part 2. The military movements near New York are chronicled in papers

in the London War-Office, "North America, 1773-1776."

Respecting New York city during this period, there are data in _New York City during the American Revolution_, being a _Collection of original papers, now first published from MSS. in the possession of the Mercantile Library_, with an introduction by H. B. Dawson (N. Y., privately printed, 1861), which includes an account by William Butler; and in papers in Valentine's _Manual_ (1862, p. 652). Cf. _Harper's Mag._, xxxvii. 180, and _Scribner's Monthly_, Jan., 1876.

[803] Sparks's _Washington_, iii. 433; _Corresp. of the Rev._, i. 225; Wilkinson's _Memoirs_, i. ch. 2.

[804] 4 _Force's Archives_, vi., and 5, vols. i., ii., and iii.; Lossing's _Schuyler_, ii. 92; John Adams's _Works_, iii. 47.

[805] Various letters of this period about the army are in the Persifer Frazer Papers (_Sparks MSS._, xxi., from July 9 to Nov. 18, 1776); in the Gates Papers (copies in part among the _Sparks MSS._, xxii.); in the Schuyler Papers as used in Lossing's _Schuyler_, and as existing in the N. Y. Archives (copies in part in the _Sparks MSS._, xxix.). A letter of Thomas Hartley (Ticonderoga, July 19, 1776) in _Mag. West. Hist._, Sept., 1886, p. 677; one of Wayne (July 31) to Franklin in _Sparks MSS._, no. lvii. The _N. H. State Papers_, viii., 311, 315, 325-6, 329, throw light on the feelings of the adjacent country,—Col. Asa Potter seeking to throw the people upon Burgoyne's protection against the Indians. The _N. H. Rev. Rolls_, ii. 2, 22, show how troops were sent to Ticonderoga as the spring opened.

Orderly-books and army diaries of the period have been noted as follows: Col. J. Bagley's, Lake George (_Amer. Antiq. Soc. Proc._, new ser., i. 134). Col. Ruggles Woodbridge, Ticonderoga, Aug. 25 to Oct. 27, 1776 (_Sparks MSS._, lx. p. 317). Col. Wheelock's, Aug.-Nov., 1776 (in _Mass. Archives_). Anthony Wayne's _Orderly book of the northern army, at Ticonderoga and Mt. Independence, from October 17th, 1776, to January 8th, 1777, with biographical and explanatory notes, and an appendix_ (Albany, 1859, being no. 3 of Munsell's historical series). It gives the daily orders issued by General Gates and himself. Letters of Wayne from Feb. to April, 1777 are in the _St. Clair Papers_, i. 384, etc. Moses Greenleaf, Ticonderoga, March 23 to April 4, 1777 (among the _Greenleaf MSS._, in Mass. Hist. Soc.).

_Journal of Rev. Ammi R. Robbins_ [a chaplain in the American army] _in the northern campaign of 1776_ (New Haven, 1850). It extends from March 18 to Oct. 29, and covers a part of the retreat from Canada. Diary of Lieutenant Jonathan Burton, Aug. 1 to Nov. 29, 1776 (_New Hampshire State Papers_, xiv.).

[806] The original is among the Gates Papers (cf. _Sparks MSS._, xxii. and xxxix.). They are printed in Wilkinson's _Memoirs_ (i. 83) and Sparks's _Corresp. of the Rev._ (i. 537).

[807] They are printed in 5 _Force's Amer. Archives_ (ii. 1102); Dawson (i. 171, 172); Arnold's _Arnold_ (p. 118). See also Sparks's _Corresp. of the Rev._ (i. App.), and 5 _Force_ (vols. i., ii., iii.).

[808] Other contemporary American accounts are in Wilkinson's _Memoirs_ (ch. 2); Trumbull's _Autobiography_ (p. 34); Marshall's _Washington_ (iii. ch. 1).

[809] Later accounts are in Cooper's _Naval Hist._; Bancroft's final revision (v. ch. 4); Irving's _Washington_ (ii. ch. 39); Lossing's _Schuyler_ (ii. 116, 137), his _Field-Book_ (vol. i.), and a paper in _Harper's Monthly_ (xxiii. 726); Dawson's _Battles_ (i. ch. 13); Arnold's _Arnold_ (ch. 6); W. C. Watson in _Amer. Hist. Record_, iii. 438, 501 (Oct., Nov., 1774); Palmer's _Lake Champlain_ (ch. 7); _Wayne's Orderly-Book_, where Arnold's tactics are particularly examined; a pamphlet, _Battle of Valcour_ (Plattsburg, 1876); and Osler's _Life of Viscount Exmouth_. W. L. Stone in his notes to Pausch (p. 85) thinks the account by that German artillerist and that in _Hadden's Journal_ as edited by Gen. Rogers are the best ones.

[810] A MS. draft of Brassier's survey (1762) is in the Faden collection, no. 20-1/2 in the library of Congress.

[811] Vol. i. p. 163; and for a view of the spot, p. 162.

