Part 14

Here there are no public officers as in the other provinces, having been detached from the government of Rúmeïlí. Its sanjaks are: 1. Nikopolis. 2. Chermen. 3. Viza. 4. Kirk Kilisia (or forty churches). 5. Bender. 6. Akkermán. 7. Oczakov. 8. Kilbúrún. 9. Dúghún. 10. Silistria, which is the seat of the Páshá.

_Krim (the Crimea)._

This territory is governed by a Khán, who has the privilege of coining, and of having the Khotba read in the mosques, his name being mentioned immediately after that of the Osmánlí Emperor, who has the right of appointing and changing the Kháns. The residence of the Khán is at Baghcheseráï, and that of the Sultan at Ak-mesjid. The subordinate officers are styled Shírín-begs and Másúr-begs; the former are selected from the Nakhcheván family, and the latter from the Manik.

_The Province of Kaffa._

Its sanjaks are ruled by Voivodas, immediately appointed by the Osmánlí Sultan and not by the Kháns. These sanjaks are: 1. Bálikláva. 2. Kirej. 3. Támán. 4. Cherkess-shagha. 5. Balisira. 6. Azov. Besides the Defterdár, there are no public officers.

_The Province of Cyprus._

There are here, a Defterdár of the treasury and of the feuds; a Kehiyá and Emín of the Defter and Chávushes, an Aláï-beg, and a Cherí-báshí. The sanjaks are: 1. Itshilí. 2. Társús. 3. Aláyí. 4. Sís or Khás. The following have a Sáliáneh, or annual allowance from the treasury: Kerina, Paphos, Tamagusta, and Nicosia. It is a large island, and contains 30,000 Moslem warriors, and 150,000 infidels.

_The Province of Candia._

Canea was conquered in the reign of Sultán Ibrahím, by Yúsuf Páshá; and twenty-six years afterwards Candia was taken by Kopreïlí Zádeh the second, after a protracted siege of three years. The sanjaks are: 1. Canea. 2. Retimo. 3. Selina. This island, being so extensive, has the complement of public officers, and maintains a force of 40,000 men.

_The Province of Damascus._

Some of the sanjaks of this province are khás (_i.e._ yield a land revenue); and others are Sáliáneh (_i.e._ have an annual allowance from government). Of the former are: 1. Jerusalem. 2. Gaza. 3. Karak. 4. Safet. 5. Náblús. 6. Aajelún. 7. Lejún. 8. Bokoa. Of the latter: Tadmor, Saida, and Bairút.

_The Province of Trabalús (Tripoli)._

Its sanjaks are: 1. Trabalús (Tripoli) the seat of the Páshá. 2. Hama. 3. Homs. 4. Salamieh. 5. Jebella. 6. Latakia. 7. Husnábád. It has also forty Begs of the Drúzís in the mountains which belong to it.

_The Province of Adna._

Having been separated from the government of Haleb, it has no diván officers. The sanjaks are: 1. Sís. 2. Tarsús. 3. Karatásh. 4. Selfekeh. It has also seven Bóï-begs. Being a mountainous country it is very turbulent.

_The Province of Haleb (Aleppo)._

Two of its sanjaks which receive a stipend, have no ziámet nor tímár. The sanjaks are: 1. Akrád Kilís. 2. Bírejek. 3. Maura. 4. Azir. 5. Bális. 6. Antakia (Antioch). Those which receive the allowance are Massiaf, and the sanjak of the Turkomans, who are very numerous in this province.

