iv. 7), do not acquit Montcalm; but the more considerate hardly go

further than to question his prudence in not providing a larger escort. (Warburton, _Conquest of Canada_, ii. 67.) Potter (_Adj.-Gen. Rep. of N. H._, 1866, ii. 190) says that of 200 men of that province, bringing up the rear of the line of retreating English, 80 were killed; and he reminds the apologists of Montcalm that, when the English were advised to defend themselves, the French general knew that they had not surrendered till their ammunition was expended. Stone (_Johnson_, ii. 49) says that thirty were killed. Parkman (i. p. 512) says it is impossible to tell with exactness how many were killed—about fifty, according to French accounts, not including those murdered in the hospitals. Of the six or seven hundred carried off by the Indians, a large part were redeemed by the French. The evidence, which is rather confusing, is examined also in Watson’s _County of Essex, N. Y._, p. 74. Cf. _Les Ursulines de Québec_, 1863, vol. ii. p. 295.

[1440] Of the later writers, see Parkman, ii. 6; Stone’s _Johnson_, ii. 54; Simms’s _Frontiersmen of N. Y._, 231; and Nath. S. Benton’s _Herkimer County_, which rehearses the history of the Palatine community, 1709-1783. Parkman, referring to Loudon’s despatches as he found them in the Public Record Office, says they were often tediously long. They were, it seems, in keeping with the provoking dilatoriness in coming to a point which characterized all his lordship’s movements. Franklin gives some amusing instances. (Cf. Parton’s _Franklin_, i. p. 383; Sparks’ _Franklin_, i. 217-21.) “The miscarriages in all our enterprises,” wrote Peter Fontaine in 1757, “have rendered us a reproach, and to the last degree contemptible in the eyes of our savage Indian and much more inhuman French enemies.” (Maury’s _Huguenot Family_, 366.)

Attached to a collection of papers in the _Doc. Hist. N. Y._, vol. i., relating to the Oneida country and the Mohawk Valley, 1756-57, is a sketch-plan of the Mohawk River and Wood Creek, showing the relative positions of Fort Bull, Fort Williams, and the German Flats.

[1441] G. H. Fisher on Bouquet in _Penna. Mag. of Hist._, iii. 121.

[1442] _Minutes of Conferences with the Indians at Harris’s ferry and at Lancaster, Mar., Apr., May, 1757_, fol., Philad. (Haven, in Thomas, ii. p. 535.)

[1443] _A treaty with the Shawanese and Delaware Indians at Fort Johnson, by Sir Wm. Johnson, with a preface_, N. Y., 1757. (Harv. Coll. lib., 5321.30.) It was also printed at Boston. (Haven, p. 535.) Cf. _Penna. Archives_, 2d ser., vi. 499, 511.

[1444] Stone’s _Johnson_, ii. 26.

[1445] _Johnson_, ii. 28.

[1446] _Minutes of Conference held with the Indians at Easton, July and Aug., 1757_, Philad. (Haven, p. 535.) A journal of Capt. George Croghan during its continuance and Croghan’s report to Johnson are in _Penna. Archives_, 2d ser., vi. 527-538, and in _N. Y. Col. Docs._, vii. 280. In a sale of Americana at Bangs’s in New York, Feb. 27, 1854, no. 1,307 of the _Catalogue_ shows MS. minutes of this conference, which is endorsed by Benj. Franklin, “This is Mr. [Chas.] Thomson’s copy, who was secretary to King Teedyuskung,” who was the Delaware chief. No. 1,308 of the same _Catalogue_ is the MS. Report of the council.

An account of Johnson’s proceedings with the Indians from July to Sept., 1757, is in the _N. Y. Col. Docs._, vii. 324; and in the same volume are various letters of Johnson to the Lords of Trade.

[1447] It is told graphically in Macaulay’s _Essay on Chatham_. Cf. also J. C. Earle’s _English Premiers_, Lond., 1871, vol. i.

[1448] Cf. _Occasional reflections on the importance of the war in America, in a letter to a member of Parliament_, Lond., 1758. (H. C. lib., 4375.34.) The _Carter-Brown Catal._ (iii. 1,201) assigns this to Peter Williamson, who published at York, in 1758, _Some considerations on the present state of affairs wherein the defenceless condition of Great Britain is pointed out_. (H. C. lib., 6374.19.) Cf. also _Proposals for uniting the English Colonies ... so as to enable them to act with force and vigour against their enemies_, London, 1757. (Carter-Brown, iii. 1,165; Harv. Coll. library, 6374.14.)

[1449] Vol. ii. ch. xviii.

[1450] Orig. ed., iv. 144; final revision, ii. 457.

[1451] _Conduct of a noble commander in America impartially reviewed_, Lond., 1758, pp. 45. (Carter-Brown, iii. 1,176; Sabin, iv. 15,197.)

[1452] In June, 1758, Simon Stevens, who commanded a reconnoitring party from Fort William Henry, was captured by the enemy, and an account of his experiences, till he escaped from Quebec, was printed in Boston in 1760.

[1453] Cf. letter in _Penna. Archives_, iii. 472. Later historians have followed Dwight (_Travels_, iii. 383) in supposing the earthworks still remaining to represent the work of Montcalm in preparation for the fight. Hough (ed. of _Rogers’ Journal_, p. 118) so accounts them. Parkman says, however, that these mounds are relics of the strengthened works that Montcalm threw up later, his protection at the fight being of logs mainly.

[1454] _Travels_, iii. 384.

[1455] Items from this diary are quoted in _Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc._, vol. xvii. (1879), p. 243. The original is in the cabinet of that society.

[1456] Parkman refers (ii. 432) to letters of Colonel Woolsey and others in the _Bouquet and Haldimand Papers_ in the British Museum. A letter of Sir William Grant is given in Maclachlan’s _Highlands_ (1875), ii. 340. Knox (i. 148) gives a letter from an officer. Dwight refers to a letter in the _New Amer. Magazine_. There are among the letters of Chas. Lee to his sister (_N. Y. Hist. Coll._, 1871) one from Schenectady, June 18, and one from Albany, Sept. 16, 1758. He describes his being wounded at Ticonderoga, and is very severe on the “Booby-in-chief.” Other letters are in the _Boston Gazette_, 1758. The _Boston Evening Post_, July 24, 1758, has “the latest advices from Lake George, published by authority,” in which, speaking of Montcalm’s lines, it is said that “the ease with which they might be forced proved a mistake; for it was not possible with the utmost exaction of bravery to carry them.” It gives a table of losses as then reported; and adds extracts from a letter dated Saratoga, July 12, “which are not authenticated.” There is in the _Israel Williams MSS._, in the Mass. Hist. Soc. library, a letter from Col William Williams, dated July 11, 1758, at Lake George, as at “a sorrowful situation.” The same papers contain also a letter from Oliver Partridge, Lake George, July 12, 1758; a detailed account of the campaign, by Col. Israel Williams; a letter of his nephew, Col. William Williams, Aug. 21, 1758; a rough draft of a narrative of the campaign by Colonel Israel Williams, dated at Hatfield, Aug. 7, 1758; a letter from Timothy Woodbridge, Lake George, July 24, 1758; and others from the camp, Lake George, Sept. 26 and 28, by William Williams.

Several diaries have been printed: Chaplain Shute’s is in the _Essex Inst. Hist. Coll._, xii. 132. In the same, vol. xviii. pp. 81, 177 (April, July, 1881), is another by Caleb Rea, published separately as _Journal, written during the expedition against Ticonderoga in 1758_. _Edited by F. M. Ray, Salem, Mass._, 1881.

In the _Historical Mag._, Aug., 1871 (p. 113), is the journal of a provincial officer, beginning at Falmouth (Me.), May 21, 1758, and ending on his return to the same place, Nov. 15.

