chapter vi. of the present volume.—ED.

[549] [See a previous page.—ED.]

[550] See Hutchinson’s _History of Massachusetts_, i. 9; Belknap’s _New Hampshire_, App. xv.

[551] Bradford, _Plymouth Plantation_, pp. 89, 90; Brigham, _Charter and Laws of New Plymouth_, pp. 36, 49, 50, 241; 1 _Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll._, iii. 56-64. For the discussion of questions of European and Aboriginal right to the soil, see Sullivan, _History of Land Titles in Mass._, Boston, 1801, and John Buckley’s “Inquiry, etc.,” 1 _Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll._, iv. 159.

[552] But cf. _Magazine of American History_, 1883, p. 141; and Davis’s _Ancient Landmarks of Plymouth_, p. 61. I should add here that it has been recently suggested to me as a possible alternative, that this seal is that of the Council for the Northern Colony of Virginia.

[553] The name “Massachusetts,” so far as I have observed, is first mentioned by Captain Smith, in his _Description of New England_, 1616. He spells the word variously, but he appears to use the term “Massachuset” and “Massachewset” to denote the country, while he adds a final s when he is speaking of the inhabitants. He speaks of “Massachusets Mount” and “Massachusets River,” using the word also in its possessive form; while in another place he calls the former “the high mountain of Massachusit.” To this mountain, on his map, he gives the English name of “Chevyot Hills.” Hutchinson (i. 460) supposes the Blue Hills of Milton to be intended. He says that a small hill near Squantum, the former seat of a great Indian sachem, was called Massachusetts Hill, or Mount Massachusetts, down to his time. Cotton, in his Indian vocabulary, says the word means “a hill in the form of an arrow’s head.” See also Neal’s _New England_, ii. 215, 216. In the Massachusetts charter the name is spelled in three or four different ways, to make sure of a description of the territory. Cf. Letter of J. H. Trumbull, in _Amer. Antiq. Soc. Proc._, Oct. 21, 1867, p. 77; and _Memorial History of Boston_, i. 37.

[554] See S. F. Haven’s “Origin of the Massachusetts Company,” in _Archæologia Americana_, vol. iii.

[555] This matter is discussed by Dr. Haven in the Lecture above cited, pp. 29, 30; and by the present writer in _Memorial History of Boston_, i. 341-343, _note_. See also Gorges, _Briefe Narration_, pp. 40, 41.

[556] It is printed in Hutchinson’s _Collection of Papers_, 1769; and also in vol. i. of the _Colony Records_.

[557] See 4 _Mass. Hist. Coll._, vii. 159-161.

[558] [In six volumes, royal quarto; cf. _Massachusetts Historical Society Lectures_, p. 230; _N. E. Hist. and Geneal. Reg._, 1848, p. 105; and 1854, p. 369. They were published at $60, but they can be occasionally picked up now at $25.—ED.]

[559] [See Memoir and portrait in _N. E. Hist. and Geneal. Reg._, 1870, p. 1; cf. _Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc._, xiv. 113; and _Historical Magazine_, xvii. 107.—ED.]

[560] [Dr. Palfrey (vol. iii. p. vii) has pointedly condemned it, and the arrangement will be found set forth in the _N. E. Hist. and Geneal. Reg._, 1848, p. 105. Besides much manuscript material (not yet put into print) at the State House, and in the Cabinet of the Historical Society, and the usual local depositories, mention may be made of some papers relating to New England recorded in the _Sparks Catalogue_, p. 215; and the numerous documents in the Egerton and other manuscripts, in the British Museum, as brought out in its printed _Catalogues of Manuscripts_, and Colonel Chester’s list of manuscripts in the Bodleian, in _Historical Magazine_, xiv. 131. Mr. S. L. M. Barlow, of New York, has an ancient copy of the Records of the Massachusetts Company (_Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc._, iii. 36).

Brodhead’s prefaces to the published records of New York indicated the sources of early manuscript material in the different Government offices of England, equally applicable to Massachusetts; but these records have now been gathered into the public Record Office, some account of which will be found in Mr. B. F. Stevens’s “Memorial,” _Senate, Miscellaneous Documents_ no. 24, 47th Congress, 2d session, and in the _London Quarterly_, April, 1871. It requires formality and permission to examine these papers, only as they are later than 1760. The calendaring and printing of them, begun in 1855, is now going on; and Mr. Hale has described (in the _Christian Examiner_, May, 1861) the work as planned and superintended by Mr. Sainsbury. Three of these volumes already issued—_Calendar of State Papers, Colonial America_, vol. i., 1574-1660; vol. v., 1661-1668; vol. vii., 1669—are of much use to American students. Mr. F. S. Thomas, Secretary of the public Record Office, issued in 1849 a _History of the State Paper Office and View of the Documents therein Deposited_. Mr. C. W. Baird described these depositories in London in the _Magazine of American History_, ii. 321.—ED.]

[561] [A list of the publications of this Society, brought down, however, no later than 1868, will be found in the _Historical Magazine_, xiv. 99; and in 1871 Dr. S. A. Green issued a bibliography of the Society, which was also printed in its _Proceedings_, xii. 2. The first seven volumes of its first series of _Collections_ were early reprinted. Each series of ten volumes has its own index. The Society’s history is best gathered from its own _Proceedings_, the publication of which was begun in 1855; but two volumes have also been printed, covering the earlier years 1791-1854. The first of these dates marks the founding of this the oldest historical society in this country. Its founder, if one person can be so called, was Dr. Jeremy Belknap, who was one of the earliest who gave the writing of history in America a reputable character. His _Life_ has been written by his granddaughter, Mrs. Jules Marcou, and the book is reviewed by Francis Parkman in the _Christian Examiner_, xliv. 78; cf. _Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc._, i. 117; iii. 285; ix. 12; xiv. 37. His historical papers are described by C. C. Smith in the _Unitarian Review_, vii. 604. The two principal societies working parallel with it in part, though professedly of wider scope, are the American Antiquarian Society, at Worcester (not to be confounded with the Worcester Society of Antiquity,—a local antiquarian association), and the New England Historic, Genealogical Society, in Boston. The former has issued the _Archæologia Americana_ and _Proceedings_ (cf. _Historical Magazine_, xiv. 107); while the latter has been the main support of the _New England Historical and Genealogical Register_, which has published an annual volume since 1847, and these have contained various data for the history of the Society. Cf. 1855, p. 10; 1859, p. 266; 1861, preface; 1862, p. 203; 1863, preface; 1870, p. 225; 1876, p. 184, and reprinted as revised; 1879, preface, and p. 424, by E. B. Dearborn. To these associations may be added the Essex Institute, of Salem, the Connecticut Valley Historical Society (begun in 1876), the Dorchester Antiquarian Society, the Old Colony Historical Society (cf. the chapter on the Pilgrims),—all of which unite historical fellowship with publication,—and the Prince Society, an organization for publishing only, whose series of annotated volumes relating to early Massachusetts history is a valuable one.—ED.]

[562] It is a volume of great value, and brings from $10 to $15 at sales. It is sometimes found lettered on the back as vol. iii. of the _History_. A third edition of the _History_ was published in Boston in 1795, with poor type and poor paper. [A reprint of the _Papers_ was made by the Prince Society in 1865. For other papers of Hutchinson, see 2 _Mass. Hist. Coll._, x., and 3 Ibid., i.; cf. _N. E. Hist. and Geneal. Reg._, 1865, P. 187. A controversy for many years existed between the Historical Society and the State as to the custody of a large mass of Hutchinson’s papers. This can be followed in the Society’s _Proceedings_, ii. 438; x. 118, 321; xi. 335; xii. 249; xiii. 130, 217; and in _Massachusetts Senate Documents_, no. 187, of 1870. These papers, mostly printed, are now at the State House.—ED.]

[563] See _Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc._, i. 286, 397, 414; and xi. 148; also a full account of Hutchinson’s publications in Ibid., February, 1857; cf. Sabin, _Dictionary_, xi. 22. A correspondence between Hutchinson and Dr. Stiles, upon his history, is printed in _N. E. Hist. and Geneal. Reg._, 1872, pp. 159, 230.

[564] Cf. a Memoir of Minot, in _Mass. Hist. Coll._, vol. viii.

[565] A fourth volume, carrying the record to 1741, was published in 1875; and since Dr. Palfrey’s death a fifth volume has been announced for publication under the editing of his son.

[566] Good copies of the original folio edition, with the map, bring high prices. One of Brinley’s copies, said to be on large paper (though the present writer has a copy by his side much larger), brought $110. The Menzies copy (no. 1,353) sold for $125. See “The Light shed upon Mather’s Magnalia by his Diary” in _Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc._, December, 1862, pp. 402-414; Moses Coit Tyler, _History of American Literature_, ii. 80-83. Of the map, Dr. Douglass says (i. 362): “Dr. Cotton Mather’s map of New England, New York, Jerseys, and Pennsylvania is composed from some old rough drafts of the first discoveries, with obsolete names not known at this time, and has scarce any resemblance of the country. It may be called a very erroneous, antiquated map.” [See Editor’s note following this chapter. For some notes on the Mather Library, see _Memorial History of Boston_, vol. i. p. xviii. The annexed portrait of Mather resembles the mezzotint, of which a reduced fac-simile is given in the _Memorial History of Boston_, i. 208, and which is marked COTTONUS MATHERUS, _Ætatis suæ LXV_, MDCCXXVII. _P. Pelham ad vivum pinxit ab origine fecit et excud._ Its facial lines, however, are stronger and more characteristic. It may be the reduction made by Sarah Moorhead from the painting, thus mentioned by Pelham, for the purpose of the engraving. It is to be observed, however, that the surroundings of the portrait are different in the engraving. This same outline, but reversed, characterizes a portrait of Mather, which belongs to the American Antiquarian Society at Worcester, and which is said to be by Pelham. Paine’s _Portraits, etc., in Worcester_, no. 5; W. H. Whitmore’s _Peter Pelham_, 1867, p. 6, where the Pelham engraving is called the earliest yet found to be ascribed to that artist.—ED.]

[567] See what Beverly says of him in the Preface to his _History of Virginia_, 1722. The numerous maps in his book were made by Herman Moll, a well-known cartographer of that day. Oldmixon’s name appears only to the dedication prefixed to the first edition.

[568] _Carter-Brown Catalogue_, iii. nos. 281, 855; and 510, for the Bishop of Winchester’s examination of Neal’s _History of the Puritans_.

[569] [These supplementary parts have been reprinted in 2 _Mass. Hist. Coll._, vii. It was republished in Boston in 1826, edited by Nathan Hale. Mr. S. G. Drake, having some sheets of this edition on hand, reissued it in 1852, with a new titlepage, and with a memoir of Prince and some plates, etc., inserted. It has been again reprinted in Edward Arber’s _English Garner_, 1877-80, vol. ii. Prince’s own copy, with his manuscript notes, is noted in the _Brinley Catalogue_, no. 350. Mr. Deane has several sheets of the original manuscript of this work.—ED.]

[570] A memoir of Dr. Douglass, by T. L. Jennison, M.D., was published in _Medical Communications of the Massachusetts Medical Society_, vol. v. part ii., Boston, 1831. Cf. _Memorial History of Boston_, Index; Sabin, v. 502; _Carter-Brown Catalogue_, iii. 899.

[571] [This is reprinted in full in Force’s _Tracts_, ii. It was printed in 1630, and original copies are in Mr. Deane’s and in the Lenox libraries; cf. also _Brinley Catalogue_, nos. 373, 2,704; _Crowninshield Catalogue_, no. 744; _Carter-Brown Catalogue_, vol. ii. no. 371.—ED.]

[572] [The Journal of Higginson, which is a relation of his voyage, 1629, is in Hutchinson’s _Collection of Papers_, and an imperfect manuscript which that historian used is in the Cabinet of the Historical Society. His _New England’s Plantation_ is reprinted in Young’s _Chronicles_; in _Amer. Antiq. Soc. Coll._, iii. 79; in Force’s _Tracts_, vol. ii.; and in _Mass. Hist, Coll._, vol. i. The narrative covers the interval from July to September, 1629, and three editions were issued in 1630; the Lenox Library has the three, and Harvard College Library has two,—one imperfect. Rich, _Catalogue_ (1832), nos. 186, 191; _Brinley Catalogue_, no. 312; _Carter-Brown Catalogue_, vol. ii. nos. 362, 363; _Menzies Catalogue_, no. 927 ($66.)—ED.]

[573] [This, besides being in Young’s _Chronicles_, can be found in Force’s _Tracts_, vol. ii., with notes by John Farmer; and in the _N. H. Hist. Coll._, vol. iv., following a manuscript more extended than the text given on its first appearance in print in _Massachusetts, or the First Planters_; 1696, copies of which are noted in the Prince (p. 37) and Carter-Brown (vol. ii. no. 1,494) catalogues.—ED.]

[574] [This tract was reprinted in Boston in 1865, and also in 3 _Mass. Hist. Coll._, iii. There are copies of the original in Mr. Deane’s, Harvard College, and the Carter-Brown (_Catalogue_, ii. 379) libraries. Cf. the editorial note at the end of chap. vi., and _Memorial History of Boston_, i. p. 50.—ED.]

[575] The volume was reissued in 1635, 1639, and 1764. The Prince Society reprinted the volume in 1865, with a prefatory address by the present writer. [Copies of the original edition are noted in the _Carter-Brown Catalogue_, ii. no 421 (later editions, nos. 433, 469); and _Brinley Catalogue_, no. 377. Cf. also Rich, _Catalogue_ (1832), no. 296, and (1844) priced at £1 8_s._ Mr. Deane’s copy of the _first_ edition has ninety-eight pages, besides the Indian words. The Rice copy brought $200. Cf. _Menzies Catalogue_, no. 2,187. The second and third editions had each eighty-three pages, besides an appendix of Indian words. The 1764 edition has an anonymous introduction, perhaps by Nathaniel Rogers (_Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc._, November, 1862) or James Otis (Ibid., September, 1862). Mr. Deane reprints this preface.—ED.]

[576] Mr. Charles Francis Adams, Jr., recently prepared a new edition of Morton’s book for publication by the Prince Society. It is accompanied by a memoir of Morton.

[577] [There has been a strange amount of misdating in respect to this book. The _Mondidier Catalogue_ (Henry Stevens) gives it, “Printed by W. S. Stansby for Rob. Blount, 1625.” (Sabin, _Dictionary_, xii. 51,028.) The _Sunderland Catalogue_, iv. no. 8,684, gives it 1627,—a date followed by Quaritch in a later catalogue. Cf. Rich, _Catalogue_ (1832), no. 218; (1844), priced at £1 8_s._; Menzies, no. 1,440, $160; _Carter-Brown Catalogue_, ii. 443; _Memorial History of Boston_, i. 80. It is included in Force’s _Tracts_, ii.—ED.]

[578] His tract of twenty-three pages is entitled _A True Relation of the Late Battell fought in New England between the English and the Salvages_, etc., London, 1637. [There was a reissue in 1638 of the first edition, and a second edition the same year, which last is in Harvard College and the Prince libraries. There is an account of Vincent by Hunter in 4 _Coll._, i. Cf. Rich (1832), _Catalogue_, no. 221; _Crowninshield Catalogue_, no. 766; _Carter-Brown Catalogue_, ii. 448, 461, 462; Field, _Indian Bibliography_, no. 1,606.—ED.]

[579] His tract was entitled, _Newes from America_, etc., London, 1638. [There is a copy in Harvard College Library and in Charles Deane’s. Cf. also, Rich (1832), no. 220, and _Carter-Brown Catalogue_, ii. 460, with fac-simile of title.—ED.]

[580] [It was again reprinted in a volume on the _Mohegan Case_ in 1796 (cf. _Brinley Catalogue_, no. 2,085; Menzies, 1,338, $40); and afterward, following Prince’s edition, in 2 _Mass. Hist. Coll._, viii. 120; and in New York by Sabin, in 1869. Field’s _Indian Bibliography_, no. 1,021. Cf. references on Mason in _Memorial History of Boston_, i. 253.—ED.]

[581] It is also reprinted in some copies of Dodge’s edition of Penhallow’s _Indian Wars_ Cincinnati, 1859. Cf. Sabin, _Dictionary_, vii. 165; and accounts of Gardiner in Thompson’s _Long Island_, i. 305, and 3 _Mass. Hist. Coll._, x. 173.

Further references on the Pequot War will be found in _Memorial History of Boston_, i. 255; and in the _Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc._, May, 1860, will be found a letter from Jonathan Brewster describing its outbreak.—ED.