_The Province of Díúrbeker._

In this province there are nineteen sanjaks, and five hakúmets (or hereditary governments). Eleven of the nineteen sanjaks are the same as the others in the Ottoman provinces, but the remaining eight were, at the time of the conquest, conferred on Kurdish Begs with the patent of family inheritance for ever. Like other sanjaks, they are divided into ziámets and tímárs, the possessors of which are obliged to serve in the field; but if they do not, the ziámet or timár may be transferred to a son or relation, but not to a stranger. The hakúmets have neither ziámets nor timárs. Their governors exercise full authority, and receive not only the land revenues, but also all the other taxes which in the sanjaks are paid to the possessor of the ziámet or timár, such as the taxes for pasturage, marriages, horses, vineyards, and orchards. The Ottoman sanjaks are: 1. Kharpút. 2. Arghání. 3. Siverek. 4. Nissibin. 5. Husunkeïf. 6. Miafarakain. 7. Akchékala’. 8. Khapúr. 9. Sinjár. The Kurdish are: 1. Síghmán. 2. Kúláb. 3. Mehrásí. 4. Aták. 5. Bertek. 6. Chapakchúr. 7. Chermek. 8. Terjíl. The independent governments: 1. Jezíreh. 2. Akíl. 3. Kenj. 4. Palwá. 5. Hezzú. These are extensive provinces, and their governors have the title of Janáb (excellency). The officers of the diván of Díárbeker are: the defterdár of the treasury with a rúz-námjí (journal-writer); a defterdár of the feudal forces, an inspector (Emín), and a lieutenant (Kehiyá) of the defter, and another for the Chávushes; a secretary (Kátib), a colonel, and a lieutenant-colonel of the militia.

_The Province of Kars._

Before the conquest this district belonged to Erzrúm, but it was afterwards made a separate province, and had the sanjak of Yásín joined to it. It has a colonel and lieutenant-colonel, but no officers of the defter. Its sanjaks are: 1. Little Erdehán. 2. Hújuján. 3. Zárshád. 4. Kechrán. 5. Kághizmán. 6. Kars, the seat of the Páshá.

_The Province of Jíldir or Akhíchkeh._

Of the civil officers of the diván there is here only a defterdár of the treasury; and of the military, there is a colonel and a lieutenant-colonel of the feudal militia. The sanjaks are: 1. Oultí. 2. Harbús. 3. Ardinj. 4. Hajrek. 5. Great Ardehán. 6. Postkhú. 7. Mahjíl. 8. Ijareh-penbek. Besides these there are four hereditary sanjaks: 1. Púrtekrek. 2. Lawaneh. 3. Nusuf Awán. 4. Shúshád. During the reign of Sultán Mohammed Khán, the castle of Kotátis was captured by Kara Mortezá, and was added to this province.

_The Province of Gúrjistán or Georgia._

The sanjaks are: 1. Achikbásh. 2. Shúshád. 3. Dádián. 4. Gúríl. The Begs of Megrelistán (Mingrelia) are all infidels; but Murád IV. reduced them, and having placed Sefer Pasha as their governor, made the castle of Akhickha the seat of government. To this day they send the annual presents.

_The Province of Tarabafzún (Trebisonde)._

1. Gomish-kháneh. 2. Jankha. 3. Wíza. 4. Gúnia. 5. Batúm. Though this province is small it has a defterdár of the Tímárs, a Kehiyá of the defter, an Aláï-beg, and a Cherí-báshí.

_The Province of Rika._

The sanjaks of Rika and Rohá are: 1. Jemása. 2. Khárpud. 3. Deïr-rahba. 4. Bení Rebia. 5. Sarúj. 6. Kharán. 7. Rika. 8. Rohá or Urfa, which is the seat of the Páshá; it has no officers.

_The Province of Baghdád._

Seven of the eighteen sanjaks of this province are divided, as in other parts of the empire, into ziámets and timárs. They are: 1. Hilla. 2. Zeng-ábád. 3. Javazar. 4. Rúmáhía. 5. Jangula. 6. Kara-tágh. 7.——. The other eleven sanjaks which are called Irák, have neither ziámets nor tímárs. They are: 1. Terteng. 2. Samwat. 3. Bíát. 4. Derneh. 5. Deh-balád. 6. Evset. 7. Kerneh-deh. 8. Demir-kapú. 9. Karanieh. 10. Kilán. 11. Alsáh. These have no ziámets or tímárs, and are entirely in the power of their possessors.

_The Province of Basra._

This was formerly a hereditary government (mulkiat), but was reduced to an ordinary province (eyálet) when conquered by Sultán Mohammed IV. It has a defterdár and Kehiyá of the Chávushes, but neither Aláï-beg nor Cherí-báshí, because there are no ziámets or tímárs; the lands being all rented by the governor.