The journal of Lemuel Lyon, during this expedition, makes part (pp. 11-45) of _The military journals of two private soldiers_, with illustrative notes by B. J. Lossing, published at Poughkeepsie in 1855. (Field, no. 963; Sabin, x. no. 42,860.) An account by Dr. James Searing is given in the _N. Y. Hist. Soc. Proc._, 1847, p. 112, and Rufus Putnam’s journal, 1757-1760, edited by E. C. Dawes (Albany, 1885), covers the campaign. A Scottish story of second sight,—a legend of Inverawe,—in reference to the death of Major Duncan Campbell in the fight, is given in _Fraser’s Mag._, vol. cii. p. 501, by A. P. Stanley; in the _Atlantic Monthly_, Apr., 1884, by C. F. Gordon-Cumming; and by Parkman (vol. ii., app., P. 433).

[1457] Vol. ii. p. 432.

[1458] A list of the killed and wounded of the English, from the _London Mag._, xxvii. p. 427, is in the _N. Y. Col. Docs._, x. 728. In a volume of miscel. MSS., 1632-1795, in the Mass. Hist. Society, there is a list of officers and soldiers killed and wounded in the attack on Ticonderoga, July 8, 1758, “from papers of Richard Peters, secretary of the governor of Pennsylvania.”

[1459] Other general sources: Entick; Hutchinson, iii. 70; Smith’s _New York_ (1830), ii. 265; Trumbull’s _Connecticut_; Bancroft, orig. ed., iv. 298, final revision, ii. 486; Williams’ _Vermont_; Warburton’s _Conquest of Canada_, ii. ch. 5, who accuses Grahame (_United States_, ii. 279) of undue predilection for the provincial troops; Watson’s _County of Essex_, ch. 6; Stone, ii. 173, who neglects to say what part Johnson’s braves took in the fight; beside the general English historians, Smollett, Belsham, Mahon, etc.

[1460] Such are Montcalm’s letter to the Marshal de Belle Isle, July 12 (p. 732), his report to the same (p. 737), and his letter to Vaudreuil (p. 748). The governor made the victory the occasion of casting reproaches upon the general (p. 757), and Vaudreuil’s spirit of crimination is shown in his letter to De Massiac, Aug. 4 (p. 779), and in his observations on Montcalm’s account of the fight (p. 788, etc.), as well as in Vaudreuil’s letter to Montcalm, and the latter’s observations upon it (p. 800). The _Coll. de Manuscrits_ (Quebec), vol. iv., has several documents, like Montcalm’s letters to Vaudreuil of July 9 and Oct. 21 (pp. 168, 201).

A letter of Doreil, dated at Quebec, July 28, is also in the _N. Y. Col. Docs._ (pp. 744, 753), as well as a reprint of an account printed at Rouen, Dec. 23, 1758 (p. 741). A _Journal de l’affaire du Canada, passée le 8 Juillet, 1758, imprimé à Paris, 1758_, is in the _Coll. de Manuscrits_ (Quebec), iv. 219. There is a French letter (July 14) in the _Penna. Archives_, iii. 472, of which a translation is given in the _N. Y. Col. Docs._, x. p. 734. (Cf. also pp. 747 and 892.) The journal of military operations before Ticonderoga from June 30 to July 10 is in _Ibid._, p. 721, as well as a journal of occurrences, Oct. 20, 1757, to Oct. 20, 1758, which also rehearses the details of the fight (p. 844).

M. Daine, in a letter to Marshal de Belle Isle, dated Quebec, 31 July, 1758, gives him the details of the victory at Carillon, as he had collected them from the letters of different officers who were in the action. (_N. Y. Col. Docs._, x. 813.) It resembles Montcalm’s own letter to Vaudreuil.

[1461] On the part of the Indians in the battle, see Joseph Tassé, “Sur un point d’histoire,” in _Revue Canadienne_, v. 664. Ernest Gagnon has a paper, “Sur le drapeau de Carillon,” in _Ibid._, new series, ii. 129.

[1462] _Proceedings_, 2d ser., i. p. 134.

[1463] _N. E. Hist. and Geneal. Reg._, 1862, p. 217.

[1464] Called “Molong” by the early chroniclers on the English side, and even by Tarbox, in his _Life of Putnam_. Parkman says Humphreys’ account of the battle is erroneous at several points. There are details in Rogers’ _Journals_; in a record by Thomson Maxwell in the _Hist. Coll. of the Essex Institute_, vii. 97; in _Gentleman’s Mag._, 1758, p. 498; in _Boston Gazette_, no. 117; in _N. H. Gazette_, no. 104; beside, on the French side, in the Paris documents of the Parkman MSS. Cf. account of the ground in Lossing’s _Field-Book of the Rev._, i. 140, and Holden’s _Queensbury_, p. 325. A letter of Oliver Partridge, Sept., 1758 (_Israel Williams MSS._), describes the movements of Rogers.

[1465] Bradstreet himself is thought to have had a hand in _An Impartial Account of Lieut.-Col. Bradstreet’s Expedition to Fort Frontenac, by a Volunteer on the Expedition_, London, 1759. (Carter-Brown, iii. 1,203; Field, _Indian Bibliog._, no. 171; Bost. Pub. Library, H. 95.74; Brinley, i. 210.) There is in Harvard College library a copy of a MS. which belonged in 1848 to Lyman Watkins, of Walpole, N. H., and is called _A Journal of the Expedition against Fort Frontenac in 1758, by Lieut. Benjamin Bass, with lists of officers_, etc. (H. C., 5325.51.) Fort Frontenac, after its capture, is described in a _Letter to the Right Hon. William Pitt, Esq., from an officer at Fort Frontenac_, London, 1759. (Carter-Brown, iii. 1,223; Sabin, x. 40,533.)

[1466] His letter announcing the occupation is in _Penna. Archives_, viii. 232, and _N. Y. Col. Docs._, x. 905.

[1467] Parkman’s notes on these indicate that in Sparks, ii. p. 293, the letter is abbreviated and altered; p. 295 is altered; p. 297 is varied; p. 299 has great variations; p. 302 has variations; p. 307 is shortened and changed; p. 310 has variations.

[1468] This is reprinted in _N. Y. Col. Docs._, x. 902. Cf. _Penna Archives_, 2d ser., vi. 429.

[1469] _Bibliog. of Ohio_, no. 939; Sabin, xv. 64,453; Field, no. 1,233. It is reprinted in Proud’s _Hist. of Penna._, ii., app.; Rupp’s _Early Hist. of Western Penna._, p. 99; _Olden Time_, i. 98; _Penna. Archives_, iii. 520 (cf. also pp. 412, 560). Stone, _Life of Johnson_, ii. ch. 4, magnifies Johnson’s influence in this pacification of the Indians. Cf. Parkman’s _Pontiac_, i. 143.

[1470] Vol. ii. ch. 22.

[1471] Orig. ed., iv. 308; final revision, ii. 490.

[1472] Vol. i. ch. 24.

[1473] Cf. Sargent’s _Braddock’s Exped._, introd.; Darlington’s ed. of Smith’s _Remarkable Occurrences_, p. 102; A. W. Loomis’ _Centennial Address_ (1858), published at Pittsburgh, 1859; Gordon’s _Hist. of Pennsylvania; The American Pioneer_ (periodical). A sketch of Fort Pitt, as Mr. Samuel Vaughan found it in 1787, is given in his MS. journal, owned by Mr. Chas. Deane.

[1474] The Parkman MSS. contain letters of Bougainville dated July 25, 1758; Paris, Dec. 22, Versailles, Dec. 29; Paris, Jan. 16, 1759; Versailles, Jan. 28, Feb. 1, 16; Bordeaux, March 5; Paris, Dec. 10.

[1475] Some letters of Doreil on his Paris mission (1760) are among the Parkman MSS.

[1476] The disheartening began early, as shown by Doreil’s letter of Aug. 31, 1758 (_N. Y. Col. Docs._, 828), and Montcalm, addressing Belle Isle in the spring (Apr. 12, 1759), had to depict but a sorry outlook. (_Ibid._, x. 960.)

[1477] Particularly (p. 857) in the abstracts of the despatches in the war office, complaining of Vaudreuil.

[1478] Sabin, xii. 47,556. Cf. the address of J. M. Lemoine, _Glimpses of Quebec_, 1749-1759, made in Dec., 1879, and printed in the _Transactions_ of the Lit. and Hist. Soc., 1879-80; Martin’s _De Montcalm en Canada_, ch. 9; and Viscount Bury’s _Exodus of the Western Nations_ (vol. ii. ch. 9), who seems to have used French documentary sources.

