Chapter 2

250. Vulpes Bengalensis (_Indian Fox_) 243 251. " leucopus (_Desert Fox_) 244 252. " ferrilatus (_Thibetan Grey Fox_) 245 253. " montanus (_Hill Fox_) 245 254. " pusillus (_Punjab Fox_) 245 255. " flavescens (_Persian Fox_) 246 256. " Griffithii (_Afghanistan Fox_) 246

MARINE CARNIVORA 246

ORDER CETACEA--THE WHALES 247

Denticete--The Toothed Whales 248

FAMILY DELPHINIDAE--THE DOLPHINS OR PORPOISES 250

Genus Platanista--The River Dolphins--

257. Platanista Gangetica (_Gangetic Porpoise_) 251

Genus Orcella--The Round-headed River Dolphins--

258. Orcella brevirostris (_Short-nosed Round-headed River Dolphin_) 255 259. " fluminalis (_Fresh-water Round-headed Dolphin_) 255

Genus Delphinus--The Marine Dolphins--

260. Delphinus perniger (_Black Dolphin_) 258 261. " plumbeus (_Lead-coloured Dolphin_) 258 262. " gadamu 258 263. " lentiginosus (_Freckled Dolphin_) 259 264. " maculiventer (_Spot-bellied Dolphin_) 259 265. " fusiformis (_Spindle-shaped Dolphin_) 259 266. " pomeegra (_Black or Pomeegra Dolphin_) 260 267. " longirostris (_Long-snouted Dolphin_) 260 268. " velox 260

Genus Phocaena--The Porpoises 260

Genus Globicephalus--The Ca'ing or Pilot Whale--

269. Globicephalus Indicus (_Indian Ca'ing Whale_) 261

PHYSETERIDAE--THE CACHELOTS OR SPERM WHALES 261

Genus Euphysetes--

270. Physeter _or_ Euphysetes simus (_Snub-nosed Cachelot_) 261

MYSTICETE--WHALEBONE OR BALEEN WHALES 262

Genus Balaena--The Right Whales 262

Genus Balaenoptera--Finback Whales or Rorquals--

271. Balaenoptera Indica (_Indian Rorqual_) 264

SIRENIA--THE MANATEES 267

Genus Halicore--The Dugong--

272. Halicore dugong (_Dugong_) 268

ORDER RODENTIA--THE GNAWERS 269

SUB-ORDER SIMPLICIDENTATA--SIMPLE-TOOTHED RODENTS 272

SCIUROMORPHA 273

SCIURIDAE--THE SQUIRRELS 274

Genus Sciurus--

273. Sciurus Indicus (_Bombay Squirrel of Pennant_) 276 274. " maximus (_Central Indian Red Squirrel_) 277 275. " macrourus (_Long-tailed Forest Squirrel_) 278 276. " giganteus (_Black Hill Squirrel_) 279 277. " lokriah (_Orange-bellied Grey Squirrel_) 280 278. " lokroides (_Hoary-bellied Grey Squirrel_) 280 279. " pygerythrus 282 280. " caniceps (_Golden-backed Squirrel_) 282 281. " Phayrei (_Laterally-banded or Phayre's Squirrel_) 282 282. " Blanfordii (_Blanford's Squirrel_) 283 283. " atrodorsalis (_Black-backed Squirrel_) 284 284. " erythraeus (_Assam Red-bellied Squirrel_) 285 285. " Gordoni (_Gordon's Squirrel_) 285 286. " hippurus (_Chestnut-bellied Assam Squirrel_) 285 287. " Sladeni (_Sladen's Squirrel_) 286 288. " ferrugineus (_Rusty-coloured Squirrel_) 287 289. " palmarum (_Common Indian Ground Squirrel_) 287 290. " tristriatus (_Three-striped Ground-Squirrel_) 289 291. " Layardi (_Layard's Striped Ground-Squirrel_) 289 292. " sublineatus (_Dusky-striped Ground-Squirrel_) 290 293. " McClellandi (_McClelland's Ground-Squirrel_) 290 294. " Berdmorei (_Berdmore's Ground-Squirrel_) 291 295. " quinquestriatus (_Stripe-bellied Squirrel_) 291 296. " (Rhinosciurus) tupaoides (_Long-nosed Squirrel_) 292

