Part 17

+------+--------------------------------------- | B. C.| Cadmus, from | 2000 | Music, with other arts and sciences, Phoenicia, and | | is introduced into Greece from Western Cecrops, from | | Asia and Egypt. Egypt, settle in | | Greece. | | Abraham (1900). | 1750 | The Jews have vocal music with Joseph (1750). | | instrumental accompaniment (Gen., Moses (1550). | | Chap. xxxi., v. 26, 27). | | The oracle of | 1500 | Hyagnis, in Greece, improves the Delphi. | | flute and invents the Phrygian Mode. | | Daedalus, Grecian | | Marsyas, a distinguished sculptor | | flute-player, invents a new species of and architect, | | flute made of metal. invents the sails | | of ships, &c. | | Linus ventures upon a musical | | contest with Apollo, and is killed | | by him. | | | | "Then sang Moses and the children | | of Israel." (Exod. xv.) The Argonauts, | 1300 | Orpheus, lyrist, singer, poet, and led by Jason, | | law-giver, composes hymns. sail to Colchis. | | Hercules. | | Amphion, lyrist, singer, and Theseus. | | composer, improves the Grecian lyre. Triptolemus introduces | | Musæus, lyrist, sets music to the agriculture | | words of the oracles. into | | Greece. | | Castor and Pollux, | | About this time the Greeks Grecian | | instituted most of their public games heroes. | | in which musical contests formed part. | | Tyrus, on the | 1250 | Olympus of Mysia, a celebrated coast of Phoenice, | | flutist. Daphnis of Sicily. To him is founded | | ascribed the invention of the by a colony of | | chalumeau, and of the bucolic poetry. Sidonians. | | Adrastus celebrates | | Thamiris, singer and player on the the first | | kithara, a species of lyre, is chosen Pythian Games | | by the Scythians for their King on in honour of | | account of his musical Apollo. | | accomplishments. | | Amazons, or | 1240 | Euneus, a distinguished singer and female warriors, | | kithara-player of Greece. His from the | | descendants remain during many Caucasus, invade | | generations the privileged Greece. | | kithara-players at the | | public festivities in Athens. | | Troy taken by | 1200 | Agias, a celebrated Greek musician the Greeks | | about the time of the destruction of (1184). | | Troy. | | Grecian heroes: | | The invention of the Dorian Mode is Menelaus, | | ascribed to Lamyras of Thracia; the Agamemnon, | | invention of the Lydian Mode, to Achilles, | | Carius; and the invention of the Ulysses. | | Ionian Mode, to Pythermus. | | Trojan heroes: | | Celmis, a priest of Creta, invents Priam, Hector, | | (or probably improves) several Paris, Æneas. | | instruments of percussion. | | Codrus, the last | 1100 | Ardalus, of Troezen, invents a new King of Athens | | species of flute for accompanying (1070). Abolition | | vocal music. of Royalty. | | King Saul. | | The Greeks about this time possessed Cheops, the | | various kinds of stringed instruments builder of the | | and wind instruments, and the names greatest Pyramid | | of several musicians are recorded who in Egypt. | | improved the instruments, or | | introduced innovations in the | | construction of the popular ones. | | | 1050 | David, King of Judah, musician and | | poet. Psalms. | | King Solomon | | King David institutes in Jerusalem a (1010-975). | | School for vocal and instrumental | | music (I. Chron., Chap. xv., v. 16). Dido builds the | 1000 | Bardus, a King of Gallia, is said to city of Carthage | | have introduced music into Western on the | | Europe, and to have been the first of north coast of | | the singers known as the Bards. Africa. | | Development of | 900 | Homer, singer and poet, born the Republics | | probably in Chios. Iliad and Odyssey. in Greece. | | Lycurgus reforms | 850 | Hesiodus, singer and poet, born in the Republic of | | Boeotia. Simmicus, inventor of an Lacedæmonia, | | instrument with thirty-five strings, and gives laws | | called Simmikon or Simmicium. to the Spartans. | | Thaletas, of Creta, musician and poet, | | composes in Sparta, under Lycurgus, | | the laws and war-songs for the voice. | | Phoecinus, of Greece, sketches the | | first musical rules. | | Rome founded by | 800 | Olympus, of Phrygia, flutist, Romulus (754). | | invents the Enharmonic scale. | | | 720 | Archilochus, of Paros, singer, poet, | | and instrumentalist. | | | | Important improvements in the music | | of the Greeks. | | | 700 | Tyrtæus, of Athens, poet, singer, | | and trumpeter, composes war-songs for | | Sparta against Messenia. | | | 650 | TERPANDER, of Lesbos, lyrist, | | flutist, and composer. Important | | progress in the music of the Greeks. | | Circumnavigation | 625 | Arion, of Lesbos, kithara-player, of the coast of | | singer and poet, invents the Africa under | | Dithyrambs, or hymns of Bacchus, and Necho, King | | improves the chorus-singing. He is of Egypt (615). | | recorded to have healed sick persons | | by means of music. The same is also | | recorded of Menias, a Greek musician, | | who lived about this time. | | Nebuchadnezzar, | 600 | Stesichorus, of Sicily, composes King of Babylon, | | choruses with instrumental carries the | | accompaniment, besides airs to his Jews into captivity. | | poems. | | | | Alcæus, of Mytilene, singer, lyrist, | | and poet. | | Solon, law-giver, | | Sappho, of Mytilene, female singer, in Athens. | | lyrist, and poetess. To her is | | ascribed the invention of a stringed | | instrument called Barbitos. | | The seven sages | 570 | The Romans, under the King Servius of Greece:--Solon, | | Tullius, introduce trumpets and horns Thales, | | of metal into their army. Periander, | | Cleobulus, | | Pittacus, Bias, | | Chilo. | | Cyrus conquers | 550 | About this time was performed in Lydia and dethrones | | Athens, under Thespis, the first Croesus. | | tragedy with choruses set to music. | | Confucius, Chinese | | philosopher. | | | | Zoroaster in | | Persia. | | | | Tarquinius Superbus, | 530 | PYTHAGORAS, of Samos, the | | philosopher, studies music in Egypt, last King of | | founds in Greece a great School of Rome, is expelled. | | music based upon mathematical | | principles; invents the monochord for Rome becomes a | | measuring the sound; ascertains the Republic (510). | | harmonious Triad, the diatonic | | intervals, etc. Cambyses conquers | | Egypt (509). | | | 500 | Lasus, of Achaia, writes treatises | | on the theory of music. | | Battle of Marathon, | | Æschylus, born at Athens about in which the Greeks, | | 525, singer and writer of Tragedies. commanded by | | Miltiades, defeat | | Simonides, of Ceos, born in 557, the Persians (490). | | died 468, lyrist and poet. | | | | Pindar, born at Thebes, in Boeotia, Xerxes invades | | about the year 520, flutist, lyrist, Greece (487). | | poet, and composer. Many hymns, odes, | | etc. | | Battle of Salamis | | Corinna, of Tanagra, in Boeotia, in which | | female singer and poetess. Several Themistocles | | times gains the victory in contest defeats the | | with Pindar at the public games at Persians (480). | | Thebes. | | Leonidas. | | Anacreon, of Teos, lyric poet and | | musician. To him is attributed the Themistocles | | invention of several stringed banished from | | instruments. Athens (471). | | | | Cimon defeats | | The Greeks had about this time the Persians | | several accomplished players on the (466). | | kithara, flute, and other instruments, | | who introduced new and brilliant | | passages and embellishments into their | | performances. | | Pericles, Greek | 450 | The highest degree of perfection of General and | | the dramatic art in Greece through orator. | | Æschylus, Sophocles, Euripides, and Herodotus, historian. | | through the musical composer Damon, | | the singer Agathon, etc., at Athens. | | Phidias, sculptor. | | Democritus, of Abdera, philosopher, Hippocrates, | | writes seven books on music. physician. | | Commencement | 430 | Lysander, of Sycion, invents a more of the Peloponnesian | | artistic instrumental accompaniment to war | | vocal music. between the | | Athenians and | | Spartans which | | Alexandrides extends the compass of lasts twenty-seven | | the Greek wind instruments. years | | (431). | | | | Socrates (469-399). | 400 | Timotheus, of Miletus, Asia Minor Alcibiades. | | singer, kithara-player and poet, | | composes many works, and improves the | | lyre. | | Brennus, Chief of | | Plato, philosopher, in his works the Gauls, | | treats also on music. burns & sacks | | Rome (390). | | Demosthenes | 360 | About this time, the first dramatic (384-322). | | performances with music in Rome. | | Diogenes (350). | 350 | Aristoteles, of Stagira, born in Alexander, the | | 384, philosopher and musician. In his Great, son of | | works much about music. Philip of Macedonia | | (333). | | Ptolemy I., King | 310 | ARISTOXENUS, of Tarentum, born in of Egypt, encourages | | 340, philosopher and musician, founds the | | a new School of music which is in cultivation of | | opposition to the teaching of sciences and | | Pythagoras, generally accepted until arts in his kingdom, | | that time. He writes many treatises & founds | | on music. Division of the musicians a library in | | into Musici, or the followers of Alexandria. | | Aristoxenus, who derive the rules of | | music from its effect upon the | | ear,--and Canonici, or the followers | | of Pythagoras, who derive them from | | mathematical laws. | | Pyrrhus, King of | 300 | About this period the Greeks made Epirus, is defeated | | many improvements in the construction by the | | of their musical instruments. Romans (275). | | | | Euclides, of Alexandria, born in | | 323, died 283, mathematician, writes | | on the theory of music and acoustics. | | The first Punic | 250 | Archimedes, of Syracuse, born in war (264-241). | | 287, died 212, mathematician, is said The second Punic | | to have invented the hydraulic organ. war (218-202). | | | | Scipio defeats | | Ctesibius, of Alexandria, improves Hannibal in | | the pneumatic organ and alters it into Africa (202). | | a hydraulic organ. His son Hero still | | further perfects the instrument and | | describes it. | | The first Macedonian | 200 | Aristeas, of Greece, a war (200). | | kithara-player, writes a treatise | | on kithara-playing. The first library | | at Rome (167). | | | | Corinth and Carthage | 150 | Polybius, of Megalopolis in Arcadia, destroyed | | born about the year 204, historian, by the Romans | | writes a treatise on the influence of (146). Greece | | music upon civilization. and North | | Africa become | | Roman provinces. | | | | Civil war in Rome | 100 | Alypius, of Alexandria, writes on (88). | | musical notation by means of the | | letters of the Greek alphabet. The Romans | | under Julius | | Cæsar invade | | Britain (55). | | | | Julius Cæsar | 50 | Hermogenes (Marcus Tigellius), assassinated in | | singer and instrumentalist of Greece, the Senate-house | | settles in Rome. (44). | | | | Cicero killed (43). | | | | Virgilius. | | | | Antonius and | | Cleopatra defeated | | (31). | | Augustus, Roman | 30 | Diodorus Siculus, of Agyrium in Emperor (30). | | Sicily, historian, gives some account | | of the oldest music of the Egyptians Horace. | | and Greeks. | | Mæcenas. | | | | Titus Livius, | 10 | Vitruvius (Pollio M.), born in historian. | | Italy, architect, writes on musical | | subjects. Ovidius, poet. | | | A. D.| Hermann in Germany | 1 | Gradual decay of the Greek Music. defeats | | Varus (9). | | The Romans | | The first Christian hymns (St. under the Emperor | | Matthew, chap. XXVI., v. 30; St. Claudius | | Mark, chap. XIV., v. 26; I Corinth., invade England | | chap. XIV., v. 15; Ephes., chap. V., (40). | | v. 19; Coloss., chap. III., v. 16; St. London founded | | James, chap. V., v. 13, etc.). by the Romans | | (49). | | | 50 | Pliny the Elder, born at Verona in | | the year 27, died in 79. Several books | | on music. | | Destruction of | 60 | Nero, Roman Emperor from A.D. 54 Jerusalem by | | to 68, musician, singer, flutist, Titus (70). | | lyrist. He sings and plays in public, Herculaneum | | and is said to have maintained 5000 and Pompeii | | musicians in his pay. destroyed by | | an eruption of | | Vesuvius (79). | | Tacitus, historian. | 80 | Plutarchus, born at Chaeronea in Juvenal, poet. | | Boeotia, about the year 40, biographer Martialis, poet. | | and philosopher. Several musical Pliny the | | essays. Younger. | | Trajan, Roman | | Emperor (98). | | | 100 | Ptolemaeus (Claudius) born at | | Pelusium in Egypt, about the year 70, Introduction of | | mathematician, geographer, astronomer, Christianity into | | and musician. In his writings Ireland by St. | | he endeavours to reconcile the musical Patrick (110). | | theories of Pythagoras and | | Aristoxenus. He reduces the fifteen | | Modes of the Greeks to seven. Fingal (Ossian) in | 200 | Scotland (200). | | Persecutions of | | From about the year 150 to 200, the Christians | | above a dozen authors are known in during the third | | whose works some account is given of century. | | the music of the ancients. Artaxerxes, king | | of Persia, conquers | | the Parthians, & | | founds | | the dynasty of | | the Sassanidæ | | (226). | | Probus, Roman | 250 | The Fathers of the Church who give Emperor, | | the first account of the sacred songs causes the vine | | of the early Christians are to be planted | | Tertullian, Clemens of Alexandria, on the banks | | and Origen. Their writings date from of the Rhine | | the first half of the third century. and the Moselle | | The Christian communities had already (276). | | during the first century in their | | religious observances, which in the | | beginning were held secretly, hymns | | sung alternately by a single voice | | and a chorus in unison. The melodies | | of the hymns were probably similar | | to those of the Greeks. At all | | events, the Modes in which they | | were sung, and the notation by letters | | of the alphabet, had been derived from | | the Greeks. | | Constantine, Emperor, | 330 | Silvester I., Pope, institutes in is converted | | Rome the first school for Church-song. to Christianity, | | and | | transfers the | | seat of his empire | | from Rome | | to Byzantine, | | henceforth | | called Constantinople | | (330). | | | | Division of the | 350 | Damasus, Bishop of Rome, born at Roman Empire | | Madrid in the year 314, introduces in into Eastern | | Church the antiphonal singing of the and Western | | Psalms by two choirs, and regulates (364). | | the intoning of the Mass. | | Kingdoms formed | | St. Basilius (died 379) promotes by the Ostrogoths | | sacred song in the Eastern and Visigoths. | | (Greek-Christian) Church, and | | describes the Church-music of his The Huns migrate | | time. from | | Asia to Europe, | | and come in | | collision with | | the Goths | | (375). | | Theodosius the | 380 | ST. AMBROSE, Bishop of Milan, from Great, Emperor | | 374 to 397, born about 333 in Gallia, of the Eastern | | died in 398. Introduces the Ambrosian Empire | | Song of Praise (Te Deum laudamus), (379). | | composes several hymns, and promotes | | the singing of the Psalms, in | | opposition to the old Greek music. | | The Visigoths, or | 400 | St. Augustine, Bishop of Hippo, born Goths of the | | 354 at Tagasta, in Africa, died 430. West, under | | In his works, writes much about music, Alaric, invade | | and especially recommends Italy (400). | | Psalm-singing. | | Rome is sacked | | The Fathers of the Church, St. and burnt by | | Chrysostom, Cyprian, and Hieronymus, Alaric (410). | | with others, uphold the cultivation of | | Church-song, which is discouraged by | | many. | | The Anglo-Saxons | 420 | Macrobius writes on music according arrive | | to the system of Pythagoras. in Britain | | (449). | | The Anglo-Saxon | | Heptarchy in | | Britain (457). | 500 | Boethius, born 470 in Rome, died | | 526; writes several treatises on the | | music of the Ancients. | | Silkworms are | 550 | Cassiodorus (Magnus Aurelius) born introduced into | | 480, died 