_The Province of Lahsa._

This being a hereditary government, has neither ziámets nor tímárs, but the governor sends a monthly present to the governor of Baghdád. Formerly its governors were installed as Begler-begs, but they now hold their authority without a patent.

_The Province of Yemen._

This too, since the time of Mohammed Khán IV., has been unlawfully occupied by the Imáms.

_The Province of Abyssinia._

This province is also without ziámets or tímárs. Once in three years an officer is sent from the Sublime Porte, to claim it as a government province (Mulk). There are no private leases (iltizám).

_The Province of Mecca._

Mecca is divided between the Sheríf and the Páshá of Jidda. There are no revenues but those derived from the aqueducts.

_The Province of Egypt._

Here there are neither ziámets nor tímárs. Its villages are registered either as belonging to the crown (Mír Mál), or to pious foundations (Wakf), or to the Káshif, or as rented by the inhabitants of towns (Iltizám-beledí). There is a defterdár of the treasury, a journal keeper (Rúznámehjí), seven clerks of the leases (Mokata’jí), a comptroller (Mokábelejí) on the part of the Páshá, forty Begs and seven commanders of the seven military bodies. The sanjaks held by Begs are the following: 1. Upper Egypt. 2. Jirja. 3. Ibrim. 4. Alwáhát. (the Oasis). 5. Manfelút. 6. Sharakieh (the eastern part of the Delta). 7. Gharabieh (the western part). 8. Manúfieh. 9. Mansúrieh. 10. Kalúbieh. 11. Bakhair. 12. Damiat (Damietta). These are all governed by Begs. The first in rank of the Begs of Egypt is the Emír-ul-haj, or chief of the caravan to Mecca, who by the Arabs is called Sultán-al-barr, or lord of the continent. His Kehiyá or deputy has the privilege of wearing an aigrette.

As I have not travelled through the kingdoms of Algiers, Tunis, and Tripoli, I do not give any account of them, but it is well known that they are extensive territories.

_The Province of Mosul._

This has no officers of the Diván, but a colonel and a lieutenant-colonel. Its sanjaks are: 1. Bájwánlí. 2. Tekrit. 3. Eskí Mosul (Nineveh). 4. Harú.

_The Province of Wán._

The officers are, the defterdár of the treasury and of the tímárs, the inspector and deputy of the rolls and Chávushes, a clerk of the Chávushes, a colonel and lieutenant-colonel. Its sanjaks are: 1. Adaljewáz. 2. Arjish. 3. Músh. 4. Bárgerí. 5. Kárkár. 6. Kesání. 7. Zíríkí. 8. Asa’bard. 9. Aghákís. 10. Akrád. 11. Bení-kutúr. 12. Kala’ Báyazíd. 13. Burdú’. 15. Khalát. In the governments of Tiflis, Hakkárí, Majmúdí, and Peniánish, there are ziámets and tímárs; the tribute received from them is appropriated to the pay of the garrison of Wán. All other fees and duties are received by the Kháns who hold these governments in hereditary possession.

_The Province of Erzerúm._

This has twelve sanjaks; its officers are, a defterdár of the treasury, an inspector and deputy of the rolls and Chávushes, and a clerk of the Chávushes. The sanjaks are: 1. Kara-hisár. 2. Keïfí. 3. Pásín. 4. Ispír. 5. Khanís. 6. Malázgír. 7. Tekmán. 8. Kuzúján. 9. Túrtúm. 10. Lejengerd. 11. Mámar. 12. Erzerúm, the seat of the Páshá.

_The Province of Sheherzúl._

This province has the full number of diván officers. Its sanjaks are: 1. Sarújek. 2. Erbíl. 3. Kesnán. 4. Sheher-bázár. 5. Jengúleh. 6. Jebel-hamrin. 7. Hazár-mardúd. 8. Alhúrán. 9. Merkáreh. 10. Hazír. 11. Rúdín. 12. Tíltárí. 13. Sebeh. 14. Zenjír. 15. Ajúb. 16. Abrúmán. 17. Pák. 18. Pertelí. 19. Bílkás. 20. Aúshní. 21. Kala’ Ghází. 22. Sheherzúl, which is the seat of the Páshá. There are some tribes in this province who are not governed by begs invested with a drum and banner; more than one hundred chiefs of such tribes, who hold their lands as ziámets, but by a hereditary right, accompany the Páshá, when required, to the field of battle.