[812] The catalogue of the _Brit. Mus. additional MSS._ (no. 31,537) refers to a similar map. See the map in _The North American Atlas_ (1777). The original MS. draft of the map engraved by Faden is in the library of Congress (Faden collection, no. 21). There are maps of the lake in _Wayne's Orderly-Book_, and in Palmer's _Lake Champlain_. An elaborate survey of Lake Champlain, made in 1778-1779, one inch to the mile, is also among the Faden maps (no. 64,—the library of Congress).

[813] It was printed in the _Gent. Mag._, April, 1778. In the appendix of Fonblanque's _Burgoyne_ it has the king's comments on it, and it was given in this way from a manuscript in the royal hand in Albemarle's _Rockingham and his Contemporaries_ (ii. 330). Lord Geo. Germain's instructions to Carleton relative to the campaign are in the _Gent. Mag._, Feb., 1778. The _Gent. Mag._ (Oct., 1777, p. 472) warned the public of the difficulties which Burgoyne must expect to encounter.

[814] Comment from a British officer is in Anburey's _Travels_. Lecky (iv. 31) shows the way in which the army was raised. The organization of the army is explained in a chapter in _Hadden's Journal_. The details of the dispatching of troops are embraced in the volume "Secretary of State, 1776", War Office, London. The letter of Carleton to Germain, Quebec, May 20, 1777, expressing his chagrin at not being appointed to lead the expedition, but promising aid to Burgoyne, is printed in Brymner's _Report on the Canadian Archives_ (1885, p. cxxxii.) with Germain's answer. Howe in New York had notified Carleton at Quebec, April 5, that he should not be able to communicate with Burgoyne. Walpole records in his _Last Journals_ (ii. 160), "Lord George Germain owned that General Howe had defeated all his views by going to Maryland instead of waiting to join Burgoyne." There may have been a purpose to help create the impression of Burgoyne's destination, which that officer tried to spread, in professing to aim at Connecticut, when Howe in April sent an expedition, under Tryon, to Danbury, in Connecticut, to destroy stores. This was accomplished, but Wooster and Arnold pressed the returning party with vigor and inflicted a considerable loss. Wooster was killed. Congress ordered a monument to his memory (_Journals_, ii. 168. Cf. Deming's oration at the dedication of a monument in 1854, and Hinman's _Connecticut during the Rev._, 155). The contemporary accounts are Howe's despatch to Germain, and the narrative in the _Connecticut Journal_, April 30 (both given in Dawson's _Battles_, i. 217, 219); current reports in Moore's _Diary_, 423, 441; Trumbull's and Sullivan's letters in _N. Hampshire State Papers_, viii. 547, 549, 556; a letter of James Wadsworth, dated at Durham, May 1, 1777, in _Trumbull MSS._, vi. 94; with accounts in Jones's _N. Y. during the Rev._, i. 178, and Stedman's _Amer. War_, ch. 14. Marshall's account in his _Washington_ was controverted by E. D. Whittlesey (_N. Y. Hist. Coll._, 2d ser., ii. 227). Cf. Sparks's _Washington_, iv. 404; Leake's _Lamb_, ch. xi., with a map; Stuart's _Gov. Trumbull_, ch. 27; Irving's _Washington_, iii. 47; I. N. Arnold's _Gen. Arnold_, ch. 7; Bancroft, ix. 346; Gay's _Pop. Hist. U. S._, iii. 543; Hollister's _Connecticut_, ii. ch. 12. For local associations see Dwight's _Travels_, iii.; Lossing's _Field-Book_, i. 407-416 (with views); Teller's _Ridgefield_, p. 69 (1878), with a view of the battlefield, April 27, 1777; C. B. Todd's _Redding_ (1880, p. 47).

[815] These include the Riedesel Memoirs, Schlözer's _Briefwechsel_ (iii. 27, 321, iv. 288), Eelking's, _Deutsche Hülfstruppen_ (ch. 4). There is a letter from a Brunswick officer in Canada in J. H. Hering's _Weeklijksche Berichten_ (Amsterdam,—noted in Muller's _Books on America_, 1877, no. 1,410).

[816] There is a contemporary broadside of it in the Mass. Hist. Soc. library, and it was printed for the English public in the _Gentleman's Mag._ in August. Walpole, in London, in August, records his opinion of it, "penned with such threats as would expose him to derision if he failed, and would diminish the lustre of his success if he obtained any" (_Last Journals_, ii. 130). The dates given to it vary from June 29th to July 4th. It will also be found in Anburey's _Travels_; Thacher's _Military Journal_; Moore's _Diary_ (p. 454), from the _Penna. Evening Post_, Aug. 21; Fonblanque's _Burgoyne_ (App. F); Riedesel's _Memoirs_; _Hadden's Journal_ (p. 59); _Proceedings_ of the Mass. Hist. Soc. (xii. 189) and N. Y. Hist. Soc. (Jan., 1872); _Vermont Hist. Soc. Collections_ (i. 163); _Niles's Register_ (1876 ed., p. 179); _N. Hampshire State Papers_, viii. 660. It instigated various burlesques (Moore's _Diary_, 459; his _Songs and Ballads of the Rev._, 167).

