Part 18

=Old Quebec Street= commemorates the capture of Quebec by General Wolfe in 1759, about which period this street was first built upon. =Seymour Place= and =Upper Seymour Street= were designated after the Seymours, from whom the Portmans are descended. =Montague Street= and =Montague Square= were so called in compliment to Mrs. Montague of Blue Stocking fame, who, on becoming a widow, took up her residence in Portman Square close by. =Orchard Street= was designated in allusion to Orchard-Portman, one of the seats of the Portmans, in Somersetshire. =Portman Square=, =Portman Street=, =Berkeley Place=, =Upper Berkeley Street=, =Lower Berkeley Street=, =Bryanstone Square=, =Bryanstone Street=, =Wyndham Place=, =Wyndham Street=, =Blandford Square=, =Blandford Street=, =Dorset Square=, and =Dorset Street=, all have reference to the titles and estate of the sole landlord of this neighbourhood, viz., Edward Berkeley Portman, Viscount Portman of Bryanstone, near Blandford, Dorsetshire, many years M.P. for Dorset, and some time M.P. for Marylebone. =Baker Street= received its name in compliment to Sir Edward Baker of Ranston, a valued neighbour of the Portmans in Dorsetshire. =Harewood Square= and =Harewood Street= mark the position of the town mansion of the Earls of Harewood. =Lisson Grove= stands on part of the land formerly known as _Lideston Green_, really a corruption of _Ossulton Green_. _Ossulton_ is the name of a Hundred mentioned in Domesday Book, and preserved in =Ossulton Square=, close at hand, and also in =Ossulton Street=, Euston Road.

=Regent’s Park= was named in honour of the Prince Regent, for whom it was originally intended to build a palace on the ground now utilized as the Botanic Gardens. =Albany Street= and =Osnaburgh Street= perpetuate the memory of Frederick, second son of George III., nominally styled Prince-Bishop of Osnaburgh in Hanover, and created Duke of York and Albany, and Earl of Ulster. =Cumberland Market=, whither the hay-market was removed from what still bears the description of the Haymarket in 1831, received its name in honour of Ernest Augustus, Duke of Cumberland, one of the sons of George III., who subsequently became King of Hanover. =Munster Square= was so called in compliment to the eldest son of William IV., created Earl of Munster. =Park Street= is the direct approach from High Street, Camden Town, to the Regent’s Park. =Brecknock Road=, =Brecknock Crescent=, =Bayham Street=, =Pratt Street=, =Jeffreys Street=, =Henry Street=, =Charles Street=, =Frederick Street=, =Edward Street=, =William Street=, and =Robert Street=, repeat the titles, family and Christian names occurring in the family of the Earl of Brecknock, Marquis of Camden, the owner of the estate, who died in 1840. =Great College Street=, =College Place=, and =College Street=, are situated within a stone’s throw of the Royal Veterinary College. =Oakley Square= owes its title to Oakley House, near Bedford; and =Ampthill Square= to Ampthill Park, in Bedfordshire, the names of two seats of the Bedfords; while =Harrington Square= was denominated after the Earl of Harrington, one of whose daughters became the wife of the seventh Duke of Bedford. =Mornington Crescent= and =Mornington Place= were named in honour of the Earl of Mornington, Governor-General of India, the brother of the Duke of Wellington; and =Granby Street= after John Manners, the popular Marquis of Granby. =Eden Street= covers the site of the old “Adam and Eve” Tea Gardens. =Skinner Street=, Somers Town, was built, and is still owned by, the Skinners’ Company.

=Pancras Road= received its name from the parish church of St. Pancras. =Battle Bridge Road= marks the spot where the Romans defeated the Iceni, under Queen Boadicea, in the year 61. =York Road= owes its designation to the fact that the Great Northern Railway was originally styled “The London and York Railway.” =Caledonian Road=, which extends northwards to =Caledonian Market=, was so called after the Royal Caledonian Asylum, founded for Scottish orphans in 1831. =Liverpool Street= and =Sidmouth Street= recall the names of two popular Lords of the Ministry, at the accession of George IV. =Burton Crescent= memorializes its builder. =Judd Street= comprises the property bequeathed by Sir Andrew Judd, Lord Mayor in 1551, to the endowment of a school at Tunbridge, Kent, his native place. =Great Coram Street= affords us a pleasant reminder that the Foundling Hospital owes its existence to the benevolence of Captain Thomas Coram in the year 1739. =Lamb’s Conduit Street= preserves the name of William Lamb, a clothworker to whose enterprise “a faire conduit and standard,” constructed in 1577, was due. =Harpur Street= received its title in honour of Sir William Harpur, Lord Mayor in 1562, whose property hereabouts, together with that now known as =Bedford Row=, High Holborn, was devoted at his death to the foundation of a school and other charitable purposes at Bedford, his native place.