575; musical author. Europe from | | China (550). | | The Picts are | 590 | GREGORY THE GREAT, Pope, 590 to converted to | | 604, collects the Christian hymns, Christianity | | fixes the employment of them, improves (565). | | the Singing Schools, appoints | | Cantores, Precentors, etc. The The Visigoths, or | | Gregorian Church-song used in place of Goths of the | | the Ambrosian. West, conquer | | the greater | | part of Spain | 596 | ST. AUGUSTINE, first Bishop of (580). | | Canterbury, usually called the Apostle | | of the English, introduces into Foundation of the | | England with the Christian religion, Kingdom of | | the Church-song. Mercia by Crida | | (582). | | Mohammed, | | Church-music contributes much to founder of a | | the diffusion of Christianity in Religion (604). | | heathen countries. | | The Pope in | 600 | St. Isidore, Archbishop of Seville, Rome acknowledged | | in Spain, born at Carthagena about as the | | 570, died 636. Promotes the head of the | | improvement of Church-music, and Church (607). | | writes treatises on music. University of | | Cambridge | | founded (631). | | Conquests of the | 650 | Jacob (Deacon), Stephan Eddi, Putta, Arabs in Asia, | | Maban, and Acca (Bishop), were as far as Hindustan. | | distinguished church-singers in Jerusalem is | | England during the period from 620 taken by them | | to 700. (637). | | The Caliph Omar | | burns the Alexandrian | | library | | (640). | | Vitalianus, Pope, from 657 to 672, The Danes invade | 660 | introduces the hydraulic organ into England | | the Church for sounding the first (660). | | tone of the Chorale as a guide to | | the singers. He sends two The Britons are | | accomplished Roman singers to driven into | | Gallia (France) for the purpose Wales (685). | | of improving the Church-song in | | that country. | | Conquests of the | 676 | Johannes Damascenus, born at Arabs in North | | Damascus. Introduces in Church Africa (688). | | hymns, the melodies of which differ | | from the old Grecian. | | The Saracens in | 700 | BEDA VENERABILIS, born 673, died Spain (713). | | 735; an English Monk, to whom are Glass-painting & | | attributed two important treatises on Mosaic in Italy | | music. (750). | | Pepin, King of | | Benedict, an English Abbot, the Franks | | introduces chanting in choirs. (752-768). | | | | The Danes invade | 780 | Alcuinus, or Albinus, an English England | | Prelate, born 736, died 814; promotes (783). | | Church-music. Harun al-Raschid, | | Caliph of Bagdad. | | Flourishing | | state of the | | sciences with | | the Arabs (786). | | | 800 | Charlemagne, Emperor of Germany, | | introduces the Gregorian Church-song Division of the | | into all his dominions, and orders a Monarchy of | | collection to be made of the popular Charlemagne (843). | | secular songs. | | | | Church organs come gradually into | | use. | | Alfred the Great | 850 | Notker, a Benedictine Monk of St. defeats the | | Gallen, in Germany, composes sacred Danes in England | | songs called Sequentias Missales, (880). | | which are introduced in the churches. | | | 886 | Friar John of St. David's, the first | | Professor of Music at the University | | of Oxford, appointed by Alfred the | | Great. | | Foundation of the | 900 | HUCBALD, Monk of St. Amand, in University of | | Flanders, born about 840, died 932. Oxford by | | First attempt to accompany an air Alfred the | | with several voices in harmony. Great (900). | | Notation, consisting of the syllables | | of the words placed in different Foundation of | | positions between lines. The signs the Kingdom | | used for the words placed in different of Hungary by | | positions between lines. The signs the Magyars | | used for the purpose during the (about 900). | | three preceding centuries were University of | | called Numæ. Cambridge | | restored (915). | | Institution of | | Free-Masons | | in England | | (924). | | | | The Russians, | 950 | St. Dunstan, Archbishop of under Wladimir | | Canterbury, introduces organs into the Great, | | English churches. embrace Christianity | | (988). | | Poland becomes | 1030 | GUIDO OF AREZZO, a Benedictine a Kingdom | | Monk at Pomposa, born about 990 in (1000). | | Arezzo, died 1050. Improves the method | | of singing in use at his time, and the William of Normandy | | notation of Hucbald; designates the invades | | tones by the letters of the alphabet. England (1066). | | He is supposed to be the inventor of | | the Solmisation of the Hexachord, or The Moors in | | scale of six sounds, etc. Spain (1091). | | Peter the Hermit. | | The first | | Crusade (1095). | 1100 | NOTATION.--During the | | twelfth century originated our musical War between | | notation, the inventor of which is England and | | unknown. The first attempts in France (1113). | | Counterpoint led to the employment | | of notes of different value Frederick I., | | (Mensural and Figural Notes). called Barbarossa, | | However, these innovations did not in Germany | | come into general practical use until (1152). | | about the year 1200. The Sultan Saladin | | conquers | | Egypt (1187). | | Magna Charta, | 1200 | The most popular instruments of or the Charter | | the Middle Ages were the Psalterium, of English | | Harp, Rotta, Viol, Lute, Organistrum, Liberty (1215). | | Regals, Recorder, Sackbut, Shalm, etc. | | Distinguished | 1207 | Contest of the Minnesänger at the Troubadours and | | Wartburg, in Saxony. Minnesänger during | | the twelfth and | | The Minnesänger, who flourished in thirteenth | | Germany, especially during the twelfth centuries:-- | | and thirteenth centuries, were | | identical with the Troubadours, or Guillaume IX., Count | | singers of secular, amorous, and of Poitou; Blondel, | | martial ditties, which they with Richard Coeur | | accompanied with the harp, cither, de Lion; Sordello | | guitar, or some other instrument. of Mantua, Peyrols, | | The original home of the Troubadours Bertrand de Lorm, | | was Provence, in the South of France, Arnold of Maraviglia, | | where they originated about the Heinrich von Veldeck, | | beginning of the eighth century. Wather von der | | Subsequently, at the time of the Vogelweide, Reimar | | German Minnesänger, there were also der Aeltere, Reimar | | Troubadours in Italy, Spain and der Zweter, Ulrich | | England. Among them were many von Lichtenstein, | | noblemen, and even princes. Heinrich von | | Morungen, Wolfram von | | Eschenbach, Hartmann | | von der Aue, | | Gottfried von | | Strassburg, Conrad | | von Würzburg, | | Johann Hadlaub. | | | | The Kingdom | 1220 | FRANCO OF COLOGNE, the first of Granada | | known musical author who treats founded by the | | circumstantially on the new theory of Moors in Spain | | Harmony, and who, by expounding it (1238). | | systematically, greatly contributes to | | its diffusion. (Forkel, Fétis, and Foundation of | | some other musical historians, the University | | maintain that Franco of Cologne lived of Vienna | | during the second half of the eleventh (1237). | | century.) | | Cimabue, Giotto, | 1240 | Odington (Walter), an English monk, Italian painters | | writes on music in a manner similar to (1240). | | that of Franco of Cologne, in Germany. Termination of | | the Crusades | | (1248). | | Parliament of | 1260 | Hieronymus von Mæhren, in France, Great Britain. | | writes on the theory of music. First assembly | | of the Commons | 1280 | ADAM DE LA HALE, of Arras, in as a confirmed | | France, writes compositions in representation | | four-part harmony, dramatic pieces, (1265). | | with songs, etc. He lived in Provence. Venice and Genoa | | are powerful. | | Invention of Gunpowder | 1290 | Ægidius, of Zamora, a Spanish monk, (1292). | | writes on the invention of musical Italian poets and | | instruments. authors: Dante | | Alighieri (1265-1321);| | Petrarca | | (1304-1374); | | Boccaccio | | (1313-1375). | | Disunion in the | 1300 | Gradual diffusion of the theory of Church. Popes | | Harmony, especially