ii. 389-434 (all references to Oviedo and Las Casas in this chapter

are to the editions issued by the _Real Academia_); Herrera, dec. i. lib. 4, chaps. i.-iv.; Navarrete, _Coleccion_, iii. 4-11, 167, 543-545; Humboldt, _Examen critique_, i. 313, and iv. 195, 220; Helps, _Spanish Conquest_, i. 263, 280, ii. 106; Irving, _Companions_, pp. 9-27; Bancroft, _Central America_, i. 111, 118, 308; Ruge, _Geschichte des Zeitalters der Entdeckungen_, p. 322. There is also a notice of Ojeda by Navarrete in his _Opúsculos_, i. 113.

[633] [On this see note on p. 7 of the present volume.—ED.]

[634] Navarrete, _Coleccion_, iii. 12, _note_ 1.

[635] _Biblioteca marítima española_, ii. 525.

[636] Page 117, ed. 1532. For other references to this voyage, see Peter Martyr (dec. i. chap. viii.), whose account is based on the above; Herrera, dec. i. lib. 4, chap. v.; Navarrete, _Coleccion_, iii. 11-18, 540-542; Humboldt, _Examen critique_, iv. 220; Bancroft, _Central America_, i. 111; Irving, _Companions_, pp. 28-32.

[637] Chapters cxii. and cxiii. In Latin in Grynæus, p. 119, edition of 1532.

[638] Varnhagen, _Examen de quelques points de l’histoire géographique du Brésil_, pp. 19-24; Varnhagen, _Historia geral do Brazil_ (2d ed.), i. 78-80.

[639] Cf. Navarrete, _Coleccion_, iii. 19, _note_. Humboldt (_Examen critique_, i. 313) says that Vicente Yañez saw the coast forty-eight days before Cabral left Lisbon. As to the exact date of Vicente Yañez’ landfall, the _Paesi novamente_ (chap. cxii.) gives it as January 20, while Peter Martyr (dec. i. chap. ix.), who usually follows the _Paesi novamente_, in his description of this and of the Guerra and Niño voyages gives it as “Septimo kalendas Februarii,” or January 26. But the difference is unimportant. [Cf. further the section on the “Historical Chorography of South America,” in which the question is further examined.—ED.]

[640] Navarrete, iii. 547 _et seq._

[641] See also Navarrete, _Notice chronologique_, in _Quatre voyages_, i. 349, and Humboldt, Introduction to Ghillany’s _Behaim_, p. 2, where he says, in the description of the La Cosa map, that Cabo de S. Augustin, whose position is very accurately laid down on that map, was first called Rostro Hermoso, Cabo Sta. Maria de la Consolacion, and Cabo Sta. Cruz. In this he is probably correct; for if Vicente Yañez or Lepe did not discover it, how did La Cosa know where to place it?—unless he revised his map after 1500. This is not likely, as the map contains no hint of the discoveries made during his third voyage undertaken with Rodrigo de Bastidas in 1500-1502. Cf. Stevens, _Notes_, p. 33, note.

[642] Cf. two _Real provisions_ of date Dec. 5. 1500, in Navarrete, iii. 82, 83; and see also a _Capitulacion_ and _Asiento_ of date Sept. 5, 1501, in _Documentos inéditos_, xxx. 535. Other references to this voyage are,—Herrera, dec. i. lib. 4, chap. vi.; Navarrete, iii. 18-23; Humboldt, _Examen critique_, iv. 221; Bancroft, _Central America_, i. 112; and Irving, _Companions_, pp. 33-41.

[643] Navarrete, _Coleccion_, iii. 552-555.

[644] Ibid., iii. 552.

[645] Ibid., iii. 80, 81.

[646] _Capitulacion_, etc., Sept. 14, 1501 (_Documentos inéditos_, xxxi. 5); _Cédulas_, November, 1501 (_Documentos inéditos_, xxxi. 100, 102); another cédula of January, 1502 (_Documentos inéditos_, xxxi. 119). See also Herrera, dec. i. lib. 4, chap. vii.; Navarrete, iii. 23, 594; Humboldt, _Examen critique_, i. 314, iv. 221; Bancroft, _Central America_, i. 113; and Irving, _Companions_, p. 42.

[647] Navarrete, _Coleccion_, iii. 5, and _note_, and p. 539; Humboldt, _Examen critique_, i. 88, and _note_. [Cf. the section in the present volume on “The Early Maps of the Spanish and Portuguese Discoveries,” _ante_, p. 106.—ED.]

[648] Cf. _Voyage aux régions équinoxiales du nouveau continent fait en 1799, 1800, 1801, 1802, 1803, et 1804, par Alexandre de Humboldt et A. Bonpland, rédigé par Alexandre de Humboldt, avec un atlas géographique et physique_ (8 vols.), Paris, 1816-1832. Translated into English by Helen Maria Williams, and published as _Personal Narrative of Travels to the Equinoctial Regions_, etc. (7 vols.), London, 1818-1829. There is another translation, with the same title, by Thomassina Ross (7 vols.), London, 1818-1829, of which a three-volume edition was brought out in 1852.

