Part 20
Federation of Russian and Polish Hebrews in America 1822 Lexington Avenue, New York City
Federation of Ukrainian Jews in America 200 East Broadway, New York City
Hadassah 55 Fifth Avenue, New York City
Hai Resh Fraternity St. Joseph, Missouri
Histadrut Ibrith 55 Fifth Avenue, New York City
Hebrew Sheltering and Immigrant Aid Society of America 229-231 East Broadway, New York City
Hebrew Technical Institute for Boys 36 Stuyvesant Street, New York City
Hebrew Technical School for Girls Second Avenue and Fifteenth Street, New York City
Independent Order of B'nai B'rith 1228 Tribune Building, Chicago, Illinois
Independent Order of Brith Abraham 37 Seventh Avenue, New York City
Independent Order Brith Sholom 510-512 South Fifth Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Independent Order Free Sons of Israel 21 West 124th Street, New York City
Independent Western Star Order 1227 Blue Island Avenue, Chicago, Illinois
Independent Workmen's Circle of America, Inc. 9 Cambridge, Boston, Massachusetts
Industrial Removal Office 174 Second Avenue, New York City
Intercollegiate Menorah Associations 600 Madison Avenue, New York City
Intercollegiate Zionist Association of America 55 Fifth Avenue, New York City
Jewish Academicians of America 125 East Eighty-fifth Street, New York City
Jewish Agricultural and Industrial Aid Society 174 Second Avenue, New York City
Jewish Agricultural Experiment Station 356 Second Avenue, New York City
Jewish Central Relief Committee 51 Chambers Street, New York City
Jewish Chautauqua Society 1305 Stephen Girard Building 21 South Twelfth Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Jewish Consumptive Relief Association of California 207 South Broadway, Los Angeles, California
Jewish Consumptive Relief Society 510-512 Kittredge Building, Denver, Colorado
Jewish National Workers Alliance of America 89 Delancey Street, New York City
Jewish People's Relief Committee 175 East Broadway, New York City
Jewish Publication Society of America 1201 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Jewish Socialist Federation of America 175 East Broadway, New York City
Jewish Socialist Labor Poale Zion of America and Canada 266 Grand Street, New York City
Jewish Teachers Association Secretary: A. P. Schoolman 356 Second Avenue, New York City
Jewish Teachers' Seminary 252 East Broadway, New York City
Jewish Teachers' Training School of the Misrachi Organization 86 Orchard Street, New York City
Jewish Theological Seminary of America 531 West 123d Street, New York City
Jewish Welfare Board 149 Fifth Avenue, New York City
Joint Distribution Committee 20 Exchange Place, New York City
Kappa Nu Fraternity 2937 Schubert Avenue, Chicago, Illinois
National Association of Jewish Social Workers Secretary and Treasurer: M. M. Goldstein 356 Second Avenue, New York City
National Conference of Jewish Social Service 114 Fifth Avenue, New York City
National Desertion Bureau Secretary: Charles Zusser 356 Second Avenue, New York City
National Farm School 407 Mutual Life Building, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
National Federation of Temple Sisterhoods 62 Dutenhofer Building, Cincinnati, Ohio
National Jewish Hospital for Consumptives 3800 East Colfax Avenue, Denver, Colorado
National Jewish Immigration Council 18 Maiden Lane, New York City
National Union of Jewish Sheltering Societies 229-231 East Broadway, New York City
Order Brith Abraham 266 Grand Street, New York City
Order Knights of Joseph 311-312 Society for Savings Building Cleveland, Ohio
Order of Sons of Zion 55 Fifth Avenue, New York City
Order of the United Hebrew Brothers 189 Second Avenue, New York City
Pi Tau Pi Fraternity New Orleans, Louisiana
Progressive Order of the West 406-407-408 Frisco Building Ninth and Olive Streets, St. Louis, Missouri
Red Mogen David of America 201 Second Avenue, New York City
Sigma Alpha Mu Fraternity 277 Broadway, New York City
The Mizrachi Organization of America 86 Orchard Street, New York City
The Union of Orthodox Rabbis of the United States and Canada 121 Canal Street, New York City
The Workmen's Circle 175 East Broadway, New York City
Union of American Hebrew Congregations Cincinnati, Ohio
Union of Orthodox Jewish Congregations of America 125 East Eighty-fifth Street, New York City
United Order of True Sisters 317 West 139th Street, New York City
United Orthodox Rabbis of America 121 Canal Street, New York City
United Sons of Israel, Inc. 18 Boylston Street, Boston, Massachusetts
United Synagogue of America 531 West 123d Street, New York City
Women's League of the United Synagogue of America 531 West 123d Street, New York City
Young Judæa 55 Fifth Avenue, New York City