Section IV.

_Of the ranks of the Sanjak-begs._

According to the constitutional laws of Sultán Soleïmán, the sanjak-begs rank according to their pay, except when there is a deposed grand vezír amongst them, who in such case takes precedence over them all. The pay of a sanjak-beg is at first 200,000 aspres, which is increased in proportion to the period of his service, until he becomes begler-beg, or mír mírán. Should, however, one of the aghás or commanding generals of the military corps at Constantinople be made a sanjak-beg, his pay from the first is more than 200,000 aspres. Thus, the Aghá of the Janissaries, when he is appointed a sanjak-beg, at once receives 500,000 aspres. The nishánjí-báshí (lord privy seal), the mír alem (standard bearer of the empire), the chamberlain, and the grand master of the horse, receive an increase of 100,000 aspres. The cháshní-gír-báshí (comptroller of the kitchen), the mutafarrek-báshí (chief of the couriers), the under-master of the horse, the Aghá of sipáhís and silihdárs, of the ságh-ulúfejíán and sól-ghurebá (two bodies of cavalry), all become sanjak-begs with a salary of 300,000 aspres. The segbán-báshí (a general of the Janissaries), the Kehiyá (deputy) of the defter, the defterdárs of the tímárs and yáyá-begs, and all whose ziámets amount to more than 500,000 aspres, receive an addition of 100,000 aspres, as sanjak-begs. Such begs as distinguish themselves by good conduct are rewarded with vacant tímárs; each sanjak-beg furnishes for every 5,000 aspres of his revenues one armed man. The smallest income of a sanjak-beg being 200,000 aspres, he brings forty armed men into the field; if he has 500,000 aspres he furnishes 500 men, and so on in proportion.

Section V.

_Of the Khás, or revenue of the Sanjak-begs, the Kehiyás of the Defter and the Defterdárs of Tímárs._

_Rumeili._

Khás of the sanjak-begs of the Morea 5,776 aspres; Scutari, 59,200; Avlonia, 39,000; Silistria, 89,660; Nicopolis, 40,000; Okhrí, 35,299; Yanina, 20,260; Terhala, 50,885; Gústendíl 42,400; Elbesán, 1,963; Chermen, 4,000; Víza, 34,465; Delvina, 7,132; Salonik, 80,832; Skopí, 40,000; Dúkagín, 27,500; Widín, 3,000; Alájeh-hisár, 20,399; Weljeterín, 50,000; Perzerín, 28,146; Ziámet of the kehiyá of the defter, 1,426; of the defterdárs, 2,000; of the beg of the Yúrúks (wandering tribes) of Víza, 2,000; of the yúrúk-beg of Rodosto, 60,000; of the yurúk-beg of Yánbolí, 3,470; of the yúrúk-beg of Okchebóli, 3,494; of the yúrúk-beg of Koja, 4,000; of the yúrúk-beg of Salonik, 41,397; of the yúrúk-beg of Naldúkín, 3,500; of the capudán of Cavala, 4,314; of the beg of the Voinoks, 5,052.

_Bosnia._

Khás of the beg of Kilís, 42,500; Hersek, 10,515; Zvorník, 35,793; Poshega, 66,230; Zachina, 70,000; Karak, 30,000; Rahovicha, 70,000.

Ziámet of the kehiyá of the defter, 46,000; of the defterdár, 5,530.

_The Archipelago._

Khás of the Beg of Negropont, 40,000; Karlíeïlí (Acarnania), 3,000; Einabakht (Lepanto), 30,000; Rodós (Rhodes), 77,004; Mytylini, 40,000; Kojaeïlí, 6,526; Bígha, 13,088; Sighla, 30,000; Misistra, 19,000.

Ziámet of the kehiyá, 8,390; of the defterdár, 22,077.

