529 Remaining depositors 4,783

* * * * *

Idea originated in Belgium. Introduced in U. S. in Beloit, Wis., 1876. Permanently established in U. S. by John Henry Thiry, a Belgian, 1885. Amount of school deposits in U. S., $5,000,000, 1915.

_School Survey_: Made by Bur. of Municipal Research under direction of Essex Co. Public Welfare Committee and with approval of Bd. of Education, 1914.

_Schools, Parochial_:

_1904_ _1919_ Total number of pupils enrolled 7,202 14,741 Teaching force: Sisters 114 229 Brothers 8 9 Lay Teachers 14 31 Number of schools 21 26

Rev. John A. Dillon was appointed superintendent of schools for the Diocese of Newark, January 2nd, 1910.

_Schools, Public_:

_1903-04_ _1918-19_ Total number of pupils enrolled 43,742 75,461 High school enrollment 1,264 5,398 Evening school enrollment 7,377 12,100 Summer school enrollment (1904) 8,546 19,199 (1919) Teaching force (day schools) 967 2,071 Number of schools 56 69 Number of high schools 1 4-Senior 3-Junior Number of evening schools 15 23 Number of summer schools (1904) 15 34 (1919)

Dr. David B. Corson was elected superintendent July 1, 1918, to succeed Dr. Addison B. Poland, city superintendent from 1901 until his death, Sept. 15, 1917.

See also under name of subject, All-Year School, etc.

_Shade Tree Commission_: Organized, 1904. Composed of three members, residents, appointed by mayor to serve without compensation. Charged (1) with planting, care, protection and maintenance of street trees. (2) with care, maintenance and improvement of the parks. Under commission government, known as Shade Tree Div. of Dept. of Parks and Public Property.

_1904_ _1918_ Shade trees on highways 36,800 66,000 Shade trees set out 750 30,580

Trees sprayed against insect enemies by Shade Tree Commission as part of its routine work at request of property owners, without charge. Cost of spraying, about 15 cents a tree.

Trees are planted along streets where more shade seems to the Commission desirable. Property owner in front of whose property tree is placed assessed for the cost of the tree and planting, recently averaging about $5 a tree. Called "assessment planting". Assessment collected as are other taxes. When owners ask to have trees planted on their property, expense is met by bill rendered to owner. Price varies with size of tree, but averages $5. Called "request planting".

See also Parks, City; Parkways.

_Shipbuilding_: Since Sept., 1917, the Submarine Boat Corporation at Port Newark has equipped, set in motion and run at high speed a plant covering 113 acres and requiring the services of 15,000 workers.

By July 31, 1919, 63 boats had been launched.

"Agawam", the first modern steamship built by the company, was launched at Port Newark, May 30, 1918.

See also Port Newark Terminal.

_Ship Yard Workers, Evening Classes for_: Established by Bd. of Education, Jan. 2, 1919, at Robert Treat, Central, East Side and Bergen St. High Schools, Boys' Vocational School and Fawcett School of Industrial Arts.

_Smoke Abatement Department_: Established, 1907, to prevent unhealthful and unsightly clouds of dense smoke and soot. Under commission government, a division of the Dept. of Parks and Public Property.

_Social Service Survey_: Searching investigation of population, municipal administration, social influences, industrial conditions, community problems--saloons, dance halls, crime, housing, health, political life,--and public and private charities. Made by John P. Fox for Men and Religion Forward Movement. Oct. 21-Dec. 7, 1911. Limited edition of typed copies.

_Statues and Monuments_: (For list complete to 1914, see Bd. of Education Leaflet No. 31, Sculpture and Stone Carving in Newark.)

Felix Mendelssohn-Bartholdy. Bronze bust erected in Branch Brook Park on promenade in front of Barringer High School. By J. M. Didusch. First prize awarded to United Singers of Newark at twentieth National Saengerfest, Baltimore, Md., 1903, and presented by them to the city. Erected, May 22, 1904.

