Part 23

URTICA FEROX ("Nettle Tree"). It has prickly, light green leaves, with very long thick spines; a row of these spines is situated along the midrib of each leaf. It grows in open situations.

URTICA INCISA (Ground Nettle). A herbaceous plant found in shady places amongst ferns. The leaves are covered with spines, which give a very sharp sting when touched.

VERONICA (Koromiko). A genus of shrubs, found commonly on the margins of forests, and on hill-tops. The leaves are rather long, smooth, and dark green, and the flowers are mostly purplish-white.

INDEX TO GENERAL SUBJECTS.

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Abdomen, xiii Adaptive characters, xvi Air-tubes, ix Alpine Lepidoptera, colours of, xv Anastomosis, xii Antennæ of imago, x " of larva, ix Apex of wing, xii Arctic Lepidoptera, colours of, xv

Base of wing, xi Biliary vessels of imago, xiii " " of larva, x Bi-pectinated, x Butterflies, 101

Cæcum, xiii Caterpillars, ix Classification, xvi Clavate intestine, x Coincidence of veins, xii Colon of imago, xiii " of larva, x Concurrence of veins, xii Connection of veins, xii Contrast colours, xv Costa, xi Coxa of imago, xiii " of larva, ix Crown, x

Digestive system of imago, xiii " " of larva, x Divergence of character, xiv Dorsum, xi

Ecdysis, x Egg, ix Eyes, compound, x " simple, x

Face, x Fasciculate-ciliated, xi Femur of imago, xiii " of larva, ix Filiform, xi Frenulum, xii

Geographical distribution, xix

Haustellum, xi Head, x

Ilium of imago, xiii " of larva, x Imago, x Inheritance, xiv

Jugum, xii

Labium of imago, xi " of larva, ix Labrum of imago, xi " of larva, ix Larva, ix Legs of imago, xiii " of larva, ix Lepidoptera, descent of, xvii " arrangement of, xviii

Mandibles of imago, xi " of larva, ix Maxillæ of imago, xi " of larva, ix Mimicry, xv

Natural selection, xiv Neuration, xii

Obsolescence of veins, xii Ocelli, x Oesophagus of imago, xiii " of larva, x Ornamental colouring, xv

Palpi, labial, of imago, xi " " of larva, ix " maxillary, of imago, xi " " of larva, ix Pectinated, x Præcostal spur, xii Proboscis, xi Prolegs, ix Protective resemblance, xiv Pseudoneuria, xii Pubescent, xi Pupa, x

Retinaculum, xii

Salivary vessels, xiii Serrate, xi Sexual selection, xvi Species, origin of, xiii Spinneret, x Spinning vessels, x Spiracles, ix Stalking of veins, xii Struggle for existence, xiv Sucking stomach, xiii "Survival of the Fittest", xiv

Termen, xi Tibia of imago, xiii " of larva, ix Tongue, xi Tornus, xii

Unipectinated, x

Variation, xiii "Vegetable caterpillar", 132 Veins of wings, xii Ventriculus of imago, xiii " of larva, x

Warning colours, xv Wings, xi

SPECIAL INDEX.

Names of Groups are printed in capitals (CARADRININA, &c.). " Families, in small capitals (ARCTIADÆ, &c.). " Sub-families, in sanserif italic (_Poliades_, &c.). " Genera, in roman beginning with a capital (Agrotis, &c.). " Species, in roman (annulata, &c.). " Synonyms, in ordinary italic (_doubledayi_, &c.).

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abrogata, 55 _absconditaria_, 60 _acceptrix_, 18 _acetina_, 7 _acidaliaria_, 77 acontistis, 11 _acroiaria_, 80 acutata, 76 admirationis, 31 adonis, 63 ægrota, 64 Agrotis, 30 agrionata, 40 agorastis, 18 alcyone, 24 alectoraria, 80 alopa, 12 anceps, 69 _anguligera_, 47 _angusta_, 18 annulata, 2 Anosia, 102 antarctica, 42 anthracias, 67 _antipoda_, 10 _antipodaria_, 87 antipodum, 110 _aquosata_, 41 _arachnias_, 23 _archippus_, 102 ARCTIADÆ, 1 _ardularia_, 57 _arenacea_, 87 _argentifera_, 35 Argyrophenga, 110 arida, 50 aristarcha, 85 aristias, 42 armigera, 32 arotis, 12 Asaphodes, 54 asterope, 24 Asthena, 52 _astrapia_, 82 _assata_, 55 atalanta, 120 atristriga, 10 atronivea, 95 _attracta_, 86 _auge_, 104 _aulacias_, 12 Azelina, 92