[1479] N. Y. ed., ii. ch. 6 and 7.

[1480] _Rule and Misrule of the English in America_, N. Y., 1851, p. 209.

[1481] Vol. ii. ch. 1.

[1482] New York, 1882, p. 51.

[1483] See his introduction; also Part ii. p. 59. Various characteristics of French colonization in Canada are developed by Rameau in the _Revue Canadienne_: e. g., “La race française en Canada” (x. 296); “L’administration de la justice sous la domination française” (xvi. 105); “La langue française en Canada” (new ser., i. 259); “Immigration et colonisation sous la domination française” (iv. 593).

[1484] Stanwix worked hard to put Pittsburgh into a defensible condition. Maury’s _Huguenot Family_, 416.

[1485] Indeed, military critics have questioned the general multiform plan of Pitt’s campaign as a serious error. Cf. Smollett’s _England_, and Viscount Bury’s _Exodus_, ii. 288. Pitt’s letter of Dec. 9, 1758, to the colonial governors on the coming campaign is in the _New Hampshire Prov. Papers_, vi. 703; and his letter of Dec. 29, 1758, to Amherst on the conduct of it is in the _N. Y. Col. Docs._, vii. 355. Cf. also _Chatham Correspondence_. Jared Ingersoll’s account of the character and appearance of Pitt in 1759 is given in E. E. Beardsley’s _Life and Times of William Samuel Johnson_, Boston, 2d ed., 1886, p. 21.

Col. Montresor submitted a plan for amendments which, in its main features, was like Pitt’s. Cf. _Penna. Archives_, 2d ser., vi. 433, and _N. Y. Col. Docs._, x. 907. (Cf. _Collection de Manuscrits_, Quebec, iv. 208.) The plan of Vaudreuil, Apr. 1, 1759, on the French side, is in _Ibid._, x. 952. In Dec., 1758, Gen. Winslow was in England, and William Beckford was urging Pitt to have recourse to him for information. _Chatham Correspondence_, i. 378.

[1486] _Life of Johnson_, ii. 394, etc.

[1487] There is a contemporary letter in the _Boston Evening Post_, no. 1,250, a composite account in the _Annual Register_, 1759, and another in Knox’s _Hist. Journal_, vol. ii. Papers from the London Archives are in the _New York Col. Docs._, vii. 395. There are among Charles Lee’s letters two (July 30 and Aug. 9, 1759) describing the siege of Niagara, and his subsequent route towards Duquesne is defined in another (March 1, 1760). _N. Y. Hist. Soc. Coll._, 1871, p. 9.

[1488] Vol. ii. 42; vol. iii. 165.

[1489] Cf. on Pouchot, _N. Y. Col. Docs._, x. 668, note. In the same (p. 990) are the articles of capitulation.

[1490] Vol. ii. p. 130.

[1491] Vol. ii. p. 104, etc.

[1492] Gage’s Letters, 1759-1773 (MS.), in Harvard College library. In one of them he says to Bradstreet: “You must not conclude that all the oxen that leave Schenectady reach this; and in your calculation of provisions make allowance for what may be lost, taken by and left at the Indian castles, beside what are used at the several posts.”

[1493] Amherst’s letters chronicling progress are in _N. Y. Col. Docs._, vii. 400, etc. Early in Nov., 1758, it had been rumored in Albany that Amherst was to supersede Abercrombie. (C. V. R. Bonney’s _Legacy of Hist. Gleanings_, Albany, 1875, p. 26.) A large number of letters addressed to Amherst are in the _Bernard Papers_ (Sparks MSS.), 1759. On Amherst’s family connections, cf. James E. Doyle’s _Official Baronage of England_ (London, 1886), i. p. 38.

[1494] An _Orderly Book_ of Commissary Wilson, in the possession of Gen. J. Watts De Peyster, was printed as no. 1 of _Munsell’s Historical Series_, at Albany, in 1857, with notes by Dr. O’Callaghan, which in the main concern persons mentioned in the record.

A journal of Samuel Warner, a Massachusetts soldier, is printed in the _Wilbraham Centennial_, and is quoted in De Costa’s _Lake George_. Parkman was favored by Mr. Wm. L. Stone with the use of a diary of Sergeant Merriman, of Ruggles’ regiment, and with a MS. book of general and regimental orders of the campaign. The _Journal of Rufus Putnam_ covers this forward movement. A MS. “Project for the attack on Ticonderoga, May 29, 1759, W. B. delt.,” is among the Faden maps, no. 24, Library of Congress.

[1495] A centennial address of the capture of Ticonderoga, delivered in 1859, is in Cortlandt Van Rensselaer’s _Sermons, Essays, and Addresses_, Phil., 1861.

[1496] Parkman refers to an account by Thompson Maxwell as of doubtful authenticity, as it is not sure that the writer was one of Rogers’s party. A hearsay story of equal uncertainty, respecting an ambush laid by Rogers for the Indians, as told by one Jesse Pennoyer, is given by Mrs. C. M. Day, in her _Hist. of the Eastern Townships_. Stone (_Life of Johnson_, ii. 107) says he could not find any tradition of the raid among the present descendants of the St. Francis tribe. Maurault, in his _Histoire des Abénakis_, gives an account. Vaudreuil refers to it in his letters in the _Parkman MSS._ Cf. Watson’s _County of Essex_, p. 106.

[1497] The first attempt to recount the exploits of Wolfe in the shape of a regular biography was made by a weak and florid writer, who, in 1760, “according to the rules of eloquence,” as he professed, got out a brief _Life of General James Wolfe_, which was in the same year reprinted in Boston. (Carter-Brown, iii. 1,280; Haven in Thomas, p. 557.) Nothing adequate was done, however, for a long time after, and the reader had to gather what he could from the _Annual Register_, Smollett’s _England_, Walpole’s _George II._, or from the contemporary histories of Entick and Mante. (Cf. various expressions in Walpole’s _Letters_.)

The letters of Wolfe to his parents were not used till Thomas Streatfeild made an abstract of a part of them for a proposed history of Kent; but his project falling through, the papers passed by Mahon’s influence (_Hist. of England_, 3d ed., iv. 151) to the Rev. G. R. Gleig, who used them in his _Lives of the Most Eminent British Military Commanders_ (1832). About 1827, such of the Wolfe papers as had descended from General Warde, the executor of Wolfe’s mother, to his nephew, Admiral George Warde, were placed in Robert Southey’s hands, but a life of Wolfe which he had designed was not prepared, and the papers were lost sight of until they appeared as lots 531, 532 of the _Catalogue of the Dawson Turner Sale_ in 1858, which also contained an independent collection of “Wolfiana.” Upon due presentation of the facts, the lots above named were restored to the Warde family, together with the “Wolfiana,” as it was not deemed desirable to separate the two collections. This enlarged accumulation was submitted to Mr. Robert Wright, who produced the _Life of Major-General James Wolfe_, which was published in London in 1864. To the domestic correspondence of Wolfe above referred to, which ceases to be full when the period of his greatest fame is reached, Mr. Wright added other more purely military papers, which opportunely came in his way. Some of these had belonged to Col. Rickson, a friend of Wolfe, and being filed in an old chest, in whose rusty lock the key had been broken, they had remained undisturbed till about forty years ago, when the chest was broken open, and the papers were used by Mr. John Buchanan in a sketch of Wolfe, which he printed in _Tait’s Magazine_ in 1849, and reprinted in his _Glasgow Past and Present_ in 1856. Wright found the originals in the Museum of the Antiquarian Society of Scotland, at Edinburgh, and he says they, better than the letters addressed to his mother, exhibit the tone and bent of Wolfe’s mind. The letters which passed between Wolfe and Amherst during the siege of Louisbourg (1758) were submitted to Wright by Earl Amherst, and from these, from the “Wolfiana” of Dawson Turner, from the _Chatham_ and _Bedford Correspondence_, he gathered much unused material to illustrate the campaigns which closed the struggle for Canada. See particularly a letter of Wolfe, from Halifax, May 1, 1759, detailing the progress of preparations, which is in the _Chatham Correspondence_, i. 403, as is one of Sept. 9, dated on board the “Sutherland,” off Cape Rouge (p. 425). Walpole speaks of the last letter received from Wolfe before news came of his success, and of that letter’s desponding character. “In the most artful terms that could be framed, he left the nation uncertain whether he meant to prepare an excuse for desisting, or to claim the melancholy merit of having sacrificed himself without a prospect of success.” (_Mem. of the Reign of George II._, 2d ed., iii. p. 218.) Mr. Wright, from a residence in Canada, became familiar with the scenes of Wolfe’s later life, and was incited thereby to the task which he has very creditably performed.