[582] [More extensive references will be found in _Memorial History of Boston_, i. 176, and _Harvard College Library Bulletin_, no. 11, p. 287.—ED.]

[583] See Hutchinson, i. 435.

[584] [Ward is better known, however, by his _Simple Cobler of Aggawam in America_, which passed through four editions in London in 1647,—a rarity now worth six or seven pounds; _Carter-Brown Catalogue_, ii. 624; _O’Callaghan Catalogue_, 2,351; _Menzies Catalogue_, no. 2,038, etc. It was not reprinted in Boston till 1713, and again, edited by David Pulsifer, in 1843. Mr. John Ward Dean published a good memoir of Ward in 1868. The book in question is no further historical than that it illustrates the length to which good people could go in vindication of intolerance, in days when Antinomianism and other aggressive views were troubling many.—ED.]

[585] [The _Abstract_ is also in Force’s _Tracts_, iii. A note on the bibliography of the subject will be found in _Memorial History of Boston_, i. 145. Cf. _Brinley Catalogue_, p. 108; _Carter-Brown Catalogue_, ii. 483; Sabin, no. 52,595. Mr. Deane has a copy.—ED.]

[586] A list of books there printed from 1540 to 1599 may be seen in the _Carter-Brown Catalogue_, i. 131-135.

[587] [Something of its bibliographical history is told with references in _Memorial History of Boston_, i. 458-460. Of two copies of the original edition there mentioned, one, the Fiske copy, is now in the Carter-Brown library (_Catalogue_, ii. 470); another, the Vanderbilt copy, has since been burned in New York.—ED.]

[588] For a list of Daye’s and Green’s books see Thomas’s _History of Printing_, 2d ed.; and other references to the early history of the press in New England will be found in _Memorial History of Boston_, i. ch. 14.

[589] It was reprinted in 3 _Mass. Hist. Coll._, iii. A new edition, with learned notes and an introduction by the editor, Dr. J. Hammond Trumbull, was published in Boston in 1867. [A portion of the manuscript is in the cabinet of the Historical Society, and a fac-simile of a page of it is given herewith, together with the accompanying statement on the manuscript in the hand of the learned Boston antiquary, James Savage, of whom there is a memoir by G. S. Hillard in _Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc._, xvi. 117. Cf. _N. E. Hist. and Geneal. Reg._, i. 81. The autograph of Lechford is from another source. The Ebeling copy is certainly no longer unique, though the book is rare enough to have been priced recently in London at $75. Cf. Sabin, _Dictionary_, x. 158; _Carter-Brown Catalogue_, ii. 506, 545; _Brinley Catalogue_, no. 322; Menzies, no. 1,202. There is a note-book of Lechford preserved in the American Antiquarian Society’s Cabinet.—ED.]

[590] [A portrait of Cotton of somewhat doubtful authenticity, together with references on his life, will be found in _Memorial History of Boston_, i. 157.—ED.]

[591] [The best bibliographical record of the books in Cotton’s controversy with Williams, as indeed of most of the points of this present essay, is the appendix of Dexter’s _Congregationalism_; a briefer survey, grouping the books in their relations, is in _Memorial History of Boston_, i. 172. See a later page under “Rhode Island.”—ED.]

[592] This is the earliest edition of this famous book; and I know of but two copies of it,—one before me, and one in the Thomason Library in the British Museum. Mr. Arthur Ellis, in his _History of the First Church in Boston_, has given a fac-simile of the titlepage. An edition was printed at Cambridge in 1656, of which a copy is in the library of the late George Livermore.

[593] Palfrey, _New England_, ii. 184.

[594] In 1725 the _Results of Three Synods ... of the Churches of Massachusetts_, 1648, 1662, _and_ 1669, was reprinted in Boston. Cf. _Carter-Brown Catalogue_, iii. no. 362.

[595] A copy of the rare first edition is in the library of the American Antiquarian Society, from which twenty copies were reprinted by Mr. Hoadly, Secretary of State of Connecticut, in 1858. The important subject of this confederation is sufficiently illustrated in a lecture by John Quincy Adams, in 1843, published in 3 _Mass. Hist. Coll._, ix. 187. [See references to reprints of the articles, and notes on the Confederacy in _Memorial History of Boston_, i. 299.—ED.]

[596] Copies of Winslow’s book are very rare, and are worth probably one hundred dollars or more, being rarely seen in the market. [There are copies in the Carter-Brown Library (_Catalogue_, ii. 600, with fac-simile of title), and in Mr. Deane’s collection. The second edition appears in the _Brinley Catalogue_, no. 691.—ED.] Gorton’s book, also rare, has been reprinted by Judge Staples, with learned notes, in the _Rhode Island Historical Society’s Collections_, vol. ii. [and is also in Force’s _Tracts_, vol. iv. There are copies in the Prince, Charles Deane, Carter-Brown (_Catalogue_, ii. 589, with a long note), and Harvard College libraries. Cf. also Sabin’s _Dictionary_, vii. 352, and _Brinley Catalogue_, no. 578.—ED.] While writing this note there has come to my hand no. 17 of Mr. S. S. Rider’s _Rhode Island Historical Tracts_, containing “A Defence of Samuel Gorton and the Settlers of Shawomet,” by George A. Brayton. See other authorities noted in the _Memorial History of Boston_, i. 171, and in Bartlett’s _Bibliography of Rhode Island_.

[597] Child’s book was reprinted in part in 2 _Mass. Hist. Coll._, iv. 107. It was reprinted in 1869 by William Parsons Lunt, with notes by W. T. R. Marvin. A copy of the original edition is in the library of the Boston Athenæum, and in that of John Carter Brown (_Catalogue_, ii. 608), which also has a copy of Winslow’s _New England’s Salamander_ (_Catalogue_, ii. 623), and there is another in Harvard College Library. This is also reprinted in 3 _Mass. Hist. Coll._, ii. 110. The Remonstrance and Petition of Child and others, and the Declaration in answer thereto, may be seen in Hutchinson’s _Papers_, p. 188 _et seq_.

[598] [For an account of this book and its history, and much relating to the embodiment of the Indian speech in literary form, see Dr. J. H. Trumbull’s chapter on “The Indian Tongue and the Literature fashioned by Eliot and others,” in _Memorial History of Boston_, i. 465, with references there noted.—ED.]

[599] That part relating to the college was published in an early volume of the _Collections_ of the Massachusetts Historical Society.

[600] The originals of these tracts, with one exception, are in the possession of the writer, and they are for the most part in the Carter-Brown Library; and seven of them are published in 3 _Mass. Hist. Coll._, vol. iv. [Further bibliographical detail can be found in Dr. Dexter’s _Congregationalism_; Sabin, _Dictionary_; Dr. Trumbull’s _Brinley Catalogue_, p. 52; Field’s _Indian Bibliography; Memorial History of Boston_, i. 265, etc.; and more or less of the titles appear in the Menzies (nos. 1,475, 1,815, 1,816, 2,124, 2,125), O’Callaghan (nos. 852, etc.), and Rich (1832, nos. 237, 261, 263, 273, 280, 287, 292, 304, 316, 355) catalogues. Some of these Eliot tracts were used in compiling the postscript on the “Gospel’s Good Successe in New England,” appended to a book _Of the Conversion of ... Indians_, London, 1650 (Sabin, xiii. 56,742). Eliot’s own _Briefe Narrative_ (1670) of his labors has been reprinted in Boston, and in the appendix of the reprint is a list of the writers on the subject. Letters of Eliot, dated 1651-52, on his labors, are in the _N. E. Hist. and Geneal. Reg._, July, 1882. For an alleged portrait of Eliot and references, see _Memorial History of Boston_, i. 260, 261. A better engraving has since appeared in the _Century Magazine_, 1883.—ED.]

[601] [Some copies of the second edition have a dedication to Robert Boyle and the Company for the Propagation of the Gospel among the Indians, signed by William Stoughton, Joseph Dudley, Peter Bulkley, and Thomas Hinckley.

Eliot was assisted in this second edition by John Cotton, of Plymouth, son of the Boston minister; and the type was in part set for both editions by James Printer, an Indian taught to do the work. There is a notice of Boyle by C. O. Thompson in the _Amer. Antiq. Soc. Proc._, April, 1882, p. 54; and one of the Society for Propagating the Gospel, by G. D. Scull, in the _N. E. Hist. and Geneal. Reg._, April, 1882, p. 157. Cf. Sabin’s _Dictionary_, viii. 552. A portion of the original manuscript records of the society (1655-1685) were described in Stevens’s _Bibliotheca Historica_ (1870), no. 1,399, and brought in the sale $265. The bibliographical history of the Indian Bible is given in Dr. Trumbull’s chapter in the _Memorial History of Boston_, as before noted.]

[602] A copy is in the Carter-Brown Library, and another in the possession of the writer.

[603] See the list of Norton’s and Pynchon’s publications in Sabin’s _Dictionary_.

[604] _A journal of the Transactions and Occurrences in the Settlement of Massachusetts and the other New-England Colonies, from the year 1630 to 1644.... Now first published from a correct copy of the original manuscript._ Hartford, 1790.

[605] _The History of New England from 1630 to 1649. From his original manuscripts. With Notes to illustrate the Civil and Ecclesiastical concerns, the Geography, Settlement, and Institutions of the Country, and the Lives and Manners of the principal Planters._ By James Savage. Boston, 1825-26. 2 vols. New ed., with additions and corrections. Boston, 1853. 2 vols.

[606] [For other details and references see _Memorial History of Boston_, i. p. xvii.—ED.]

[607] A curious bibliographical question is connected with a later issue of the volume as bound up with several of the Gorges tracts, for the discussion of which see the Introduction to Mr. W. F. Poole’s valuable edition of Johnson’s book, Andover, 1867, pp. li-vi; with which cf. _North American Review_, January, 1868, pp. 323-328; and _Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc._, June, 1881, pp. 432-35. [Geo. H. Moore printed some strictures on Poole’s edition in _Historical Magazine_, xiii. 87. Cf. Dexter’s _Congregationalism_; _Carter-Brown Catalogue_, ii. 771, 851; and other references in _Memorial History of Boston_, i. 463.—ED.]

[608] It was republished in fragmentary parts in several volumes of the Massachusetts Historical Society’s _Collections_, second series.

[609] It is reprinted in 4 _Mass. Hist. Coll._, vol. ii., from a copy of the rare original in the Carter-Brown Library.

[610] Charles Lamb speaks of the book in his _Elia_ under “A Quaker Meeting.”

[611] [The literature of the Quaker controversy is extensive and intricate in its bearings.

It can best be followed in Mr. J. Smith’s _Catalogue of Friends’ Books_, and in his _Anti-Quakeriana_. Dr. Dexter’s _Congregationalism_, and the _Brinley_ and _Carter-Brown Catalogues_ will assist the student. The 1703 edition of Bishope’s _New England Judged_, abridged in some ways and enlarged in others, contains also John Whiting’s _Truth and Innocencey Defended_, which is an answer in part to portions of Cotton Mather’s _Magnalia_; cf. also the note in _Memorial History of Boston_, i. 187. There were a few of the prominent men at the time who dared to protest boldly against the unwise actions of the magistrates; and of such none were more prominent than James Cudworth, of Plymouth Colony, and Robert Pike, of Salisbury. The conduct of the latter has been commemorated in James S. Pike’s _New Puritan_, New York, 1879.—ED.

[612] For their titles see Thomas’s _History of Printing_, 2d ed. vol. ii. pp. 313-315; the bibliographical list in Dr. H. M. Dexter’s _Congregationalism_, whose work may also be consulted for a history of the subject itself; Mather’s _Magnalia_, v. 64 _et seq._; Upham’s _Ratio Disiplinæ_, p. 223; Trumbull’s _Connecticut_, chaps. xiii. and xix. of vol. i.; Hutchinson, i. 223-24; Wisner’s _History of the Old South Church in Boston_, pp. 5-7; Bacon’s _Discourses_, pp. 139-141.

[613] [Mr. Tuckerman revised his notes and introduction in a reprint, published by Veazie in Boston in 1865. The _Voyages_, which had been reprinted in 3 _Mass. Hist. Coll._, iii., was also reissued in 1865 in a companion volume to the _Rarities_, the text being corrected from a copy of the “second addition,” 1675, in Harvard College Library. The earlier book usually brings £3 or £4, the later one from £5 to £10. Both are in the _Carter-Brown Catalogue_, ii. 1,080, 1,104. Cf. Sabin, ix. 340; Menzies, 1,104, 1,105.—ED.]

[614] [It is further characterized in Vol. IV., chap. x.—ED.]

[615] There are at least eight titles in this interesting list:—

1. _The Present State of New England with respect to the Indian War_, 1675 (19 pages), purporting to be by a merchant of Boston.

2. _A Briefe and True Narration of the late Wars_, 1675 (8 pages); cf. Sabin, vol. xiii. nos. 52,616, 52,638.

3. _A Continuation of the State of New England_, 1676 (20 pages).

4. _A New and Further Narrative of the State of New England_, 1676 (14 pages), signed N. T.

5. _A True Account of the most considerable Occurences that have hapned in the War_, 1676 (14 pages).

6. _New England’s Tears for her present Miseries_, 1676 (14 pages).

7. _News from New England_, 1676 (6 pages). Sabin only records one copy; and of a second edition, 1676, there are copies in the British Museum and Carter-Brown libraries.

8. _The War in New England visibly Ended_, 1677 (6 pages), containing news of the death of Philip, brought by Caleb More, master of a vessel newly arrived from Rhode Island.

[These tracts are all in the _Carter-Brown Catalogue_, vol. ii., and several are in Mr. Deane’s collection, and in Harvard College Library. Rich supposed that nos. 1, 3, and 4 were written by the same person. Five of them were reprinted by S. G. Drake in his _Old Indian Chronicle_ in 1836, and again in 1867, with new notes; and no. 7 was reprinted in 1850 by Drake, and in 1865 by Woodward. Sabin, xiii. 321, 322.

These tracts are priced at twelve and eighteen shillings, and at similarly high sums, even in Rich’s catalogues of fifty years ago. Whenever they have occurred in sales of late years they have proved the occasion of much competition and unusual prices. Cf. Stevens’s _Hist. Coll._, i. 1523, 1524.

Another contemporary account by a Rhode Island Quaker, as it is thought, John Easton, was printed at Albany in 1858, as a _Narrative of the Causes which led to Philip’s War_. Cf. Palfrey, iii. 180; Field, _Indian Bibliography_, p. 479.

Mr. Drake, whose name is closely associated with our Indian history, was one of the foremost of American antiquaries for many years. There is a memoir of him by W. B. Trask in _Potter’s American Monthly_, v. 729; and another in the _N. E. Hist. and Geneal. Reg._, July, 1863, by J. H. Sheppard, also separately issued. In 1874 he printed _Narrative Remarks_, anonymously, embodying some personal grievances and notes of his career, not pleasantly expressed. For his publications, see Sabin’s _Dictionary_, v. 526, and Field’s _Indian Bibliography_, p. 452.—ED.]

[616] John Foster had now set up a press in Boston, for the history of which and its successors see _Memorial History of Boston_, i. 453.

[617] [Rich in 1832, no. 368, priced it, either edition, at eighteen shillings. It was a quarto of 51 pages. Cf. _Carter-Brown Catalogue_, ii. 1,150; Field’s _Indian Bibliography_, 1,022; _Brinley Catalogue_, 948, 5,531. It has of late years brought about $80. S. G. Drake included this and the section of the _Magnalia_ on the war in his _History of King Philip’s War_, 1862. Another book by Mather, _A Relation of the Troubles which have hapned in New England_, etc., was also printed in 1676, and traces the Indian wars from 1641, including the causes of Philip’s War. Drake also reprinted this in 1864, as the _Early History of New England_.—ED.]

[618] [King Philip’s War, which was but the beginning of a long series of wars which devastated the frontiers, may be said properly to end with the treaty of Casco, April 12, 1678, which is preserved in the _Massachusetts Archives_; though a continuation of hostilities intervened till the treaty of Portsmouth, Sept. 8, 1685. Cf. Belknap’s _New Hampshire_, p. 348.—ED.]

[619] [Rich priced this book in 1832 (no. 375) at £1 10_s._,—an extraordinary high sum for those days. I have seen the London edition priced recently at £26, and $75; and the Boston edition in the Menzies sale (no. 990) brought $200. It was reprinted in New England at least six times (all spurious editions) between 1775 and 1814 (_Brinley Catalogue_, 5,523, etc.; _Carter-Brown Catalogue_, ii. 1,167, 1,168, 1,170); and S. G. Drake brought out an annotated edition in two volumes in 1865. Cf. _Hist. Mag._, i. 252, 348; ii. 62.