through Marchetto in Avignon | | di Padua, about 1310, in Italy;--and (1378). | | through Jean de Muris, about 1325, in | | France. | | The Turks victorious | 1390 | Gerson (Johannes), a French monk, in Hungary | | born 1363, died 1429. Musical author. (1396). | | | | Commencement of the period in which | | appeared numerous sacred vocal | | compositions, viz: Masses, Motetts | | (English Anthems), Offertories, Hymns, | | Psalms, Madrigals, etc. The Madrigals | | were in the form of the Motett, | | but often had secular words. | | Instrumental music was still | | insignificant. | | Masaccio, Fiesole, | 1400 | DUFAY (GUILLAUME), born about Italian | | 1350 at Chimay, in Belgium, died 1432. painters (1400). | | The first Contrapuntist, properly Conquest of | | speaking. Purer harmony than France by | | previously. Application in the Henry V., King | | notation of the White notes, which had of England | | been already invented before his time. (1420). | | Many Church compositions. Charles VII., of | | France (1422-1461). | | | | Jeanne d'Arc | | Binchois (Egide), born in Picardy, burnt (1430). | | contributes to the improvement of England loses all | | harmony and of musical notation. her possessions | | Composes much vocal music. in France, except | | Calais | | (about 1440). | | Invention of | | Printing (1440). | | | | Constantinople | 1450 | Dunstable (John), born about 1400 taken by the | | in Scotland, died 1458. Improves the Turks (1453). | | harmony and the musical notation. | | Watches invented | 1470 | OCKEGHEM, or OCKENHEIM (Johann), at Nürnberg | | born about 1430 in Hainault, Belgium; (1477). | | died 1513. Founder of the newer Inquisition in | | Netherlandish School, improver of Spain (1480). | | harmony, and composer of Church music. | | Burgundy and | | Obrecht, or Hobrecht (Jacob), born Provence incorporated | | about 1430 in Holland. Many with France (1481). | | compositions for the Church. | | | | Bernhard, a German residing in The Medici govern | | Venice, is said to have invented the in Florence; | | organ pedal. flourishing | | growth of the | | arts & sciences | | (1402-1537). | | America discovered | 1490 | DÉPRÉS (Josquin des Prés), born by Columbus | | about 1450 in France, died about 1521. (1492). | | Pupil of Ockeghem. Many Masses and Macchiavelli, | | other compositions for the Church. historian (1469-1527).| | | | Tinctor (Jean), born about 1450 at Ludovico Ariosto, | | Nivelles, died about 1520. Founder of poet (1474-1533). | | a School in Italy. Many Church | | compositions. Leonardo da | | Vinci, painter | | Gafforio (Franchino), born 1451 at (1444-1519). | | Lodi, died 1522. Writer on the theory Tiziano Vecelli, | | of music, and promoter of new rules painter (1477-1576). | | of harmony. | | Rafael Sanzio, | | Adam von Fulda, born about 1450 in painter (1483-1520). | | Germany. Writes a treatise on the Correggio (1494-1534). | | newly-established theory of music, and Albrecht Dürer | | composes music for the Church. (1471-1528). | | | | Towards the end of the fifteenth | | century Chairs of Professorship for Newfoundland, | | music were instituted in different the first British | | towns of Italy, especially in Milan Colony in America, | | and Naples. discovered | | by Cabot | | (1497). | | Copernicus, astronomer | | In the beginning of the sixteenth (1473-1543). | | century the Netherlandish music Zwingli in Switzerland | 1500 | attains its highest reputation in (1519). | | Italy (at the time of the Popes Julius Gustav Wasa, | | II. and Leo X.), in Spain, France, and King of Sweden | | Germany. (1523). | | | | Petrucci (Ottaviano), of Fossombrone Henry VIII., King | 1502 | in Italy, invents the printing of (1509-1547). | | musical notation with movable types. | | The highest degree | 1520 | WILLAERT (HADRIAN), born about of perfection | | 1490, in Flanders, died 1563. Lived of the | | in Rome and Venice. Founder of the art of painting | | Venetian School. Composer of the first in Italy. | | Masses for six and seven different | | voices, of Masses for two and three | | choruses, etc. | | The Netherlandish | 1530 | Aaron (Pietro), born about 1480 in School of | | Florence. Contrapuntist, writer on the Painting, | | theory of music, and composer of founded by | | Church music. Johann van | | Eyk, about | | Luther (Martin), born 1483 at 1350:--Floris, | | Eisleben, in Germany, died 1546. Stradan, De | | Composes Chorales, and promotes Vos, Spranger, | | congregational singing. Peter & Franz | | Porbus, Steenvyk, | | Alterations in the old Church-songs Vanbort, | | for the Reformed Church. Introduction P. & J. Breughel, | | in German Churches of Chorales in the Rubens | | German language. (1577-1640). | | Snyders, Momper, | | Walther (Johann), born about 1490 David | | in Saxony, died about 1555. German Teniers, De | | Mass, many Chorales, etc. Crayer, Gerhard | | & Daniel | | Senfl (Ludwig), born about 1490, at Segers, Jordans, | | Basle in Switzerland, died about 1560. Rombouts, | | Masses, Motetts, Chorales, etc. Anton | | van Dyk (1598-1641). | | Agricola (Martin), born 1486 in | | Silesia, died 1556. Many vocal | | compositions, and a treatise on | | musical instruments. | | The Dutch School | | Luscinius (Ottomar), properly of Painting, | | Nachtigall, born 1487 at Strassburg, founded by Lucas | | died about 1540. Treatises on music of Leyden, | | and on the musical instruments of his born 1494:--Van | | time. Veen, | | Bloemart, Poelenburg, | | Glarean (Heinrich Lorit), born 1488 Wynants, | | in Switzerland, died 1563. Many Vertange, | | essays on the History and Theory of Hanesberge, | | Music. etc. | | | | Festa (Costanzo), born about 1490 | | at Rome. Many Motetts and other Roman School | | Church music. Regarded as the of Painting; | | precursor of Palestrina. pupils of Rafael:-- | | Giulio Romano, | 1540 | Berchem (Jacob), called Giachetto di Penni il Fattore, | | Mantua, born 1499 at Antwerp, died Bagnacavallo, Del | | about 1580. Many Masses, Motetts, Vaga, Caravaggio, | | etc. Gemigniani, | | Garofalo, | | Gombert (Nicolas), born about 1500 etc. | | in the Netherlands, died about 1570. | | Many Masses, Motetts, and other sacred Venetian School | | and secular compositions for four, of Painting; | | five, and six different voices. pupils of | | Titian:--Del | | Arcadelt (Jacques), born about 1500 Piombo, Palma | | in the Netherlands, died about 1570. Vecchio, Lotto, | | Teacher in Rome. Many Masses, Bordone, Pordenone, | | Motetts, Madrigals, etc. Schiavone, | | Bassano, | | Clement (Jacques), called Clemens Tintoretto, | | non Papa, born about 1500 in Flanders, Poalo Veronese. | | died 1566. Masses and other sacred | | compositions. Florentine School | | of Painting; | 1550 | Goudimel (Claude), born 1510 in pupils of Da | | Flanders, died about 1572. Many Vinci:--Luini, | | Psalms, Motetts, and other sacred Salaino, Melzo, | | compositions, and Fra Bartolomeo, | | also secular music. Much Del Sarto, | | progress in Harmony. Founder of a Peruzzi, Razzi, | | Music School in Rome. Michel-Angelo. | | | | The Order of | | Jesuits founded | | by Ignaz Loyola | | Morales (Christoforo), born about (1540). | | 1510 at Seville in Spain, lived in | | Rome. Many Masses, etc. The Turks conquer | | Tripoli | | (1551). | | Est (Michael), born about 1510 in | | England. Many Psalms and Madrigals. Death of Rabelais | | (1553). | | | | Tallis (Thomas), born 1520 in Philip II., King of | | England, died about 1585. Many sacred Spain (1556). | | compositions. | | Foundation of the | | Lossius (Lucas), born 1508 in University of | | Germany, died 1582. Many Chorales, a Jena (1558). | | treatise on music, etc. | | Holbein, painter | | (1494-1554). | | | | Calais is lost to | | England in the | | reign of Mary | | (1558). | | | | Queen Elizabeth | 1560 | Rore (Cyprian), called Vanrore, born (1558-1603). | | 1516 at Malines, died 1565. Pupil of | | Willaert, in Venice. Many sacred and English authors: | | secular vocal compositions. Spenser, poet | | (1553-1598). | | Waelrant (Hubert), born 1517 in the | | Netherlands, died 1595. Many Church Francis Bacon | | compositions. Improvement in the (1561-1626). | | Solmisation. | | Shakespeare | | LASSUS (ORLANDUS), properly Roland (1564-1616). | | de Latre, born 1520 at Mons, in | | Hainault, died 1594. A great number Marlow, Green, | | of Church compositions of every kind, Beaumont, Fletcher, | | of which 1572 are known. Massinger:-- | | Dramatic poets | | Kerle (Jacob), born about 1520 in and contemporaries | | Flanders. Many Masses, etc. of Shakespeare. | | | | Zarlino (Giuseppe), born 1519 at | | Venice, died about 1590. Many Church | | compositions. Great progress in Calvin in Geneva | | Harmony. Several treatises on the (1565). | | Theory of Music. | | Hans Sachs, | | PALESTRINA (GIOVANNI PIERLUIGI DI), Meistersänger | | born 1524 in Palestrina, died 1594. (1494-1576). | | Reform of the Italian Church music by | | means of purer harmony. Ennobling of Tycho Brahe, | | the rude Netherlandish style. Many Astronomer | | Masses, Hymns, Motetts, Litanies, (1546-1601). | | Offertories, etc.