=Southampton Row= and =Southampton Street=, =Great Russell Street=, =Russell Square=, =Bedford Square=, =Tavistock Square=, and =Tavistock Place=, were named after Thomas Wriothlesley, Earl of Southampton, Marquis of Tavistock, and Duke of Bedford, father of Rachel, who became the wife of Lord William Russell, the patriot, already alluded to in connection with Southampton Street, Strand. =Gordon Square= perpetuates the memory of Lady Georgina Gordon, daughter of Alexander, fourth Duke of Gordon, and wife of John, sixth Duke of Bedford, who had had for his first wife a daughter of the noble house of Torrington, memorialized by =Torrington Square=. =Montague Street= and =Montague Place= occupy two sides of the site of Old Montague House, the nucleus of the British Museum. =Brunswick Square= and =Mecklenburgh Square= were built and designated at the time when it was considered the correct thing to honour the Hanoverian succession in every possible way. =Thurlow Place= was named in compliment to Lord Chancellor Thurlow, whose house was situated in =Great Ormond Street=, so called after the British general and duke of that title. =Powis Place= covers the ground formerly occupied by Powis House, the town mansion of William Herbert, Marquis of Powis, whose father was outlawed by James I. =Bloomsbury Square= is properly “Lomesbury Square,” marking the site of the manor-house described in olden times as “Lomesbury Village.” =Hart Street= received its name from “The White Hart” Inn; and =Red Lion Square= and =Red Lion Street=, from “The Red Lion,” both hostelries of some importance in the coaching days. =Queen’s Square= was designated in honour of Queen Anne, in whose reign it was laid out. =Kingsgate Street= was so styled because the King used it on his way to Newmarket; while =Theobalds Road= led to Theobalds, in Herefordshire, the favourite hunting seat of James I.

=Coldbath Square=, Clerkenwell, marks the situation of the celebrated Cold Bath, fed by a spring discovered by Mr. Baynes in 1697. The surrounding district before it was built over formerly bore the name of =Coldbath Fields=. =Vinegar Yard= is a corruption of the vineyard anciently belonging to the Priory of the Knights of St. John. =Ray Street= preserves the memory of Miss Ray, the mistress of Lord Sandwich, shot by her lover Hackman. =Rosoman Street= was designated after the enterprising Mr. Rosoman, who converted Sadler’s Musick House into a theatre in 1765. =Aylesbury Street= in olden times skirted the wall of the garden attached to the town mansion of the Earls of Aylesbury. =Berkeley Street= derived its name from Berkeley House, the residence of Sir Maurice Berkeley, standard-bearer to Henry VIII., Edward VI., and Elizabeth. =Albemarle Street= was built during the period that witnessed the popularity of General Monk, Duke of Albemarle. In bygone times the whole of Clerkenwell received the opprobrious title of =Hockley-in-the-Hole=, the name of a place in Bedfordshire noted far and wide for its impassable and sloughy character. =Hockley= is an Anglo-Saxon term, denoting a muddy field. =Myddleton Square= and =Myddleton Street= perpetuate the memory of Sir Hugh Myddleton, the founder of the New River Waterworks, opened September 16, 1613. =Pentonville Road= owes its title to the _ville_, or rural mansion, occupied by Henry Penton, Esq., Lord of the Admiralty and M.P. for Winchester, on the spot where =Penton Street= now stands. Mr. Penton died in 1812. =St. John Street Road= took its name from the Priory of the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem, of which =St. John’s Gate= is an interesting relic. =Windmill Street= marks the site of three large windmills erected in Finsbury Fields, on the mound formed by a thousand cartloads of human bones deposited there from the Charnel House, St. Paul’s, by order of the Lord Protector Somerset, in 1549. =City Road= was the regular highway from the City to the “Angel” at Islington, and thence to the north of England, _viâ_ Highbury and Highgate. =Shepherdess Walk= was originally a pleasant path leading through the open fields direct from Finsbury to St. Mary’s parish church, Islington. =Golden Lane=, St. Luke’s, received its name from the number of goldsmiths who formerly made this neighbourhood their residence. In =Curtain Road=, Shoreditch, stood the Curtain Theatre, opened in 1571, so called because it was the first playhouse to make use of a drop-curtain. Ben Jonson’s “Every Man in his Humour” was produced here in 1596. By =Norton Folgate= is meant “the northern Falgate,” the latter word being the old English description of a four-barred gate. THE FALGATE is a common inn sign in the rural districts. =Holywell Lane=, near Shoreditch Church, was so called on account of a miraculous well discovered here in ancient times. In =Nichols Square=, Haggerstone, lived John Nichols, the antiquary; and in =Sutton Place=, Hackney, Thomas Sutton, the founder of the Charterhouse. =Queen Elizabeth’s Walk=, Stoke Newington, marks the position of a house and grounds occupied by the Earl of Leicester, and often visited by Her Majesty. =Fleetwood Road= covers the site of Fleetwood House, the residence of Charles Fleetwood, the Parliamentary general, and Deputy-Governor of Ireland.