Perhaps the most popular book touching the events of the war was one which was not published till 1716, from notes of Colonel Benjamin Church, and compiled by that hero’s son, Thomas Church, and called _Entertaining Passages relating to Philip’s War_. It is an extremely scarce book, and has brought $400. (_Brinley Catalogue_, no. 383; Sabin, _Dictionary_, no. 12,996; _Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc._, iii. 293.) A second edition, Newport, 1772, is said to have been edited by Dr. Stiles, but it is not supposed he was privy to the fraud practised in that edition of presenting an engraving of the portrait of Charles Churchill, the English poet, with the addition of a powder-horn slung over the shoulder, as a likeness of Church. (Cf. _Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc._, xix. 243; also iii. 293; and _Hist. Mag._, December, 1868, pp. 27, 271.) Drake first reissued it in 1827, and made stereotype plates of the book, and they have been much used since. He continued to use the spurious portrait as late as 1857. Sabin, iv. 12,996; Brinley, no. 5,514. Dr. H. M. Dexter did all that is necessary for the text in his edition (two volumes) in 1865-67. Another class of books growing out of the war during its long continuance, particularly at the eastward, is what collectors know as “captivities,” the most famous of which is, perhaps, that of Mrs. Rowlandson, of Lancaster, printed in 1682. The _Brinley Catalogue_, nos. 469, 5,540, etc., groups them, and they are scattered through Field’s _Indian Bibliography_. The _Brinley Catalogue_ also groups the works on the Indian wars of New England (nos. 382, etc.); and a condensed exposition of the authorities on Philip’s War will be found in the _Memorial History of Boston_, i. 327. The local aspects of the war involve a very large amount of citation and reference. What are known as the “Narragansett Townships” grew out of the war. Before the troops marched from Dedham Plain, Dec. 9, 1675, they were promised “a gratuity of land beside their wages,” and not till 1737 were the promises fulfilled, when 840 claimants or their representatives met on Boston Common, and dividing themselves into seven groups, they took possession of seven townships in Maine, Massachusetts, and New Hampshire, granted by the General Court. _New England Historical and Genealogical Register_, 1862, pp. 143, 216.—ED.

[620] For reference to the recovery of the preface and other missing lines, see _Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc._, xvi. 12, 38, 100; also, cf. i. 243; ii. 421; iii. 321. Hubbard, besides the above aid, had a large number of official documents which he incorporated into his _History_. Cf. Sabin, _Dictionary_, viii. 499; Field, _Indian Bibliography_, no. 730.

[621] [Mr. Whitmore also epitomized the history with references in the _Memorial History of Boston_, ii. chap. i. Cf. also _Carter-Brown Catalogue_, ii. 1,351, 1,370, 1,372, 1,388, 1,398, 1,400, 1,403, 1,408, 1,420, 1,421.—ED.]

[622] A copy of Dudley’s commission (Oct. 8, 1685) has been recently printed in 5 _Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll._, ix. 145.

[623] [Dr. N. B. Shurtleff, an eager Boston antiquary, died in that city, Oct. 17, 1874, and his library was sold at auction, Nov. 30, 1875, etc.—ED.]

[624] The preface of the _Memorial History_ enumerates the sources of Boston’s history.

[625] [A law was placed on the statute book of Massachusetts in 1854, by which towns may legally appropriate money for publishing their histories. The authorities on the town system of New England are cited in W. E. Foster’s _Reference Lists_, July, 1882.—ED.]

[626] [The different keys to the genealogy of New England are indicated in _Memorial History of Boston_, ii. Introduction.—ED.]

[627] “Maine” took its name probably from the early designation, by the sailors and fishermen, of the main land—that is, “the main,”—in distinction from the numerous islands on the coast. See Weymouth’s “Voyage,” in 3 _Mass. Hist. Coll._, viii. 132, 151; Palfrey, i. 525; _Amer. Antiq. Soc. Proc._, i. 371. The earliest use of the name, officially employed, that I have met with, is in the grant to Gorges and Mason of Aug. 10, 1622, which recites that the patentees, “by consent of the President and Council, intend to name it the _Province of Maine_.” See the _Popham Memorial Volume_, p. 122. This grant was never made use of, but the name was inserted in the royal charter to Gorges of April 3, 1639, which secured its future use. Sullivan’s _Maine_, Appendix, 399. The territory had been previously included in the European designations of Baccalaos and Norumbega. The Indian name was Mavooshen. See Purchas, iv., 1873; _Maine Hist. Coll._, i. 16, 17.

[628] These manuscripts were made use of by Dr. Belknap in writing his _History of New Hampshire_, and are now all printed in the _Provincial Papers_ of that State, vol. i., 1867, edited by the late Nathaniel Bouton.

The grant of Aug. 10, 1622, is printed in Poor’s _Ferdinando Gorges_, from the _Colonial Entry Book_, p. 101, no. 59. An account of the voyage of the barque “Warwick,” in 1630, which brought Captain Neal to be governor for the Company, is given in _N. E. Hist. and Geneal. Reg._, 1867, p. 223.

[629] Citations are made from them by Folsom in his _History of Saco and Biddeford_, pp. 49-52. The original manuscript is among the old county of York records at Alfred. The commission to Sir Ferdinando Gorges as governor of New England, 1637, is printed in Poor’s _Gorges_, p. 127. For his deed to Edgecombe, 1637, see _Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc._, ii. 74.

[630] See _Massachusetts Archives_, Miscellanies, i. 130.

[631] These old Maine records have all been removed to the county town of Alfred, and they have never been printed. Extracts from time to time have been published, as by Folsom above, and by Willis in vol. i. of his _History of Portland_, who gives a description, from Judge David Sewall, of the manner in which the original records were made and kept. The charter of incorporation of Acomenticus as a town, April 10, 1641, and the charter of Gorgeana as a city, March 1, 1642, were among the papers which Hazard found at old York, and printed in his _Collection_, vol. i. Cf. “Sir Robert Carr in Maine,” in _Magazine of American History_, September, 1882, p. 623; and a paper on Gorgeana in _N. E. Hist. and Geneal. Reg._, 1881, p. 42.

[632] [Cf. _Historical Magazine_, ii. 286, and Note B to chapter vi. of the present volume.—ED.]

[633] [Mr. Somerby, a native of Massachusetts, who died in London in 1872, did much during a long sojourn in England to further the interests of American antiquaries and genealogists. Cf. _N. E. Hist. and Geneal. Reg._, 1874, p. 340. Colonel Joseph L. Chester also for many years filled a prominent place in similar work in England, till his death in 1882. A portrait and notice of him by John T. Latting is in the _New York Genealogical and Biographical Record_, 1882; also issued separately: Cf. _N. E. Hist. and Geneal. Reg._, January, 1883, p. 106.—ED.]

[634] [The deed to Usher as agent of Massachusetts, in 1677, and his conveyance to Massachusetts are at the State House in Boston. Cf. _Maine Hist. Coll._, ii. 257; _Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc._, xi. 201.—ED.]

[635] Mr. Folsom, a graduate of Harvard in 1822, was at this time living in Saco. He subsequently removed to New York, became an active member of the New York Historical Society, was minister at the Hague, and died in Rome, Italy, in 1869.

[636] Special mention should perhaps be made of the enumeration of Maine titles in the _Brinley Catalogue_ no. 2,571, etc., and of several town histories published since Mr. Willis wrote his Catalogue, which in their treatment go back to the early period, namely, _History of Augusta_, by James W. North; _History of Brunswick_, etc., by G. A. Wheeler and H. W. Wheeler, 1878; _History of Castine_, by G. A. Wheeler, Bangor, 1875; _History of Bristol, Bremen, and Pemaquid_, by John Johnston, Albany, 1873; _History of Ancient Sheepscot and New Castle_, by David Q. Cushman, Bath, 1882. Most of the local historical literature can be picked out of F. B. Perkins’s _Check-List of American Local History_.

A volume entitled _Papers relating to Pemaquid_, collected from the archives at Albany by Franklin B. Hough, was printed at Albany in 1856. They relate to the condition of that part of the country when under the colony of New York, and are of great value. Cf. also Mr. Hough’s contributions in the _Maine Hist. Coll._, v. and vii. 127. Pemaquid as a centre of historical interest is also illustrated in J. W. Thornton’s _Ancient Pemaquid_; in Johnston’s papers in his _History of Bristol_, etc.; in the Popham_ Memorial Volume_, p. 263; in _Maine Hist. Coll._, vol. viii.; Vinton’s _Giles Memorial_, 1864; _Historical Magazine_, i. 132; _N. E. Hist. and Geneal. Reg._, 1871, p. 131. [See also Vol. IV. of this History.—ED.]

[637] [The early history of this society is told by Mr. Willis in an address printed in their _Collections_, vol. iv. Cf. also Note B at the end of chapter vi. of the present volume.—ED.]

[638] This collection, entitled _America painted to the Life_, passes by the name of the _Gorges Tracts_. There are copies in Harvard College Library, and noted in the _Carter-Brown Catalogue_, ii. 127; _Brinley Catalogue_, nos. 308, 2,640 ($225.) Cf. Sabin’s _Dictionary_, vii. 348; Rich’s _Catalogue_, no. 314; _Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc._, xviii. 432, and xix. 128; Stevens’s _Historical Collections_, vol. i. no. 247. The relations of Gorges and Champernoun are discussed by C. W. Tuttle in _N. E. Hist. and Geneal. Reg._, 1874, p. 404. See further on Champernoun in Ibid., 1873, p. 147; 1874, pp. 75, 318, 403. There is an account of Gorges’ tomb at St. Bordeaux in the _Magazine of American History_, August, 1882; and notes on his pedigree, in _N. E. Hist. and Geneal. Reg._, 1861, p. 17; 1864, p. 287; 1872, p. 381; 1877, pp. 42, 44, 112.—ED.

[639] [Captain Christopher Levett. His account was published in London in 1628. The reprint in 3 _Mass. Hist. Coll._, viii. 164, was made from a copy got in England by Sparks. The Maine Historical Society reprinted it in their _Collections_, ii. 73 (1847); and the copy in the New York Historical Society’s Library was then considered to be unique. The _Huth Catalogue_, iii. 843, and _Carter-Brown Catalogue_, ii. no. 338, show original copies.—ED.]

[640] [The principal contestants may be thus divided:—

_Pro_,—_New Hampshire Historical Collections_, i.; Bell’s _Wheelwright_; cf. _N. E. Hist. and Geneal. Reg._, 1869, p. 65.

_Con_,—Farmer’s _Belknap_; Savage’s _Winthrop_; Palfrey’s _New England_; and, besides Mr. Deane, the recorded opinions of Dr. Bouton, Mr. C. W. Tuttle, Mr. J. A. Vinton; cf. _N. E. Hist. and Geneal. Reg._, 1868, p. 479; 1874, pp. 343, 477; and _Historical Magazine_, i. 57; and also a letter of Colonel Chester in the _Register_, 1868, p. 350.

The deed is printed in the _Provincial Papers_, i. 56. Cotton Mather’s original letter regarding it, dated March 3, 1708, is noted in the _Brinley Catalogue_, no. 1,329. Belknap has printed it, and it is also in the _N. E. Hist. and Geneal. Reg._, 1862, p. 349.—ED.]

[641] Mason made no use of this grant; and no use had been made of his grant of Mariana, of March 9, 1621/22, and that to him and Gorges of Aug. 10, 1622; Hubbard’s _New England_, p. 614.

[642] [Governor Bell discovered in 1870 what is known as the Hilton or Squamscott patent, of March 12, 1629, and it is printed in the _N. E. Hist. and Geneal. Reg._, 1870, p. 264; it was found not to agree as to its bounds with Piscataqua patent. Jenness, in his _Notes_, contends that Wiggin set up the title of Massachusetts to the territory under the 1628/29 charter. It was the conclusion of Mr. C. W. Tuttle (a studious explorer of New Hampshire history, who died July 18, 1881; cf. _Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc._, xix. 2, 11) that Bloody Point, being included in both grants, became the cause of the trouble between Neale and Wiggin, as told by Hubbard.—ED.]

[643] Mason’s will, or a long extract from it, may be seen in Hazard, i. 397-399, dated Nov. 26, 1635; also in _Provincial Papers_. These papers last named are a publication of the State. The Rev. Dr. Nathaniel Bouton, between 1867 and 1876, completed ten volumes of Papers. They contain nothing before 1631; few from 1631 to 1686. Most of the original papers between 1641 and 1679 are in the _Massachusetts Archives_. The papers of interest in the present connection are in vols. i. and ii. The series has since been resumed under another editor, with the publication (1882) of the first part (A to F) of documents relating to towns, 1680-1800. Very few of the papers, however, are before 1700. Colonel A. H. Hoyt’s “Notes, Historical and Bibliographical, on the Laws of New Hampshire,” are in _Amer. Antiq. Soc. Proc._, April, 1876. Like most of the patents issued at the grand division, Mason’s grant included ten thousand acres more of land on the southeast part of Sagadahoc, “from henceforth to be called by the name of Massonia.”

[644] [John Farmer (1789-1838) and Jacob B. Moore (1797-1853). Each did much for New Hampshire history. For an account of Farmer, see _N. E. Hist. and Geneal. Reg._, i. 12, 15. He published a first volume (Dover, 1831) of a projected new edition of Belknap’s _History of New Hampshire_, from a copy “having the author’s last corrections.” Moore was the father of the well-known historical student, Dr. George H. Moore, of the Lenox Library.—ED.]

[645] [Cf. C. K. Adams, _Manual of Historical Literature_, p. 549. Mention has been made elsewhere of the Belknap Papers; cf. _Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc._, March, 1858.—ED.]

[646] [The reports of the Adjutant-General of the State, 1866 and 1868, contained Mr. Chandler E. Potter’s _Military History of New Hampshire_, from 1623 to 1861, issued separately at Concord in 1869. The histories by Whiton (1834) and Barstow (1853) are of minor importance.] There are many valuable histories of separate towns in New Hampshire, and I cannot do better than refer to the “Bibliography of New Hampshire,” in Norton’s _Literary Letter_, new series, no. i. pp. 8-30, by S. C. Eastman. [A current periodical, _The Granite Monthly_, is devoting much space to New Hampshire history; cf. Sabin, vol. xiii. no. 37,486, etc.—ED.]

[647] J. Hammond Trumbull, in _Conn. Hist. Soc. Coll._, ii. 8. [Dr. Trumbull has compassed a large part of the field of the Indian nomenclature of Connecticut in his _Indian Names of Places: ... in Connecticut, etc._, Hartford, 1881. The fortunes of the natives of this colony have been traced in J. W. De Forest’s _History of the Indians of Connecticut_ (with a map of 1630), of which there have been successive editions in 1850, 1853, and 1871. Of Uncas, the most famous of the Mohegan chiefs, there is a pedigree, as made out in 1679, recorded in the _Colony Records_, Deeds, iii. 312, and printed in _N. E. Hist. and Geneal. Reg._, 1856, p. 227. The will of his son Joshua is in Ibid., 1859, p. 235. An agreement which Uncas made in 1681 with the whites is in the _Public Records_, i. 309, and in _Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc._, x. 16. The warfare in 1642 between Uncas and Miantonomo, the chief of the Narragansetts, and which ended with the latter’s death in captivity, the English approving, is described by Winthrop and Hubbard; also in Trumbull’s _Connecticut_, chap. 7; Arnold’s _Rhode Island_, chap. 4; Palfrey’s _New England_, vol. ii. chap. 3; and it was the subject of an historical address in 1842 by William L. Stone, called _Uncas and Miantonomo_.—ED.]

[648] _Massachusetts Colonial Records_, i. 170.

[649] See _Connecticut Colonial Records_, i. 4.

[650] J. Hammond Trumbull, as above, p. 15.

[651] _New Haven Records._

[652] [Block, in 1614, had been the first to explore the river for the Dutch; and both O’Callaghan (_New Netherland_, i. 169) and Brodhead (New York, i. 235) set forth the prior right of the Dutch; cf. _N. E. Hist. and Geneal. Reg._, vi. 368.—ED.]

[653] [Roger Wolcott celebrated Winthrop’s agency in London, in 1662, in a long poem, which was printed in Wolcott’s _Poetical Meditations_, London, 1725, and in _Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll._ Cf. _Carter-Brown Catalogue_, iii. 369; Brinley Catalogue, no. 2,134.—ED.]