Robert F. Ballantine. Bronze bas-relief. In Eye and Ear Infirmary, Central Ave. By Jonathan Scott Harley. Unveiled June, 1906.

Liberty Pole erected in 1793 in Military Park, replaced by present iron mast, 112 feet high; dedicated Thanksgiving Day, 1906.

Court House Statues. 8 marble figures symbolizing aspects of Law on front of building and 2 heroic bronze figures representing Power and Truth beside the steps. By Andrew O'Connor, Jr. Court house erected in 1907.

Mgr. George Hobart Doane, for fifty years rector of St. Patrick's Cathedral. Bronze statue in Rector Park, opposite Trinity Church. By William C. Noble. Erected by popular subscription. Unveiled, Jan. 9, 1908.

Wisdom instructing the Children of Men. High relief in bronze over entrance of Free Public Library. By John Flanagan. Subscriptions raised by Mgr. Doane. Placed, May, 1909.

Abraham Lincoln. Bronze statue. By Gutzon Borglum. On Court House plaza, where Newark citizens of 1861 met and pledged themselves to help preserve the Union. Bequest of Amos H. Van Horn, citizen of Newark, soldier in the Union army, and member of the Lincoln Post, G. A. R. Dedicated by surviving members of the Post. Tendered to the city by Ex-President Theodore Roosevelt and unveiled Memorial Day, 1911.

George Washington. Bronze equestrian statue in Washington Park. By J. Massey Rhind. Bequest of Amos H. Van Horn. Unveiled, Nov. 2, 1912.

John F. Dryden, founder of the Prudential Insurance Co. and pioneer of industrial insurance in America. Bronze statue, a third more than life size, called heroic, in rotunda of main Prudential building. By Karl Bitter. Given by field and home office force. Unveiled, Sept. 24, 1913.

Normal School, Grotesques. Eight decorative figures representing Mathematics, Study, Botany, Thought, Chemistry, Writing, Music, History. By G. Grandelis. Placed around cornice. Aug., 1912.

"The Hiker". Bronze statue in memory of Spanish-American War soldiers, at Clinton and Belmont Aves. By Allen G. Newman. Given by United Spanish War Veterans. Unveiled, Memorial Day, 1914.

"Our Lady of Loretto", limestone statue, on 3rd story front of Loretto Hall, hotel for working girls, on Belleville Ave., near 4th Ave. By Alfred Kenney. Given by Rev. F. M. O'Neil, of St. Michael's Church. Placed, Aug. 31, 1915.

Branford Place Shaft. To mark center of first settlement near first church, college and court house. Shaft for street illumination, with bronze tablets on isle of safety, Branford Place. By Gutzon Borglum. Erected by 250th Anniversary Committee of One Hundred. Unveiled, May 10, 1916.

Colleoni. Full-sized reproduction in bronze and marble of the world's most famous equestrian statue and pedestal of Bartolomeo Colleoni, by Verrocchio, the original of which stands in Venice. Erected in Clinton Park, opposite Lincoln Park. Given by Christian W. Feigenspan. Made under direction of J. Massey Rhind. Unveiling, July 26, 1916, a feature of the 250th Anniversary celebration.

Puritans' Landing Place. Drinking fountain at foot of Saybrook Place. Designed by Gutzon Borglum. Erected by 250th Anniversary Committee of One Hundred. Unveiled, May 10, 1916.

Puritan and Indian. Bronze shaft for street illumination, with stone figures of Indian and Puritan at base, site of old Market Place, Broad St. at Bridge. By Gutzon Borglum. Erected by 250th Anniversary Committee of One Hundred. Unveiled, May 10, 1916.

Stone seat in Military Park to mark Training Place site, set aside in 1669. Military Park was used for training soldiers in colonial days. Given by N. J. Daughters of the Revolution. Unveiled, May 13, 1916.

_Street Names Changed_: During war period, 1917-18.