[1498] Cf. also, on Wolfe, James’ _Memoirs of Great Commanders_, new ed., 1858; _Bentley’s Mag._, xxxi. 353; _Eclectic Mag._, lxii. 376; _Canadian Monthly_, vii. 105, by D. Wilson. Mahon (_England_, iv. ch. 35) tells some striking stories of the way in which Wolfe’s shyness sometimes took refuge in an almost crazy dash.

[1499] The Abbé Verreau is said to have one. I note another in a sale catalogue (Bangs, N. Y., 1854, no. 1,319), and a third is cited in the _Third Report of the Hist. MSS. Commission_, p. 124, as being among the Northumberland Papers at Alnwick Castle.

[1500] This address was delivered before the N. E. Hist. Geneal. Soc. in Boston. It was not so much a narrative of events as a critical examination of various phases of the history of the siege.

Mr. W. S. Appleton describes the medal struck to commemorate the capture of Quebec and Montreal, in the _Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc._, xi. 298, and in the _Amer. Journal of Numismatics_, July, 1874. A cut of it is given on the title of the present volume. Cf. _Quebec Lit. and Hist. Soc. Transactions_, 1872-73, p. 80.

[1501] Those on the English side are as follows:—

1. _Journal of the expedition up the river St. Lawrence from the embarkation at Louisbourg ‘til after the surrender of Quebeck, by the sergeant-major of Gen. Hopson’s Grenadiers_, Boston, 1759. (Sabin, ix. 36,723.). This appeared originally in the _N. Y. Mercury_, Dec. 31, 1759, and is reprinted in the second series of the _Hist. Docs. of the Lit. and Hist. Soc. of Quebec_.

2. _Journal of the expedition up the river St. Lawrence_, beginning at Perth Amboy, May 8, 1759. The original was found among the papers of George Allsop, secretary to Sir Guy Carleton, Wolfe’s quartermaster-general. It has been printed in the _Hist. Docs._, 4th ser., of the Lit. and Hist. Soc. of Quebec.

3. Capt. Richard Gardiner’s _Memoirs of the siege of Quebec, and of the retreat of M. de Bourlamaque from Carillon to the Isle aux Noix on Lake Champlain, from the Journal of a French officer on board the Chezine frigate ... compared with the accounts transmitted home by Maj.-Gen. Wolfe_, London, 1761.

4. _An accurate and authentic Journal of the siege of Quebec, 1759, by a gentleman in an eminent station on the spot_, London, 1759. (Brinley, i. 207; H. C. library, 4376.29; Carter-Brown, iii. 1,233.)

5. _Genuine letters from a volunteer in the British service at Quebec_, London [1760]. (Carter-Brown, iii. 1,257.) 6. “Journal of the particular transactions during the siege of Quebec,” by an officer of light infantry, printed in _Notes and Queries_, xx. 370. It is reprinted in the _Hist. Mag._ (Nov., 1860), iv. 321. It extends from June 26 to Aug. 8, 1759, purports to be penned “at anchor opposite the island of Orleans.” The original is said to have been in the possession of G. Galloway, of Inverness, and is supposed to have been written by an officer of Fraser’s regiment.

7. _A short, authentic account of the expedition against Quebec, by a volunteer upon that expedition_, Quebec, 1872. It is ascribed to one James Thompson.

8. _Memoirs of the siege of Quebec and total reduction of Canada, by John Johnson, clerk and quartermaster-sergeant to the Fifty-Eighth Regiment._ A MS. of 176 pages, cited by Parkman (ii. 440) as by a pensioner at Chelsea (England) Hospital. It belongs to Geo. Francis Parkman, Esq.

9. _A short account of the expedition against Quebec ... by an engineer upon that expedition (Maj. Moncrief), with a plan of the town and basin of Quebec, and part of the adjacent country, showing the principal encampments and works of the British army, and those of the French army during the attack of 1759. Catal. of Lib. of Parliament_ (Toronto, 1858), p. 1277. There is, or was, a MS. copy in the Royal Engineers’ office at Quebec. The original is without signature, but is marked with the initials “P. M.” (Miles, _Canada_, p. 493.)

10. Col. Malcolm Fraser’s _Journal of the siege of Quebec_. This officer was of the Seventy-Eighth Highlanders. It is printed in the _Hist. Docs. of the Lit. and Hist. Soc. of Quebec_, 2d series. Cf. “Fraser’s Highlanders before Quebec, 1759,” in Lemoine’s _Maple Leaves_, new series, p. 141.

11. In the _N. Y. Hist. Coll._ (1881), p. 196, is a journal of the siege of Quebec, beginning June 4, 1759, and extending to Sept. 13, accompanied (p. 217) by letters of its author, Col. John Montresor, to his father (with enclosed diaries of events), dated Montmorency, Aug. 10; Quebec, Oct. 5 and Oct. 18.

12. In Akins’ _Pub. Doc. of Nova Scotia_, p. 452, is a long letter (July-Aug.) from James Gibson respecting the progress of the siege.

13. In the _N. E. Hist. and Geneal. Register_ (1872), p. 237, is a brief journal of the siege, beginning July 8th, kept by Daniel Lane.

14. A letter dated at Quebec, Oct. 22, 1759, written by Alexander Campbell, in the _Hist. Mag._, iv. 149.

15. Joseph Grove’s _Letter on the glorious success at Quebec ... and particularly an account of the manner of General Wolfe’s death_, London, 1759.

16. Timothy Nichols was a private in the company of John Williams, of Marblehead, and reached Wolfe’s army, by transport, July 19. He notes the daily occurrences of cannonading, fires in the town, skirmishes, fire-rafts, the attack near Montmorency, ceasing his entries Aug. 22, and dying Sept. 9. The MS., which is defective, belongs to Dr. Arthur H. Nichols, of Boston, to whom the editor is indebted for extracts.

On the French side we have:—

1. _The Second Report of the Hist. MSS. Commission_ (p. 30) notes, as among the Earl of Cathcart papers, a folio MS., “Journal de la expédition contre Québec, 1759.” It has 34½ pages, and extends from May 1 to May 10, according to the report.

2. Martin, in his _De Montcalm en Canada_, p. 239, describes an English MS. in the Bibliothèque du Ministère de la Guerre (Paris), called for a general title _Memoirs of a French Officer_, and divided into two parts:—

(1.) Begins with a narrative of the Scottish rebellion in 1745, and then gives “An account of the war in Canada to the capitulation of Montreal in 1760, with an account of the siege of Louisbourg in 1758, and an exact and impartial account of the hostilities committed in Acadia and Cape Breton before the declaration of war.”

(2.) _a._ Dialogue in Hades between Montcalm and Wolfe, reviewing, in the spirit of a military critic, the mistakes of both generals in the conduct of the campaign, not only of Quebec, but of the other converging forces of the English. This portion is given in English in the _Hist. Docs. of the Lit. and Hist. Soc. of Quebec_. Martin has a French translation of it.

_b._ “A critical, impartial, and military history of the war in Canada until the capitulation signed in 1760.” Published by the Lit. and Hist. Soc. of Quebec in 1867.

The whole MS. is attributed to a Scotch Jacobite, Chevalier Johnston, who after the suppression of the Scotch revolt went to France, and served in the campaign of this year in Canada as aid to Lévis, and afterwards as aid to Montcalm.

3. In the first series (1840) of the _Hist. Docs. of the Lit. and Hist. Soc. of Quebec_ there is a “Relation de ce qui s’est passé au siége de Québec, et de la prise du Canada, par une Religieuse de l’Hôpital Général de Québec: addressée à une communauté de son ordre en France.” It is thought to have been written in 1765; and the original belongs to the Séminaire de Québec. It was again printed at Quebec in 1855.