[654] It had been printed by Trumbull in 1797, in the Appendix to the first edition of his _History_, i. 528-533; and is repeated in the second edition, 1818; cf. Dr. J. H. Trumbull’s _Historical Notes on the Constitutions of Connecticut_, 1639-1878, published in 1873. Hinman published a collection of _Letters of the Kings of England to the Successive Governors_ (1635-1749).

[655] Douglass’s _Summary_, ii. 160; Neal’s _New England_, 2d ed., i. 163; Trumbull’s 2d ed. 1818, i. 21; Hubbard, p. 310.

[656] Trumbull, i. 28, from manuscripts of President Clap. This old Connecticut patent has always been a mystery. Some of the colonists of the Winthrop emigration to Massachusetts in 1630 were unfavorably impressed on their arrival with the place selected for a plantation. The sad mortality of the preceding winter was appalling, and they began to cast their thoughts on a more southerly spot than Massachusetts Bay. In a letter of John Humfrey, written from London, Dec. 9, 1636, in reply to one just received from his brother-in-law, Isaac Johnson, from the colony, he says, in speaking of Mr. Downing: “He is the only man for Council that is heartily ours in the town; and yet, unless you settle upon a good river and in a less snowy and cold place, I can see no great edge on him to come unto us.” Further on he says, “My Lord of Warwick will take a patent of that place you writ of for himself, and so we may be bold to do there as if it were our own.” (4 _Mass. Hist. Coll._, vi. 3, 4.) No further hint is given as to the location of Warwick’s intended grant, and we have no contemporaneous record of any patent having been taken by him at this time or later. The Earl was a great friend of the Puritans. It was through him that the Massachusetts patent was obtained; and the patent to the people of Plymouth was signed by him alone, but in the name of the Council, and sealed with their seal.

The title to Connecticut was contested. On the grand division of 1635, James, Marquis, afterward Duke, of Hamilton, received for his share the territory between the Connecticut and Narragansett rivers, and a copy of his feoffment was cited by Chalmers, as on record bearing date April 22, 1635, that being the date which all the grants of that final division bore. From a copy on the Connecticut files Mr. R. R. Hinman, Secretary of State, published the deed in a volume of ancient documents, at Hartford, in 1836. On the Restoration the heirs of the Duke, in a petition to the King, asked to “be restored to their just right,” and their claim was, in 1664, laid by the King’s commissioners before the Connecticut authorities. These in their answer set up, in the first place, the prior grant of Lord Say and Sele and others, which Connecticut, as they alleged, had “purchased at a dear rate,” and which had been recently ratified and confirmed by the King in their new charter; then, secondly, a conquest from the natives; and, thirdly, they claimed thirty years’ peaceable possession (Trumbull, i. 524, 530). At a period still later, the Earl of Arran, a grandson, applied to King William for a hearing; and when in a formal manner several patents were exhibited on the part of Connecticut, the Earl’s final reply was, “that when they produced a grant from the Plymouth Council to the Earl of Warwick, it should have an answer.” (Chalmers, pp. 299-301; Trumbull, i. 524.)

Some entries in the recently recovered records of the Council for New England tend to deepen the suspicion that the Earl of Warwick never received the alleged grant from that body. It is true that the records as preserved are not entire, and do not cover the year 1630, and for the year 1631 they begin at November 4. But some later entries are very significant. Under date of June 21, 1632, which is three months after the date of the grant to Lord Say and Sele and associates, is this entry: “The Secretary is to bring, against the next meeting, a rough draft in paper of a patent for the E. of Warwick, from the river of the Narrigants 10 leagues westward. Sir Ferd. Gorges will forthwith give particular directions for the said patent.” At the next meeting, June 26, “The rough draft of a patent for the E. of Warwick was now read. His Lordship, upon hearing the same, gave order that the grant should be unto Rob. Lord Rich and his associates, A, B, etc. And it was agreed by the Council that the limits of the said patent should be 30 English miles westward, and 50 miles into the land northward, provided that it did not prejudice any other patent formerly granted.” A committee was appointed to take further order respecting this patent, and there is no evidence that it was ever perfected or issued. This proposed grant, it will be seen, covered in part the same territory previously included in the grant above cited to Lord Say, Lord Brook, Lord Rich, and others by the Earl of Warwick himself.

Three days afterward some very singular orders were adopted by the Council, indicating that there had been a serious disagreement with the Earl, or that a feeling akin to suspicion, of which the Earl was the object, had found a lodgment in that body. The Earl being president, the meetings for some years had been held at “Warwick House in Holborne.” At a meeting on the 29th of June, at which the Earl was not present, “It was agreed that the E. of Warwick should be entreated to direct a course for finding out what patents have been granted for New England.” (Did not the Council keep a record of their grants?) Also, “The Lord Great Chamberlain and the rest of the Council now present sent their clerk unto the E. of Warwick for the Council’s great seal, it being in his Lordship’s keeping.” Answer was brought that as soon as his man Williams came in he would send it. It was then voted that the meetings of the Council, which for some time, as I have already said, had been held at Warwick House, should hereafter be held at Captain Mason’s House, in Fenchurch Street. But the seal was not then sent, and during the next five months two other formal applications were made for it. In the mean time and thence after the records indicate the Earl’s absence from the meetings, and finally Lord Gorges was chosen President of the Council in his place.

The patent to Lord Say and Sele, it may be added, was never formally transferred to Connecticut. In the agreement of 1644/45 Fenwick conveyed the fort and lands on the river, and promised to convey the jurisdiction of all the lands between Narragansett River and Saybrook Fort, “if it come into his power,”—which he seems never to have done, though the authorities of Connecticut claimed that they had paid him for it. For a long time the Connecticut authorities appear to have had no copy of this patent, for they were often challenged to exhibit it, and were not able to do so; though they say that a copy was shown to the commissioners when the confederation of the colonies was formed,—then of course in the possession of Fenwick; and in 1648 it is referred to as having been recently seen. (Hazard, ii. 120, 123.) A transcript of this patent was found in London by John Winthrop, among the papers of Governor Hopkins, who died there in 1658. See _Connecticut Colonial Records_, pp. 268, 568, 573, 574.

[657] First edition, vol. i. Appendix v. and vi. See also Ibid., i. 149, 507-510, edition of 1818, with which compare _Connecticut Colonial Records_, pp. 568, 573, 585.

[658] Vol. i. p. 306; cf. Trumbull, i. 110; Hutchinson, i. 100, 101.

[659] Vol. i. pp. 77-80, 509-563, 1-384. The twelve Capital Laws of the Connecticut Colony, established in 1642, were taken almost literally from the Body of Liberties of Massachusetts, established in 1641. The preamble to the code of 1650, the paragraph following it, and many, if not all, of the laws were taken from the Massachusetts Book of Laws published in 1649. A copy of the constitution of 1639 was prefixed to the Code. This was first printed in a small volume in 1822 at Hartford, by Silas Andrus, called _The Code of 1650, being a Compilation of the Earliest Laws and Orders of the General Court of Connecticut; also, the Constitution, or Civil Compact, entered into and adopted by the Towns of Windsor, Hartford, and Weathersfield, in 1638-39, to which is added some Extracts from the Laws and Judicial Proceedings of New Haven Colony commonly called Blue Laws_. There was an edition at Hartford in 1828, 1830, 1838, from the same plates; and in 1861 there appeared at Philadelphia _A Collection of the Earliest Statutes, Edited with an Introduction_, by Samuel W. Smucker.

[660] Cf. also Trumbull, i. chap. viii.; Caulkins, _New London_, pp. 27-50.

[661] Vol. i. pp. 259, 260, 404, 405.

[662] Vol. i. 1, _et seq._; cf. Trumbull, i. chap. vi.; Hubbard, chap. xlii. See also Davenport’s _Discourse about Civil Government in a New Plantation_, Cambridge, 1663, probably written at this early period; Leonard Bacon, _Thirteen Historical Discourses_, New Haven, 1839; and Professor J. L. Kingsley, _Historical Discourse_, New Haven, 1838.

[663] [Of Governor Eaton, the first governor of New Haven, there is a memoir by J. B. Moore in 2 _N. Y. Hist. Coll._, ii. 467.—ED.]

[664] A copy of the original edition is also in the Library of the Boston Athenæum, not quite perfect. Two copies were in the sale of Mr. Brinley’s library in 1879, and they brought, one $380, the other, not perfect, $310. Dr. J. Hammond Trumbull, in his learned Introduction to his edition of _The True-Blue Laws of Connecticut and New Haven, and the False Blue Laws Invented by the Rev. Samuel Peters_, etc., Hartford, 1876, says: “Just when or by whom the acts and proceedings of New Haven Colony were first stigmatized as _Blue Laws_ cannot now be ascertained. The presumption, however, is strong that the name had its origin in New York, and that it gained currency in Connecticut among Episcopalian and other dissenters from the established church, between 1720 and 1750” (p. 24). He thinks that “blue” was a convenient epithet for whatever “in colonial laws and proceedings looked over-strict, or queer, or ‘puritanic’” (pp. 24, 27).

Mr. Peters, of course, did not invent the name. He says of these laws: “They consist of a vast multitude, and were very properly termed _Blue Laws_, i.e., _bloody laws_.” In his _General History of Connecticut_, London, 1781, Peters gives some forty-five of these laws as a sample of the whole, “denominated _blue laws_ by the neighboring colonies,” which “were never suffered to be printed.” The greater part of these probably never had an existence as standing laws or otherwise. The archives of the colony fail to reveal such, though we do not forget that the jurisdiction records for nine years are lost. Peters’ laws have often been reprinted, and appear in Mr. Trumbull’s volume above cited, along with authentic documents relating to the foundation of Connecticut and New Haven colonies, already referred to in this paper. (See Peters’ _Connecticut_, pp. 63, 66; the _New-Englander_, April, 1871, art. “Blue Laws;” and _Methodist Quarterly Review_, January, 1878.)

It might be inferred from the conclusion of the titlepage (cited above) of the small volume published by Silas Andrus, at Hartford, in 1822, on bluish paper, bound in blue covers, with a frontispiece representing a constable seizing a tobacco taker, which was stereotyped and subsequently issued at different dates, that the book contained the Peters’ laws; but what related to New Haven here were simply extracts of a few laws and court orders from the records. The Blue Laws of Peters were reprinted by J. W. Barber, in his _History and Antiquities of New Haven_, 1831, with a note in which the old story is repeated, that the term blue originated from the color of the paper in which the first printed laws were stitched. They were also printed by Mr. Hinman, formerly Secretary of the State of Connecticut, in 1838, in a volume already cited, along with other valuable documents relating to the colony, and with what he called the Blue Laws of Virginia, of Barbadoes, of Maryland, New York, South Carolina, Massachusetts, and Plymouth.

Peters’ _Connecticut_ (1781) is now a scarce book. The copy in the Menzies sale, no. 1,590, brought $125. Cf. _Brinley Catalogue_, no. 2,088, etc. The interest in this apocryphal history of Connecticut and in Peters’ Blue Laws was revived in modern times by the publication in 1829 of a new edition of Peters’ _History_, in 12º., at New Haven, with a preface and eighty-seven pages of supplementary notes. The anonymous editor of the new edition was Sherman Croswell, son of the Rev. Harry Croswell,—a recent graduate of Yale College, who furnished the supplementary notes. Nearly all the type of this edition was set by the late Joel Munsell, then a young man just twenty-one years of age. Mr. Croswell subsequently went to Albany as co-editor with his cousin, Edwin Croswell, of the _Albany Argus_. (Joel Munsell, _Manuscript Note_; October, 1871.) Professor Franklin B. Dexter, of Yale College, writes me under date of Feb. 20, 1883, respecting the enterprise of publishing the new edition of Peters’ _History_: “I have heard that the publisher, Dorus Clarke, used to say that he lost $2,000 by the publication. Sherman Croswell was a young lawyer then living here, a son of the Rev. Dr. Harry Croswell, and brother and classmate (Yale College, 1822) of the more gifted Rev. William Croswell, of the Church of the Advent in Boston. Sherman was born Nov. 10, 1802; removed to Albany in 1831, and became an editor of the _Argus_ with his cousin, Edwin Croswell; returned to New Haven in 1855, and died here March 4, 1859. I have repeatedly heard that he edited this publication, though my authority has never been a very definite one. Munsell’s note I should not hesitate to accept as far as this fact is concerned.” Munsell inadvertently calls Sherman Croswell a brother of Edwin. A spurious edition of this book was published in New York in 1877, edited by a descendant of the author, S. J. McCormick. Cf. _Amer. Antiq. Soc. Proc._, Oct. 22, 1877, and _N. E. Hist. and Geneal. Reg._, 1877, p. 238.

But New Haven was not the only New England colony whose laws were satirized or burlesqued by those who did not sympathize with the strict ways of the Puritan. John Josselyn, who visited the Massachusetts Colony twice, in his account of the country published in 1674 professes to give some of the laws of that colony. Some of those cited by him are true, and some are false. Some were court orders or sentences for crimes. One is similar to a law in Peters’ code: “For kissing a woman in the street, though in the way of civil salute, whipping or a fine” (p. 178). Of course there were at an early period in the colony instances of ridiculous punishments awarded at the sole discretion of the magistrate, of which the record in all cases may not be preserved, and it is hazardous to deny, for that reason, that they ever took place. The existence of standing laws are more easily ascertained. Josselyn (p. 179) refers the reader to “their Laws in print.” During his second visit to Massachusetts (1663-1671) he could have seen the digest of 1649, and that of 1660. Of the first no copy is now extant, but the Connecticut code of 1650, first printed in 1822, was perhaps substantially a transcript of it. 3 _Mass. Hist. Coll._ viii. 214. Josselyn probably never examined either of the Massachusetts digests.

The notorious Edward Ward published, in 1699 a folio of sixteen pages, entitled _A Trip to New England_, etc. (Carter-Brown, ii. 1580.) A large part of it, where he speaks of “Boston and the Inhabitants,” is abusive and scandalous. He enlarges upon Josselyn in the instance cited, whose book he had seen. Mr. Drake and Dr. Shurtleff, in their histories of Boston, both quote from it. No one would think of believing “Ned Ward,” the editor of the _London Spy_, who was sentenced more than once to stand in the pillory for his scurrility; yet for all this he probably was as truthful, if not as pious, as Parson Peters of a later generation.

[665] See Trumbull, i. 297; _New Haven Colonial Records_, ii. 217, 238, 363; _Connecticut Colonial Records_, ii. 283, 303, 308, 324.

[666] [See chap. x. of the present volume, and chap. ix. of Vol. IV.—ED.]

[667] See also Winthrop’s letter in _Connecticut Historical Society’s Collections_, i. 52, and Secretary Clarke’s in _Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc._, xi. 344. The earnest protest of New Haven against the union, till the time it really took place, may be seen in the records of that colony from 1662 to 1665.

[668] See also Hutchinson, i. 213-220; the lecture on _The Regicides sheltered in New England_, Feb. 5, 1869, by Dr. Chandler Robbins, who used the new materials published in a volume of “Mather Papers” in 4 _Massachusetts Historical Society’s Collections_, vol. viii.; J. W. Barber’s _History and Antiquities of New Haven_, etc., 1831.

[669] Cf. Trumbull, _History_, i. 524, 526, 362, 363; Arnold’s _Rhode Island_, vol. i., _passim_; Palfrey, _New England_, vol. ii. [An elaborate monograph of the _Boundary Disputes of Connecticut_, by C. W. Bowen, Boston, 1882, covers the original claims to the soil, and the disputes with Rhode Island, Massachusetts, and New York. It is illustrated with the Dutch map of 1616, an Indian map of 1630, and various others.—ED.]

[670] Copies are rare. A copy sold in the Brinley sale (no. 2,001) for $300. Mr. Brinley issued a private reprint of it, following this copy, in which he gave a fac-simile of the title and an historical introduction.

[671] [Cf. C. K. Adams’s _Manual of Historical Literature_, p. 552. The author was the Rev. Benjamin Trumbull, D.D. (b. 1735; d. 1820). The papers of Governor Jonathan Trumbull (b. 1710; d. 1785), bound in twenty-three volumes, are in the library of the Massachusetts Historical Society; and the writer of the present chapter is the chairman of a committee preparing them for publication. Their chief importance, however, is for the Revolutionary period. The papers were procured in 1795, by Dr. Belknap, from the family of the Governor. One volume (19th) was burned in 1825. _Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc._, i. 85, 393.—ED.]

[672] [Dr. Trumbull’s labors ceased, with the second volume after the union; when, beginning with 1689, the editorial charge was taken by Mr. Hoadly.—ED.]