=Seven Sisters’ Road=, Holloway, received its name from seven trees, said to have been planted by seven sisters, near Tottenham, six of which grew erect; but the seventh presented a deformed appearance, because the sister who had planted it was a cripple. =Archway Road=, Highgate, is spanned by the wonderful high arch completed in 1813. =Flask Walk=, Hampstead, derived its name from “The Flask,” a picturesque old inn close by. =Judges’ Walk=, known also as =King’s Bench Avenue=, was originally so called from a colony of judges and gownsmen of the City, who sought refuge here in tents during the Great Plague in 1665. =Fleet Road=, Haverstock Hill, affords us a pleasing remembrance of that little river, the Fleet, meandering through the fields in this neighbourhood, and eventually behind the older houses, on its way towards Battle Bridge, the City, and the Thames. =Dale Road= preserves the memory of Canon Dale, poet, and vicar of St. Pancras. =Barrow Road= and =Barrow Hill Place= commemorate the site of a battle between the Britons and Romans, and the sepulchre of the slain. The spot was formerly defined by a farmhouse that stood upon the actual barrow known as “Barrow Hill.” =Abbey Road=, St. John’s Wood, points to the existence of the ancient Abbey of the Holy Virgins of St. John the Baptist (_see_ ST. JOHN’S WOOD). =Desborough Place=, Harrow Road, received its name from Desborough House, the site of which it adjoins, and where lived John Dessborough (or Desbrowe), the brother-in-law of Oliver Cromwell. =Church Street=, Paddington, was so called from the parish church of St. Mary, situated on the open space still known as =Paddington Green=. =Nottingham Place= was designated after the county in which the chief landed estates of the Duke of Portland are situated; and =Weymouth Street=, in compliment to Lord Weymouth, son-in-law of the same nobleman. =Paddington Street= was formerly a narrow lane leading northwards into Paddington Fields.

=Craven Hill Gardens= and =Craven Road=, Bayswater, occupy the site of the mansion and grounds of the Lords Craven previous to the year 1700, when they migrated to Craven House, Drury Lane. =Southwick Crescent= and =Southwick Place= received their names from Southwick Park, the seat of the Thistlewayte family, formerly the joint lessees of Paddington Manor. =Orme Square= perpetuates the memory of Mr. Orme, a print-seller, of Bond Street, who bought the ground and commenced the building of the Square in question. =Ladbroke Grove= and =Ladbroke Square= likewise bear the name of the Ladbroke family, who built upon the land leased to them for the purpose. =Norland Square=, Notting Hill, covers the site of Norland House, a small, wooded estate, owned by one of the Drummonds, the bankers, of Charing Cross, in the reign of William IV. =Kensington Gore= took its name from Gore House, the residence of the Countess of Blessington, long the central literary and social attraction in the Metropolis. In =Ennismore Place=, the second title of the Earl of Listowel, the ground landlord, is repeated. On part of the site of =Cromwell Road= stood the house and grounds owned by Richard Cromwell, the son of Oliver Cromwell. =Gloucester Road= derived its title from Oxford Lodge, the residence of the late Duchess of Gloucester, in the immediate vicinity. =Campden Hill= defines the estate belonging to Campden House, still standing in =Campden Square=, and originally occupied by Sir Baptist Hicks, who built =Hicks’ Hall=, Clerkenwell, in 1612, afterwards created Viscount Campden. =Warwick Road=, =Warwick Gardens=, =Holland Road=, and =Earl’s Court Road= are spacious modern thoroughfares, designated after the Earls of Warwick, the original owners of the estate known as =Earl’s Court=, now in the possession of the Holland family. =Addison Road= reminds us that Joseph Addison, the poet, essayist, and dramatist, married the Dowager Countess of Warwick, and died in Holland House.