Z B T Fraternity 237 West Eighty-eighth Street, New York City
Zionist Organization of America 55 Fifth Avenue, New York City
Zionist Society of Engineers and Agriculturists 122 East Thirty-seventh Street, New York City
JUGOSLAV
Carniolian Slovene Catholic Union 1004 North Chicago Street, Joliet, Illinois
Croatian League of Illinois 2552 Wentworth Avenue, Chicago, Illinois
Croatian Union of the Pacific 560 Pacific Building, San Francisco, California
Jugoslav Benevolent Society "Unity" 408 Park Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Jugoslav Catholic Benevolent Union Ely, Minnesota
Jugoslav Republican Alliance 3637 West Twenty-sixth Street, Chicago, Illinois
Loyal Serb Society Srbadia 443 West Twenty-second Street, New York City
National Croatian Society 1012 Peralta Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Serbian Federation Sloboda 414 Bakewell Building, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Serbian Orthodox Federation Srbobran Sloga Twelfth and Carsons Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Slovene Benevolent Society 1064 East Sixty-second Street, Cleveland, Ohio
Slovene Catholic Benevolent Association 420 Seventh Street, Calumet, Michigan
Slovene Croatian Union Fifth South Borgo Block, Calumet, Michigan
Slovene Free Thinkers Association 1541 West Eighteenth Street, Brooklyn, New York
Slovene Workingmen's Benevolent Association 634 Main Street, Johnstown, Pennsylvania
*Slovenic Benevolent Society "St. Barbara" Forest City, Pennsylvania
Slovenic National Benefit Society 2657 S. Lawndale Avenue, Chicago, Illinois
Southern Slav Socialistic League 3639 West Twenty-sixth Street, Chicago, Illinois
The Holy Family Society 1006 North Chicago Street, Joliet, Illinois
Western Slav Society 4822 Washington Street, Denver, Colorado
Young National Croatian Society President: Mark Smiljanich 2857 South Ridgeway Avenue, Chicago, Illinois
LITHUANIAN
American-Lithuanian Catholic Press Association Secretary: Rev. V. Kulikauskas 2327 West Twenty-third Place, Chicago, Illinois
Auxiliary of Lithuanian Red Cross Secretary: Rev. Petraitis 147 Montgomery Avenue, Paterson, New Jersey
Knights of Lithuania Secretary: Vincas Ruk[vs]telis 3249 South Halsted Street, Chicago, Illinois
Lithuanian Alliance of America Secretary: Miss P. Jurgeliute 307 West Thirtieth Street, New York City
Lithuanian National Fund Secretary: J. Kru[vs]inskas 222 South Ninth Street, Brooklyn, New York
Lithuanian Patriot Society Secretary: J. Sekys 101 Oak Street, Lawrence, Massachusetts
Lithuanian Roman Catholic Alliance of America Secretary: J. Tumasonis 222 South Ninth Street, Brooklyn, New York
Lithuanian Roman Catholic Charitable Association Secretary: John Purtokas 4441 South Washenaw Avenue, Chicago, Illinois
Lithuanian Roman Catholic Federation of America Secretary: J. Valantiejus 222 South Ninth Street, Brooklyn, New York
Lithuanian Roman Catholic Women's Alliance of America President: Mrs. M. Vaiciuniene 442 Leonard Street, N. W., Grand Rapids, Michigan
Lithuanian Total Abstinence Association Secretary: Vincent Ba[vc]ys 41 Providence Street, Worcester, Massachusetts
St. Joseph's Lith. Roman Catholic Association of Labor Secretary: A. F. Kneizis 366 West Broadway, South Boston, Massachusetts
The People's University Secretary: Dr. A. L. Graiciunas 3310 South Halsted Street, Chicago, Illinois
NORWEGIAN
Knights of the White Cross Care of Nora Lodge 1733 North Kedvale Avenue, Chicago, Illinois
Sons of Norway Secretary: L. Stavnheim New York Life Building, Minneapolis, Minnesota
POLISH
Association of Polish Women of the United States General Secretary: Mrs. L. H. Dziewczynska 6723 Fleet Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio
Polish Alliance of New Jersey General Secretary: J. Wegrocki 84 Tyler Street, Newark, New Jersey
Polish Falcons Alliance of America General Secretary: K. J. Machnikowski Cor. South Twelfth and Carson Streets, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Polish Military Alliance of the United States of America General Secretary: P. Balecki 450 Pacific Avenue, Jersey City, New Jersey
*Polish National Alliance of Brooklyn General Secretary: V. G. Nowak 142 Grand Street, Brooklyn, New York
Polish National Alliance of the United States of North America General Secretary: J. S. Zawilinski 1406-08 West Division Street, Chicago, Illinois
Polish Roman-Catholic Alliance General Secretary: J. Grams 6924 Worley Street, Cleveland, Ohio
Polish Roman-Catholic Association General Secretary: L. F. Szymanski 755 Twenty-third Street, Detroit, Michigan
*Polish Roman-Catholic Benevolent Association of Bay City General Secretary: J. Lepczyk 1112 Fifteenth Street, Bay City, Michigan