[673] Reference may here be made to a valuable note on the alleged incident, as related by Dr. Benjamin Trumbull in 1797, which has for so many years invested “The Charter Oak” with so much interest. See Palfrey, iii. 542-544. Vol. iii. of the _Colonial Records_ contains a valuable official correspondence relating to this period, and also the “Laws enacted by Governor Andros and his Council,” for the colony, in 1687.

[674] The first volume (1860) has reprints of Gershom Bulkeley’s _The People’s Right to Election ... argued_, etc., 1869, following a rare tract of Mr. Brinley on _Their Majesties’ Colony of Connecticut in New England Vindicated_, 1694. A second volume of _Collections_ was issued in 1870.

[675] [The first, in 1865, contained a history of the colony, by Henry White; an essay on its civil government, by Leonard Bacon; and others on the currency of the colony, etc. In the second is a valuable sketch of the life and writings of Davenport, by F. B. Dexter, and some notes on Goffe and Whalley from the same source. The third includes J. R. Trowbridge, Jr., on “The Ancient Maritime Interests of New Haven;” Dr. Henry Bronson on “The early Government of Connecticut and the Constitution of 1639;” and F. B. Dexter on “The Early Relations between New Netherland and New England.”—ED.]

[676] It has a map of New Haven in 1641.

[677] [There is no considerable Connecticut bibliography of local history; and F. B. Perkins’s _Check-List of American Local History_ must be chiefly depended on; but the _Brinley Catalogue_, nos. 2,001-2,340, is very rich in this department. So also is Sabin’s _Dictionary_, iv. 395, etc., for official and anonymous publications. There are various miscellaneous references in Poole’s _Index_, p. 292. E. H. Gillett has a long paper on “Civil Liberty in Connecticut” in the _Historical Magazine_, July, 1868. Mr. R. R. Hinman’s _Early Puritan Settlers of Connecticut_ was first issued in 1846-48 (366 pages), and reissued (884 pages) in 1852-56. Cf. _N. E. Hist. and Geneal. Reg._, 1870, p. 84. Savage’s _Genealogical Dictionary of the First Settlers of New England_, however, is the chief source of genealogical information for the earliest comers.—ED.]

[678] The official name of this State since 1663 is “Rhode Island and Providence Plantations.” The Island of “Aquedneck,” its Indian name, spelled in various ways, was so called till 1644, when the Court ordered that henceforth it be “called the Isle of Rhodes, or Rhode Island.” It is said that Block, the Dutch navigator, in 1614, gave the island the name of “Roodt Eylandt,” from the prevalence of red clay in some portions of its shores. There are traditions connecting the name with Verrazano and the Isle of Rhodes in Asia Minor, which require no further mention. See Arnold’s _Rhode Island_, i. 70; _Rhode Island Colonial Records_, i. 127; Verrazano in 2 _N. Y. Hist. Coll._, i. 46; Brodhead’s _New York_, i. 57, 58; _Amer. Antiq. Soc. Proc._, i. 367; J. G. Kohl, in _Magazine of American History_, February, 1883.

[679] In 1838 it was republished as vol. iv. of Rhode Island Historical Society’s _Collections_, edited by Professor Romeo Elton, with notes, and a memoir of the author, and reissued in Boston in 1843; cf. _Carter-Brown Catalogue_, iii. 600.

[680] It was reprinted in 2 _Mass. Hist. Coll._, ix. 166-203. It is called “inaccurate” by Bancroft.

[681] Cited by S. G. Arnold, _History of Rhode Island_, i. 124.

[682] Bartlett’s _Bibliography of Rhode Island_, p. 204.

[683] [A second edition was published in 1874; cf. C. K. Adams’s _Manual of Historical Literature_, p. 552.—ED.]

[684] John Pitman’s Discourse was delivered in August, 1836; Job Durfee’s in January, 1847; and Zachariah Allen’s in April, 1876; and another, by Mr. Allen, on “The Founding of Rhode Island,” in 1881.

[685] The original edition of the _Key_ was issued in London in 1643. _Brinley Catalogue_, no. 2,380. It is also reprinted in the _R. I. Hist. Soc. Coll._, vol. i. See an earlier page under “Massachusetts.”

[686] It was at first intended to republish also such of the writings of John Cotton, George Fox, and John Clarke as were connected with Roger Williams, to be followed by the writings of Samuel Gorton and Governor Coddington; but with the exception of two pieces by Cotton, edited by R. A. Guild, the publications of the Club have been limited to the writings of Williams.

[687] He published an abridgment in 1804, which was reprinted in Philadelphia, in 1844, with a memoir of the author, under the title of _Church History of New England_, from 1620 to 1804. Backus was born in 1724, and died in 1806.

[688] [Dr. Turner also read a paper—_Settlers of Aquedneck and Liberty of Conscience_—before the Historical Society, in February, 1880, which was published at Newport the same year.—ED.]

[689] [Dr. Dexter a few years since recovered a lost tract by Williams, _Christenings make not Christians_, 1645, which he found in the British Museum, and edited for Rider’s _Historical Tracts_, no. 14, in 1881, adding certain of Williams’s letters. Williams’s letter to George Fox, 1672, in his controversy with the Quakers, is printed in the _Historical Magazine_, ii. 56.—ED.]

[690] [Sabin’s _Dictionary_, iv. 106; _Menzies Catalogue_, no. 392; _Carter-Brown Catalogue_, vol. ii. no. 729. It was reprinted in 4 _Mass. Hist. Coll._, ii. pp. 1-113. Thomas Cobbett’s _Civil Magistrates’ Power in Matters of Religion modestly debated_, London, 1653, was in part an answer to this “slanderous pamphlet” (_Prince Catalogue_, no. 97-154). The character of Clarke and the influence of his mission to England, wherein he procured the revocation of William Coddington’s commission as governor, gave rise to a controversy between George Bancroft and Josiah Quincy in relation to the misapprehension of Grahame on the subject in his _History of the United States_; cf. _Historical Magazine_, August, 1865 (ix. 233), and the references noted in the _Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc._, ii. 339. Coddington (of whom there is an alleged portrait in the Council Chamber at Newport,—_N. E. Hist. and Geneal. Reg._, 1873, p. 241) also had his controversy with the Massachusetts authorities, and his side of the question is given in his _Demonstration of True Love unto ... the rulers of the Massachusetts, ... by one who was once in authority with them, but always testified against their persecuting spirit_, which was printed in 1674. _Menzies Catalogue_, no. 422 ($36); _Carter-Brown Catalogue_, vol. ii. no. 1,101. See _Magazine of American History_, iii. 642; _N. E. Hist. and Geneal. Reg._, April, 1882, p. 138.—ED.]

[691] [A copy of the charter is in the _Massachusetts Archives_ (Miscellaneous, i. 135), and it is printed in the _N. E. Hist. and Geneal. Reg._, 1857, p. 41. The discussion in the _Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc._ was by Mr. Deane and Colonel Thomas Aspinwall. The latter’s contribution was also issued in Providence (2d ed.) in 1865, as _Remarks on the Narragansett Patent_.—ED.]

[692] Other digests followed in 1730, 1745, 1752, and 1767.

[693] [Cf. Thomas T. Stone on _Roger Williams the Prophetic Legislator_, Providence, 1872.—ED.]

[694] [Cf. Mr. Whitehead’s chapter in the present volume.—ED.]

[695] See chapter xi.

[696] See chapter xi.

[697] _The History of the Province of New York, from the first Discovery to the year MDCCXXXII. To which is annexed a Description of the Country, with a short Account of the Inhabitants, their Trade, Religious and Political State, and the Constitution of the Courts of Justice in that Colony._ By William Smith, A.M. London; MDCCLVII., 4º, pp. 255.

[698] [Of Smith and his History O’Callaghan (ii. 64) says “Smith knew about as little of the history of New Netherland as many of his readers of the present day.”—ED.]

[699] [Cf. Mr. Fernow’s estimate of Smith in Vol. IV. Also, _Hist. Mag._, xiv. 266.—ED.]

[700] _The Natural, Statistical, and Civil History of the State of New York_, in three volumes, by James Macauley. New York, 1829. 8º.

[701] [Cf. Mr. Fernow’s estimate in Vol. IV.—ED.]

[702] _History of the New Netherlands, Province of New York, and State of New York, to the Adoption of the Federal Constitution._ In two volumes. By William Dunlap. Printed for the author by Carter & Thorp, New York, 1839-1840. 2 vols. 8º.

[703] [Cf. Mr. Fernow’s estimate in Vol. IV.—ED.]

[704] _History of the State of New York_, by John Romeyn Brodhead. First period, 1609-1664. New York, 1853; second edition, 1859. Second period, 1664-1691. New York, 1871. Harper & Brothers, New York. 2 vols. 8º. Mr. Brodhead was born Jan. 21, 1814, and died May 6, 1873.

[705] [Cf. Mr. Fernow’s estimate of Brodhead in Vol. IV., where, in the chapter on New Netherland, an examination is made of the labors of Brodhead and others in amassing and arranging the documentary history of the State.—ED.]

[706] See also Bowden’s _Friends in America_, i. 309; Lamb’s _New York_, i. 180; Valentine’s _Manual_, 1842-43, p. 147; Gay’s _Popular History of the United States_, ii. 236.

[707] There were later enlarged editions in 1680 and 1705, or of about those dates. Muller, _Catalogue_ (1877), no. 3,389.

[708] Cf. Mr. Fernow’s chapter in Vol. IV. It was afterwards followed in part in Lotter’s map. (Asher’s _List_, no. 20.)

[709] [See a chapter in Vol. IV. for the Dutch rule.—ED.]

[710] [See this volume, chap. x., for the English Conquest.—ED.]

[711] [See Vol. IV. for the Swedish rule.—ED.]

[712] [See chapter ix.; and the full treatment of the struggle to maintain the charter, given by Mr Deane, in the _Memorial History of Boston_, i. 329.—ED.]

[713] _East Jersey under the Proprietary Governments_, pp. 250, 251.

[714] Leaming and Spicer’s _Grants and Concessions_, p. 493.

[715] [See chapter x.—ED.]

[716] It was entitled _A Brief Account of the Province of East Jersey in America, published by the present Proprietors, for information of all such persons who are or may be inclined to settle themselves, families, and servants in that country_.

[717] It was styled _A Brief Account of the Province of East New Jersey in America. Published by the Scots’ Proprietors having interest there, For the information of such as may have a desire to Transport themselves or their Families thither; wherein the Nature and Advantage of, and Interest in, a Forraign Plantation to this Country is Demonstrated. Printed by_ JOHN REID.

[718] Twenty-five copies were printed separately, bearing date 1867. Sabin’s _Dictionary_, xiii. 53,079. _Alofsen Catalogue_, No. 823.

[719] Vol. I. p. 226.

[720] It was entitled _The Model of the Government of the Province of East New Jersey in America; And Encouragements for such as Designs to be concerned there. Published for Information of such as are desirous to be Interested in that place_.

[721] [The copies known are these: 1. New Jersey Historical Society. 2. Harvard College Library. 3. John Carter Brown Library, Providence. 4. William A. Whitehead, Newark. 5. J. A. King, Long Island. 6. British Museum. 7. Huth Library, London. 8. Advocates’ Library, Edinburgh. 9. Göttingen University. 10. Lenox Library, New York.—ED.]

[722] The title, in full, is quite a correct table of contents, and under the several headings is given very excellent advice as to the course to be followed to insure success in the new settlements. It is as follows: _Good Order Established in Pennsilvania and New Jersey in America. Being a true Account of the Country, With its Produce and Commodities there made, And the great Improvements that may be made by means of Publick Store-houses for Hemp, Flax, and Linnen-Cloth; also, the Advantages of a Publick School, the profits of a Publick Bank, and the Probability of its arising, if those directions here laid down are followed; With the advantages of publick Granaries. Likewise, several other things needful to be understood by those that are or do intend to be concerned in planting in the said Countries. All which is laid down very plain in this small Treatise; it being easie to be understood by any ordinary Capacity. To which the Reader is referred for his further satisfaction. By_ THOMAS BUDD. _Printed in the year 1685_.

[723] The title, which may also be considered a table of contents, was as follows: _An Historical Description of the Province and Country of West New Jersey in America. A short View of their Laws, Customs, and Religions. As also the Temperament of the Air and Climate, The fatness of the Soil, with the vast Produce of Rice, etc., the improvement of the Lands as in England to Pasture, Meadows, etc. Their making great quantities of Pitch and Tar, as also Turpentine, which proceeds from the Pine Trees, with Rosen as clear as Gum Arabick, with particular Remarks upon their Towns, Fairs, and Markets; with the great Plenty of Oyl and Whale-Bone, made from the great number of whales they yearly take: As also many other Profitable and New Improvements. Never made Publick till now. By_ GABRIEL THOMAS.

[This book is rare, and may be worth, when found, $200. Copies have brought, however, $300 within ten years. _Griswold Catalogue_, Part I. No. 851. It was reprinted in lithographic fac-simile in New York in 1848 for Henry Austin Brady. One copy, on blue writing paper and illustrated, was in the Griswold sale, No. 852.—ED.]

[724] It was entitled _The Case put and decided. By George Fox, George Whitehead, Stephen Crisp, and other the most Antient and Eminent Quakers. Between Edward Billing, on the one part, and some West Jersians, headed by Samuell Jenings, on the other part, In an Award relating to the Government of their Province, wherein, because not moulded to the Pallate of the said Samuell, the Light, the Truth, the Justice, and Infallibility of these great Friends are arreigned by him and his Accomplices. Also Several Remarks and Anniversations on the same Award, setting forth the Premises. With some Reflections on the Sensless Opposition of these Men against the present Governour, and their daring Audatiousness in their presumptuous asserting an Authority here over the Parliament of England. Published for the Information of the Impartial and Considerate, particularly such as Worship God and profess Christianity not in Faction and Hypocrisie, but in Truth and Sincerity_. Ending with the texts Isa. xxx. 1, Isa. xlvii. 10, and [no book given] v. 11.

[725] He entitled it _Truth Rescued from Forgery and Falshood. Being An Answer to a late Scurralous piece, Entituled The Case put and Decided, etc.; Which Stole into the World without any known Author’s name affixed thereto, And renders it the more like its Father, Who was a Lyer and Murtherer from the Beginning. By_ SAMUEL JENINGS.

[726] _A Journal of the Life, Travels, Sufferings, and Labour of Love in the Work of the Ministry of that Worthy Elder and faithful Servant of Jesus Christ, William Edmundson, Who departed this Life the thirty-first of the sixth Month, 1712._

[727] It received the following title: _A Bill in the Chancery of New Jersey, at the Suit of John, Earl of Stair, and others, Proprietors of the Eastern-Division of New Jersey, against Benjamin Bond, and some other Persons of Elizabeth-Town, distinguished as Clinker Lot Right Men; With three large Maps, done from Copper Plates. To which is added The Publications of the Council of Proprietors of East New Jersey, and Mr. Nevill’s Speeches to the General Assembly, Concerning the Riots committed in New Jersey, and the Pretences of the Rioters, and their Seducers. These Papers will give a better Light into the History and Constitution of New Jersey than any Thing hitherto published, the Matters whereof have been chiefly collected from Records. Published by Subscription: Printed by James Parker, in New York, 1747, and a few Copies are to be Sold by him and Benjamin Franklin, in Philadelphia. Price, bound, and Maps coloured, Three Pounds; plain and stitcht only, Fifty Shillings, Proclamation Money_.

[728] It is to be regretted that one who is styled by Smith, the historian of New York, “a gentleman eminent in the law, and equally distinguished for his humanity, generosity, great ability, and honorable stations,” should never have had his biography written. [Alexander’s own copy of the bill was sold in the Brinley sale, 1880, No. 3591, and contained considerable manuscript additions in his handwriting.—ED.]

[729] The following is the title of the publication: _An Answer to a Bill in the Chancery of New Jersey, at the suit of John, Earl of Stair, and others, commonly called Proprietors of the Eastern Division of New Jersey, against Benjamin Bond and others, claiming under the original Proprietors and Associates, of Elizabeth-Town. To which is added: Nothing either of The Publications of The Council of Proprietors of East New-Jersey, or of The Pretences of the Rioters and their Seducers; Except, so far as the Persons meant by Rioters Pretend Title against the Parties to the above Answer; but a Great Deal of the Controversy, Though Much Less of the History and Constitution of New Jersey than the said Bill. Audi Alteram Partem. Published by Subscription. New York: Printed and Sold by James Parker at the New Printing Office in Beaver Street_. 1752, pp. 218, _folio_.