Genus Pteromys--

297. Pteromys oral (_Brown Flying Squirrel_) 294 298. " cineraceus (_Ashy Flying Squirrel_) 296 299· " Yunnanensis (_Yunnan Flying Squirrel_) 296 300. " melanopterus (_Black-flanked Flying Squirrel_) 297 301. " alborufus (_Red and White Flying Squirrel_) 297 302. " magnificus (_Red-bellied Flying Squirrel_) 298 303. " albiventer (_White-bellied Flying Squirrel_) 299 304. " caniceps (_Grey-headed Flying Squirrel_) 299 305. " Pearsonii (_Hairy-footed Flying Squirrel_) 300 306. " fuscocapillus (_Small Travancore Flying Squirrel_) 300 307. " fimbriatus (_Grey Flying Squirrel_) 301 308. " alboniger (_Black and White Flying Squirrel_) 301 309. " spadiceus (_Red Flying Squirrel_) 302

ARCTOMYDINAE--THE MARMOTS 302

Genus Arctomys--

310. Arctomys bobac (_Bobac, or Poland Marmot_) 303 311. " caudatus (_Red Marmot_) 304 312. " Hemachalanus (_Eastern Red Marmot_) 305 313. " aureus (_Golden Marmot_) 305 314. " dichrous 306 315. " robustus 306

MYOMORPHA--MOUSE-LIKE RODENTS 306

FAMILY MURIDAE 307

Genus Platacanthomys--

316. Platacanthomys lasiurus (_Long-tailed Spiny Mouse_) 308

SUB-FAMILY GERBILLINAE 309

Genus Gerbillus--

317. Gerbillus Indicus (_Indian Jerboa-Rat, or Kangaroo-Rat_) 309 318. " Hurrianae (_Desert Jerboa-Rat_) 311 319. " cryptorhinus (_Lobe-nosed Jerboa-Rat_) 312 320. " erythrurus (_Red-tailed Jerboa-Rat_) 313 321. " nanus (_Dwarf Jerboa-Rat_) 313

SUB-FAMILY PHLOEMYINAE 314

Genus Nesokia--

322. Nesokia Hardwickii (_Hardwick's Field-Rat_) 315 323. " Huttoni (_Hutton's Field-Rat_) 315 324. " Scullyi (_Scully's Field-Rat_) 315 325. " providens (_Southern India Field-Rat_) 316 326. " Blythiana (_Bengal Field-Rat_) 317 327. " Barclayiana (_Barclay's Field-Rat_) 318 328. Mus (Nesokia) Elliotanus (_Elliot's Field-Rat_) 318 329. " " giganteus (_Bandicoot_) 319