--Palestrina's | | celebrated Mass, known as Missa Papæ The Counts Egmont | | Marcelli, which was performed in Rome & Horn | | in the year 1565, had the effect of beheaded at | | altering the opinion of many of the Brussels (1568). | | ecclesiastics who at the Council of | | Trent, in 1562, advocated the | | banishment of all Figural music from | | the Church. | | The first Puritans | 1570 | Faber (Heinrich), born 1525 at and Presbyterians | | Brunswick, in Germany, died 1598. (1571). | | Church compositions, and a treatise on | | music. | | Massacre of St. | | Lejeune (Claude), born about 1540 Bartholomew | | in the Netherlands, died about 1600. (1572). | | Masses, Psalms, etc. | | | | Nanini (Giovanni Maria), born about First circumnavigation | | 1540 at Vallerano, in Italy, died of the | | 1607. Teacher of Counterpoint; many world, by Drake | | Motetts for eight different voices, (1577). | | and other Church compositions. | | North-America | 1580 | Morley (Thomas), born about 1540 English. | | in England, died 1604. Madrigals and | | other vocal compositions. Instruction Walter Raleigh | | book on music. (1584). | | | | OPERA.--About the year 1580, a Portugal is conquered | | number of professional musicians and by the | | amateurs associated in the house of Spaniards in | | Giovanni Bardi, Count of Vernio, at 1581, and remains | | Florence, with the object of reviving a Spanish | | in the drama the musical declamation Province until | | of the ancient Greeks. To this 1640. | | association belonged the composers | | Emilio del Cavalieri, Giacomo Peri, The Netherlands | | Giulio Caccini, and the poet Ottavio become independent | | Rinuccini. Their exertions resulted in (1581). | | the production of the first Lyric | | Opera, called 'Dafne,' the poetry of The Gregorian | | which was by Rinuccini, and which was Calendar introduced | | performed at Florence in the year into all | | 1594. Soon followed the first the Roman | | Tragic Opera, 'Euridice,' the poetry Catholic States | | of which being by Rinuccini, and of Europe | | the music by Peri and Caccini. The (1582). | | next Operas were 'Il Satiro' and 'La | | Disperazione di Filano,' both with Elizabeth, Queen | | music by Cavalieri. Meanwhile, Orazio of England, | | Vecchi attempted to compose a kind of causes Mary, | | Comic Opera, entitled 'L'Anfiparnasso, Queen of Scots, | | Commedia Armonica,' which was to be beheaded | | performed at Modena in the year 1594. at Fotheringay | | The songs of these operas partook of Castle (1587). | | the character of the recitative, and | | they were accompanied by a few Defeat of the | | instruments. Spanish Armada | | in the | | English Channel | | (1588). | | | | Janson, of Middlebourg,| 1590 | Gabrieli (Giovanni), born about 1550 invents | | at Venice, died 1612. Many Church spectacles | | compositions. and telescopes | | (1590). | | | | Marenzio (Luca), born about 1550 at | | Brescia, died 1594. Motetts, Torquato Tasso | | Madrigals, etc. (1544-1595). | | | | Bird (William), born 1546 in | | England, died 1623. Masses, Graduales, | | Madrigals. | | First Edition of | | Weelkes (Thomas), born about 1550 Bacon's 'Essays' | | in England. Madrigals and other vocal published | | compositions. (1597). | | | | Eccard (Johann), born about 1545 in | | Thuringia, Germany. Pupil of Orlando | | di Lasso. Many Church songs. Edict of Nantes. | | Religious Liberty | | (1598). | | Gallus (Johann Peter), properly | | Händl, born about 1550 at Krain, in | | Austria, died 1591. Many sacred songs. | | Incorporation by | 1600 | Vittoria (Tomaso Ludovico della), Royal Charter | | born about 1560 in Spain, died about of the English | | 1608. Many Church compositions. East India | | Company | | Dowland (John), born 1562 in (1600). | | England, died 1615. Virtuoso on the | | lute. Many vocal compositions. Lopez de Vega, | | dramatic poet, | | Bull (John), born 1563 in England, in Spain (1562-1635). | | died 1622. Organist. Vocal | | compositions and Organ pieces. James VI. of | | Scotland, son | | Vulpius (Melchior), born about 1560 of Mary Stuart, | | in Germany, died 1616. Chorales and succeeds Queen | | other sacred songs. Elizabeth of | | England as | | James I. (1603). | | Calvisius (Sethus), born 1556 in | | Thuringia, Germany, died 1615. Many First French | | Church compositions, and also Colony in | | theoretical works. Canada (1604). | | | | Schultz (Hieronymus), called First permanent | | Prætorius, born 1560 at Hamburg, died British settlement | | 1629. Motetts, etc. in North | | America, formed | | From about 1600 to 1725, the by "the | | celebrated Violin Makers of Cremona, London Company" | | in Italy:--Amati, Guarneri, under | | Stradivari, etc. charter from | | James I. (1607). | | | | Bacon publishes | | The most popular instruments about his Advancement | | the year 1600 were: The lute, cither, of Learning | | spinet, virginal, clavichord, (1605). | | flûte-à-bec, cornet, etc. | | Guy Fawkes | 1605 | Viadana (Ludovico), born 1560 in Gunpowder | | Italy, died 1625. Many Church Plot (1605). | | compositions, and the first Church | | concertos and Solo songs for the Third recorded | | Church. Viadana is said to have appearance of | | invented, in the year 1605, the the comet afterwards | | thorough-bass, or indication of the known | | Harmony by marking the bass with as Halley's | | figures; but this invention is also Comet (1607). | | ascribed to Ottavio Catalano, born | | about 1595 in Sicily. | | Thermometers | 1610 | MONTEVERDE (CLAUDIO), born 1565 are invented | | at Cremona, died 1649. Masses, about this time | | Madrigals, and also secular songs. The by Drebbel, of | | most important steps towards the Alkmaer, Paulo | | development of the modern music by new Sarpi, and Sanctorio. | | licenses in the Harmony. Invention of | | the Tremolo of the violins, etc. Cervantes, author | | of Don Quixote, | | etc. (1547-1616). | | Cerone (Dominico Pietro), born 1566 | | at Bergamo, died 1620. Many English poets:--Milton,| | theoretical treatises. Dryden, | | Butler, | | Prætorius (Michael), born 1571 in Otway, Prior, | | Thuringia, Germany, died 1621. Many Cowley, Denham. | | Masses, Psalms, Hymns, and a musical | | treatise. | | The telescope is | | Walliser (Christoph Thomas), born first applied to | | about 1571 at Strassburg, died 1648. astronomical | | Church compositions, and a treatise on purposes by | | Harmony and on the Fugue. Galileo, at Padua. | | Discoveries | | of the satellites | 1620 | Frescobaldi (Gieronimo), born about of Jupiter, | | 1580 in Italy, died 1640. Organist. and the spots | | Many Church compositions, Madrigals, in the sun (1610). | | Organ compositions, Fugues, Ricercari, | | etc. | | Tea is brought | | Vieira (Antonio), born about 1580 in from India by | | Portugal, died in 1650. Many