Hamburg Pl. to Wilson Ave. Bismarck Ave. to Pershing Ave. Dresden St. to London St. Bremen St. to Marne St. Berlin St. to Rome St. Frankfort St. to Paris St.

_Street Paving_: Market St. repaved with bitulithic pavement from Court House to Pennsylvania Railroad Station. Paved from Railroad Pl. to Broad St., in 1911. Paved from Broad St. west to Pierson's Alley and work completed, June 29, 1912.

Broad St. repaved with wood block from Belleville Ave. to South St. Work begun June, 1914. Completed, Oct. 5, 1914.

Total mileage of paved streets, Jan. 1, 1904, 151.17 miles. " " " " " Jan. 1, 1919, 269.22 miles.

Activities, Repair Dept., 1904

Repairs to bridges $ 1,106.54 Supervision of sidewalks 846.00 Repairs to crosswalks 2,910.98 Repairs to pavements other than asphalt 9,179.06 Asphalt pavement repairs 5,915.64 ----------- $ 19,958.22

Activities, Repair Dept., 1918

Granite pavements repaired, 21,908 sq. yds. $ 18,314.57 Brick pavement repaired, 5,755 sq. yds. 8,283.08 Telford pavement repaired, 21,897 sq. yds. 7,517.57 Wood block pavement repaired, 529 sq. yds. 1,054.54 Asphalt pavement repaired, 37,970 sq. yds. 80,199.69 Building safety isles 1,228.79 Stone crusher, producing 1,225 cu. yds. broken stone 1,826.62 Cross walks laid and relaid 1,537.62 Streets graded by hand 1,252.39 Repairing roads with broken stone 9,247.23 Miscellaneous repairs 20,864.06 ----------- $151,326.16

Sidewalks, 1918

Cost of supervision $ 2,612.00 Cost of work done under city contract 334.77 ---------- $ 2,946.77

On account of war conditions little work was ordered by city. Property owners under city supervision laid walks costing about $15,000.

_Summer High Schools_: Opened at Barringer High School, 1914, with 947 students. 1st and 2nd year classes only. 1915, full 4 year course introduced. 1919 enrollment, 1,520 students, with 800 at Central High School and 720 at Barringer.

_Surveys_: See Boys' Vocational School; Poor and Alms Department and Almshouse Survey; Public School Survey; Social Service Survey.

_Tablets, Memorial_: (The tablets noted as given by Schoolmen's Club were after first year purchased from a penny fund collected from school children, but were erected under direction of the Club.)

Gen. Philip Kearny, for service rendered Italian nation, 1859, when he fought with forces that drove Austria from the peninsula. Placed on Kearny statue in Military Park. Given by Italians in Newark, Memorial Day, 1911.

John Catlin, Newark's first schoolmaster. Placed at Broad and Commerce Sts., where he opened his first school in 1876. Given by Schoolmen's Club. Unveiled, Newark Day, Nov. 6, 1911.

Gen. Philip Kearny, New Jersey leader in the Civil War. Placed on Normal School (built on site of Kearny homestead), Belleville and 4th Aves., 1912. Given by Bd. of Education.

Robert Treat, founder of Newark. Placed on Kinney building, on site of Robert Treat's home lot, at Broad and Market Sts., by Schoolmen's Club. Unveiled, Newark Day, Nov. 4, 1912.

John G. Shea, Catholic historian. Placed on St. Patrick's' Cathedral by Knights of Columbus, Columbus Day, 1912.

Camp Frelinghuysen, used by the Union volunteers in 1861. Set in boulder in Branch Brook Park nearly opposite Barringer High School, on west side of lake, for lack of suitable spot on actual site of original training quarters, which extended west of park from Lackawanna Railroad toward Bloomfield Ave. Given by pupils of Barringer High School. Unveiled, May 29, 1912.

Elias G. Heller, who built first schoolhouse in Forest Hill. Placed in Ridge St. School. Given by his sons. Unveiled, Feb. 11, 1913.