Polish Roman-Catholic Union 984 Milwaukee Avenue, Chicago, Illinois
Polish Socialists Alliance of America General Secretary: R. Mazurkiewica 959 Milwaukee Avenue, Chicago, Illinois
Polish Women's Alliance of America General Secretary: Mrs. J. Andrzejewska 1309-15 North Ashland Avenue, Chicago, Illinois
Polish Union General Secretary: J. Dembiec Room 824, Miners Bank Building, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania
Polish Union of America General Secretary: F. Zandrowicz 761-765 Fillmore Avenue, Buffalo, New York
Human Catholic Alliance of America General Secretary: W. Gola 59 Fourth Street, Passaic, New Jersey
The Polish Roman-Catholic St. Joseph Union General Secretary: A. Kazmierski 2813 Nineteenth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
RUSSIAN
League of Russian Clergy 43 Reed Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
North American Ecclesiastical Consistory Archbishop Alexander 15 East Ninety-seventh Street, New York City
Russian Brotherhood Organization of U. S. A. P. O. Box 475, Olyphant, Pennsylvania
Russian Collegiate Institute 219 Second Avenue, New York City
Russian Independent Orthodox Brotherhoods 34 Vine Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Russian Independent Society 917 North Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois
Russian National Organization P. O. Box 2066, Bridgeport, Connecticut
Russian National Society 5 Columbus Circle, New York City
Russian Orthodox Catholic Mutual Aid Society 84 Market Street, East, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania
Russian Peasants' Union 324 East Fourteenth Street, New York City
Russian Society "Nauka" 222 East Tenth Street, New York City
*Union of Russian Citizens 1522 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Women's Russian Orthodox Mutual Aid Society P. O. Box 512, Coaldale, Pennsylvania
SLOVAK
Catholic Slovak Sokol Secretary: Michael Kudlac 205 Madison Street, Passaic, New Jersey
First Catholic Slovak Ladies' Union of the United States President: Mrs. Frantiska Jakaboin 600 South Seventh Street, Reading, Pennsylvania
National Slovak Society in United States of America Secretary: Joseph Duris P. O. Box 593, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Slovak Gymnastic Union of Sokols Secretary: Frank Stas 283 Oak Street, Perth Amboy, New Jersey
Slovak Protestant Union President: Jan Bibza 409 South Second Street, N. S., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Tatran Slovak Union President: Samuel Vrablik 2519 South Ridgeway Avenue, Chicago, Illinois
The First Catholic Slovak Union President: Andrej H. Dorko Marblehead, Ohio
Zivena, Benefit Society of Slovak Christian Women of the United States of America President: Mrs. C. E. Vavrek 3 Stark Street, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania
SWEDISH
American Society of Swedish Engineers Secretary: N. V. Hansell 271 Hicks Street, Brooklyn, New York
Scandinavian Fraternity of America P. O. Box 184, Spokane, Washington (Membership consists of Norwegians, Danes, and Swedes)
The American Union of Swedish Singers President: Hjalmar Nilsson State Capitol, St. Paul, Minnesota
The Order of Vasa President: Carl Festin 610 East Seventy-fifth Street, Chicago, Illinois
*United Swedish Societies of Greater New York President: John Olin Anderson's Assembly Rooms, Sixteenth Street and Third Avenue, New York City (Consists of two delegates from each local society)
UKRAINIAN
Providence Association, Inc. President: Eugene Yakubovich 827 North Franklin Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
The Ukrainian Federation of the United States, Inc. President: Miroslav Sichinsky 166 Avenue A, New York City
Ukrainian Mutual Aid Society, Inc. President: M. Porada 3357 West Carson Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Ukrainian National Association, Inc. President: Simon Yadlowsky 83 Grand Street, Jersey City, New Jersey
Ukrainian National Committee President: V. B. Lotozky 30 East Seventh Street, New York City
Ukrainian Women's Alliance President: Mrs. C. Zubrich 932 North Okley Boulevard, Chicago, Illinois
Ukrainian Workingmen's Association, Inc. President: George Kraykiwsky 524 Olive Street, Scranton, Pennsylvania
Union of Brotherhoods President: George Hylak 107 Grant Street, Olyphant, Pennsylvania
MENUS
The following menus have been obtained from housewives who were glad to share in an effort toward better understanding between foreign-born groups and agencies either of adjustment or for case work. This small body of material is illustrative of the kind of information that is easily available to the agency and that would illumine the treatment of the families under care.