=Cromwell Place=, Putney, stands upon the site of Mr. Champion’s house, the lodging of General Ireton, Oliver Cromwell’s son-in-law, in 1646. =King’s Road=, Chelsea, was named in honour of Charles II., who caused it to be made passable, chiefly for the benefit of the frequenters of “The World’s End,” then a popular house of entertainment. =Cheyne Row= and =Cheyne Walk= perpetuate the memory of Lord Cheyne, who held the Manor of Chelsea in the seventeenth century. =Justice Walk= formerly contained the residence of a magistrate. =Marlborough Square= and =Marlborough Road= derived their names from a neighbouring tavern displaying the sign of “The Duke of Marlborough”; and =Keppel Street=, from “The Admiral Keppel,” situated at the corner of Fulham Road. =Cadogan Street= and =Cadogan Square= remind us that the manor of Chelsea came into the possession of the first Earl of Cadogan by right of his marriage with the heiress of Sir Hans Sloane, after whom =Sloane Square=, =Sloane Street=, and =Hans Place= were named. =Danvers Street= was so called after Sir John Danvers, who introduced the Italian style of horticulture into England during the reign of Elizabeth. The street covers the site of Danvers House in which he lived.

=Grosvenor Place= and =Grosvenor Street= received their names from Sir Thomas Grosvenor, the ancestor of the Duke of Westminster, the ground landlord of the district collectively known as Belgravia; =Eccleston Street= and =Eccleston Square= from Eccleston, in Cheshire, the county in which the landed property of the Grosvenors chiefly lies; and =Belgrave Square= and =Belgrave Street= from the Viscountcy of Belgravia, the second title of the Duke of Westminster before he was raised to his superior titles. =Ebury Street= and =Ebury Square= mark the site of Ebury or Eabury Farm, an ancient manor inherited by Miss Mary Davies, already referred to when speaking of Davies Street, Oxford Street, and carried into the family of the Grosvenors by her marriage. =Chester Square= reproduces the name of the city near which Eaton Hall, which gives its title to =Eaton Square=, the principal seat of the Duke of Westminster, is situated. =Lupus Street= perpetuates a favourite Christian name in the Grosvenor family, retained in honour of Henry Lupus, created Earl of Chester soon after the Conquest. =St. George’s Square= was designated after the adjacent church dedicated to St. George. =Lowndes Street=, =Lowndes Square=, and =Chesham Street=, Pimlico, are indebted for their title to Lowndes of the Bury, near Chesham, Buckinghamshire, the ground landlord, a descendant of William Lowndes, secretary to the Treasury during the reign of Queen Anne.

=Vauxhall Bridge Road= forms a connecting link between Vauxhall Bridge and =Victoria Street=, a gloomy modern thoroughfare named in honour of our present sovereign. =Birdcage Walk= comprised the place where the aviary of Charles II. was permanently located, under the superintendence of Master Edward Storey, the royal keeper, whose house covered the spot now styled =Storey’s Gate= in his memory. =Queen Anne’s Gate= derived its name from =Queen Anne’s Square=, in whose reign this characteristic enclosure was built. =York Street= was designated in honour of Frederick, Duke of York, son of George III., who lived in it for a short time. =Delahay Street= compliments a family of this name long resident in St. Margaret’s parish. =Rochester Row= was denominated after the Bishopric of Rochester, anciently combined with the Deanery of Westminster, but separated in the reign of George III. =New Bridge Street= leads to the handsome bridge over the Thames, opened May 24, 1862. =Cannon Row= is properly “Canon Row,” formerly the residence of the Canons of St. Stephen’s Chapel. =King Street= received its title because it was the direct road between the Court and the Abbey. =Princes Street=, a modern thoroughfare, occupying the site of Old Westminster Mews, was so called on account of its proximity to King Street. =Parker Street= perpetuates the memory of Archbishop Parker, one of the principal benefactors of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge. This street was formerly known as Bennet Street, the old name of the College. =Great George Street= covers the ground originally occupied by the stable-yard of “The George and the Dragon,” a well-known coaching house in bygone days. The name of =Broad Sanctuary=, Westminster, reminds us of the protection which in olden times was afforded to criminals of all degrees so long as they remained beneath the shadow of a monastery or cathedral. =Abingdon Street= contained the mansion of the Earls of Abingdon. =Holywell Street= owes its title to the name of an estate of the Grosvenors in Flintshire, whose town residence was displaced by the formation of this street. =Barton Street= and =Cowley Street= were both built by Barton Booth, the actor; to the former he gave his Christian name, to the latter the name of his favourite poet. =Marsham Street=, =Earl Street=, and =Romney Street= comprise the property of Charles Marsham, Earl of Romney; while =Old Pye Street= and =New Pye Street= commemorate the existence of Sir Robert Pye, who lived in the more modern portion of this neighbourhood known as =The New Way=. =Great Peter Street= recalls the fact that the Abbey of Westminster was dedicated to St. Peter. =Vine Street= marks the situation of the vineyard, and =Orchard Street= the orchard, anciently possessed by the Abbots. =Tothill Street= received its name from =Tothill Fields=, comprising the old manor of Tothill, a corruption of Toothill, or beacon hill; _toot_ being derived from the Welsh _twt_, a rising. =Horseferry Road= needs no comment. =Millbank= derived its name from an old mansion belonging to the Grosvenor family, that stood on the site of an old mill which alone graced this portion of the Thames bank.