Church the Dutch; it | | compositions for eight different is introduced | | voices. into England in | | 1666. | | Allegri (Gregorio), born about 1580 | | at Rome, died 1652. Many Church | | compositions. The Miserere of the | | Vatican. | | The present authorized | | Carissimi (Giacomo), born about 1582 English | | at Padua, died about 1673. Many version of | | Masses, some of which are for twelve the Bible is | | different voices, and other Church published, and is | | compositions. Improver of the called "King | | Recitative. The first important James's Bible" | | Oratorios and Cantatas in Italy. (1611). | | | | Kapsberger (Johann Hieronymus), Settlement of | | born about 1575 in Germany, died 1650. New York, in | | Lived in Italy. Church compositions, North America, | | and Instruction books for playing the by the Dutch | | Lute and the Guitar. (1614). | | | | Gibbons (Orlando), born 1583 at Emigration of | | Cambridge, died 1625. Many Church the Puritans to | | compositions, Anthems, Madrigals, etc. New England; | | they found | | New Plymouth | | (1620). | | | | Charles I. succeeds | 1627 | Schütz (Heinrich von), called James I., | | Sagittarius, born 1585 in Germany, King of England, | | died 1672. Many Motetts, Psalms, and after the | | also Operas. In the year 1627 the death of the | | Opera Dafne, by Rinuccini (see above, latter, in 1625. | | date 1580), having been translated Disputes between | | into German by Opitz, and composed King | | anew by Schütz, was performed in Charles I. and | | Dresden as the first German Opera. his Parliament. | | Civil war begins | | Mazzocchi (Domenico), born about in 1642. Last | | 1590 at Castellana, in Italy. general assembly | | Oratorios, Madrigals for five of the Hanseatic | | different voices with instrumental cities of | | accompaniments. Introduced signs of Germany. Lübeck, | | expression in the notation. Hamburg | | and Bremen | | continue united. | | | | Kepler, Astronomer | 1630 | Mazzocchi (Virgilio), brother of the (1571-1630). | | preceding, born about 1595, died 1646. | | Many Church compositions. The first Gustavus Adolphus | | development of the melody in the dies on | | present sense. the battle-field | | at Lutzen | | Doni (Giovanni Battista), born 1593 (1632). | | at Florence, died 1674. Treatises on | | the music of the ancient Greeks and on Wallenstein | | that of his time. assassinated at | | Eyer (1634). | | Jenkins (John), born 1592 in Kent, | | England, died 1678. Virtuoso on the Rubens, Vandyck, | | Viola da Gamba. Many compositions Domenichino, | | for his instrument and also vocal painters (1620). | | music. | | Ben Jonson, dramatist | | (1620). | | | | Lope de Vega, | | Schein (Johann Hermann), born 1586 Spanish writer | | in Germany, died 1630. Chorales, (1620). | | Madrigals, Secular Songs, etc. | | Galileo is condemned | | Scheidt (Samuel), born 1587 at by the | | Halle, in Germany, died 1654. Inquisition of | | Contrapuntist. Many Church Rome as guilty | | compositions as well as pieces for the of heresy for | | Organ and Clavichord. upholding the | | Copernican | | Mersenne (Marie), born 1588 in system, and | | France, died 1640. Treatises on compelled to | | Harmony, Acoustics, and Musical abjure it (1633). | | History. | | Richelieu founds | | the French Academy | | (1635). | | | | Death of Cardinal | 1640 | Lawes (Henry), born 1600 in England, Richelieu (1642). | | died 1662. Psalms and Secular | | songs. Louis XIV. (styled | | _Dieu-donné_), | | King of France | | (1643-1715). | | | | The Pendulum is | | Kircher (Pater Athanasius), born applied to | | 1602 at Fulda, in Germany, died 1680. clocks by | | Several treatises on music. Richard Harris | | and the younger | | Galileo | | (1641). | | | | Charles I. beheaded | 1645 | The first Italian Opera in Paris, (1649). | | ordered from Italy by Cardinal | | Mazarin. Oliver Cromwell, | 1650 | Sabattini (Galeazzo), born about Protector of | | 1610 in Italy. Litanies, Madrigals, the Commonwealth | | and other vocal music. (1653). | | | | Portugal takes | | Dumont (Henri), born 1610 at Liége, possession of | | Belgium, died 1684. Masses and other the Brazils | | Church compositions. Innovation of (1654). | | the employment of instrumental | | accompaniments to the Mass. Calderon de la | | Barca, dramatic | | Child (William), born 1608 at poet in | | Bristol, in England, died 1696. Psalms Spain (1601-1687). | | and other sacred vocal music, and | | secular songs. Dutch and Flemish | | Painters:--Eykens, | | Simpson (Christopher), born about Sachtleven, | | 1610 in England, died about 1670. Rembrandt, | | Instruction book on the Viola da Douw | | Gamba, on the Theory of Music, etc. Swanevelt, | | Wouvermann, | | Berghem, Paul | | Potter, etc. | | Hammerschmiedt (Andreas), born Restoration of | | 1611 in Bohemia, died 1675. Many Charles II. | | Masses and other sacred compositions. (1660). | | | | Cesti (Marc-Antonio), born in 1620 Spain takes possession | | at Florence, died 1681. Nine Operas. of Havannah | | Progress in the development of (1662). | | operatic music. | | The French, commanded | | Eccles (John), born about 1620 in by | | England. Several Operas, songs, etc. Turenne, victorious | | upon | | Lock (Matthew), born about 1620 in the Rhine | | England, died 1677. Sacred music and (1663). | | dramatic compositions. | | Plague in London | | (1665). | | | | Great fire of London | | (1666). | | | | Flourishing state | 1670 | Stradella (Alessandro), born 1645 at of France | | Naples, died 1678. An Oratorio and owing to her | | some Operas. industry & commerce | | (1670). | | Kerl (Johann Caspar von), born about | | 1625 in Saxony, died about 1690. The Turks in | | Masses and organ compositions. Hungary invade | | Poland | | Meibom (Marcus), born 1626 in (1670). | | Schleswig, died 1711. Many Treatises | | on the Music of the Ancient Greeks. | | Death of Molière | 1672 | LULLI (GIOVANNI BATTISTA), born (1673). | | 1633 at Florence, died 1687 at Paris. | | Founder of the older French operatic De Ruyter, the | | music. Composed 19 Operas and 26 Dutch Admiral, | | ballets. His first French Opera was dies (1675). | | performed at Paris in the year 1672. | | William Penn | 1680 | Frohberger (Johann Jacob), born 1637 founds Pennsylvania | | at Halle, Germany, died 1695. (1681). | | Organist. Many compositions for the | | organ and the clavichord. Vienna is besieged | | by the | | Buxtehude (Dietrich), born about Turks (1683). | | 1640 in Germany, died 1707. Many | | Organ compositions. Death of Corneille | | (1684). | | Gasparini (Michael-Angelo), born at | | Lucca, in Italy, during the second The Huguenots | | half of the seventeenth century, died expelled from | | in 1732. Many Operas. Founder of a France (1685). | | School of Singing at Venice. | | Peter the Great, | | Steffani (Agostino), called Gregoria Czar of Russia | | Piva, born about 1650, at Venice, died (from 1682 to | | 1730. Masses and other sacred 1725). | | compositions, Operas, vocal duets. | | William III., | 1690 | Baj (Tomaso), born about 1650, at Prince of | | Bologna, died 1714. Many sacred Orange, and | | compositions. A Miserere for the Mary (daughter | | Vatican, which is sometimes performed of James I.) his | | instead of that by Allegri. wife, declared | | King and Queen | | Corelli (Arcangelo), born 1653 at of England | | Fusignano, in Italy, died 1713. (1688). | | Violinist. Many concertos, etc. | | Charles XII. King | | Blow (John), born 1648 at of Sweden from | | Nottingham, died 1708. Many anthems, 1697 to 1718. | | psalms, etc. | | Alsace becomes | | Purcell (Henry), born 1658 in French (1697). | | London, died 1695. About 17 English | | Operas, secular songs, anthems and Death of Racine | | other sacred compositions. (1699). | | | | Krieger (Adam), born 1646 at Locke, philosopher, | | Nürnberg, died 1725. Operas, etc. English | | (1632-1704). | | | | Charles XII., | 1700 | SCARLATTI (ALESSANDRO), born 1659 King of Sweden, | | at