SUB-FAMILY CRICETINAE 320

Genus Cricetus--The Hamsters--

330. Cricetus phaeus (_Persian Hamster_) 321 331. " fulvus (_Sandy Hamster_) 321

SUB-FAMILY MURINAE 321

Genus Mus--

332. Mus rattus (_Black Rat_) 322 333. " decumanus (_Brown Rat_) 323 334. " Andamanensis (_Andaman Rat_) 325 335. " robustulus (_Burmese Common Rat_) 325 336. " Sladeni (_Sladen's Rat_) 326 337. " rubricosa (_Small Red Rat of the Kakhyen Hills_) 326 338. " Yunnanensis (_Common House Rat of Yunnan_) 327 339. " infralineatus (_Striped-bellied Rat_) 327 340. " brunneus (_Tree Rat_) 327 341. " rufescens (_Rufescent Tree Rat_) 328 342. " niveiventer (_White-bellied House Rat_) 329 343. " nitidus (_Shining Brown Rat_) 329 344. " caudatior (_Chestnut Rat_) 329 345. " concolor (_Common Thatch Rat of Pegu_) 330 346. " palmarum (_Nicobar Tree Rat_) 330 347. " Ceylonus 330 348. " plurimammis 331 349. " aequicaudalis 331 350. " oleraceus (_Long-tailed Tree Mouse_) 331 351. " Nilagiricus (_Neilgherry Tree Mouse_) 332 352. " badius (_Bay Tree Mouse_) 332 353. " gliroides (_Cherrapoonjee Tree Mouse_) 333 354. " Peguensis (_Pegu Tree Mouse_) 333 355. " urbanus (_Common Indian Mouse_) 333 356. " homourus 335 357. " Darjeelingensis 335 358. " Tytleri 335 359. " bactrianus 335 360. " crassipes (_Large-footed Mouse_) 337 361. " sublimis 337 362. " pachycercus 337 363. " erythronotus 337 364. " cervicolor (_Fawn-coloured Field Mouse_) 338 365. " terricolor (_Earth-coloured Field Mouse_) 338 366. " Peguensis (_Pegu Field Mouse_) 338 367. " nitidulus (_Shiny Little House Mouse of Pegu_) 338 368. " Beaveni (_Beaven's Mouse_) 339 369. " cunicularis (_Little Rabbit-Mouse_) 339 370. " erythrotis (_Cherrapunji Red-eared Mouse_) 339 371. " fulvidiventris 340 372. " Kakhyenensis (_Kakhyen Mouse_) 340 373. " viculorum (_Kakhyen House Mouse_) 340

Genus Leggada--

374. Leggada platythrix (_Brown Spiny Mouse_) 341 375. " spinulosa (_Dusky Spiny Mouse_) 342 376. " Jerdoni (_Himalayan Spiny Mouse_) 342 377. " lepida (_Small Spiny Mouse_) 342

Genus Golunda--

378. Golunda Ellioti (_Bush Rat or Coffee Rat_) 343 379. " meltada (_Soft-furred Bush Rat_) 344

Genus Hapalomys--

380. Hapalomys longicaudatus 345 381. Mus ouang-thomae (_Kiangsi Rat_) 346 382. " flavipectus (_Yellow-breasted Rat_) 346 383. " griseipectus (_Grey-breasted Rat_) 346 384. " Confucianus 347 385. " Chevrieri 347 386. " pygmaeus (_Pigmy Mouse_) 347

ARVICOLINAE 347

Genus Arvicola--

387. Arvicola Stoliczkanus (_Yarkand Vole_) 349 388. " Stracheyi (_Kumaon Vole_) 349 389. " Wynnei (_Murree Vole_) 350 390. " Roylei (_Cashmere Vole_) 350 391. " Blanfordi (_Gilgit Vole_) 350 392. " Blythii 351 393. " mandarinus (_Afghan Vole_) 351 394. " Sikimensis (_Sikim Vole_) 351 395. " melanogaster 352

FAMILY SPALACIDAE 352

Genus Rhizomys--The Bamboo-Rat--

396. Rhizomys badius (_Chestnut Bamboo-Rat_) 353 397. " erythrogenys (_Red-cheeked Bamboo-Rat_) 354 398. " pruinosus (_Hoary Bamboo-Rat_) 354 399. " minor (_Small Bamboo-Rat_) 354

FAMILY DIPODIDAE 355

Genus Dipus--The Jerboas--

400. Dipus lagopus (_Yarkand Jerboa_) 357

Genus Alactaga--

401. Alactaga Indica 358

HYSTRICOMORPHA--PORCUPINE-LIKE RODENTS 359

FAMILY HYSTRICIDAE--THE PORCUPINES 360

SUB-FAMILY HYSTRICINAE--THE TRUE PORCUPINES 360

Genus Atherura--The Long-tailed Porcupine--

402. Atherura fasciculata (_Brush-tailed Porcupine_) 361

Genus Hystrix--The Porcupine--

403. Hystrix leucura (_White-tailed Indian Porcupine_) 362 404. " Bengalensis (_Bengal Porcupine_) 365 405. " (Acanthion) longicauda (_Crestless Porcupine_) 366 406. " Yunnanensis 366