There was also published at Quebec, about 1827, an English version, _The siege of Quebec, and conquest of Canada: in 1759_. _By a nun of the general hospital of Quebec. Appended an account of the laying of the first stone of the monument to Wolfe and Montcalm._

4. Parkman (ii. 438) considers one of the most important unpublished documents to be the narrative of M. de Foligny, a naval officer commanding one of the batteries in the town, namely a _Journal mémoratif de ce qui s’est passé de plus remarquable pendant qu’a duré le siége de la ville de Québec_. It is preserved in the Archives de la Marine at Paris.

5. In the _Hist. Docs. of the Lit. and Hist. Soc. of Quebec_, 4th series, there is a paper, “Siége de Québec en 1759—journal tenu par M. Jean Claude Panet, ancien notaire de Québec.” It is the work of an eye-witness, and begins May 10.

6. “Journal tenu à l’armée que commandait feu M. le Marquis de Montcalm” is also printed in the _Hist. Docs. of the Lit. and Hist. Soc. of Quebec_. Parkman calls it minute and valuable.

7. Parkman cites, as from the Archives de la Marine, _Mémoires sur la Campagne de 1759, par M. de Joannès, major de Québec_.

8. _Siégede Québec, en 1759. Copie d’après un manuscrit apporté de Londres, par l’honorable D. B. Viger, lors de son retour en Canada, en septembre 1834-mai 1835. Copie d’un manuscrit déposé à la bibliothèque de Hartwell en Angleterre._ This was printed in a small edition at Quebec in 1836, and Parkman (ii. 438) calls it a very valuable diary of a citizen of Quebec.

9. In the first series of the _Hist. Docs. of the Lit. and Hist. Soc. of Quebec_ is a “Jugement impartial sur les opérations militaires de la campagne en 1759, par M^{gr} de Pontbriand, Évêque de Québec.” It aims only to touch controverted points. It is translated in _N. Y. Col. Docs._, x. 1059. Cf. “Lettres de M^{gr} Pontbriand,” in _Revue Canadienne_, viii. 438.

10. Leclerc, in his _Bibliotheca Americana_ (Maisonneuve, Paris), 1878, no. 770, describes a manuscript, _Mémoires sur les affaires du Canada, 1756-1760, par Potot de Montbeillard, Commandant d’Artillerie_, as a daily journal, written on the spot, never printed, and one of three copies known. Priced at 400 francs. This has been secured by Mr. Parkman since the publication of his book.

11. The Lit. and Hist. Soc. of Quebec has also printed a document, the original of which was found in the Archives du département de la Guerre at Paris, entitled: _Événements de la Guerre en Canada durant les années 1759 et 1760: Relation du Siége de Québec du 27 Mai au 8 Aôut, 1759: Campagne du Canada depuis le 1^{er} Juin jusqu’au 15 Septembre, 1759_. These are followed by other documents, including no. 6 (_ante_).

[1502] The Parkman MSS. contain transcripts from these archives, 1666-1759.

[1503] These are translated in _N. Y. Col. Docs._, x., with others: such as a published narrative of the French, ending Aug. 8 (p. 993); an account, June 1 to Sept. 15 (p. 1001); Montreuil’s letter (p. 1013); a journal of operations with Montcalm’s army (p. 1016); and Bigot’s letter to Belle Isle on the closing movements of the siege (p. 1051).

The collection of Montcalm letters in the Parkman MSS., copied from the originals in the possession of the present Marquis of Montcalm, begins in America, May 19 (Quebec), 1756, when he says that he had arrived on the 12th. The others are from Montreal, June 16, 19, July 20, Aug. 30; from Carillon, Sept. 18; from Montreal, Nov. 3, 9, Apr. 1 (1757), 16, 24, June 6, July 1, 4, 8, Aug. 19; from Quebec, Sept. 13, Feb. 19 (1758); from Montreal, Apr. 10, 18, 20, June 2; from Carillon, July 14, 21, Aug. 20, 24, Sept. 25, Oct. 16, 27; from Montreal, Nov. 21, 29, Apr. 12 (1759), May 16, 19.

The Parkman MSS. also contain letters of Montcalm to Bourlamaque, copied from the Bourlamaque papers, beginning with one from Montreal, June 25, 1756, and they are continued to his death; to which are added letters of Bougainville and Bernetz, written after the death of Montcalm.

[1504] Vol. ii. 441.

[1505] Cf. “Où est mort Montcalm?” by J. M. Lemoine, in _Revue Canadienne_, 1867, p. 630; and the document given in the _Coll. de Manuscrits_ (Quebec), iv. 231.

[1506] Vol. ii. 325.

[1507] In this last there seems to be an allusion to a book which appeared in London in 1777, in French and English, published by Almon, called _Lettres de Monsieur le Marquis de Montcalm à Messieurs de Berryer et de la Molé, écrites dans les années 1757, 1758, et 1759_. (Sabin, xii. p. 305; Barlow’s _Rough List_, no. 1,095.) The letters were early suspected to be forgeries, intended to help the argument of the American cause in 1777 by prognosticating the resistance and independency of the English colonists, to follow upon the conquest of Canada and the enforced taxation of the colonies by the crown. These views came out in what purported to be a letter from Boston, signed “S. J.,” to Montcalm, and by him cited and accepted. The alleged letters were apparently passed round in manuscript in London as early as Dec., 1775, when Hutchinson (_Diary and Letters_, p. 575) records that Lord Hardwicke sent them to him, “which I doubt not,” adds the diarist, “are fictitious, as they agree in no circumstance with the true state of the colonies at the time.” Despite the doubt attaching to them, they have been quoted by many writers as indicating the prescience of Montcalm; and the essential letter to Molé is printed, for instance, without qualification by Warburton in his _Conquest of Canada_ (vol. ii.), and is used by Bury in his _Exodus of the Western Nations_, by Barry in his _Hist. of Mass._, by Miles in his _Canada_ (p. 425), and by various others. Lord Mahon gave credence to it in his _Hist. of England_ (orig. ed., vi. 143; but see 5th ed., vi. 95). Carlyle came across this letter in a pamphlet by Lieut.-Col. Beatson, _The Plains of Abraham_, published at Gibraltar in 1858, and citing it thence embodied it in his _Frederick the Great_. Ten years later Parkman found a copy of the letter among the papers of the present Marquis de Montcalm, but inquiry established the fact that it was not in the autograph of the alleged writer. This, with certain internal evidences, constitutes the present grounds for rejecting the letters as spurious, and Parkman further points out (vol. ii. 326) that Verreau identifies the handwriting of the suspected copy of the letter as that of Roubaud.

Mr. Parkman first made a communication respecting the matter to the _Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc._, June, 1869 (vol. xi. pp. 112-128), where the editor, Dr. Charles Deane, appended notes on the vicissitudes of the opinions upon the genuineness of the letters; and these data were added to by Henry Stevens in a long note in his _Bibliotheca Historica_, no. 1,336. Carlyle finally accepted the arguments against them. (_M. H. Soc. Proc._, Jan., 1870, vol. xi. 199.)

[1508] This periodical was begun in 1758, and Mahon speaks of its narratives as “written with great spirit and compiled with great care.”

[1509] The victory of Quebec, as well as British successes in Germany, induced the formation in England of a “Society for the Encouragement of the British Troops,” of which Jonas Hanway printed at London, in 1760, an _Account_, detailing the assistance which had been rendered to soldiers’ widows, etc. (Sabin, viii. no. 30,276. There is a copy in Harv. Coll. Library.)

[1510] Smith’s _Hist. of New York_ (1830, vol. ii.); the younger Smith’s _Hist. of Canada_ (vol. i. ch. 2); Chalmers’ _Revolt_, etc. (vol. ii.); Grahame’s _United States_ (vol. ii.); Mortimer’s _England_ (vol. iii.); Mahon’s _England_, 5th ed. (vol. iv. ch. 35), erroneous in some details; Warburton’s _Conquest of Canada_ (vol. ii. ch. 10-12); Bancroft, _United States_, orig. ed., iv.; final revision, vol. ii.; Gay’s _Pop. Hist. U. S._ (vol. iii. 305); a paper by Sydney Robjohns, in the _Roy. Hist. Soc. Trans._, v.