Trapani, in Sicily, died 1725. at war | | Composed 115 Operas, 200 Masses, with Denmark, | | several Oratorios, many sacred and Poland, and | | secular cantatas, etc. Invention of Russia. He | | the Recitative with orchestral forces the King | | accompaniment; of a greater of Denmark to | | combination of orchestral instruments conclude a | | than hitherto; of the Da-Capo, peace with him, | | or repetition of the theme; and of and defeats the | | several other essential innovations. Russians on the | | banks of the | | Desmarets (Henri), born 1662 at Narva (1700). | | Paris, died 1741. About 8 Operas. | | Queen Anne | | (1702). | | | | Battle of Blenheim, | | Brossard (Sébastien de), born 1660, or Höchstadt, | | probably at Strassburg, died 1730. gained by | | Many Masses, a Dictionary of Music. the Duke of | | Brossard's Dictionary, which was Marlborough & | | published in 1703, is generally Prince Eugene | | regarded as the earliest work over the French | | of its kind. Tinctor, and Bavarians | | however, already in the (1704). | | fifteenth century compiled | | a collection of the definitions Gibraltar taken | | of the musical terms in use at his by the English | | time; and Janowka published at Prague (1707). | | a Musical Dictionary in Latin, two Union of England | | years previous to the appearance of and Scotland | | Brossard's work, which is in French. by Treaty | | (1707). | | Fux (Johann Joseph), born 1660 in | | Austria, died about 1732. Composed Peter the Great | | 17 Operas, 26 Masses, 3 Requiems, 1 defeats Charles | | Stabat Mater, 10 Oratorios, above 170 XII. at Pultowa | | other sacred compositions; likewise, (1709). | | instrumental pieces, a work on the | | theory of music (Gradus ad | | Parnassum), etc. | | Herculaneum discovered | 1710 | Gasparini (Francesco), born about (1711). | | 1665 at Lucca, died 1727. Many | | Operas, Cantatas, etc. Teacher in Peace of Utrecht | | counterpoint of Domenico Scarlatti (1713). | | and Marcello. | | Death of Fénélon | | Lotti (Antonio), born about 1665 at (1715). | | Venice, died 1740. Nineteen Operas, | | many church compositions and Defoe, author of | | madrigals. 'Robinson Crusoe.' | | Vivaldi (Antonio), born about 1670 | | at Venice, died about 1743. Twenty-six Saunderson and | | Operas, violin concertos, and many Brook Taylor, English | | other instrumental pieces. mathematicians. | | | | Bononcini (Giovanni), born about Prior, Congreve, | | 1672 at Modena, died 1750. Composed and Parnell, | | about 23 Operas. For a time rival of English Poets. | | Handel in London. | | George, Elector | | Couperin (François), born 1668 at of Hanover, | | Paris, died 1733. Organist. Many organ becomes King | | and clavecin (harpsichord) of England, as | | compositions. George I. | | (1714). | | Keiser (Reinhard), born 1673 at | | Leipzig, died 1739. Many Operas, many | | Oratorios and other sacred Prince Eugene | | compositions, etc. He is said to have defeats the | | composed 116 Operas, partly to German, Turks at | | and partly to Italian words. Peterwardein in | | Austrian Slavonia | | Pepusch (Johann Christoph), born (1716). | | 1667 at Berlin, died 1732. Cantatas | | and other sacred music. Prince Eugene | | defeats the | | Leveridge (Richard) born 1670 in Turks at Belgrade | | London, died 1758. Operas and songs. (1717). | | | | Charles XII., | 1720 | Caldara (Antonio), born 1678 at King of Sweden, | | Venice, died 1763. Sixty-seven Operas, is killed at | | many Masses and other sacred the Siege of | | compositions. Frederickshall, | | in Norway | | Astorga (Emanuale), born 1681 at (1718). | | Palermo, Sicily, died 1736. Several | | Operas, a Requiem and many other | | sacred compositions. English authors: | | Pope (1688-1744); | | Swift | | Geminiani (Francesco), born 1680 at (1667-1744); | | Lucca, died 1762. Violinist. Many Young (1684-1765); | | compositions for his instrument. Thomson | | (1700-1748); | | Scarlatti (Domenico), son of Fielding | | Alessandro Scarlatti, born in 1683 at (1707-1754); | | Naples, died about 1760. Johnson (1713-1784); | | Clavicembalist. Many compositions for Goldsmith | | his instrument. (1728-1774); | | Sterne | | Rameau (Jean Philippe), born 1683 at (1713-1768); | | Dijon, died 1764. Composed 36 Operas, Hogarth, painter | | many motetts and other sacred vocal (1698-1764). | | compositions, as well as pieces for | | the organ and for the clavecin Death of the | | (harpsichord). Several theoretical Duke of Marlborough, | | works. A new System of Harmony. born | | Progress in operatic music. 1650 (1722). | | | | Mattheson (Johann), born 1681 at Death of Peter | | Hamburg, died 1764. Seven Operas, 24 the Great | | Oratorios, several other sacred (1725). | | compositions, and a great many works | | on the theory and history of music. George II., King | | of Great Britain, | | Telemann (Georg Philipp), born 1681 succeeds | | at Magdeburg, in Germany, died 1767. his father, | | Composed 44 Operas, many Oratorios George I., who | | and other sacred compositions, secular died, aged 68 | | instrumental pieces, etc. (1727). | | | | Heinichen (Johann David), born Fahrenheit, improver | | 1683 in Saxony, died 1729. Operas, of the | | sacred and secular compositions. thermometer | | Treatise on the Theory of Music. (1724). | | | | Réaumur, improver | | of the | | thermometer | | (1731). | | | | The Jesuits are | | Walther (Johann Gottfried), born expelled from | | 1684 at Erfurt, died 1748. Organ China (1724). | | compositions, chorales, and a Musical | | Dictionary. Isaac Newton | | (1642-1727). | | | | Swift publishes | | About this time, the first his 'Gulliver's | | Pianofortes were constructed by Travels' (1726). | | Christofori, in Italy, and by | | Schröter, in Germany. | | Pope publishes | 1730 | Marcello (Benedetto), born 1686 at his 'Essay on | | Venice, died 1739. Composed fifty Man' (1729). | | Psalms, several Oratorios, Masses, | | etc. | | Thomson publishes | | Porpora (Nicolo), born 1687 at his 'Seasons' | | Naples, died 1767. Great singing (1730). | | teacher. Composed fifty Operas, many | | Masses, etc. Arbuthnot and Sir | | Hans Sloane, | | Tartini (Giuseppe) born 1692 at English physicians | | Pirano, died 1770. Violinist and (1730). | | composer. Author of a Treatise on | | Harmony. | | Le Sage, author of | | Leo (Leonardo), born 1694 at Naples, 'Gil Blas' (1730). | | died 1756. Composed forty-eight | | Operas, several Oratorios, Masses, and Jonathan Swift, | | other sacred music. He wrote for his Dean of St. | | Operas larger overtures than previous Patrick's, poet | | composers had done. and miscellaneous | | writer (1730). | | Carey (Henry), born about 1690 in | | England, died 1743. Many songs. He Harrison, an | | is supposed to have composed in the Englishman, | | year 1740 the English national air of constructs | | 'God save the King.' a chronometer of | | great precision | | HANDEL (GEORG FRIEDRICH), properly (1735). His | | Händel, born 1685 at Halle, died 1759 fourth chronometer | | in London. Composed fifty-one Operas is used at sea | | (forty-three having Italian words in 1764, and he | | and eight having German words), twenty receives a reward | | English Oratorios, many cantatas, of £20,000. | | motetts, anthems, a Mass, four Te | | Deums, concertos, instrumental | | compositions for the organ, Frederick III., | | harpsichord, etc. Elector of | | Brandenburg, and | | The concertos of that period Duke of Prussia, | | consisted of orchestral pieces with or in an assembly of | | without an organ concertante; or of the states, puts | | violin-quintetts with double-bass; a crown upon his | | or also of pieces for the own head, and | | harpsichord accompanied upon the head | | by a quartett of stringed of his consort, | | instruments, etc. and is proclaimed | | King of Prussia, | | by the title of | | Frederick | | I. (1701). | | | | During the eighteenth German poets and | | century, most of the German authors:-- | | Opera composers