The menus given are those actually used by housewives of different nationalities during the periods indicated. A list of recipes will be found in another volume of this Study.[82]
BOHEMIAN
These menus were given by a Bohemian woman whose methods of cooking have changed very little in America. She has learned new ways of preserving vegetables and fruits, but uses those methods only when they seem to her more inexpensive than her earlier practices. In other respects the diet is said to be typical of the diet of a Bohemian family of moderate income in Moravia.
BREAKFAST
Oatmeal with milk. Coffee, bread with butter or jelly.
There is always fruit in the house and the child of five is given bread and jelly at ten o'clock in the morning.
LUNCH
Usually a meatless soup is served for lunch, or a simple dish of rice or vegetables. Eggs cooked in various ways, milk, bread, butter, and jelly, and baked porridge called "kashe" made from farina, rice or millet, cooked with milk and sugar and butter, are also used at lunch.
DINNER
The dinner menus do not vary much. Soup made from meat stock is eaten every week day except Wednesday, when there is roast meat and no soup. On Sunday both soup and a roast are served. The meat from the soup is served with a variety of sauces and gravies. Dumplings are used often when Americans would serve potatoes. Rice and noodles are also used instead of potatoes. Such vegetables as beans, spinach, carrots, cabbage, kohl-rabi, sauerkraut, and salads are sometimes eaten with the meat instead of the sauce with dumplings. The following are typical menus:
Soup. Meat with sauce and dumplings. Apple sauce or preserves. Coffee. Bread and butter.
Soup. Meat with sauce and potatoes. Stewed fruit. Coffee with homemade raised tarts.
Soup. Meat, beans, sauerkraut. Apple sauce. Coffee. Bread and butter.
CROATIAN
The following menus represent the diet of a Croatian family of moderate income. The family came from a village near Zara, and the influence of the Italian customs upon the food habits of the Dalmatians is indicated in the use of polenta.
August 6, 1919:
BREAKFAST--5 A.M.
One cup of coffee with one or two slices of bread. Coffee is made very strong, the cup filled two thirds full of hot milk; the coffee and some cream added.
SECOND BREAKFAST--9 A.M.
A soft-boiled egg, with bread. One cup of coffee.
The custom of having a second breakfast is Croatian. In this family it has been possible to keep it up in this country because the hours for a street-car conductor can be arranged to allow it.
DINNER--12.30 P.M.
Beef soup with dumplings. Soup meat with sauce. Mashed potatoes (browned). Bread. Coffee.
SUPPER--7 P.M.
Soup with rice (from same stock as was used at noon). Cabbage. Bread. Coffee. Fruit.
August 7, 1919:
BREAKFAST
Early breakfast is always the same. The second breakfast varies little; sometimes bread and cheese or bread and meat sandwiches are eaten instead of the soft-boiled eggs.
DINNER
Goulash. Polenta. Lettuce salad. Coffee.
SUPPER
Spaghetti with tomato sauce. Celery. Bread. Coffee.
ITALIAN (Sicilian)
The following menus represent the diet of a Sicilian family from Palermo. They have been in America over twenty years, but their diet has changed little. There are ten persons in the family--the mother and two unmarried daughters, a married daughter, her husband and four children. The children are seven, five, and three years, and ten months. Food for the children is prepared separately. For breakfast they have cereal, milk, bread, and stewed fruit; for lunch, rice or potato, bread, milk, and the green vegetables cooked for the family if not cooked with tomato sauce. For supper the children have bread and milk. It is not common in Italian families to make so much difference in the diet for children; they are usually fed on the highly seasoned dishes the family eat, but in this family the mother prepared special food for her children, and her daughter is doing the same and planning their diet even more carefully.
Summer menus:
Monday, August 11, 1919:
BREAKFAST
Coffee or chocolate. Toast. Italian cookies. For children, bread and milk or oatmeal and milk.
The coffee is made strong, but is served with hot milk--the cup half or two thirds filled with milk before coffee is poured in. Very often nothing is eaten with the coffee.
LUNCHEON--Noon
Cold sliced meat (left from Sunday). Tomato and lettuce salad. Bread. Fruit.