[1511] It is reprinted in the _Eclectic Mag._, xxvii. 121, and in _Littell’s Living Age_, xxxiv. 551.

[1512] Fourth ed., vol. ii. p. 313.

[1513] Cf. also his papers on Montcalm in the _Revue Canadienne_, xiii. 822, 906; xiv. 31, 93, 173. Thomas Chapais’ “Montcalm et le Canada,” in _Nouvelles Soirées Canadiennes_, i. 418, 543, is a review of Bonnechose’s fifth edition.

[1514] Vol. ii. 298, 305, 436.

[1515] Miles’ _Canada_, 418.

[1516] Parkman, ii. 317. Walpole (_Mem. of the Reign of George II._, 2d ed., iii. p. 218) says that “Townshend and other officers had crossed Wolfe in his plans, but he had not yielded.”

[1517] Carter-Brown, iii. no. 1,267.

[1518] Carter-Brown, iii. no. 1,268.

[1519] _N. Y. Col. Docs._, vii. 422.

[1520] Aspinwall Papers, in _Mass. Hist. Coll._, xxxix. 241.

[1521] Stone’s _Life of Johnson_, ii. 122, etc.

[1522] _Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll._, xxxix. 249, etc.

[1523] _Ibid._, p. 302.

[1524] _N. Y. Col. Docs._, x. 1139. There are letters received by Bourlamaque between June 28, 1756, and the end of the contest in Canada (1760), preserved in the collection of Sir Thomas Phillipps. They are from Vaudreuil, De Lévis (after 1759), Berniers, Bougainville, Murray, Malartic, D’Hébécourt, etc. Copies of them are in the Parkman MSS. (Mass. Hist. Soc.).

There is a summary of the strategical movements of the war in a _Précis of the Wars in Canada, 1755-1814_, prepared, by order of the Duke of Wellington in 1826, by Maj.-Gen. Sir James Carmichael-Smyth, “for the use and convenience of official people only.” During the American civil war (1862) a public edition was issued, edited by the younger Sir James Carmichael, with the thought that some entanglement of Great Britain in the American civil war (1861-1865) might render the teachings of the book convenient. The editor, in an introduction, undertakes to say “that the State of Maine has exhibited an unmistakable desire for annexation to the British Crown,” which, if carried out, would enable Great Britain better to maintain military connection between Canada and New Brunswick.

[1525] _America and West Indies_, vol. xcix.

[1526] Vol. ii. 359.

[1527] Vol. ii. 292-322.

[1528] Vol. ii. 359.

[1529] _Quebec Past and Present_, p. 177.

[1530] _Canada_, 4th ed., vol. ii. 351.

[1531] _Picturesque Quebec_, 305.

[1532] Cf. Martin, _De Montcalm en Canada_, ch. 14; Philippe Aubert de Gaspé’s _Anciens Canadiens_ (Quebec, 1863), p. 277. In 1854 E. P. Tache delivered a discourse at a ceremonial held by the Société Saint-Jean-Baptiste de Québec, on the occasion of “l’inhumation solennelle des ossements trouvés sur le champ de bataille de Sainte-Foye.” There is an account of the monument on the ground in Lemoine’s _Quebec Past and Present_, p. 295.

For the winter in Quebec, see _Les Ursulines de Québec_, vol. iii.

On the 26th of January Col. John Montresor was sent by way of the Chaudière and Kennebec to carry despatches to Amherst in New York. His journal till his return to Quebec, May 20, is in the _N. E. Hist. and Geneal. Reg._, 1882, p. 29, and in the library of the N. E. Hist. Geneal. Soc. is the map which he made of his route. (_Mag. of Amer. Hist._, Oct., 1882, p. 709.) Cf. also _Maine Hist. Coll._, vol. i.; _N. Y. Hist. Coll._, 1881, pp. 117, 524.

[1533] Woodhull was the colonel of the Third Regiment of N. Y. Provincials, and was with Amherst. The journal begins at Albany, June 11, and ends Sept. 27, 1760. It is in the _Hist. Mag._, v. 257.

[1534] Mante’s account is copied in Hough’s _St. Lawrence and Franklin Counties_, p. 89, where the passage down the St. Lawrence is treated at length. Dr. Hough judges the account of the taking of Fort Lévis, as given by David Humphrey in his _Works_ (New York, 1804, p. 280), to be mostly fabulous. Hough (p. 704) also prints Governor Colden’s proclamation on the capture. Pouchot gives a plan of the attack. There are various documents, French and English, in _Collection de documents_ (Quebec), iv. 245, 283, 297.

[1535] Vol. xxxix. p. 316.

[1536] Vol. ii. p. 360.

[1537] The success of the campaign made Amherst a Knight of the Bath, and his investiture with the insignia took place at Staten Island in Oct., 1761, and is described in the _Mag. of Amer. Hist._, ii. 502.

Charles Carroll (_Journal to Canada_, ed. 1876, p. 86) seems to give it as a belief current in his time (1776) that Amherst took the route by Oswego and the St. Lawrence because he feared being foiled by obstructions at Isle-aux-Noix. The correspondence of Amherst and the Nova Scotia authorities is noted in T. B. Akins’s _List of MS. Docs. in the government offices at Halifax_ (1886), p. 12.

[1538] Amherst’s order to Rogers is in Lanman’s _Michigan_, p. 85. Rogers made a detour from Presqu’isle to Fort Pitt to deliver orders to Monckton.

[1539] Cf. Rupp’s _Early Penna._, p. 50.

[1540] Cf. also Blanchard’s _Discovery and Conquests of the Northwest_, ch. vi.

[1541] Cf. Lemoine, _Maple Leaves_, new ser., 79.

[1542] Lemoine, p. 115. See also _Les Anciens Canadiens_, ii. p. 5.

[1543] Moreau’s _Principales requêtes du Procureur-Général en la commission établie dans l’affaire du Canada_ [1763].

_Mémoire pour le Marquis de Vaudreuil, ci-devant Gouverneur et Lieutenant-Général de la Nouvelle France_, Paris, 1763.

_Mémoire pour Messire François Bigot ... accusé, contre Monsieur le Procureur-Général ... contenant l’histoire de l’administration du Sieur Bigot_, Paris, 1763, 2 vols. This is signed by Dupont and others, with a “Suite de la seconde Partie,” “contenant la discussion et le détail des chefs d’accusation.”

_Mémoire pour Michel-Jean-Hugues Péan contre M. le Procureur-Général accusateur_, Paris, 1763.

_Réponse du Sieur Breard, ci-devant contrôleur de la marine à Québec, aux mémoires de M. Bigot et du Sieur Péan_ [par Clos], Paris, 1763.

_Mémoire pour D. de Joncaire Chabert, ci-devant commandant au petit Fort de Niagara, contre M. le Procureur-Général_ [par Clos], in three parts.

_Mémoire pour le Sieur de la Bourdonnais_ and _supplément_.

_Mémoire pour le Sieur Duverger de Saint Blin, lieutenant d’enfantrie dans les troupes étant ci-devant en Canada, contre M. le Procureur-Général_, Paris, 1763.

_Mémoire pour_ [Charles Deschamps] _le Sieur de Boishebert ci-devant commandant à l’Acadie_ [par Clos].

_Mémoire du Sieur_ [Jean-Baptiste] _Martel_ [de Saint-Antoine] _dans l’affaire du Canada_, 1763.

Jean-Baptiste-Jacques-Elie de Beaumont’s _Observations sur les profits prétendus indûment faits par la Société Lemoine des Pins_, 1763.

Sufflet de Berville’s _Jugement rendu souverainement et en dernier ressort dans l’affaire du Canada du 10 Decembre, 1763_, [contre Bigot, etc.], Paris, 1763.

Some of these are mentioned in Stevens’ _Bibl. Geographica_, nos. 546-551.