SUB-ORDER DUPLICIDENTATA--DOUBLE-TOOTHED RODENTS 367

FAMILY LEPORIDAE--THE HARES 368

Genus Lepus--

407. Lepus ruficaudatus (_Common Indian Red-tailed Hare_) 369 408. " nigricollis (_Black-naped Hare_) 369 409. " Peguensis (_Pegu Hare_) 370 410. " hypsibius (_Mountain Hare_) 370 411. " pallipes (_Pale-footed Hare_) 370 412. " Tibetanus (_Thibet Hare_) 371 413. " Yarkandensis (_Yarkand Hare_) 371 414. " Pamirensis (_Pamir Hare_) 372 415. " Stoliczkanus (_Stoliczka's Hare_) 372 416. " craspedotis (_Large-eared Hare_) 372 417. " hispidus (_Hispid Hare_) 373

FAMILY LAGOMYIDAE--THE PIKAS, OR MOUSE-HARES 373

Genus Lagomys--

418. Lagomys Roylei (_Royle's Pika_) 374 419. " Curzoniae (_Curzon's Pika_) 374 420. " Ladacensis (_Ladak Pika_) 374 421. " auritus (_Large-eared Pika_) 375 422. " macrotis 375 423. " griseus (_Grey Pika_) 375 424. " rufescens (_Red Pika_) 376

ORDER PROBOSCIDEA 377

Genus Elephas--The Elephant--

425. Elephas Indicus (_Indian or Asiatic Elephant_) 389

ORDER UNGULATA 397

SUB-ORDER PERISSODACTYLA 397

FAMILY EQUIDAE--THE HORSE 398

Genus Equus--

426. Equus onager (_Wild Ass of Kutch_) 399 427. " hemionus (_Kiang or Wild Ass of Thibet_) 401

FAMILY TAPIRIDAE--THE TAPIR 403

Genus Tapirus--

428. Tapirus Malayanus (_Malay Tapir_) 404

FAMILY RHINOCEROTIDAE 405

Genus Rhinoceros--

429. Rhinoceros Indicus 407 430. " Sondaicus (_Javan Rhinoceros_) 410

Genus Ceratorhinus--

431. Rhinoceros _vel_ Ceratorhinus (Crossi?) lasiotis (_Ear-fringed Rhinoceros_) 411 432. Rhinoceros _vel_ Ceratorhinus Sumatrensis (_Sumatran Rhinoceros_) 412

SUB-ORDER ARTIODACTYLA 413

FAMILY SUIDAE--THE HOGS 414

Genus Sus--

433. Sus scrofa (_European Wild Boar_) 415 434. " Indicus (_Indian Boar_) 416 435. " Andamanensis (_Andaman Island Pig_) 420 436. " Moupinensis 420

Genus Porcula--

437. Porcula Salvania (_Pigmy Hog of the Saul Forests_) 421

RUMINANTIA--THE RUMINANTS 422

FAMILY BOVIDAE--HOLLOW-HORNED RUMINANTS 424

SUB-FAMILY CAPRINAE--GOATS AND SHEEP 424

Genus Ovis--The Sheep--

438. Ovis Polii (_Marco Polo's Sheep_) 424 439. " Hodgsoni (_Argali or Ovis Ammon of Thibet_) 427 440. " Karelini (_Karelin's Wild Sheep_) 430 441. " Brookei (_Brooke's Wild Sheep_) 434 442. " Vignei (_Vigne's Wild Sheep_) 435 443. " cycloceros (_Punjab Wild Sheep_) 435 444. " Blanfordii (_Blanford's Wild Sheep_) 437 445. " nahura _vel_ burhel (_Blue Wild Sheep_) 438