_The Province of Bude._

Khás of Semendria, 40,260; Becheví (Fünf-kirchen or Fife-churches), 40,000; Oustúnbelgrade (Stuhl-weissenburg), 26,000; Osterghún (Gran), 10,000; Segdín, 40,000; Sirem, 25,675; Essek, 20,000; Shamtorna, 40,000; Kopán and Filek, 20,000; Nigisár, 34,000; Novigrád, 33,940; Sonlí, 40,000; Míhaj, 92,000; Siget, 4,230; Segsár, 34,000; Míján, 40,260.

Khás of the Defterdár, 5,520; ziámet of the kehiyá of the defter, 3,240; of the kehiyá of the tímárs, 8,940.

_The Province of Temisvár._

Lippova, 10,000; Kiánád, 20,792; Gúla, 28,945; Madava, 60,080; Yánova, 2,420; Ishbesh, 1,945; Ziámet of the defterdár of the treasury, 60,000; of the Kehiyá, 4,880; of the defterdár of the tímárs, 60,000.

_The Province of Anatolia._

Khás of the beg of Sárukhán, 40,000; Aïdín, 34,600; Kara Hisár Afíún, 40,299; Angora, 64,300; Brúsa, 18,089; Bolí, 20,122; Kastamúní, 50,000; Muntesha, 40,800; Tekkeh, 28,000; Hamíd, 24,000; Jánkrí, 48,081; Karasí, 3,000; Sultánógí, 5,000.

Ziámet of the kehiyá, 10,912; of the defterdár, 4,596.

_The Province of Karamán._

Khás of the beg of Kaisarieh (Cæsarea), 5,000; Begshehrí, 90,000; Akseráí, 35,000; Aksheher, 1,000; Kírsheher, 7,540.

Khás of the defterdár, 5,000; of the kehiyá, 5,000.

_The Province of Kubrus (Cyprus)._

Khás of Icheïlí, 27,000; Aláíeh, 50,000; Tarsús, 45,260; Sís, 60,299.

Khás of the defterdár of the treasury, 20,000; of the defterdár of the ziámets, 70,000; of the kehiyá, 42,000.

_The Province of Tripoli (in Syria)._

Khás of Homs, 20,290; Jebellieh, 34,180; Salamieh, 9,000; Hamá, 94,030.

Khás of the defterdár of the treasury, 13,000; of the kehiyá, 64,800; of the defterdár of the timárs, 40,000.

_The Province of Haleb (Aleppo)._

Khás of the beg of Adna, 95,000; Kilís, 2,827; Bírejek, 5,220; Makra, 30,000; Azíz, 20,000; Balís, 20,000.

Khás of the defterdár of the treasury, 27,826; of the kehiyá, 6,930; of the defterdár of the tímárs, 1,146.

_The Province of Zulkadrieh or Mera’ish._

Malatieh, 50,000; Eintáb, 5,130; Mera’ish, 25,300.

_The Province of Sivás._

Khás of the beg of Amasia, 30,000; Chorum, 30,000; Búzouk, 300,275; Dívergí, 50,360; Jáník, 7,024; Arabgír, 21,000.

Ziámet of the kehiyá, 80,200; of the defterdár, 2,550.

_The Province of Erzerúm._

Khás of the beg of Karahisár Sharakí, 3,000; Keïfí, 3,000; Básín, 94,000; Ispír, 30,000; Khanís, 80,440; Malázgír, 50,000; Turkmán, 4,929; Okúzján, 20,702; Túrtúm, 97,000; Lejengird, 40,000; Mámerván, 3,000.

Khás of the defterdár of the treasury, 42,900; of the defterdár of the tímárs, 20,200.

_The Province of Kars._

Khás of Erdehán Kúchuk, 9,030; Hújú-ján, 2,500; Rúshád, 40,000; Kázmaghán, 2,000; Kecherán, 2,000.

_The Province of Childer or Akhichka._

Khás of Oultí, 2,017; Pertek, 2,190; Erdenúh, 70,000; Erdehán Buzúrg, 2,000; Shúshád, 56,000; Livána (two hereditary sanjaks), 65,000; Kharbús, 2,500; Sahrek, 65,000; Pústúkh, 6,500; Mánjíl, 3,229; Penbek, 40,000.

_The Province of Trebisonde._

Ziámet of the kehiyá of Bátúm, 3,000 apres; ziámet of the defterdár of the tímárs, 42,290.