[730] Of the minor publications meriting attention the following are thought worthy of notice here:—

_A Brief Vindication of the Purchassors Against the Proprietors in a Christian Manner. 48 pages 20º. New York, 1746._

_An Answer to the Council of Proprietors’ two Publications, set forth at Perth Amboy the 25th of March, 1746, and the 25th of March, 1747. As also some observations on Mr. Nevill’s Speech to the House of Assembly in relation to a Petition presented to the House of Assembly, met at Trentown, in the Province of New Jersey, in May, 1746. New York: Printed and sold by the Widow Catharine Zenger, 1747_. _Folio_, pp. 13. This is very rare, only two copies known.

_A Pocket Commentary of the first settling of New Jersey by the Europeans; and an Account or fair detail of the original Indian East Jersey Grants, and other rights of the like tenor in East New Jersey. Digested in order. New York: Printed by Samuel Parker. 1759. 8º._

To these may be added the following of an earlier date:—

_A further account of New Jersey in an Abstract of Letters lately writ from thence by several inhabitants there resident, 1676._ This has been reprinted in fac-simile by Mr. Brinton Coxe.

_The true state of the case between John Fenwick, Esq., and John Eldridge and Edmund Warner, concerning Mr. Fenwick’s Ten Parts of his land in West New Jersey in America_. London, 1677; Philadelphia, reprinted 1765. A copy is in the Pennsylvania Historical Society’s Library, as I am informed by Mr. F. D. Stone, the librarian.

_An Abstract or Abbreviation of some few of the many (Later and Former) Testimony from the inhabitants of New Jersey and other eminent persons who have wrote particularly Concerning that Place._ London, 1681. 4º. 32 pp. Several of these letters, between 1677 and 1680, are printed in Smith’s _History_. The preface and whole tenor of the publication shows that rumors published in London were having a detrimental effect. There is a copy in the Carter-Brown Library.

_Proposals by the Proprietors of East New Jersey in America for the building of a town on Amboy Point, and for the disposition of Lands in that Province._ London, 1682, 4º. 6 pp.

[731] _The History of the Colony of Nova-Cæsaria, or New Jersey: containing an account of its First Settlement, progressive improvements, the original and present Constitution, and other events, to the year 1721, with some particulars since; and a short view of its present state. By_ SAMUEL SMITH, _Burlington, in New Jersey. Printed and sold by James Parker. Sold also by David Hall, in Philadelphia, MDCCLXV. 8º_. [Smith was born in 1720, and died in 1776. This edition is a rare book, and may be worth $25.00. Copies have brought much higher sums.—ED.]

[732] As late as 1877, a second edition was published without any alteration,—a questionable proceeding, but evincing the estimation in which the work is held at the present day. [It was issued by William S. Sharp at Trenton, and contains a brief memoir of the author by his nephew, the late John Jay Smith, of Germantown, Pennsylvania.—ED.]

[733] It is entitled _The Grants, Concessions, and Original Constitutions of the Province of New Jersey: The Acts Passed during the Proprietary Governments, and other material Transactions before the Surrender thereof to Queen Anne; The Instrument of Surrender, and Her formal acceptance thereof; Lord Cornbury’s Commission and Instructions consequent thereon. Collected by some Gentlemen employed by the General Assembly, And afterwards Published by Vertue of an Act of the Legislature of the said Province. With proper Tables, alphabetically digested, containing the principal Matters in the Book. By_ AARON LEAMING _and_ JACOB SPICER. _Philadelphia: Printed by W Bradford, Printer to the King’s Most Excellent Majesty for the Province of New Jersey._ Small folio, pp. 763. The date of printing does not appear upon the titlepage; but it is presumed to have been in 1758.

[734] Since this notice of the book was written a new edition of it has unexpectedly appeared, printed by Honeyman & Co., Somerville, New Jersey.

[735] _Documents relating to the Colonial History of the State of New Jersey. [First Series.] Edited by_ WILLIAM A. WHITEHEAD. _Vol. I. 1631-1687. Newark: Daily Journal Establishment. 1880. 8º._ Succeeding volumes cover a period later than that which now occupies us.

[736] Its full title was _East Jersey under the Proprietary Governments; a Narrative of Events connected with the settlement and progress of the Province, until the Surrender of the Government to the Crown in 1702. Drawn principally from original sources. By_ WILLIAM A. WHITEHEAD. _With an appendix containing The Model of the Government of East New Jersey in America. By_ GEORGE SCOT, _of Pitlochie. Now first reprinted from the original edition of 1685. 8º_. pp. 341. A second edition, revised and enlarged, making a volume of 486 pages, with a large number of fac-simile autographs, was published in 1875. [It was also published separate from the _Collections_. It contained a map of New Jersey, 1656, following Vanderdonck’s, and another of East Jersey, with the settlements of about 1682, marked by Mr. Whitehead.—ED.]

[737] On the family of Sir Edmund Plowden, see Burke’s _Commoners_ and _Landed Gentry of Great Britain and Ireland_, under “Plowden;” Baker’s _Northamptonshire_, under “Fermor;” the _Visitation of Oxfordshire_, published by the Harleian Society, and other works cited below, particularly _Records of the English Province of the Society of Jesus_, by Henry Foley, S. J. (London, 1875-1882), especially vol. iv. pp. 537 _et seq._

[738] On this point, see Father Foley’s _Records_, just mentioned, and “A Missing Page of Catholic American History,—New Jersey colonized by Catholics,” by the Rev. R. L. Burtsell, D.D., in the _Catholic World_ for November, 1880 (xxxii. 204 _et seq._, New York, 1881). Sir Edmund Plowden was not so stanch in his adherence to his faith as was his illustrious grandfather, for in 1635 he is said (temporarily, at least) to have counterfeited conformity in religion. See “Sir Edmund Plowden in the Fleet,” by the Rev. Edward D. Neill, in the _Pennsylvania Magazine_, v. 424 _et seq._, an article which “furnishes some facts relative to the career of Sir Edmund Plowden just before he left England for Virginia,” from “the calendars of British State papers during the reign of Charles the First.”

[739] See “Sir Edmund Plowden or Ployden,” by “Albion,” in _Notes and Queries_, iv. 319 _et seq._ (London, 1852), containing so many statements not elsewhere met with as to have provoked a series of pertinent queries from the late Sebastian F. Streeter, Secretary of the Maryland Historical Society, Ibid., ix. 301-2 (London, 1854), several of which, unfortunately, are still unanswered.

[740] The petitions and warrant mentioned, with a paper entitled “The Commodities of the Island called Manati ore Long Isle within the Continent of Virginia,” extracted from Strafford’s _Letters and Despatches_ (i. 72) and _Colonial Papers_ (vol. vi. nos. 60, 61), in the Public Record Office at London, are given in the _N. Y. Hist. Soc. Coll._, 1869, pp. 213 _et seq._ (New York, 1870). “Between this period and 1634,” according to “Albion,” “Sir Edmund was engaged in fulfilling the conditions of the warrant by carrying out the colonization by indentures, which were executed and enrolled in Dublin, and St. Mary’s, in Maryland, in America. In Dublin the parties were Viscount Muskerry, 100 planters; Lord Monson, 100 planters; Sir Thomas Denby, 100 planters; Captain Clayborne (of American notoriety), 50; Captain Balls; and amounting in all to 540 colonizers, beside others in Maryland, Virginia, and New England.” The same persons, with “Lord Sherrard” and “Mr. Heltonhead” and his brother, are named as lessees under the charter of New Albion, in Varlo’s _Floating Ideas of Nature_, ii. 13, hereafter spoken of.

[741] “Confirmed,” says “Albion,” “24th July, 1634.” The Latin original of this charter may be seen in the _Pennsylvania Magazine_, vol. vii. p. 50 _et seq._ (Philadelphia, 1883), with an Introductory Note by the writer, embracing Printz’s account of Plowden, extracts from the wills of Sir Edmund and Thomas Plowden, and a portion of Varlo’s pamphlet, hereafter referred to.

[742] So “Albion.”

[743] Printed in Rymer’s _Fœdera_, xix. 472 _et seq._, A.D. 1633, and reprinted in Ebenezer Hazard’s _Historical Collections_, i. 335 _et seq._, Philadelphia, 1792. For biographical accounts of Yong and Evelin, see _Memoir and Letters of Captain W. Glanville Evelyn_ (Oxford, 1879), and _The Evelyns in America_ (Ibid., 1881), both edited and annotated by G. D. Scull; cf. also “Robert Evelyn, Explorer of the Delaware,” by the Rev. E. D. Neill, in the _Historical Magazine_, second series, vol. iv. pp. 75, 76; and Neill’s _Founders of Maryland_, p. 54, note.

[744] These facts are stated in letters from Yong to Sir Tobie Matthew, referred to in the chapter on Maryland, which also contains a fac-simile of the signature of Thomas Yong.

[745] _Direction for Adventurers, and true description of the healthiest, pleasantest, and richest Plantation of New Albion, in North Virginia, in a letter from Mayster Robert Eveline, that lived there many years._ Small 4º. (“Liber rarissimus,” Allibone.) It was reprinted in chapter iii. of Plantagenet’s _Description of New Albion_, hereafter mentioned.

[746] So Beauchamp Plantagenet.

[747] Before the Committee of Trade. See Samuel Hazard’s _Annals of Pennsylvania_, p. 109.

[748] With regard to whom see Vol. IV., chapter on “New Sweden.”

[749] Hazard’s _Annals_, pp. 109, 110, citing “Albany Records,” iii. 224.

[750] “Sir Edmund Plowden,” by the Rev. Edward D. Neill, _Pennsylvania Magazine of History_, v. 206 _et seq._, citing “Manuscript records of Maryland, at Annapolis.”

[751] Printed at the end of _Kolonien Nya Sveriges Grundläggning_, 1637-1642, af C. T. Odhner (Stockholm, 1876), referred to in Vol. IV., chapter on “New Sweden.” The “former communications” spoken of in it cannot be found, although they have been diligently sought for, on behalf of the writer, in Sweden.

[752] Accomack and Kecoughtan (as it is usually spelled by English writers), the present Hampton. The diverse orthography of the text conforms to the original. The places are noted on contemporary maps.

[753] Cited in Vol. IV., chapter on “New Sweden.” John Romeyn Brodhead, in his _History of the State of New York_, i. 381, 484, mentions Plowden’s visits to Manhattan as occurring in 1643 and 1648.

[754] Scull’s _Evelyns in America_, p. 361 _et seq._ The lawyers referred to were Henry Clerk and Arthur Turner, serjeants-at-law, and Arthur Ducke, Thomas Ryves, Robert Mason, William Merricke, Giles Sweit, Robert King, and William Turner, doctors of laws; of whom, says the editor, two at least, Ducke and Ryves, are “recognized as very able and learned lawyers in their day.” The rest, as well as Bysshe, speak of the letters patent as “under the Great Seal of Ireland.” I am informed by Mr. Scull that the documents mentioned constitute a manuscript folio volume now in the Bodleian Library, Oxford.

[755] _A Description of the Province of New Albion. And a Direction for Adventurers with small stock to get two for one, and good land freely: And for Gentlemen, and all Servants, Labourers, and Artificers to live plentifully. And a former Description reprinted of the healthiest, pleasantest, and richest Plantation of New Albion in North Virginia, proved by thirteen witnesses. Together with a Letter from Master Robert Evelin, that lived there many years, shewing the particularities, and excellency thereof. With a briefe of the charge of victuall, and necessaries, to transport and buy stock for each Planter, or Labourer, there to get his Master £50 per Annum, or more in twelve trades, at £10 charges onely a man. Printed in the Year 1648._ Small 4º, 32 pp. (Sabin’s _Dictionary_, vol. v. no. 19,724.) On the _verso_ of the titlepage (reproduced here from the copy of the book in the Philadelphia Library) appear: “The Order, Medall, and Riban of the Albion Knights, of the Conversion of 23 Kings, their support;” the medal (given also in Mickle’s _Reminiscences of Old Gloucester_) bearing on its face a coroneted effigy of Sir Edmund Plowden, surrounded by the legend, ‘EDMUNDUS. COMES. PALATINUS. ET. GUBER. N. ALBION,’ and on the reverse two coats of arms impaled; the dexter, those of the Province of New Albion, namely, the open Gospel, surmounted by a hand dexter issuing from the partiline grasping a sword erect, surmounted by a crown; the sinister, those of Plowden himself, a _fesse dancettée_ with two _fleurs-de-lis_ on the upper points; supporters, two bucks rampant gorged with crowns,—the whole surmounted by the coronet of an Earl Palatine, and encircled with the motto, ‘SIC SUOS VIRTUS BEAT;’ and the order consisting of this achievement encircled by twenty-two heads couped and crowned, held up by a crowned savage kneeling,—the whole surrounded with the legend, ‘DOCEBO INIQUOS VIAS TUAS, ET IMPII AD TE CONVERTENTUR.’ These engravings are accompanied by Latin mottoes and English verses on “Ployden” and “Albion’s Arms.” The work is the subject of an essay entitled “An Examination of Beauchamp Plantagenet’s Description of the Province of New Albion,” by John Penington, in the _Memoirs of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania_, vol. iv. pt. i. pp. 133 _et seq._ (Philadelphia, 1840), for which the writer is very justly censured by a reviewer in the _Gentleman’s Magazine_ for August, 1840, in these terms: “He has shown himself not unskilful in throwing ridicule upon the exaggerations and falsifications with which (as unhappily has been generally the case with such compositions in all ages) the prospectus of Ployden, or Plowden, abounds; but he has failed in the more difficult task of separating truth from falsehood.” The same critic says: “It is clear to us that the pamphlet was issued with the consent, and probably at the procuration and charges, of Sir Edmund Ployden;” and he attempts to throw some light upon the personality of the author, whose name of “Plantagenet,” undoubtedly, is fictitious. Besides the copy of the _Description of New Albion_ in the Philadelphia Library, there is another in the Carter-Brown Library (_Catalogue_, vol. ii. no. 649), at Providence; three are mentioned by Mr. Penington as included in private libraries; and two, says the writer in the _Gentleman’s Magazine_, are preserved in the British Museum. The book was reprinted from the Philadelphia copy in _Tracts and Other Papers_ collected by Peter Force, vol. ii. no. 7 (Washington, 1838), and again reprinted from Force in Scull’s _Evelyns in America_, p. 67 _et seq._ The citations in the text are taken directly from the Philadelphia and Carter-Brown copies, which will account for some variations from these occasionally inaccurate reprints. A second edition of the original is mentioned by Lowndes as published in 1650. See the _Huth Catalogue_, which says: “The original edition was doubtless published at Middleburgh in 1641 or 1642.”

[756] An intimacy which authorized Plantagenet to speak thus of the Earl Palatine: “I found his conversation as sweet and winning, as grave and sober, adorned with much Learning, enriched with sixe Languages, most grounded and experienced in forain matters of State policy, and government, trade, and sea voyages, by 4 years travell in Germany, France, Italy, and Belgium, by 5 years living an Officer in Ireland, and this last 7 years in America.” “Sir Edmund Plowden,” says “Albion,” “was not inferior to any of his co-governors in ability, fortune, position, or family.”

[757] Reproduced in Heylin’s _Cosmographie_, in Philips’s enlarged edition of Speed’s _Prospect of the Most Famous Parts of the World_, in Stith’s _History of Virginia_ (Williamsburg, 1747), and in the _Pocket Commentary of the first Settling of New Jersey by the Europeans_ (New York, 1759). Compare “Councells Opinions concerning Coll. Nicholls pattent and Indian purchases,” in _Doc. Col. Hist. N. Y._, xiii. 486, 487 (Albany, 1881). On certain of these points, see “Expedition of Captain Samuel Argall,” by George Folsom, in _N. Y. Hist. Soc. Coll._, second series, i. 333 _et seq._ (New York, 1841), and Brodhead’s _History of the State of New York_, i. 54, 55, 140, and notes E and F.