On Bigot, cf. Lemoine, “Sur les dernières années de la domination française en Canada,” in _Revue Canadienne_, 1866, p. 165.

[1544] See Vol. III., Index.

[1545] Frothingham, _Rise of the Republic_, p. 86. Bancroft makes a brief summary of movements towards union in the opening chapter of vol. viii. of his final revision.

[1546] Cf. also _Rise of the Republic_, p. 111.

[1547] Cf. _Rise of the Republic_, p. 111.

[1548] _Rise of the Republic_, p. 112.

[1549] _Hist. Mag._, iii. 123.

[1550] Cf., on Coxe, G. M. Hills’ _Hist. of the Church in Burlington, N. J._ (2d ed.), where there is a portrait of Coxe.

[1551] No attempt is made to enumerate all the conferences with the Indians in which several colonies joined. They often resulted in records or treaties, of which many are given in the _Brinley Catalogue_ (vol. iii. no. 5,486, etc.). Records of many such will also be found in the _N. Y. Col. Docs._ and in _Penna. Archives_. Cf. Stone’s _Sir William Johnson_. See chapters ii. and viii. of the present volume.

[1552] _Rise of the Republic_, 116. Cf. also Kennedy’s _Serious Considerations on the Present State of the Affairs of the Northern Colonies_, New York, 1754. James Maury was writing about this time: “It is our common misfortune that there is no mutual dependence, no close connection between these several colonies: they are quite disunited by separate views and distinct interests, and like a bold and rapid river, which, though resistless when included in one channel, is yet easily resistible when subdivided into several inferior streams.” (Maury’s _Huguenot Family_, 382.) In March, 1754, Shirley urged a union upon the governor of New Hampshire. (_N. H. Prov. Papers_, vi. 279.)

[1553] The commissions of the deputies are printed in _Penna. Archives_, ii. 137, etc.

[1554] Cf. Shirley to Gov. Wentworth, in _N. H. Prov. Papers_, vi. 279.

[1555] Sparks’s ed., iii. 26. The “Short Hints,” with Alexander’s and Colden’s notes, are preserved in a MS. in the N. Y. Hist. Soc. Library; and from this paper they were first printed in Sedgwick’s _Life of William Livingston_, Appendix. A MS. in Colden’s handwriting is among the _Sparks MSS._ (no. xxxix.).

[1556] It can also be found in _Penna. Col. Rec._, vi. 105; _N. Y. Col. Docs._, vi. 889; Minot’s _Massachusetts_, i. 191; Pownall’s _Administration of the Colonies_, 1768, app. iv.; Trumbull’s _Connecticut_, app. i.; Haliburton’s _Rule and Misrule of the English in America_, p. 253,—not to name other places.

There is a MS. copy among the Shelburne Papers, as shown in the _Hist. MSS. Commission’s Report_, no. 5, p. 55.

[1557] The first of these is by Franklin, in his _Autobiography_. It will be found in Sparks’s ed., p. 176, and in Bigelow’s edition, p. 295. Cf. also Bigelow’s _Life of Franklin, written by himself_, i. 308, and Parton’s _Life of Franklin_, i. 337.

The second is that by Thomas Hutchinson, contained in his _Hist. of Mass. Bay_ (iii. p. 20).

The third is William Smith’s, in his _History of New York_ (ed. of 1830), ii. p. 180, etc.

The fourth is in Stephen Hopkins’s _A true representation of the plan formed at Albany [in 1754], for uniting all the British northern colonies, in order to their common safety and defence_. It is dated at Providence, Mar. 29, 1755. (Carter-Brown, iii. 1,065.) It was included in 1880 as no. 9, with introduction and notes by S. S. Rider, in the _Rhode Island Historical Tracts_. Cf. William E. Foster’s “Statesmanship of the Albany Congress” in his _Stephen Hopkins_ (_R. I. Hist. Tracts_), i. p. 155, and his examination of current errors regarding the congress (ii. p. 249). This account by Hopkins is the amplest of the contemporary narratives which we have.

[1558] Cf. John Adams’ _Novanglus_ in his _Works_, iv. 19; Parton’s _Franklin_, i. 340; John Almon’s _Biog., Lit., and Polit. Anecdotes_ (London, 1797), vol. ii.

[1559] This subject, however, is examined with greater or less fulness—not mentioning works already referred to—in William Pulteney’s _Thoughts on the present state of affairs with America_ (4th ed., London, 1778); Chalmers’ _Revolt of the American Colonies_, ii. 271; Trumbull’s _Connecticut_, ii. 355-57, 541-44; Belknap’s _New Hampshire_, ii. 284; Minot’s _Massachusetts_, i. 188-198; Sparks’s edition of _Franklin_, iii. p. 22; Pitkin’s _Civil and Political Hist. of the U. States_, i. 143; Bancroft’s _United States_ (final revision), ii. 385, 389; Barry’s _Massachusetts_, ii. 176 (with references); Palfrey’s _Compendious Hist. New England_, iv. 200; Weise’s _Hist. of Albany_, p. 313; Stone’s _Sir William Johnson_, i. ch. 14; Munsell’s _Annals of Albany_, vol. iii., 2d ed. (1871); Greene’s _Hist. View Amer. Revolution_ (lecture iii.).

[1560] Another MS. is in the _Trumbull MSS._, i. 97.

[1561] It is printed in _N. Y. Col. Docs._, vi. 917; _Penna. Archives_, 2d ser., vi. 206.

[1562] It is printed in _N. Y. Col. Docs._, vi. 903; _Penna. Archives_, 2d ser., vi. 206.

[1563] _Montcalm and Wolfe_, ii. 383, etc.

[1564] Orig. ed., iv. ch. 17; and final revision, ii.

[1565] There was an English version issued in London the same year. Carter-Brown, iii. nos. 1, 294-95. The tract is known to be the production of Jean François Bastide. Both editions are in Harvard College library [4376.34 and 35].

[1566] _Considerations on the importance of Canada ... addressed to Pitt_, London, 1759. (Harv. Coll. lib., 4376.39).

The superior gain to Great Britain from the retention, not of Canada, but of the sugar and other West India islands, is expressed in a _Letter to a Great M——r on the prospect of peace, wherein the demolition of the fortifications of Louisbourg is shewn to be absurd, the importance of Canada fully refuted, the proper barrier pointed out in North America, etc._, London, 1761. (Carter-Brown, iii. 1,299.)

_Examination of the Commercial Principles of the late Negotiation, etc._, London, 1762. (Two editions. Carter-Brown, iii. no. 1,321.) _Comparative importance of our acquisitions from France in America, with remarks on a pamphlet, intitled An Examination of the Commercial Principles of the late Negotiation in 1761_, London, 1762. There was a second edition the same year. (Carter-Brown, iii. nos. 1,317-18.)

Burke was held to be the author of a tract, _Comparative importance of the commercial principles of the late negotiation between Great Britain and France in 1761, in which the system of that negotiation with regard to our colonies and commerce is considered_, London, 1762. (Carter-Brown, iii. no. 1,319.)

[1567] Carter-Brown, iii. 1,263-1,266. The two great men were Pitt and Newcastle. The _Letter_ was reprinted in Boston, 1760. As to its authorship, Halkett and Laing say that it “was generally attributed to William Pulteney, Earl of Bath, and is so attributed in Lord Stanhope’s _History of England_; but according to Chalmers’ _Biographical Dictionary_ it was really written by John Douglas, D. D., Bishop of Salisbury.” Sabin says that it has been attributed to Junius. Cf. Bancroft, orig. ed., iv. p. 364.

[1568] There were editions in Dublin, Boston, and Philadelphia the same year. (Carter-Brown, iii. nos. 1,251-55. Cf. _Franklin’s Works_, Sparks’s ed., iv. p. 1.)

[1569] Cf. Bancroft, orig. ed. iv. pp. 369, 460. “After the surrender of Montreal in 1759, rumors were everywhere spread that the English would now new-model the colonies, demolish the charters, and reduce all to royal governments.” John Adams, preface to _Novanglus_, ed. 1819, in _Works_, iv. 6.