[649] _Examen critique de l’histoire de la géographie du nouveau continent_, etc., par A. de Humboldt, Paris, 1836-1839. This was first published in _Voyage de Humboldt et Bonpland_. Cf. _Bibliography of Humboldt_, vol. iii.

[650] (1) With Columbus—September, 1493 to June, 1496. (2) With Ojeda—May, 1499 to June, 1500. (3) With Bastidas—October, 1500 to September, 1502. (4) In command—1504 to 1506. (5) In command—1507 to 1508. (6) With Ojeda—1509. Cf. Humboldt, _Examen critique_, v. 163; also Navarrete, _Biblioteca marítima española_, ii. 208.

[651] [See further on the La Cosa map, Vol. III. of the present _History_, p. 8, and the present volume, p. 106, where fac-similes and sketches are given.—ED.]

[652] Answers to the sixth question (_Coleccion_, iii. 545), reviewed by the editor on pp. 591 and 592 of the same volume.

[653] _Documentos inéditos_, ii. 362. It was partially translated in Bancroft, _Central America_, i. 186, _note_.

[654] Navarrete, _Coleccion_, ii. 416.

[655] _Documentos inéditos_, xxxi. 230.

[656] _Título_ (1502, April 3), _Documentos inéditos_, xxxi. 129.

[657] _Documentos inéditos_, ii. 366.

[658] Ibid., xxxvii. 459.

[659] Oviedo, i. 76, and ii. 334; Las Casas, iii. 10. Something may also be found in Herrera, dec. i. lib. 4, chap. xiv., and in Navarrete, _Coleccion_, iii. 25; Quintana, _Obras completas_ in _Biblioteca de autores Españoles_, xix. 281; Humboldt, _Examen critique_, i. 360, iv. 224; Helps, i. 281; and Irving, _Companions_, p. 43-45.

[660] Vol. i. pp. 114, 183-194.

[661] Cf. _Early American Chroniclers_, p. 44.

[662] _Chroniclers_, p. 44.

[663] [There is a further estimate in another part of the present work.—ED.]

[664] _Coleccion_, pp. 28, 168, 591; see also Humboldt, _Examen critique_, i. 360, and iv. 226; and Irving, _Companions_, pp. 46-53.

[665] _Coleccion_, iii. 85.

[666] Ibid., iii. 89.

[667] Ibid., iii. 91.

[668] Ibid., iii. 103, 105-107.

[669] Ibid., ii. 420-436.

[670] _Tierra de riego_, Navarrete, _Coleccion_, iii. 32.

[671] Navarrete, iii. 32, _note_ 3. In this note he mentions Enciso’s _Suma de geografía_ as an authority.

[672] _Central America_, i. 339, _note_.

[673] Navarrete, _Biblioteca marítima española_, ii. 432; but see also Bancroft, _Central America_, i. 192, _note_.

[674] Irving, _Companions_, pp. 126-129. See _Memorial que dió el bachiller Enciso de lo ejecutado por el en defensa de los Reales derechos en la materia de los indios, in Documentos inéditos_, i. 441. This document contains, pp. 442-444, the celebrated _requerimiento_ which Pedrárias was ordered to read to the natives before he seized their lands. A translation is in Bancroft, _Central America_, i. 397, _note_. It may also be found in Oviedo, iii. 28. Bancroft in the above note also indicates the depositary of the _requerimiento_ drawn up for the use of Ojeda and Nicuesa. With regard to this Cenú expedition, see also Enciso, _Suma de geografía_, p. 56.

[675] Cited in this chapter as _Documentos inéditos_. [See further on this collection in the Introduction to the present volume.—ED.]

[676] Navarrete, _Coleccion_, iii. 109; and see also _Biblioteca marítima española_, ii. 210, 211.

[677] _Documentos inéditos_, xxxi. 220.

[678] Navarrete, _Coleccion_, iii. 161.

[679] _Documentos inéditos_, xxxi. 360.

[680] Ibid., xxxi. 250.

[681] _Coleccion_, iii. 169.

[682] _Coleccion_, iii. 162.

[683] Navarrete, _Coleccion_, iii. 46; Humboldt, _Examen critique_, iv. 228; Herrera, dec. i. lib. 6, chap. xvii. But this discovery is denied by Harrisse.

[684] “Collector of penalties.” Cf. Bancroft, _Central America_, i. 473.

[685] [The bibliographical history of Oviedo’s writings is given in the note following the chapter on Las Casas. Harrisse, who gives a chapter on Oviedo in his _Christophe Colomb_, p. 97, points out how rarely he refers to original documents.—ED.]

[686] _Real cédula por la cual, con referencia á lo capitulado con Diego de Nicuesa y Alonso de Hojeda, y al nombramiento de ámbos por cuatro años para gobernadores de Veragua el primero y de Urabá et segundo, debiendo ser Teniente suyo Juan de la Cosa, se ratifica el nombramiento á Hojeda_ (June 9, 1508), Navarrete, _Coleccion_,