[758] See _Sketches of the Primitive Settlements on the River Delaware_, by James N. Barker (Philadelphia, 1827), Penington’s work already cited, and “An Inquiry into the Location of Mount Ployden, the Seat of the Raritan King,” by the Rev. George C. Schanck, in _New Jersey Hist. Soc. Proc._, vi. 25 _et seq._ (Newark, N. J., 1853). According to Plantagenet, “The bounds is a thousand miles compasse, of this most temperate, rich Province, for our South bound is Maryland North bounds, and beginneth at Aquats or the Southermost or first Cape of Delaware Bay in thirty-eight and forty minutes, and so runneth by, or through, or including Kent Isle, through Chisapeack Bay to Pascatway, including the fals of Pawtomecke river to the head or Northermost branch of that river, being three hundred miles due West; and thence Northward to the head of Hudson’s river fifty leagues, and so down Hudson’s river to the Ocean, sixty leagues; and thence by the Ocean and Isles a crosse Delaware Bay to the South Cape, fifty leagues; in all seven hundred and eighty miles. Then all Hudson’s river, Isles, Long Isle, or Pamunke, and all Isles within ten leagues of the said Province being; and note Long Isle alone is twenty broad, and one hundred and eighty miles long, so that alone is four hundred miles compasse.” These limits of New Albion, as given in Smith’s _History of New Jersey_, are cited by the Rev. William Smith, D.D., in _An Examination of the Connecticut Claim to Lands in Pennsylvania_ (Philadelphia, 1774), with the remark, page 83: “This Grant, which was intended to include all the Dutch Claims, was the Foundation of the Duke of York’s Grant.”

[759] Domestic Interregnum, Entry Book, xcii. 108, 159, 441. Reprinted in _N. Y. Hist. Soc. Coll._ 1869, pp. 221-22.

[760] Reproduced herewith from a copy in the possession of John Cadwalader, Esq., of Philadelphia. It will be seen that Mr. Penington was correct in his account of this map, _op. cit._, notwithstanding the criticisms of the reviewer of his work in the _Gentleman’s Magazine_, which were based not on this, but on a similar map in _The Discovery of New Britaine_ (London, 1651), in the British Museum, collated by “John Farrer, Esq.” Cf. Editorial Note A, following chapter v.

[761] Neill’s _Sir Edmund Plowden_, before cited.

[762] The document is on file in the Prerogative Court of Canterbury, London, and has two seals attached to it,—described by “Albion” as Sir Edmund’s “private seal of the Plowdens, and his Earl’s with supporters, signed ‘Albion,’ the same as is given in Beauchamp Plantagenet’s _New Albion_.” The extracts in the text were copied from the original will by a London correspondent of the writer.

[763] Extract courteously made from the original at Somerset House, London, by the same correspondent. This gentleman assures me that, notwithstanding the declaration of “Albion” to the contrary, the will contains “no allusion whatever to the death of anybody at the hands of American Indians.”

[764] In his manuscript Journal, preserved in Sweden.

[765] See _Doc. Col. Hist. N. Y._, ii. 82, 92.

[766] In these terms: “A Commission was granted to Sir Edmund Ploydon for planting and possessing the more Northern parts [of New Netherland], which lie towards New England, by the name of New Albion.” Similarly (following Heylin) the _Pocket Commentary of the first Settling of New Jersey_.

[767] Maps of “New England and New York” and “Virginia and Maryland,” in this work, name the region on the west side of the Delaware south of the Schuylkill “Aromaninck,” which was understood by Mr. Neill to be the “Eriwomeck” of Yong and Evelin, placed, therefore, at that point by him in articles in the _Historical Magazine_ and the _Pennsylvania Magazine of History_, before referred to. “Aromanink” is given on another map, one of Visscher’s (from which these in Speed’s work were partly derived), agreeing with several of the period in assigning “Ermomex” (quite as likely the true “Eriwomeck”) to the eastern side of the Delaware. Modern historians of New Jersey, following a statement of Evelin, place Yong’s Fort near Pensaukin Creek.

[768] For information with regard to this family, see Note B to Mr. Henry C. Murphy’s translation of “The Representation of New Netherland,” _N. Y. Hist. Soc. Coll._, second series, ii. 323 _et seq._ (New York, 1849), and the Rev. Dr. Burtsell’s article, already quoted. The latter lays particular stress upon the devout fidelity to the Catholic Church of the kinsfolk of the Earl Palatine of New Albion, whether in England or America, and intimates the Catholic character of Sir Edmund Plowden’s projected colony.

[769] In 8º, 30 pp., with the following titlepage: _The Finest Part of America. To be Sold, or Lett, From Eight Hundred to Four Thousand Acres, in a Farm, All that Entire Estate, called Long Island, in New Albion, Lying near New York: Belonging to the Earl Palatine of Albion, Granted to His Predecessor, Earl Palatine of Albion, By King Charles the First._ [asterism] _The Situation of Long Island is well known, therefore needs no Description here. New Albion is a Part of the Continent of Terra Firma, described in the Charter to begin at Cape May; from thence Westward 120 Miles, running by the River Delaware, closely following its Course by the North Latitude, to a certain Rivulet there arising from a Spring of Lord Baltimore’s, in Maryland; to the South from thence, taking its Course into a Square, bending to the North by a Right Line 120 Miles; from thence also into a Square inclining to the East in a right Line 120 Miles to the River and Port of Reacher Cod, and descends to a Savannah or Meadow, turning and including the Top of Sandy Hook; from thence along the Shore to Cape May, where it began, forming a Square of 120 Miles of good Land. Long Island is mostly improved and fit for a Course of Husbandry. N.B.—Great Encouragement will be given to improving Tenants, by letting the Lands very cheap, on Leases of Lives, renewable for ever_. _Letters (Post paid) signed with real Names, directed for F. P., at Mr. Reynell’s Printing-Office, No. 21, Piccadilly, near the Hay-Market, will be answered, and the Writer directed where he may be treated with, relative to the Conditions of Sale, Charter, Title Deeds, a Map, with the Farms allotted thereon, etc., etc. Just Published, and may be had as above (Price One Shilling), A True Copy of the Above Charter, With the Conditions of Letting, or Selling the Land, and other Articles relating thereto_. A copy of this rare tract (that collated by Sabin, and consulted by the writer) is owned by Mr. Charles H. Kalbfleisch, of New York; others are mentioned in Mr. Whitehead’s _East Jersey under the Proprietors_ (2d ed.), p. 11, _note_, as belonging to the late John Ruthurfurd, of Newark, N. J., and the late Henry C. Murphy, of New York. The copy formerly pertaining to Varlo’s counsellor, William Rawle, long since passed out of the possession of his family. Of the contents of the book mentioned in the text, the translation of the charter and the lease and release were reprinted in Hazard’s _Historical Collections_, i. 160 _et seq._; the address is given (with the error “Sir Edward” for “Sir Edmund Plowden”) in a “parergon” to Penington’s essay; and the conditions for letting or selling land appear in the _Pennsylvania Magazine of History_, vii. 54, as before intimated.

[770] “The Proclamation,” says Mr. Murphy, “has not been republished. The only copy which we know of is the one for the use of which we are indebted to the kindness of the Hon. Peter Force, of Washington.”

[771] Notice was also given that “True copies in Latin and English of the original charter registered in Dublin, authenticated under the hand and seal of the Lord Mayor of Dublin, 1784, may be seen, by applying to Captain Cope, at the State Arms Tavern, New York.”

[772] An account of Varlo’s “Tour through America” was given in his _Nature Displayed_, p. 116 _et seq._ (London, 1794), and was reprinted (with slight variations of phrase) in his _Floating Ideas of Nature_, ii. 53 _et seq._, London, 1796. A copy of the former book is in the Mercantile Library of Philadelphia, and one of the latter is in the Library of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania.

[773] The letters appear in the _Floating Ideas of Nature_, ii. 9 _et seq._

[774] The authorities cited in this paper contain, it is believed, all the facts in print concerning New Albion, although the subject is mentioned in all the general and in many of the local annals of New Jersey, as well as in several histories of Pennsylvania, Maryland, and New York.

[775] See chapter ix.

[776] As early as 1658 Josiah Coale and Thomas Thurston visited the Susquehanna Indians. They were received with great kindness, and spent some weeks with the red men, travelling over two hundred miles in their company. Coale also visited the tribes of Martha’s Vineyard and others of Massachusetts. He returned to them after being liberated from prison at Sandwich, and was told by a chief: “The Englishmen do not love Quakers, but the Quakers are honest men and do no harm; and this is no Englishman’s sea or land, and the Quakers shall come here and welcome.” Of this early teacher Penn wrote: “Therefore shall his memorial remain as a sweet oyntment with the Righteous, and time shall never blot him out of their remembrance.” Fox had several meetings with the Indians, and at one he says, “They sat very grave and sober, and were all very attentive, beyond many called Christians.” After Fox’s return to England, his interest in the Indians continued, and in 1681 he wrote to the Burlington Meeting to invite the Indians to worship with them. It was thus that the way was prepared for the peaceful settlement of West Jersey and Pennsylvania.

[777] [See Mr. Whitehead’s chapter in the present volume.—ED.]

[778] _An Abstract or Abbreviation of some Few of the Many (Latter and Former) Testimonys from the Inhabitants of New Jersey_, etc. London, 1681.

[779] [The history of the Swedish period is told in Vol. IV.—ED.]

[780] _History of Chester County, Pa._, by Judge J. Smith Futhey and Gilbert Cope, p. 18.

[781] The courts were of three different kinds: namely, the County Courts, Orphans’ Courts, and Provincial Court. The County Courts sat at irregular intervals during the year, and were composed of justices of the peace, commissioned from time to time, the number of whom varied with the locality, the press of business, or the caprice of the government. They had jurisdiction to try criminal offences of inferior grades, and all civil causes except where the title to land was in controversy. In proper cases they exercised a distinct equity jurisdiction, which seems, however, to have been excessively irritating to the people. In many instances they were materially assisted in their labors by boards of peacemakers, who were annually appointed to settle controversies, and who performed pretty nearly the same functions as modern arbitrators. The Justices of the County Courts sat also in the Orphans’ Courts, which were established in every county to control and distribute the estates of decedents. For some cause now imperfectly understood, the conduct of the early Orphans’ Courts was exceedingly unsatisfactory, and their practice so irregular that but little can be gleaned respecting them.

The Provincial Court, which was established in 1684, was composed of five, afterwards of three, judges, who were always among the most considerable men in the province. They had jurisdiction in cases of heinous or enormous crimes, and also in all cases where the title to land was in controversy. An appeal also lay to this court from the County and Orphans’ Courts, in all cases where it was thought that injustice had been done.

[782] In 1700 the admiralty jurisdiction was done away with by the establishment of a regular vice-admiralty court in the province.

[783] Manuscript note furnished by Lawrence Lewis, Jr., Esq.

[784] [See the Maryland view of this controversy in chap. xiii.—ED.]

[785] This must not be confused with the present Cape Henlopen, which was in 1760 called Cape Cornelius. The line was eventually run from a point known as “The False Cape,” about twenty-three or twenty-four miles south of the present Cape Henlopen.

[786] While in America, Penn made other purchases from the Indians. One purchase from the Five Nations for land on the Susquehanna was delayed until after the limits between Pennsylvania and Maryland were settled, when it was consummated in 1696, through the agency of Governor Dongan of New York, and confirmed by the Indians in 1701.

[787] Manuscript note furnished by Samuel W. Pennypacker, Esq.

[788] [There is a contemporary map showing the laying out of Philadelphia by Holme (concerning which much will be found in John Reed’s _Explanation of the Map of Philadelphia_, 1774), and also a part of Harris’s map of Pennsylvania, which gives the location of Pennsbury Manor, Penn’s country house, in Bucks County, four miles above Bristol, on the Delaware, which was built during Penn’s first visit, on land purchased by Markham of the Indians. See the view in Gay’s _Popular History of the United States_, iii. 174.—ED.]

[789] Their frames were logs; they were thirty feet long and eighteen wide, with a partition in the middle forming two rooms, one of which could be again divided. They were covered with clapboards, which were “rived feather-edged.” They were lined and filled in. The floor of the lower rooms was the ground; that of the upper was of clapboards. These houses, he said, would last ten years; but some persons, even in the villages, had built much better. The house built for James Claypoole was about such as we have described. It had, however, a good cellar, but no chimney. He said it looked like a barn.

[790] _Some Account of the Province of Pennsilvania in America, Lately Granted under the Great Seal of England To William Penn, etc., Together with Priviledges and Powers necessary to the well-governing thereof. Made public for the Information of such as are or may be disposed to Transport Themselves or Servants into those Parts._ London: Printed and Sold by Benjamin Clark, etc., 1681.

See _Carter-Brown Catalogue_, vol. ii. no. 1,225; _Rice Catalogue_, no. 1,753. There is a copy in Harvard College Library, from which the accompanying fac-simile of title is taken. The chief portion of it is reprinted in Hazard’s _Annals of Pennsylvania_, p. 505; Hazard’s _Register of Pennsylvania_, i. 305.

In this pamphlet we have the origin of the quit-rents, which gave considerable uneasiness in the province. It gives also a picture of the social condition of England.

[791] _Een Kort Bericht van de Provintie ofte Landschap Pennsylvania genaemt; leggende in America; Nu onlangs onder het groote Zegel van Engeland gegeven aan William Penn, etc._ Rotterdam: Pieter van Wynbrugge, 1681, 4º, 24 pp. See _Carter-Brown Catalogue_, vol. ii. no. 1,227; Trömel, _Bibliotheca Americana_, no. 381.

A copy of this was sold at the Stevens sale (no. 619) in 1881 for £10 5_s._

[792] _Eine nachricht wegen der Landschaft Pennsylvania in America: welche jungstens unter dem Grossen Siegel in Engelland an William Penn, etc._ Amsterdam: Christoff Cunraden, 4º, 31 pp. _See Carter-Brown Catalogue_, vol. ii. no. 1,226. A copy is in the Philadelphia Library. (Loganian, no. Q, 1,262.) [Harrassowitz of Leipzig, in recently advertising a copy (28 marks) with the imprint, Frankfort, 1683, says that it originally formed a part of the _Diarium Europæum_, and was never published separately.—ED.]

[793] _Recit de l’Estat Present des Celebres Colonies de la Virgine, de Marie-Land, de la Caroline, du nouveau Duché d’York, de Pennsylvania, et de la Nouvelle Angleterre, situées dans l’Amerique septentrionale, etc._ Rotterdam: Reinier Leers, 4º, 43 pp. _Carter-Brown Catalogue_, vol. ii. no. 1,230; Leclerc’s _Bibliotheca Americana_, no. 1,324.

[794] _A Brief Account of the Province of Pennsylvania, lately granted by the King, under the Great Seal of England, to William Penn and his Heirs and Assigns._ London: Printed by Benjamin Clark, in George-Yard in Lombard Street, 4º; also abridged and issued in folio, without place or date.

There is a copy in Harvard College Library. Cf. Smith’s _Catalogue of Friends’ Books_, and _Rëcuel de Diverses pieces concernant la Pensylvanie_. See _infra_, p. 31.

[795] _Plantation Work the Work of this Generation. Written in True-Love To all such as are weightily inclined to Transplant themselves and Families to any of the English Plantations in America. The Most material Doubts and Objections against it being removed, they may more cheerfully proceed to the Glory and Renown of the God of the whole Earth, who in all undertakings is to be looked unto, Praised, and Feared for Ever. Aspice venturo lætetur ut India Sêclo._ London: Printed for Benjamin Clark, in George-Yard in Lombard Street, 1682, 4º, 18 pp. and title.

Copies of the tract are in the Carter-Brown Library, vol. ii. 1,252, Friends’ Library, Philadelphia, and in that of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania.

[796] _The Frame of the Government of the Province of Pennsilvania in America: Together with certain Laws agreed upon in England by the Governour and divers Free Men of the aforesaid Province._ Folio, 11 pp., 1682.

Penn’s copy of the above, with his bookplate, is in the library of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania. It was purchased at the Stevens sale in 1881 for £10 5_s._ (Stevens’s _Historical Collection_, no. 623; _Carter-Brown Catalogue_, vol. ii. no. 1,251.) There is another copy in Harvard College Library, from which the annexed fac-simile of title is taken. Later editions of the _Frame_, containing the alterations made in 1683, are spoken of on a subsequent page.

[797] _Information and Direction To Such Persons as are inclined to America, more Especially Those related to the Province of Pennsylvania._ Folio, 4 pp.

The title of this tract is given in Smith’s _Catalogue of Friends’ Books_, under date of 1681. It is reprinted, with a fac-simile of the half-title, in _Pennsylvania Magazine of History_, iv. 329, from a copy in possession of Mr. Henry C. Murphy. An edition was published at Amsterdam in 1686, which is given on a following page.

[798] There is a copy of the original tract in Harvard College Library. Its title is as follows,—

_The Articles, Settlement, and Offices of the Free Society of Traders in Pennsilvania: Agreed upon by divers Merchants and others for the better Improvement and Government of Trade in that Province._ London: Printed for Benjamin Clark, folio, 14 pp., 1682.