[817] A map by Montresor, made in 1775, showing the antecedent knowledge of the country, is given in the _American Atlas_.

_A topographical Map of Hudson's River, ... also the Communication with Canada by Lake George and Lake Champlain, as high as Fort Chambly, by Claude Joseph Sauthier. Engraved by Wm. Faden, published (London) Oct. 1, 1776._

_A map of the inhabited parts of Canada, from the French surveys, with the frontiers of New York and New England, from the large survey by Claude Joseph Sauthier, engraved by Wm. Faden_ (London), 1777. It is dedicated to Burgoyne, and in the margin is a table showing the various winter-quarters of the king's army in Canada in 1776. In 1777, Le Rouge, in Paris, reproduced Sauthier's drafts as _Cours de la rivière d'Hudson et la Communication avec le Canada par le lac Champlain jusqu'au Fort Chambly_. (Cf. the map in the _Atlas Amériquain_, no. 23.) Sauthier's surveys were also used in a map of New York and adjacent provinces, published at Augsburg in 1777, which is reproduced in Jones's _N. Y. during the Rev._ (vol. i.). The _Gentleman's Mag._, Jan., 1778, had a map of the Hudson River and the adjacent country. The _London Mag._, 1778, had a map showing the country between Albany and Ticonderoga. It was drawn by Thomas Kitchin, who in the same year made a map of the Hudson and adjacent parts from Albany to New York.

In 1780 (Feb. 1st) Faden published a more detailed map as drawn by Mr. Medcalfe, and called _A map of the Country in which the army under Lieutenant-General Burgoyne acted in the Campaign of 1777, shewing the marches of the army and the places of the principal actions_. (Cf. map in Stedman, reproduced in illus. ed. of Irving's _Washington_, iii. 93.)

The maps as given in Burgoyne's _State of the Expedition from Canada_ (London, 1780) are those usually followed. The original MS. drafts of these, used for engraving them, are among the Faden maps (nos. 66-69) in the library of Congress. A general map of the campaign is given in Hilliard d'Auberteuil's _Essais_ (i. 205).

There is in _Hadden's Journal_ (p. 90) a drawn map of the campaign between Crown Point and Stillwater, showing the marches of the British army and the points of conflict. Among the Faden maps (nos. 62, 63) in the library of Congress is a MS. map of "Lake Champlain and Lake George, and the country between the Hudson and the lakes on the west and the Connecticut on the east." There are later and eclectic maps given in Gordon's _American Revolution_; Anburey's _Travels_; Neilson's _Burgoyne's Campaign_, used and corrected by Stone in his _Campaign of Burgoyne_; Carrington's _Battles_ (312); Burgoyne's _Orderly-Book_; _Mag. of Amer. Hist._ (May, 1877).

[818] Thomson, _Ohio Bibliog._, no. 1,011; _Brinley Catal._, no. 4,135 ($50); Menzies, no. 1,741 ($65).

[819] Cf. also _Ibid._, ii., App. pp. 510, 513.

[820] _The life and Public services of Arthur St. Clair, with his correspondence and other papers arranged and annotated by Wm. Henry Smith._ The correspondence begins in 1771. H. P. Johnston thinks Smith too sweeping and injudicial in his editing (_Mag. of Amer. Hist._, Aug., 1882). St. Clair took command at Ticonderoga June 12th. Smith includes in his book the proceedings of the councils of war (pp. 404, 420), and the various letters of St. Clair, respecting his retreat, to Bowdoin (also in _Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc._, vi. 356), Hancock, Jay, Washington, and others (pp. 396, 414, 423, 425, 426, 429, 433). Cf. Dawson's _Battles_. St. Clair's letter, July 7th, at Otter Creek, to the president of the Convention of Vermont, is in _N. H. State Papers_, viii. 618.

[821] _Sparks MSS._, no. xxix. The papers of the trial of St. Clair are in _Ibid._, xlix., vol. ii. Congress ordered the inquiry (_N. H. State Papers_, viii. 649). There are other contemporary accounts of the evacuation in Moore's _Diary of the Revolution_ (p. 470); Wilkinson's _Memoirs_ (ch. 4 and 5); original documents in _5 Force's Archives_, vols. i., ii., and iii., and in _Mag. of Amer. Hist._ (Aug., 1882); letter of Asa Fitch, _Hist. Mag._ (iii. 7); a diary among the _Moses Greenleaf's MSS._ (Mass. Hist. Society), beginning April 23, 1777, and ending Nov. 22d, near Philadelphia; a diary of Samuel Sweat (June 18, 1777, etc.) in _Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc._ (vol. xvii. 287). A letter of one Cogan complains of the unnecessary retreat (_N. H. State Papers_,