CHAPTER III.
ON THE OPEN SEA _page_ 377-389
1. Sight of the open sea.—2. Compelled to kill the dogs.—3. We take a last look at the ice.—4. Fifty miles from land.—5. We sight Novaya Zemlya.—6. We hold on our course.—7. Vain attempt to land on Novaya Zemlya.—8. Difference in the climate in various years.—9. Land in Gwosdarew Bay.—10. Step on land once more.—11. Coast of Novaya Zemlya.—12. Look in vain for a sail.—13. Our provisions nearly exhausted.—14. We divide the remnant of food.—15. Deliverance at last.—16. The schooner _Nikolai_.—17. Our reception on board.—18. We hear the news from Europe.—19. Captain Voronin agrees to take us to Norway.—20. The crew of the _Nikolai_.—21. We run along the coast of Lapland.—22. Landing at Vardö.—23. Reception.
APPENDIX.
I. METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS _page_ 391-393
II. DIRECTION AND FORCE OF THE WIND _page_ 394
INDEX _page_ 395
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
PAGE
TWILIGHT AT MIDDAY—FEBRUARY, 1874 _Frontispiece_
THE FIRST ICE 53
STILL LIFE IN THE FROZEN OCEAN 79
GWOSDAREW INLET 84
FORMATION OF THE DEPÔT AT “THE THREE COFFINS” 89
THE “TEGETTHOFF” AND “ISBJÖRN” SEPARATE 90
THE “TEGETTHOFF” FINALLY BESET 91
ATTEMPTS TO GET FREE IN SEPTEMBER 94
SEAL-HUNTING—SEPTEMBER 1872 96
SHOOTING AT A TARGET, OCTOBER 1872 97
PARHELIA ON THE COAST OF NOVAYA ZEMLYA 99
AN OCTOBER NIGHT IN THE ICE 105
THE MOON WITH ITS HALO 109
OUR COAL-HOUSE ON THE FLOE 111
THE TWILIGHT IN NOVEMBER 1872 115
SUMBU CHASED FOR A FOX 116
WANDERINGS ON THE ICE IN OUR FIRST WINTER 117
ENCOUNTER WITH A POLAR BEAR 120
ICE-HOLE COVERED WITH YOUNG ICE 121
CARLSEN MAKES THE ENTRY IN THE LOG 124
THE “TEGETTHOFF” IN THE FULL MOON 127
DIVINE SERVICE ON DECK 131
ICE-PRESSURE IN THE POLAR NIGHT 140
FRUITLESS ATTEMPT TO RESCUE MATOSCHKIN 145
SUNRISE (1873) 150
THE CARNIVAL ON THE ICE 152
THE “TEGETTHOFF” DRIFTING IN PACK-ICE—MARCH 1873 155
SOUNDING IN THE FROZEN OCEAN 171
APPROACHING THE LAND BY MOONLIGHT 183
DEPARTURE OF THE SUN IN THE SECOND WINTER 187
NOON ON DECEMBER 21, 1873 189
PEKEL, SUMBU, AND JUBINAL 193
IN THE MESS-ROOM 196
THE AURORA DURING THE ICE-PRESSURE 204
KRISCH, THE ENGINEER 215
TEAM OF SEVEN MEN AND THREE DOGS 224
THE COOKING APPARATUS 224
THE SLEDGE WITH ITS LOAD 229
THE DRESS OF THE ARCTIC SLEDGER 231
TOROSSY IN HARNESS 234
CAPE TEGETTHOFF 242
MELTING SNOW DURING A HALT NEAR CAPE BERGHAUS 244
ON THE SONKLAR-GLACIER 247
BLOCK OF SNOW 254
THE BURIAL OF KRISCH 256
LIPARIS GELATINOSUS 266
HIPPOLYTE PAYERI 268
HYALONEMA LONGISSIMUM 268
UMBELLULA 269
KORETHRASTES HISPIDUS 270
NEPHTHYS LONGISETOSA 270
THE DOGS DIFFER AS TO THE TREATMENT OF YOUNG BEARS 273
THE WINTER HOLE OF A BEAR 277
LIFE IN THE TENT 279
CAPE FRANKFURT, AUSTRIA SOUND, AND THE WÜLLERSDORF MOUNTAINS 280
HOW SUMBU WAS LOST 284
CAPE EASTER AND STERNEK SOUND 285
HOW WE RECEIVED BEARS. CAPE TYROL IN THE BACKGROUND 286
DINING ON BEARS’ FLESH 287
CUTTING UP THE BEARS 292
ICEBERGS AT THE BASE OF THE MIDDENDORF GLACIER 298
THE SLEDGE FALLS INTO A CREVASSE ON THE MIDDENDORF GLACIER 300
KLOTZ’S AMAZEMENT 302
THE ALARM OF THE HOHENLOHE PARTY 303
HALT UNDER CROWN-PRINCE RUDOLF’S LAND 305
CAPE AUK 307
CAPE SÄULEN 309
THE AUSTRIAN FLAG PLANTED AT CAPE FLIGELY 311
MELTING SNOW ON CAPE GERMANIA 315
ENCAMPING ON ONE OF THE COBURG ISLANDS 318
THE VIEW FROM CAPE TYROL. COLLINSON FIORD—WIENER NEUSTADT ISLAND 321
BREAKING IN 323
ARRIVAL BEFORE THE OPEN SEA 325
DRAGGING THE SLEDGE UNDER THE GLACIERS OF WILCZEK LAND 326
THE SLEDGE IN A SNOW-STORM 328
DIGGING OUT THE DEPÔT 329
THE MIDNIGHT SUN BETWEEN CAPE BERGHAUS AND KOLDEWEY ISLAND 331
THE “TEGETTHOFF” DESCRIED 332
KLOTZ 333
MARKHAM SOUND, RICHTHOFEN PEAK FROM CAPE BRÜNN 338
FIRST ABANDONMENT OF THE “TEGETTHOFF” 348
IN THE HARBOUR OF AULIS 352
WE LAUNCH AT LAST 355
MARCHING THROUGH ICE-HUMMOCKS 357
HALT AT NOON 358
CROSSING A FISSURE 359
CARLSEN 361
SCENE ON THE ICE 366
BEARS IN THE WATER 371
CALKING THE BOATS 374
FAREWELL TO THE FROZEN OCEAN 375
LANDING ON THE COAST OF NOVAYA ZEMLYA 380
THE BAY OF DUNES. THE RUSSIAN SCHOONERS 385
AUSTRIAN ARCTIC VOYAGES.
INTRODUCTION.