First Meeting House, built in 1668. Placed on building on south side of Branford Pl., near Broad St. Given by Schoolmen's Club. Unveiled, Newark Day, Nov. 3, 1913.

First Sunday School, founded by Anna Richards, 1814. Placed by First Presbyterian Church, on exterior wall of Sunday School building, So. Broad St., opp. Branford Pl. To mark centennial of school's founding. Dedicated, June Sunday, June 13, 1915.

Work of Jane E. Johnson in Newark schools. Placed in Normal School, Belleville and 4th Aves. Given by Nathaniel King, of Bd. of Education, May 13, 1914.

Washington's route from Philadelphia to Cambridge in 1775, to take command of Continental Army. Placed on Firemen's building, Broad and Market Sts., June 25, 1914. Given by N. J. Sons of the American Revolution.

Hannibal Goodwin, inventor of photographic film and Newark clergyman. Placed in Public Library corridor by Newark Camera Club, Nov. 28, 1914.

Washington's retreat in 1776. Placed on Trinity Church by N. J. Sons of American Revolution, March 7, 1914.

Newark's part in War for American Independence. Placed on Prudential Building by Schoolmen's Club, Flag Day, 1915.

Rev. Moses Newell Combs, pioneer in industrial education and first shoe manufacturer in Newark. Dedicated, Newark Day, Nov. 1, 1915, and placed on building at 75 Market St., by Schoolmen's Club, March 10, 1916.

Aaron Burr's parsonage, where first classes of College of New Jersey, now Princeton University, were held, 1748-1756. Placed on Koenig building, Broad and William Sts., by Princeton Club, May 10, 1916.

Revolutionary camping ground, in Phillips Park. Set in a boulder from Fox Hill. Given by N. J. Daughters of American Revolution, May 19, 1916.

Site of first academy in city built in 1774 by gifts of citizens. Set in boulder in Washington Park. Given by Newark Academy. Placed, July 19, 1916. Dedicated the following fall.

Col. Peter Schuyler, leader of "Jersey Blues". Set in boulder in Military Park. Given by N. J. Society of the Order of the Founders and Patriots of America. Unveiled, Flag Day, 1916.

Justice Joseph Hedden, Revolutionary martyr. Placed on building at 536 Broad St., site of Hedden Colonial home. Given by Barringer High School students. Unveiled, May 25, 1916.

Divident Hill in Weequahic Park, where boundary between Newark and Elizabeth was fixed in 1668. Placed on exterior of small marble building. Given by pupils of South Side High School. Unveiled, May 20, 1916.

Spot where Lincoln spoke on journey to his inauguration in 1861. Placed at Broad and Division Sts., by Schoolmen's Club. Unveiled, Newark Day, Nov. 6, 1916.

Newark founders who were Congregationalists. Placed in First Congregational Jube Memorial Church, Clinton Ave. and Wright St., by its members, May 10, 1916.

Participation of Newark men in the European war. Placed on City Hall by Schoolmen's Club, Newark Day, Nov. 5, 1917.

Barringer boys who gave their services to their country in the great world war. Given and placed in Barringer High School auditorium by pupils, alumni and teachers of the school. Unveiled, Memorial Day, 1919.

_Technical School_: Given right to grant its graduates collegiate degrees in science, Jan. 4, 1919. Name changed to College of Technology.

_Telephones_:

_1904_ _1918_ Instruments in use 8,935 41,567 Local calls, 1905 11,387,490 39,797,745 Out of town calls, 1905 1,591,785 7,858,685

_Trade, Board of_: Unofficial organization; present membership, 1,500; established, 1868, to promote industrial, commercial and financial welfare of Newark.

The following summary by the board, represents their interests during the past fifteen years:

1904. Advocated legislation which created Tenement House Commission.

1905. Started agitation for building of Central High School.

Obtained appropriation for 12 ft. depth in Passaic River.