[1570] Sparks’s _Franklin_, i. p. 255; Parton’s _Franklin_, i. 422. It is also held that Franklin’s connection with this pamphlet was that of a helper of Richard Jackson. _Catal. of Works relating to Franklin in the Boston Pub. Library_, p. 8. Lecky (_England in the XVIIIth Century_, iii. ch. 12) traces the controversy over the retention of Canada. Various papers on the peace are noted in the _Fifth Report of the Hist. MSS. Commission_ as being among the Shelburne Papers.

[1571] Among other tracts see _Appeal to Knowledge, or candid discussions of the preliminaries of peace signed at Fontainebleau, Nov. 3, 1762, and laid before both houses of Parliament_, London, 1763. (Carter-Brown, iii. 1,340.) There is a paper on the treaty in _Dublin University Mag._, vol. 1. 641. Cf. “The Treaty of Paris, 1763, and the Catholics in American Colonies,” by D. A. O’Sullivan, in _Amer. Cath. Quart. Rev._, x. 240 (1885).

[1572] The treaty is printed in the _Gent. Mag._, xxxiii. 121-126.

[1573] It is given in the _Annual Register_ (1763); in the _Gentleman’s Magazine_ (Oct., 1763, p. 479), with a map (p. 476) defining the boundaries of the acquired provinces; in Sparks’s _Franklin_, iv. 374; in Mills’ _Boundaries of Ontario_, pp. 192-98, and elsewhere. For other maps of the new American acquisitions, see the _London Magazine_ (Feb., 1763); Kitchen’s map of the Province of Quebec, in _Ibid._ (1764, p. 496); maps of the Floridas, in _Gent. Mag._ (1763, p. 552); of Louisiana, _Ibid._ (1763, p. 284), and _London Mag._ (1765, June).

[1574] Thomson, _Bibliog. of Ohio_, no. 838; Sabin, xii. 49,693; Harv. Coll. lib., 4375.29; Rich, _Bib. Am. Nova_ (after 1700), p. 121.

[1575] Brinley, i. 221.

[1576] Rich, _Bib. Am. Nov._ (after 1700), p. 134.

[1577] Carter-Brown, iii. no. 1,351; Stevens, _Bibl. Geog._, no. 891.

[1578] Carter-Brown, iii. no. 1,389; Rich, _Bib. Am. Nova_ (after 1700), p. 144.

[1579] Carter-Brown, iii. no. 1,483. Cf. similar titles in Sabin, iv. 15,056-58, but given anonymously.

[1580] Carter-Brown, iii. no. 1,680; Sabin, ix. p. 529; Rich, _Bib. Am. Nova_ (after 1700), p. 168.

[1581] Rich, _Bib. Am. Nov._ (after 1770), p. 180.

[1582] Field, _Ind. Bibliog._, no. 1,003; Brinley, i. no. 241; Rich, _Bib. Am. Nova_ (after 1770), p. 188; Sabin, xi. 44,396. It is worth about $75 or more.

[1583] Rich, _Bib. Am. Nov._ (after 1700), p. 146; Barlow’s _Rough List_, nos. 985, 986.

[1584] In the vol. for 1757 (xxvii. p. 74) there is a map of the seat of war.

[1585] Rich, _Bib. Am. Nova_ (since 1700), p. 135.

[1586] Sabin, xv. 64,707.

[1587] Sabin, xv. 64,708. Part (57) of the edition (200) is in large quarto. Field, _Indian Bibliog._, no. 1,236.

[1588] On the publications and MS. collections of the Lit. and Hist. Soc. of Quebec, covering the period in question, see _Revue Canadienne_, vi. 402. The society was founded in 1834 by the Earl of Dalhousie.

[1589] _Bib. Am. Nova_ (after 1700), p. 131.

[1590] Leclerc, _Bibl. Americana_, no. 771; Stevens, _Bibl. Geog._, no. 1,122; Carter-Brown, iii. no. 1,221.

[1591] _Transactions Lit. and Hist. Soc. Quebec_, 1871-72, p. 117.

[1592] A letter from Mr. Parkman, cited in vol. ii. p. xv., explains the gaps which provokingly occur in the Poore collection. See _ante_, p. 165, and Vol. IV, p. 366.

[1593] Mr. J. M. Lemoine has a paper, “Les Archives du Canada,” in the _Transactions of the Royal Soc. of Canada_, vol. i. p. 107.

[1594] Various documents relating to the war, particularly letters received by the governor of Maryland, are in the cabinet of the Maryland Hist. Soc., an account of which is given in Lewis Meyer’s Description of the MSS. in that society’s possession (1884), pp. 8, 13, etc. The printed index to the MSS. in the British Museum yields a key to the progress of the war under such heads as Abercrombie, Amherst, Bouquet, etc.

[1595] _Laws and Resolves_, 1885, ch. 337.

[1596] Resolves, 1884, ch. 60. See _ante_, p. 165.

[1597] See _ante_, p. 166.

[1598] Rich, _Bib. Amer. Nova_ (after 1700), pp. 108, 114.

[1599] See _ante_, p. 158.

[1600] London (1757, 1758, 1760, 1765, 1766, 1770, 1777, 1808, two), Dublin (1762, 1777), Boston (1835, 1851); beside making part of editions of Burke’s _Works_. Its authorship was for some time in doubt. (Sabin, iii. 9,282, 9,283, who also enumerates various translations, 9,284, etc.)

[1601] Carter-Brown, iii. no. 1,767; Rich, _Bib. Am. Nova_, after 1700, p. 178.

[1602] Rich, _Bib. Am. Nov._, after 1770, p. 192.

[1603] Rich, _Bib. Am. Nov._, after 1700, p. 262.

[1604] Rich (_Bib. Am. Nov._, after 1700, p. 118) describes it. There is a copy in Harvard College library.

[1605] Sabin, ix. 35,962-63.

[1606] See _ante_, p. 162.

[1607] London, 1757. Harv. Coll. library; Barlow’s _Rough List_, 939, etc. The Beckford copy on large paper, with the original view of Oswego, was priced by Quaritch in 1885 at £63. An octavo ed. was printed in 1776. A French version, _Histoire de la Nouvelle-York_, was published at London in 1767.

[1608] _New York_ (1814), pp. xii., 135. Cf. Cadwallader Colden on Smith’s _New York_ (_N. Y. Hist. Soc. Coll._, ii. 203, etc.).

[1609] Vol. IV. p. 367.

[1610] Vol. IV. pp. 157, 367.

[1611] Cf. a “Discours” at Garneau’s tomb by Chauveau, in the _Revue Canadienne_, 1867, p. 694; and an account of Garneau’s life in _Ibid._, new series, iv. 199. Cf. J. M. Lemoine (_Maple Leaves_, 2d ser., p. 175) on the “Grave of Garneau.” Cf. Lareau’s _Littérature Canadienne_, p. 157, and J. M. Lemoine’s “Nos quatre historiens modernes,—Bibaud, Garneau, Ferland, Faillon,” in _Trans. Roy. Soc. Canada_, i. p. 1.

[1612] Lareau’s _Littérature Canadienne_, p. 230.

[1613] G. W. Greene, in _Putnam’s Mag._, 1870, p. 171.

[1614] _United States_, i. 263.

[1615] _History of the Rise and Progress of the United States._ Lond., 1827; N. Y., 1830; Boston, 1833. Sabin, vii. no. 28,244.

[1616] _History of the United States to the Declaration of Independence._ Lond., 1836; 2d ed., enlarged, Philad., 1845; but some copies have Boston, 1845; Philad., again in 1846 and 1852. Sabin, vii. 28,245.

[1617] Edmund Quincy’s _Life of Josiah Quincy_, p. 479. In the present History, Vol. III. p. 378.

[1618] _Hist. of the United States of America._

[1619] _Hist. of the United States of America._

[1620] _Popular Hist. of the United States._

[1621] _History of England._

[1622] _History of England from the Peace of Utrecht to the Peace of Versailles, 1713-1783, by Lord Mahon_, 5th ed., London, 1858.

[1623] In review of this book, Gen. J. Watts de Peyster gives a military critique on the campaigns of the war in the _Hist. Mag._, May, 1869 (vol. xv. p. 297).

* * * * * *

Transcriber’s note:

—Obvious errors were corrected.