beata, 63 _bicomma_, 7 bilineolata, 41 _bisignata_, 47 Bityla, 29 blenheimensis, 13 boldenarum, 118 bolina, 104 _boreophilaria_, 88 brephos, 75 _brephosata_, 75 bryopis, 62 bulbulata, 68 butleri, 115

cærulea, 8 _calida_, 41 callicrena, 73 callichlora, 50 camelias, 65 CARADRINIDÆ, 5 _Caradrinides_, 29 CARADRININA, 1 _caprimulgata_, 86 cardui, 108 cataphracta, 61 _catapyrrha_, 68 catilla, 121 _catocalaria_, 75 Catopsilia, 121 _ceramodes_, 8 cerapachoides, 32 ceraunias, 14 cervinata, 133 Chalastra, 88 chalcites, 35 chalcophanes, 128 _chaotica_, 50 characterifera, 133 _charybdis_, 41 chionogramma, 65 chorica, 66 chlamydota, 59 chlorias, 63 Chloroclystis, 41 chrysopeda, 68 Chrysophanus, 116 _cidariaria_, 41 _cinerascens_, 88 cinerearia, 67 clarata, 61 coeleno, 26 comma, 7 composita, 22 _conferta_, 32 _congregata_, 47 _congressata_, 47 _conversata_, 47 convolvuli, 99 _cookaria_, 91 _corcularia_, 67 Cosmodes, 33 cosmodora, 62 cucullina, 27 _cymosema_, 56

Dasypodia, 35 Dasyuris, 69 _debilis_, 18 _deceptura_, 9 Declana, 94 defigurata, 29 dejectaria, 86 _delicatulata_, 59 deltoidata, 47 denotatus, 45 _dentigera_, 22 _descriptata_, 47 despecta, 134 _desiccata_, 87 Diadema, _see_, Anosia, 102 diatmeta, 21 Dichromodes, 78 _diffusaria_, 67 dinodes, 132 dione, 14 disjungens, 15 _dissociata_, 67 _distans_, 99 Dodonidia, 112 _donovani_, 46 dotata, 24 _doubledayi_, 2 Drepanodes, 91 dryas, 43

egregia, 96 elegans, 33 Elvia, 46 _encausta_, 89 enysii (Chrysophanus), 117 enysii (Dasyuris), 69 " (Porina), 133 _ephyraria_, 91 Epirranthis, 79 Erana, 28 Erebia, 113 _erebinata_, 86 erichrysa, 4 _eriosoma_, 35 erippus, 102 Euchoeca, 51 euclidiata, 68 _eupitheciaria_, 67 Euploæ, 120 _exprompta_, 86 exsularis, 34 _extranea_, 13

falcata, 66 falcatella, 76 _felix_, 90 fenerata, 82 _feredayi_ (Declana), 96 _feredayi_ (Chrysophanus), 116 ferox, 74 _figlinaria_, 77 _fischeri_, 129 flexata, 90 floccosa, 96 fortinata, 93 _fragosata_, 84 _fuliginea_, 133 _fuscinata_, 48 _fusiplagiata_, 89

gallaria, 92 GEOMETRINA, _see_ NOTODONTINA, 38 glaucata, 46 _glyphicata_, 68 gobiata, 47 gonerilla, 105 Gonophylla, 90 graminosa, 28 griseata, 98 griseipennis, 9 gypsotis, 78

_haastaria_, 91 Hamadryas, 120 hectori (Dasyuris), 70 _hectori_ (Hepialus), 129 helias, 64 Heliothis, 32 helmsi, 112 hemipteraria, 80 hemizona, 48 HEPIALIDÆ, 128 Hepialus, 128 hermione, 98 _homomorpha_, 69 homoscia, 21 humeraria, 89 _humerata_, 41 humillima, 83 huttonii, 5 Hybernia, 87 Hydriomena, 46 HYDRIOMENIDÆ, 38 _Hypenides_, 34 Hypenodes, 34

Ichneutica, 14 immunis, 7 _impletus_, 133 _implexa_, 7 _inamænaria_, 57 _inceptura_, 9 _inclarata_, 47 _inclinataria_, 40 _inconspicua_, 31 _inconstans_, 9 indicataria, 44 _indistincta_, 85 indocilis, 88 inductata, 44 _infantaria_, 67 infensa, 23 _innocua_, 7 innominata, 31 _inoperata_, 67 _inopiata_, 47 insignis (Melanchra), 16 insignis (Notoreas), 71 _invexata_, 67 Ipana, 94 _iphigenia_, 104 itea, 107 isoleuca, 72 _juncicolor_, 12 junctilinea, 98 Junonia, 109