Genus Capra--The Goats--

446. Capra megaceros (_Markhor_) 441 447. " Sibirica (_Himalayan Ibex_) 444 448. " aegagrus (_Wild Goat of Asia Minor_) 446

Sub-genus Hemitragus--

449. Capra _vel_ Hemitragus Jemlaicus (_Tahr_) 449 450. " " " hylocrius (_Neilgherry Wild Goat, or Ibex of Madras Sportsmen_) 451

THE GOAT ANTELOPES, OR CAPRICORNS 454

Genus Nemorhoedus--

451. Nemorhoedus bubalina (_Serow, or Forest Goat_) 454 452. " rubida _vel_ Sumatrensis (_Arakanese Capricorn_) 456 453. " Edwardsii (_Thibetan Capricorn_) 457 454. " goral (_Small Himalayan Capricorn_) 457

Genus Budorcas--

455. Budorcas taxicolor (_Takin_) 460

Genus Gazella--The Gazelles--

456. Gazella Bennetti (_Indian Gazelle_) 463 457. " fuscifrons (_Baluchistan Gazelle_) 465 458. " subgutterosa (_Persian Gazelle_) 466 459. " picticaudata (_Thibetan Gazelle_) 467

Genus Pantholops--

460. Pantholops Hodgsonii (_Chiru_) 469

Genus Antelope (restricted)--

461. Antelope bezoartica (_Indian Antelope_) 472

Genus Portax--The Nylgao--

462. Portax pictus _vel_ tragocamelus (_Nylgao or Blue Bull_) 476

Genus Tetraceros--

463. Tetraceros quadricornis (_Four-horned Antelope_) 479

BOVINAE--CATTLE 480

Genus Gavaeus--

464. Gavaeus gaurus (_Gaur, popularly called Bison_) 481 465. " frontalis (_Mithun or Gayal_) 486 466. " Sondaicus (_Burmese Wild Ox_) 488

Genus Poephagus--The Yak--

467. Poephagus grunniens (_Yak or Grunting Ox_) 489

Genus Bubalus--The Buffalos--

468. Bubalus arni (_Wild Buffalo_) 490

Genus Moschus--The Musk Deer--

469. Moschus moschiferus (_Musk Deer_) 494

CERVIDAE--THE DEER 495

Genus Cervulus--The Muntjacs or Rib-faced Deer--

470. Cervulus muntjac _vel_ aureus (_Muntjac or Rib-faced Deer_) 500

Genus Rusa--The Rusine Deer--

471. Rusa Aristotelis (_Sambar_) 503

Genus Axis--

472. Axis maculatus (_Spotted Deer_) 506 473. " porcinus (_Hog Deer_) 508

Genus Rucervus--

474. Rucervus Duvaucelli (_Swamp-Deer_) 510 475. " _vel_ Panolia Eldii (_Brown Antlered or Eld's Deer_) 511

Genus Cervus--

476. Cervus Cashmirianus (_Kashmir Stag_) 512 477. " affinis _vel_ Wallichii (_Sikhim Stag_) 514

TRAGULIDAE--THE CHEVROTIANS OR DEERLETS 515

Genus Tragulus--

478. Tragulus napu (_Javan Deerlet_) 516

Genus Meminna--

479. Meminna Indica (_Indian Mouse Deer_) 516

TRIBE TYLOPODA--THE CAMELS 518

ORDER EDENTATA 519

Genus Manis--

480. Manis pentadactyla _or_ brachyura (_Five-fingered or Short-tailed Pangolin_) 520 481. " aurita (_Eared Pangolin_) 521 482. " Javanica (_Javan Ant-eater_) 522

APPENDIX A 523

APPENDIX B 525

APPENDIX C 526

APPENDIX D 532

INDEX 535

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.