_The Province of Díárbeker._

Khás of Kharpút, 9,999; Arghaní, 20,515; Súrek, 3,043; Aták, 47,200; Nesíbín, 30,000; Terjíl, 45,200; Jermík, 3,140; Husn-keïf, 2,955; Akíl, 9,675; Chapík-júd, 7,000; Jemishgezek, 4,223; Samsád, 9,057; Sha’ir, 3772; Akchakala’, 20,000; Sinjár, 1,517; Mufarakín, 20,000; Lisán and Búzbán, 6,000; Khákenj, 7,834.

Khás of the defterdár, 40,395; ziámet of the kehiyá of the defter, 10,924; khás of the defterdár of the timárs, 8,000.

_The Province of Rakka._

Khás of Jemáseh, 5,122; Dair Rahba, 8,000; Kápúr, 10,000; Así Rabia’, 40,000; Sarúj, 20,000; Ana, 82,215.

_The Province of Baghdád._

Khás of Zangábád, 70,000; Helleh, 51,000; Javázer, 20,000; Rúmnáhieh, 45,000; Jengúleh, 20,000; Kara (an hereditary government), 4,287; Derteng, 20,000; Samvát, 55,000; Derneh, 6,931; Dehbálá, 60,000; Váset, 20,000; Kerend, 29,260; Tapúr, 20,000; Karanieh, 20,000; Kílán, 20,000; Al Ságh, 200,000; Ziámet of the kehiyá of the defter, 10,000; of the defterdár of the tímárs, 80,000.

_The Province of Wán._

Khás of Adeljaván, 50,346; Arjís, 30,000; Músh, 1,000; Bárgerí, 20,000; Kárkár, 20,000; Keshán, 25,000; Ispághird, 20,000; Aghákís, 50,000; Akrád, 90,000; Wádí Bení Kutúr, 70,000; Kala’ Báyazíd, 1,044; Bardú’, 20,000; Wáwjik, 95,000.

Ziámet of the kehiyá of the defter, 60,999; of the defterdár of the timárs, 3,870.

_The Province of Mosul._

Khás of Bájuvánlí, 15,000; Tekrít, 7,284; Harún, 20,000; Bána, 30,000.

Section VI.

_Statement of the number of swords or men brought into the field by the Possessors of Tímárs and Ziámets._

_The Province of Rumeili._

The number of its swords or armed men is 9,274, of which 914 are ziámets, the rest tímárs, with and without tezkerehs (commissions). The Zái’ms, or possessors of the ziámets, for every 5,000 aspres of their revenues provide one armed man. Tímárís, or possessors of the tímárs, of from 10,000 to 20,000, find three men. Thus the militia of Rúmeïlí consists of Zái’ms, Tímárs, and Jebellís, or guards, amounting in all to 20,200 men. The sanjak-beg, the kehiyá of the defter, and the defterdár of the timárs, for every 5,000 aspres of their revenues provide one man: the number of men found by these being 2,500, the troops of Rúmeïlí amount to 33,000 men; and, including the servants, to 40,000 men.