[799] Copies of it are in the British Museum and in the Friends’ Library, London. It is reprinted in the _Pennsylvania Magazine of History_, vi. 176, from a transcript obtained from the British Museum.

[800] _A Letter from William Penn, Proprietary and Governour of Pennsylvania in America, to the Committee of the Free Society of Traders of that Province, residing in London. To which is added An Account of the City of Philadelphia, etc._ Printed and Sold by Andrew Sowle, at the Crooked-Billet in Holloway Lane in Shoreditch, and at several Stationers’ in London, folio, 10 pp., 1683.

A copy of the edition, with list of property holders, is in the Library of the New York Historical Society. It has been lately reprinted by Coleman, of London. Copies of the edition, which does not contain the list of purchasers, are in the Philadelphia Library and in the Historical Society of Pennsylvania. It is reprinted in Proud’s _History of Pennsylvania_, i. 246; Hazard’s _Register of Pennsylvania_, i. 432; Janney’s _Life of Penn_, p. 238; and in the various editions of Penn’s collected _Works_. Menzies’ copy sold for $65. Harvard College Library has a copy without the list; another is in the Carter-Brown Library. Cf. Rich’s _Catalogue_ of 1832, no. 403.

[801] _Missive van William Penn, Eygenaar en Gouverneur van Pennsylvania, in America. Geschreven aan de Commissarissen van de Vrye Societeyt der Handelaars, op de selve Provintie, binnen London resideerende. Waar by noch gevoeght is een Beschrijving van de Hooft-Stadt Philadelphia, etc._ Amsterdam: Gedrukt voor Jacob Claus, 1684, 4º, 23 pp.

A copy is in the Carter-Brown Library, _Catalogue_, vol. ii. no. 1,293, and in the _O’Callaghan Catalogue_, no. 1,816 ($20). The one in the Library of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania lacks the map. It contains, in addition to what is in the London edition, a letter from Thomas Paschall, dated from Philadelphia, Feb. 10, 1683 (N. S.), the first, we believe, dated from that locality. This letter will be found translated in _Pennsylvania Magazine of History_, vi. 322.

[802] _Beschreibung der in America new-erfunden Provinz Pensylvanien. Derer Inwohner Gesetz Arth Sitten und Gebrauch: auch samlicher reviren des Landes sonderlich der haupt-stadt Philadelphia._ (Hamburg.) Henrich Heuss, 1684, 4º, 32 pp. _Carter-Brown Catalogue_, vol. ii. no. 1,295.

[803] _Recüeil de Diverses pieces concernant la Pensylvanie._ A La Haye: Chez Abraham Troyel, 1684, 18º, 118 pp.

Of the copy in the Carter-Brown Library, Mr. J. R. Bartlett, its curator, writes that it is the same with the German. _Carter-Brown Catalogue_, vol. ii. no. 1,295. Another copy is in the possession of a member of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania; cf. Stevens, _Historical Collection_, no. 1,539.

[804] _Twee Missiven geschreven uyt Pensilvania, d’ Eene door een Hollander, woonachtig in Philadelfia, d’ Ander door een Switser, woonachtig in German Town, Dat is Hoogduytse Stadt. Van den 16 en 26 Maert, 1684, Nieuwe Stijl._ Tot Rotterdam, by Pieter van Alphen, anno 1684, 2 leaves, small 4º.

[805] See Mr. Whitehead’s chapter in the present volume, and Proud’s _History of Pennsylvania_, i. 226.

[806] We are unable to give any information additional to that furnished by Mr. Whitehead, except that a copy of this tract sold for $160 at the Brinley sale, and that the original edition can be found in the Carter-Brown, Lenox, Historical Society of Pennsylvania, and Friends’ (of Philadelphia) libraries; cf. _Historical Magazine_, vi. 265, 304. A biographical sketch of Budd will be found in Mr. Armstrong’s introduction to the work as published in Gowan’s _Bibliotheca Americana_, no. 4.

[807] _Missive van Cornelis Bom Geschreven uit de Stadt Philadelphia in de Provintie van Pennsylvania Leggende op d’ vostzyde van de Zuyd Revier van Nieuw Nederland Verhalende de groote Voortgank van deselve Provintie Waerby komt de Getuygenis van Jacob Telner van Amsterdam._ Tot Rotterdam, gedrukt by Pieter van Wijnbrugge, in de Leeuwestraet, 1685.

The title we give is from a copy in the “Library of the Archives” of the Moravians, Bethlehem, Pa.

[808] _A Further Account of the Province of Pennsylvania and its Improvements. For the Satisfaction of those that are Adventurers and enclined to be so._ No titlepage. Signed “William Penn, Worminghurst Place, 12th of the 10 month, 1685.”

_Tweede Bericht ofte Relaas van William Penn, Eygenaar en Gouverneur van de Provintie van Pennsylvania, in America, etc._ Amsterdam: By Jacob Claus, 4º, 20 pp.

Copies of all three editions are in the Carter-Brown Collection. (_Catalogue_, ii. 1, 320-22). The two English editions are in the possession of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania. Extracts from it are given in Blome’s _Present State of His Majesties Isles and Territories in America_, London, 1687, pp. 122-134. We do not think that the work has ever been reprinted. Trömel, _Bibliotheca Americana_, no. 390, gives the Dutch edition.

[809] _Nader Informatie en Bericht voor die gene die genegen zijn, om zich na America te begeeven, en in de Provincie van Pensylvania Geinteresseerd zijn, of zich daar zocken neder te zetten. Mit een Voorreden behelzende verscheydene aanmerkelzjke zaken vanden tegenwoordige toestand, en Regeering dier Provincie; Novit voor dezen in druk geweest: maar nu eerst uytgegeven door Robert Webb t’ Amsterdam._ By Jacob Claus, 1686, 4º, i+11 pp. _Carter-Brown Catalogue_, vol. ii. no. 1,332.

[810] _A Letter from Doctor More, with Passages out of several Letters from Persons of Good Credit, Relating to the State and Improvement of the Province of Pennsilvania._ Published to prevent false Reports. Printed in the Year 1687.

It is reprinted in _Pennsylvania Magazine of History_, iv. 445, from a copy in the Carter-Brown Library, _Catalogue_, vol. ii. no. 1,339.

[811] _Some Letters and an Abstract of Letters from Pennsylvania, Containing the State and Improvement of that Province. Published to prevent Mis-Reports._ Printed and Sold by Andrew Sowe, at the Crooked Billott in Holloway Lane in Shoreditch, 1691, 4º, 12 pp.

Penn’s copy is in the Library of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania; see _Carter-Brown Catalogue_, ii. 1,423. It is reprinted in _Pennsylvania Magazine of History_, iv. 189.

[812] _A Short Description of Pennsilvania, or, A Relation What things are known, enjoyed, and like to be discovered in the said Province._ [Imperfect.] By Richard Frame. Printed and sold by William Bradford in Philadelphia, 1692, 4º, 8 pp.

But one copy is known to have survived, and it is preserved in the Philadelphia Library. A small edition was printed in fac-simile, in 1867, on the Oakwood Press, a private press of “S. J. Hamilton” (the late Dr. James Slack). Its introduction is in the form of a letter by Horatio Gates Jones, Esq.

[813] _Copia Eines Send-Schriebens ausz der neuen Welt, betreffend die Erzehlung einer gefäherlichen Schifffarth, und glücklichen Anländung etlicher Christlichen Reisegefehrten, welche zu dem Ende diese Wallfahrt angetratten, den Glauben an Jesum Christum allda Ausz-zubreiten._ Gedruckt im Jahr 1695, 4º, 11 pp.

A copy was purchased by the Historical Society of Pennsylvania at the Stevens sale in 1881 for £26. It has been translated by Professor Oswald Seidensticker for publication in the _Pennsylvania Magazine of History_. Professor Seidensticker inclines to the belief that it was written by Daniel Falkner.

[814] There are two copies of the book in Harvard College Library; from the map in one the annexed fac-simile is taken. Cf. Wharton’s paper on provincial literature in _Hist. Soc. Mem._, i. 119; and the _Carter-Brown Catalogue_, ii. 1,550.

[815] _Umstandige Geographische Beschreibung Der zu allerletzt-erfundenen Provintz Pensylvaniæ, In denen End Grantzen Americæ In der West-Welt gelegen durch Franciscum Danielem Pastorium, etc. Vattern Melchiorem Adamum Pastorium, und andere gute Freunde._ Franckfurt und Leipzig. Zu finden bey Andreas Otto, 1700, 16º, 140 pp.

The Harvard College copy is dated 1704; cf. _Brinley Catalogue_, no. 3,077; and _O’Callaghan Catalogue_, no. 1,807, with a _Continuatio_ of 1702 ($43 00).

[816] _Curieuse Nachricht von Pensylvania in Norden-America welche auf Begehren guter Freunde, etc._ Von Daniel Falknern, Professore, Burgern und Pilgrim allda. Franckfurt und Leipzig. Zu finden bey Andreas Otto, Buchhandlern, 1702, 16º, 58 pp.

[817] It is worth while to make record of two tracts of this early period whose titles might deceive the student with the belief that they pertained to the subject, but they do not. The first is a burlesque indorsement of the Protestant Reconciler, entitled _Three Letters of Thanks to the Protestant Reconciler_: _1. From the Anabaptists at Munster; 2. From the Congregations in New England; 3. From the Quakers in Pennsylvania._ London: Benjamin Took, 1683, 4º, 26 pp.

The other is a Letter to _William Penn, with His Answer_, London, 1688, 4º, 10 pp; again the same year in 20 pp.; and in Dutch, 16 pp., Amsterdam, 1689.

This letter, by Sir William Popple, is addressed “To the Honourable William Penn, Esq., Proprietor and Governor of Pennsylvania.” It is a friendly criticism on his conduct while living in England, after his return from America. It has nothing to do with his province but is of a biographical nature. Proud prints the correspondence in his _History of Pennsylvania_ (i. 314). It has been catalogued as connected with the history of the province. Cf. _Carter-Brown Catalogue_, vol. ii., nos. 1,363 and 1,390. Both of the London editions are in the possession of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania.

The student may also need to be warned against a forged letter of Cotton Mather, about a plot to capture Penn. _Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc._, 1870, p. 329.

[818] _A Journal or Historical Account of his Life, Travels, Sufferings, etc._ London, 1694, folio. Again, London, 1709; 1765; 7th ed., 1852, with notes by Wilson Armistead. Allibone’s _Dictionary_, i. 625; Sabin’s _Dictionary_, vi. 25, 352.

[819] London, 1713; Dublin, 1715; London, 1715, 1777; Dublin, 1820; and in two different Friends’ libraries, 1833 and 1838. Sabin, vi. 21,873.

[820] _Apology for the Church and People of God called in derision Quakers; Wherein they are vindicated from those that accuse them of Disorder and Confusion on the one hand, and from such as calumniate them with Tyranny and Imposition on the other; shewing that as the true and pure Principles of the Gospel are restored by their Testimony, so is also the ancient apostolick order of the Church of Christ re-established among them, and settled upon its Right Basis and Foundation._ By Robert Barclay, London, 1676, 1 vol., 4º.

There have been various later editions in English and German. Masson calls this book by far the best-reasoned exposition of the sect’s early principles.

[821] _A Collection of the Sufferings of the People called Quakers, for the testimony of a good Conscience._ London, 1753, 2 vols., folio.

[822] _The History of the Rise, Increase, and Progress of the Christian People called Quakers, intermixed with several remarkable occurrences. Written originally in Low Dutch by W. S., and by himself translated into English._ London, 1722, folio, 752 pp. There are later editions,—London, 1725; Philadelphia, 1725; Burlington, N. J., 1775; again, 1795, 1799-1800; Philadelphia, 1811; again, 1833, in Friends’ Library; New York, 1844, etc. The Philadelphia edition of 1725 bears the imprint of Samuel Keimer. It was this book which Franklin, in his _Autobiography_, tells us he and Meredith worked upon just after they had established themselves in business. Forty sheets, he says, were from their press.

[823] [This was published at Amsterdam in 1696, and was translated into English, with a letter by George Keith, vindicating himself, the same year; and also into German. Sabin’s _Dictionary_, v. 17,584. The next year (1797) Francis Bugg’s _Picture of Quakerism_ was printed as “A modest Corrective of Gerrard Croese” (Sabin, iii. 9,072); Bugg having, since about 1684, joined their opponents. _Brinley Catalogue_, no. 3,503.—ED.]

[824] _Portraiture of Quakerism_, 3 vols., London, 1806; New York, same date.

[825] Four vols., Philadelphia, 1860-67.

[826] London, 1876.

[827] _An Examen of Parts relating to the Society of Friends in a recent work by Robert Barclay, entitled, etc._ Philadelphia, 1876.

[828] See also _Brinley Catalogue,_ no. 3,479, for a variety of titles; and Bohn’s _Lowndes_, p. 2017.

[829] It may not, however, be out of place to mention here the chief reasons on which the followers of Fox base their objections to the manner in which it is customary to speak of the first Quakers who visited New England. It is generally represented that it was the behavior of these early ministers which caused their persecution; but before a European Quaker had set foot on Massachusetts the court had denounced them, and in October, 1656, a law was passed which spoke of them as a “cursed sect of heretickes.” It is also customary to speak of the executions of Quakers in Boston in connection with certain acts of indecency committed by women who were either laboring under mental aberrations or believed that they were fulfilling a divine command, leaving on the mind of the reader the impression that the capital law was called into existence to correct such abuses. No such acts were committed until after the capital law had fallen into disuse. Nor is it clear, from printed authorities, that the death penalty was only inflicted after every possible means had been tried by the Massachusetts authorities to rid themselves of their unwelcome visitors. The language of the law of 1658, which declared that if a banished Quaker returned he or she should suffer death, does not show that it supplemented that of 1657, by which punishments increasing in severity were visited on Quakers upon their first, second, and third return. Neither will the practice under the law of 1658 justify this interpretation. The penalties of the law of 1657 had not been exhausted in the cases of Mary Dyer, William Robinson, Marmaduke Stevenson, and William Ledera, when they were hanged.

[830] See _Memoirs of Long Island Historical Society_, vol. i.

[831] London, 1726, 2 vols., folio; London, 1771, 1 vol., royal folio; London, 1782, 5 vols., 8º; London, 1825, 3 vols., 8º.

[832] A list of the most important of these, with references to where they will be found, is printed in _Pennsylvania Magazine of History_, vi. 368.

[833] London, 1813, 2 vols.; Dover, N. H., 1820; new edition, with preface by Forster, 1849. It is reviewed by Jeffrey in _Edinburgh Review_, xxi. 444.

[834] Philadelphia, 1852; cf. Sabin’s _Dictionary_, vol. ix. p. 221. Mr. Janney was appointed Indian Agent by President Grant, 1869. He died April 30, 1880.

[835] London, 1851; again, 1856. It is reviewed in the _Edinburgh Review_, xciv. 229, and _Christian Observer_, li. 818.

[836] Two vols., 1791. It is of some interest to note another French life by C. Vincent, Paris, 1877, and a Dutch life by H. van Lil, Amsterdam, 1820-25, 2 vols.

[837] 1. ANSWERS TO MACAULAY.—_Defence of William Penn from Charges, etc., of T. B. Macaulay_, by Henry Fairbairn. Philadelphia, 1849, 8º, 38 pp.

2. _William Penn and T. B. Macaulay_, by W. E. Forster. Revised for the American edition by the author. Philadelphia, 1850, 8º, 48 pp. This first appeared as an Introduction to an edition of Clarkson’s _Life of W. Penn_, London, 1850.

3. _William Penn_, par L. Vullieum. Paris, 1855, 8º, 83 pp.

4. _Inquiry into the Evidence relating to the Charges brought by Lord Macaulay against W. Penn_, by John Paget. Edinburgh, 1858, 12º, 138 pp. Cf. also _Westminster Review_, liv. 117; and _Eclectic Magazine_, xxiii. 115; xxxix. 120. Sabin’s _Dictionary_, 49,743.

ADDITIONAL WORKS.—_Memorials of the Life and Times of_ [Admiral] _Sir W. Penn_, by Granville Penn. London, 1833, 2 vols. 8º. Cf. also P. S. P. Conner’s _Sir William Penn_, Philadelphia, 1876, and “The Father of Penn not a Baptist,” in _Historical Magazine_, xvi. 228.

“The Private Life and Domestic Habits of W. Penn,” by Joshua F. Fisher, in the _Memoirs of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania_, vol. iii.