On the site of =Carlisle Lane=, Lambeth, stood Carlisle House, the residence of the Bishops of Rochester from the thirteenth century downwards. =Marlborough Road=, Peckham, covers the ground plot of a Marlborough House, the residence of John Churchill, Duke of Marlborough. =Hanover Street= was named in compliment to the accession of George I. =Basing Yard=, at the rear of Hanover Street, occupies the site of Basing House, well known during the Restoration. =Rye Lane= leads to the Rye, or Common. =Friern Place= and =Friern Road= define the locality of Friern Manor; while =Lordship Lane= owes its designation to the lordship of the manor. =Effra Road=, Camberwell, marks the course of the little river Effra, now hidden, like the Fleet, from public view. =Newington Butts= denotes the archery grounds, formerly situated in the new town in the meadow. =Holland Street=, Southwark, preserves the name, at least in part, of an old manor, described as “Holland’s Leaguer.” =Great Suffolk Street= recalls the existence of Suffolk House, the residence of George Brandon, Duke of Suffolk; =Winchester Yard=, of Winchester House, the habitation of the Bishops of Winchester; and =Sumner Street=, of Dr. Sumner, Bishop of Winchester, one of the last occupants of the house just referred to. =Mill Lane= reminds us of an old windmill that stood here in less prosaic times; and =Mint Street=, of the Mint established by Henry VIII. in Suffolk House, when that property became demised to the Crown. =Stony Street= and =Stones End= received their names from the stony nature of the ground; the former having been the Roman continuation of Watling Street, south of the Thames, in a direct line to Dover. =Bear Garden=, situated at the corner of Sumner Street, marks the exact position of the old =Paris Garden=, a bear-baiting establishment, opened by Robert de Paris in the time of Richard I. =Bankside=, or the south strand of the Thames, is historically interesting on account of its theatrical associations.

=Old Kent Road=, which branches off at “The Bricklayers’ Arms” into =Great Dover Street= and =Kent Street=, forms the great Kentish highway into London. =Thomas Street= perpetuates the christian name of the philanthropic founder of Guy’s Hospital hard by. =Grange Road= and =Grange Walk= occupy the site of an old mansion known as “The Grange.” =Spa Road= derived its name from a spa, or mineral well, discovered here in the long, long ago. =Russell Street= preserves the memory of Richard Russell, who, dying here in 1784, left the whole of his estate to neighbouring charities. In =Tooley Street= lived the three tailors who, according to tradition, presented a petition to the House of Commons that began with the words, “We, the people of England, &c.” During the Commonwealth this street figured in documents as St. Tulie Street, but it is properly designated St. Olaff Street, after the neighbouring church dedicated to St. Olaff or Olave, the Scandinavian hero-prince. =Blue Anchor Road= and =Blue Anchor Lane= received their names from “The Blue Anchor,” an old tavern that stood in the latter thoroughfare; while =Jamaica Road= recalls a similar establishment, formerly situated on the site of =Cherry Gardens=, a popular place of resort in bygone times, known as “The Jamaica,” after the West Indian Island whence rum was shipped and disembarked on the exact spot where the penny steamboats now land and take up their passengers at =Cherry Gardens Pier=. Lastly, =Evelyn Street=, Deptford, was designated in honour of the present head of the Evelyn family, descendants of John Evelyn, the diarist, viz., William J. Evelyn, of Wotton, who built the adjacent Church of St. Luke, in the year 1872.

INDEX.

A.

Abbess, 101

Abbey, 100

Abbey Road, N.W., 293

Abbot, 101

Abigail, 229

Abingdon Street, S.W., 298

Abney House, 153

Abney Park, 153

Abraham Newlands, 255

Abyssinia, 36

Acre, 272

Acton, 157

Adamant, 244