Section VII

_Number of Ziámets and Tímárs in each of the Sanjaks in Rúmeïlí._

Sofia, the seat of the Páshá, has 7,821 ziámets and tímárs; Kustandíl 48 ziámets, 1,018 tímárs; Terkhaleh 32 ziámets, 539 tímárs; Yánina 62 ziámets, 34 tímárs; Uskúb 57 ziámets, 340 tímárs; Ohrí 20 ziámets, 529 tímárs; Avlonia 38 ziámets, 489 tímárs; Morea 200 ziámets; Eskenderieh 75 ziámets, 422 tímárs; Nicopolis 20 ziámets, 244 tímárs; Chermen 20 ziámets, 130 tímárs; Elbesán 18 ziámets, 138 tímárs; Víza 30 ziámets, 79 tímárs; Delvina 34 ziámets, 1,155 tímárs; Saláník (Salonica) 36 ziámets, 762 tímárs; Kirk-kilisá 18 tímárs; Dúkagín 10 ziámets, 52 tímárs; Widín 12 ziámets, 25 tímárs; Alaja-hisár 27 ziámets, 509 tímárs; Wejterín, 10 ziámets, 17 tímárs; Perzerín 17 ziámets, 225 tímárs; Akchebólí, an Oják of the Yúrúks or wandering tribes, 188; of the Yúrúks of Teker Tághí or Rodosto 324; of the Yúrúks of Saláník 128; of Koják 400; of Na’ldúkín 314; of the Musselmans of Rúmeïlí 400; of the Musselmans of Kuziljeh 300; of the Musselmans of Chermen 301; of Chinganeh (Gypsies or Bohemians) 198; of Víza 178;—in all 1,019 hereditary ojáks or families. In the government registers thirty persons of these Yúrúks or Musselmans are called an _oják_, or family. In the time of war these Yúrúks and Musselmans constitute the flying troops (ishkenjí), and in their turn twenty-five of these perform the duties of yamáks, or servants, to the other five. During war the Yamáks are obliged to pay 55 aspres per head in lieu of all diván duties, but in time of peace they are exempt from all taxes. The ishkenjí or flying-troops (voltigeurs) pay no farm-taxes when they go to war; but should they become sipáhís or feudatory tenants, they are not exempt from the duties of Yúrúks. To the Musselmans a portion of land is allotted, which is registered as a tímár, and of which they pay no tithes. Their duties are to drag the artillery in the time of war, to clear the roads, and to carry the necessary provisions for the army.

Section VIII.

_Number of Ziámets and Timárs in Anatolia._

There are 7,313 swords, of which 195 are ziámets and the other tímárs; they provide 9,700 jebellí or armed men, and others, amounting in all to 17,000 men. Their annual revenue amounts to 37,317,730 aspres. The ziámets and tímárs are as follows: Kútáhieh 79 ziámets, 939 tímárs; Sarúkhán 41 ziámets, 674 tímárs; Aídín 19 ziámets, 572 tímárs; Karahisár, 15 ziámets, 616 tímárs; Angora 10 ziámets, 257 tímárs; Brúsa 30 ziámets, 1,005 tímárs; Bolí 14 ziámets, 551 tímárs; Kostamúní 24 ziámets, 587 tímárs; Munteshá 52 ziámets, 381 tímárs; Tekkeh 7 ziámets, 392 tímárs; Hamíd 9 ziámets, 585 tímárs; Karasí 7 ziámets 381 tímárs; Sultán-ogí 7 ziámets, 182 tímárs. In Anatolia there are also Musselmans (freemen) and Píádeh or Yáyá (pioneers), who to the number of 900 men go to war; these with the Yamáks amount to 26,500 men; their duties are to drag the guns, clear the roads, and carry provisions. They have lands (chiftlik) like the Yúrúks of Rúmeïlí, which are registered as tímárs. This was the establishment in the reign of Sultán Soleïmán, but at present they are all enrolled as rayás, and the possessors of these tímárs are obliged to accompany the Kapúdán Páshá when he goes to sea. Formerly there were in this province 1,280 volunteering Arabs, who, for every ten men providing one armed-man, sent 128 men into the field. They are now disbanded.

_The Province of the Kapúdán Páshá, or the islands of the Archipelago._

This formerly provided 1,618 swords; but Ja’fer Páshá, who was formerly Bóstánjí Báshí, during the reign of Murád IV. increased their number to 9,900: of these 106 were ziámets and the rest were tímárs; adding to them the jebellís the entire number was 12,067 men. The Arabs, the volunteers of the Arsenal, and the men of sixty galleys, also formed a body of 10,000 men. The annual revenue of their ziámets and tímárs amounted to 1,800,000 aspres. The following are the ziámets and tímárs: Negropont 12 ziámets, 188 tímárs; Einabakht (Lepanto) 13 ziámets, 287 tímárs; Mytylini 83 tímárs; Kojaeïlí 25 ziámets, 187 tímárs; Sighla 32 ziámets, 225 tímárs; Kárlieïlí 11 ziámets, 19 tímárs; Gallipolí 14 ziámets, 132 tímárs; Ródós (Rhodes) 5 ziámets, 785 tímárs; Bíghá 6 ziámets, 136 tímárs; Misistra 10 ziámets, 91 tímárs.

_The Province of Karamán._