_kershawii_, 108

LASIOCAMPINA, 101 leptomera, 94 Leptomeris, 77 lestevata, 39 Leucania, 8 lichenodes, 44 lignana, 26 _lignifusca_, 18 _lignisecta_, 26 _lignosata_, 86 _lilacina_, 36 limonodes, 57 lithias, 17 lophogramma, 59 lucidata, 64 _lupinata_, 83 Lycæna, 119 LYCÆNIDÆ, 115 Lythria, 68

maculata, 44 mairi, 132 Mamestra, _see_ Melanchra, 15 _manxifera_, 95 _maori_, 22 _maoriata_, 86 margarita, 6 _maui_, 116 maya, 17 mechanitis, 72 megaspilata, 55 Melanchra, 15 _Melanchrides_, 8 melinata, 85 _menanaria_, 87 merope, 19 _merula_, 114 Metacrias, 4 micrastra, 12 MICROPTERYGIDÆ, 127 MICROPTERYGINA, 127 _mitis_, 27 Miselia, 6 _mistata_, 40 _mixtaria_, 80 mnesichola, 60 moderata, 9 MONOCTENIADÆ, 77 _monoliata_, 47 _morosa_, 26 muriferata, 91 _muscosata_, 41 mutans, 18

_nehata_, 55 nelsonaria, 90 nephelias, 61 nereis, 43 _nerina_, 104 _nervata_, 15 _niger_, 78 nigra, 78 _nigrosparsa_, 96 niphocrena, 74 niveata, 98 NOCTUINA, _see_ CARADRININA, 1 NOTODONTINA, 38 Notoreas, 71 _novæ-zealandiæ_, 134 nullifera, 9 Nyctemera, 2 NYMPHALIDÆ, 102

obarata, 66 _obtruncata_, 89 _obtusaria_, 89 _ochthistis_, 20 octans, 25 octias, 37 Oeceticus, 123 Oiketicus, 123 omichlias, 76 omicron, 22 _omnivora_, 123 omnivorus, 123 omoplaca, 23 _ondinata_, 52 ophiopa, 93 Orophora, 126 orophyla, 58 orphnæa, 71 Orthosia, 6 ORTHOSTIXIDÆ, 79 _otaheitæ_, 105 _othello_, 114 oxleyi, 119

Palæomicra, 128 _palthidata_, 92 panagrata, 87 _pannularia_, 86 PAPILIONINA, 101 paracausta, 15 paradelpha, 72 Paradetis, 40 parora, 56 partheniata, 70 _parvulata_, 45 _pastinaria_, 47 _patularia_, 86 pelistis, 19 pelurgata, 88 _perductata_, 47 perornata, 72 _perversata_, 47 pessota, 6 petrina, 78 _petropola_, 66 phaula, 11 phoebe, 119 phricias, 27 Phrissogonus, 45 Physetica, 8 pictula, 19 _plagifurcata_, 47 plena, 17 _plexippus_, 102 plinthina, 41 _plurilineata_, 52 _plurimata_, 64 Plusia, 34 PLUSIADÆ, 33 _Plusiades_, 34 _plusiata_, 7 pluto, 114 _Poliades_, 6 _polychroa_, 16 Porina, 132 porphyrias, 41 præfectata, 60 prasinias, 65 _primata_, 80 prionistis, 27 prionota, 47 productata, 84 propria, 11 _proserpina_, 104 proteastis, 20 _psamathodes_, 64 PSYCHIDÆ, 122 PSYCHINA, 122 pulchella, 3 pulchraria, 52 _punctilineata_, 67 _pungata_, 84 purpurea, 8 purpurifera, 49 purdii, 10 PYRALIDINA, 122 _pyramaria_, 61

_ranata_, 39 _rauparaha_, 116 rectilineata, 45 Rhapsa, 36 rhodopleura, 19 RHOPALOCERA, _see_ PAPILIONINA, 101 _rivularis_, 47 rixata, 49 rosearia, 57 rubescens, 25 rubraria, 77 rubropunctaria, 51 _rubroviridans_, 129 rufescens, 56 rudiata, 82 _rudisata_, 82