DINNER
Spaghetti with tomato sauce. Stuffed peppers. Bread. Fruit.
Tuesday, August 12, 1919:
BREAKFAST
Same every morning.
LUNCHEON
Stew made of long, slender squash, potatoes, onions. Bread. Fruit.
DINNER
Broiled veal. Fried potatoes. Fresh tomatoes with French dressing. Boiled string beans. Bread. Fruit.
Wednesday, August 13, 1919:
LUNCHEON
Boiled greens with olive oil. Fresh tomatoes. Bread. Cheese. Fruit.
DINNER
Macaroni with peas. Diced potatoes with tomato sauce. Breaded asparagus. Fruit.
Thursday, August 14, 1919:
LUNCHEON
Breaded fried liver. Sauce for meat made of vinegar, sugar, chopped orange rind, and bay leaves. Boiled greens with olive oil. Bread. Fruit.
DINNER
Macaroni à la Milanese Sauce of finocchi, bread crumbs, anchovi. Potato cakes. Fruit.
Friday, August 15, 1919:
LUNCHEON
Egg tamale. String beans, French dressing. Bread. Fruit.
DINNER
Fried fish. Fresh tomatoes. Cucumbers. Bread. Fruit.
Saturday, August 16, 1919:
LUNCHEON
Potatoes and eggs. Greens with vinegar. Bread. Fruit.
DINNER
Broiled steak. Corn. Potatoes. Salad. Bread. Fruit.
Sunday, August 17, 1919:
BREAKFAST
Coffee. Italian pastry.
DINNER
Homemade macaroni with tomato sauce. Veal pot roast. Corn. Eggplant. Bread. Fruit salad.
The menus given are typical of the diet during the summer. A great variety of vegetables is used.
Winter menus:
Monday:
BREAKFAST
Coffee or chocolate. Bread, toast, or Italian cookies.
LUNCHEON
Stew of spinach, lentils, and onions. Baked apples. Bread. Coffee.
DINNER
Macaroni with tomato sauce. Meat (left over from Sunday). Bread. Coffee or wine.
Tuesday:
Breakfast is always the same.
LUNCHEON
Egg tamale (egg, cheese, and bacon). Baked potatoes. Bread. Fruit.
DINNER
Soup with macaroni. Meat with vegetables, potatoes, carrots, cabbage, onions, etc. Bread. Fruit.
Wednesday:
LUNCHEON
Salmon, lemon juice. Spinach with olive oil. Bread. Fruit.
DINNER
Macaroni with navy beans. Fried eggplant, with tomato sauce and cheese. Bread. Fruit.
Thursday:
LUNCHEON
Soft-boiled eggs. Fried green tomatoes. Bread. Baked apples.
DINNER
Breaded pork chops. Potatoes. Spinach. Fruit Salad. Bread.
Friday:
LUNCHEON
Egg omelet. Chocolate. Bread. Stewed fruit.
DINNER
Fish with tomato sauce. Stuffed green peppers. Bread. Fruit.
Saturday:
LUNCHEON
Broiled liver. Lettuce salad. Bread. Fruit.
DINNER
Lima beans with celery, onions, and tomatoes. Stuffed artichokes. Bread. Coffee. Fruit.
Sunday:
BREAKFAST
Coffee and Italian fried cakes.
DINNER
Macaroni with tomato sauce and chopped meat. Pot roast. Peas. Ice cream.
SUPPER
Rice cooked in milk with egg. Cake. Coffee.
SLOVENIAN
Menus given by a Slovenian woman show the diet of a family of moderate income whose food habits have not been modified in America. Certain European customs are observed; no desserts are served, and no baking powder is used. Sweet cookies, raised with yeast, and fresh fruit, are given to children who are allowed candy, so that they may not feel deprived of sweets when they see other children eating candy at school. The older children have learned to prepare new "American" dishes at school, but these are not used at home, as the whole family prefer the Slovenian diet.
BREAKFAST
Coffee, bread and butter. (Breakfast is always the same.)
10 A.M.
An egg, a sandwich, or a cup of milk for parents. Fruit for children.
LUNCH
1. Rice cooked with mushrooms, celery, onions, and spice. In cold weather fifteen cents' worth of pork is cooked with the rice. Water with fruit juice to drink, or the water from cooked fruit.
2. Buckwheat cakes, eaten with cooked dried fruit or jelly.
3. Barley and beans cooked together. Colored beans are used, and must be tried to see whether they will cook in the same time as the barley. Olive oil, bacon or sausage, and a little garlic are added.
4. Millet (kasa) cooked in milk with sugar, then baked in the oven fifteen minutes and served with milk.
5. French toast.