1906. Advocated law limiting public franchise rights to 25 years.

1907. Brought about creation of Bur. of Combustibles and Fire Risks.

1908. Obtained extension of high pressure system.

1909. Caused city to start a public bath house system, by establishing one.

Caused city to start a municipal employment bureau.

1910. Obtained medical inspection in public schools.

1911. Started agitation for improvement of Plank Road, later carried out.

1912. Held successful Industrial Exposition.

Lighterage case begun by Board.

Directory of "Newark Made Goods", published at cost of $10,000.

1913. Brought about establishing of Federal Court in Newark.

Influence of Board used to establish Public Service Terminal.

New Jersey sea-level ship canal advocated.

1914. Opposed purchase of East Jersey Water Plant, and advocated Wanaque extension.

Opposed placing Newark in the Philadelphia Regional Bank Zone.

Filed complaint against detrimental credit loan companies.

1915. Favored excess condemnation.

Filed formal complaint in lighterage case.

Protested against increase in Ferry tolls on Hudson River.

1916. Opposed site proposed for Memorial building. Held a successful "Buy-in-Newark Week".

Started agitation for safety isles in Broad St.

1917. Had bill introduced in the U. S. Senate providing for dependents of soldiers.

Favored connection of Hudson and Manhattan and Public Service Railway lines.

Obtained $10,000 appropriation from Board of Freeholders for surveys for vehicular tunnels under Hudson.

Created sentiment for Commission government.

1918. Sought government aid in providing homes for industrial workers.

Outlined an industrial labor policy.

_Transportation_: See Hudson and Manhattan Tubes; Jitneys; Lincoln Highway; Public Service Terminal; Trolleys.

_Trees, Memorial_: Doane Oak. Planted in Lincoln Park by Shade Tree Commission, 1907. In memory of Mgr. George Hobart Doane (1830-1905), rector of St. Patrick's Cathedral, and one of the most widely known Catholic ecclesiastics in the country.

Lincoln Highway Sycamores. 40, set out on Lincoln Highway, near Plank Road Bridge, April, 1917, by N. J. State Federation of Women's Clubs.

State Federation of Women's Clubs Sycamore. Planted on City Hall Plaza in honor of Federation, by The Contemporary, April, 1917.

Roosevelt Oak. Planted by Boy Scouts in Washington Park, May 3, 1919. In memory of Theodore Roosevelt, president of U. S., Sept. 14, 1901-1909. Born, Oct. 27, 1858. Died, Jan. 6, 1919.

_Trolleys_:

_1904_ _1918_ Essex Division (Includes Essex Co. & West Hudson towns) Miles of tracks 198.2 227.2 No. of cars 362 658[C] Passengers carried 88,215,000 174,154,820

[C] All cars put in service during last ten years were much larger than those formerly used.

Opening of new trolley terminal April 30, 1916, one of the most important improvements in system since Corporation was formed in 1903. See also Public Service Terminal.

Women first employed as conductors, 1918. War measure due to labor shortage.

Skip-stops instituted at request of national and state fuel administrators, April 1, 1918. Another war measure.

Port Newark route to and from Submarine Boat Corporation, first operated, Sept. 1918.

Strike of motormen and conductors for increased wages called June 6, 1918. Arbitrated by National Labor Bd. Service resumed June 8. Second strike, March 12-17, 1919.

Transfer charge in addition to 5 cent fare first authorized April 1, 1918. 7 cent fare raise effective, October 15, 1918. Reduction to 6 cents with 1 cent extra charge for transfer, April 1, 1919. 7 cent fare with 1 cent extra charge for transfer restored, May 4, 1919.

_Tuberculosis, Campaign Against_: State Tuberculosis Sanatorium at Glen Gardner, Hunterdon Co., provided for by act of N. J. Legislature, 1902. Building completed, 1907. Cost, $300,000. $89,500 appropriated for new buildings, 1912.