of distinction Elias Schlegel, | | wrote chiefly to Italian words. Gellert, Hagedorn, | | Every German town in which Rabener, | | a Sovereign resided had an Rammler, Kleist, | | Italian Opera. The German art of Weisse, Bürger, | | singing began to flourish Hölty, Stollberg, | | only about the year 1760. Even Voss, | | Mozart wrote but two Operas to German Gleim, Jacoby, | | words. The German composers Uz, Gerstenberg, | | (Handel, Gluck, Hasse, Mozart, etc.) Gotter, | | studied dramatic music in Italy. Claudius, Gessner. | | | | BACH (JOHANN SEBASTIAN), born Frederick William I, | | 1685 at Eisenach, in Germany, died King of Prussia, | | 1750 at Leipzig. Composed several son of | | Oratorios, many Masses, a great many Frederick I. | | motetts, cantatas, chorales, etc.; (1713). | | many compositions for the organ, | | clavichord, clavicembalo First attempt of | | (harpsichord), and for the orchestra. Steam Navigation, | | The first book of his Preludes by Jonathan | | and Fugues for the clavichord, Hulls | | entitled 'Das Wohltemperirte Clavier,' (1736). | | dates from the year 1722, and the | | second book from the year 1740. He John Wesley, | | composed the Passion according to founder of the | | St. Matthew, about the year 1728; the sect of Methodists | | great Mass in B minor, about 1734; (1730). | | the Art of Fugue, in the year 1748. | | | | Stölzel (Gottfried Heinrich), born George Whitfield, | | 1690 in Bohemia, died 1749. Several founder of the | | Operas, Oratorios, Masses, and sect of Calvinistic | | Treatises on the Theory and History of Methodists, | | Music. preaches in | | London in the | | open air (1738). | | | | The Methodist | | Society is fully | | established | | Pergolesi (Giovanni Battista), born (1740). | | 1710 at Jesi, died 1736. Composed 7 | | Operas, a Stabat Mater, several Italian Painters of | 1740 | Masses, offertories, etc. this period:--Rotari, | | Casanova, | | Durante (Francesco), born 1693 at Landi, | | Naples, died 1755. Composed Masses Grassi, Appiani, | | and other sacred music, secular Bossi, Sabatelli, | | madrigals, pieces for the Ermini, Alvarez, | | clavicembalo, etc. Camoccini, | | etc. | | Durante, was with Leo, the founder | | of the famous Neapolitan School. | | Frederick II., | | Feo (Francesco), born 1699 at King of Prussia | | Naples. Operas, Oratorios, Masses, (from 1740 until | | Psalms. Feo is especially remarkable 1786). | | for being regarded as the master whom | | Gluck particularly admired and First Silesian | | studied. war (1740-1742). | | | | Greene (Maurice), born 1698 in | | London, died 1755. Many sacred Second Silesian | | compositions and some English Operas. war (1744-1745). | | | | Maria-Theresa, | | Quanz (Johann Joachim), born 1697 at Empress of | | Hanover, died 1773. Flute-player, and Germany, | | teacher of Frederick II. of Prussia. Queen of Hungary | | Many compositions, and an instruction and Bohemia | | book for the Flute. (1740). | | | | Graun (Carl Heinrich), born 1701 in Francis I., Duke | | Saxony, died 1759. Composed 30 Operas, of Lorraine, | | several Oratorios, Masses, cantatas, marries | | etc. Maria-Theresa, and is | | elected Emperor | | Hasse (Johann Adolf), born 1699 at of Germany | | Hamburg, died 1783. Composed 52 (1745). | | Operas, 11 Oratorios, several Masses, | | a Requiem, 4 Te Deums, various other During the reign | | sacred compositions, symphonies, of Frederick II. | | sonatas for the clavichord, concertos, or 'Frederick | | etc. the Great,' the | | Prussian monarchy | | Galuppi (Baldassaro), born 1703 at is made | | Venice, died 1785. Composed 55 to rank among | | Operas, several Masses, motetts, and the first powers | | other sacred music. in Europe. | | | | Sammartini (Giovanni Battista), born Battle of Dettingen | | about 1700 at Milan, died 1775. Many gained | | Masses and other Church music, many by George II. | | symphonies, quartetts, trios, and over the | | other instrumental compositions of French (1743). | | every kind. Sammartini wrote about | | 2,800 works, and his style is The electric | | considered as being the precursor of shock is discovered | | that of Joseph Haydn. at Leyden | | (1745). | | From about the middle of the | | eighteenth century, the sonata-form German poets: | | in instrumental compositions (sonatas, Salis, Matthison, | | symphonies, quartetts, etc.) becomes Pfeffel, | | much developed, especially through Kind, Langbein, | | Joseph Haydn. Seume, | | Schubert, | | Tiedge, etc. | | | | Lima and Callao | | are destroyed | | by an earthquake | | which | | buries 18,000 | | persons in the | | ruins (1746). | | | | Linnæus, naturalist | 1750 | The flourishing period of the (1750). | | Italian operatic music dates from | | about the year 1700 to 1780. The most The Academy of | | celebrated writers of libretti were Sciences at | | Apostolo Zeno and Metastasio. The most Stockholm, | | celebrated female singers: Faustina, and the Royal | | Cuzzoni, Mattei, Scotti, Grassi, Society at Göttingen, | | Gabrieli, Agujari, Danci, Allegrante, are founded (1750). | | Storace, etc. The most celebrated Samuel Johnson | | male singers: Lovattini, Guarducci, commences the | | Farinelli, Nicolini, Guadagni, publication of | | Millico, Pacchiarotti, Morelli, his 'Rambler' | | Marchesi, Salimbeni, Crescentini, etc. (1750). | | | | Lady W. Montague, | | Martini (Giovanni Battista), Padre, and Lord | | born 1706 at Bologna, died 1784. Chesterfield, | | Many sacred compositions, History of miscellaneous | | Music, School of Harmony, and other writers (1750). | | literary works on music. | | New style introduced | | Perez (Davide), born 1711 at Naples, into | | died 1778. Composed 31 Operas. England (1752). | | | | Jomelli (Nicolo), born 1714 at Death of Montesquieu | | Aversa, died 1774. Composed 40 Operas, (1755). | | 4 Oratorios, several Masses, Requiems, | | etc. Great earthquake | | at Lisbon (1755). | | Rousseau (Jean Jacques), born 1712 | | at Geneva, in Switzerland, died 1778. Voltaire at the | | Author. Some French Operas. Many Court of Frederick | | Treatises on Music. Musical of Prussia | | Dictionary. Invention of the melodrama (from 1750 until | | ascribed to him. 1753). | | | | Arne (Thomas Augustus), born 1710 Benjamin Franklin, | | in London, died 1778. Composed 23 in America, | | Operas, 3 Oratorios, and many other invents the | | vocal pieces, etc. lightning conductor | | (1755). | | Boyce (William), born 1710 in | | England, died 1779. Organist. Several | | dramatic compositions, an Oratorio, | | sacred songs, many organ pieces. | | Conquest of | | Bach (Friedemann), son of J. S. India under | | Bach, born 1710 at Weimar, died Colonel, afterwards | | 1784. Compositions for the organ, Lord, | | clavichord, and harpsichord. Clive (1757). | | | | Bach (Carl Philipp Emanuel), son of Death of General | | J. S. Bach, born 1713 at Weimar, Wolfe at the | | died 1788. Oratorios, cantatas, sacred Battle of Quebec | | songs, many compositions for the (1759). | | clavichord. Instruction Book for | | playing the clavichord. | | The Seven Years' | 1760 | Fiorillo (Ignazio), born 1715 at War in Germany | | Naples, died 1787. Several Operas, an (1756-1763). | | Oratorio, a Requiem, Masses. | | George III., King | | Alembert (Jean-le-Rond d'), born of Great Britain, | | 1717 in Paris, died 1783. Author of a grandson of | | System of Composition, and of other George II. | | theoretical works on music. (1760). | | | | Marpurg (Friedrich Wilhelm), born Moses Mendelssohn, | | 1718 in Prussia, died 1795. Organ and philosopher. | | clavichord compositions. Treatises | | on the Theory of Music. Winckelmann, | | antiquarian. | | Mozart (Leopold), father of the | | great Mozart, born 1719 at Augsburg, Garrick, actor. | | died 1789. Composed 4 Operas, 12 | | Oratorios, many symphonies, and other Joseph II., Emperor | | instrumental and vocal music. Also a of Austria | | Violin School. (1765). | | | | Gerbert (Martin), Abbot, born 1720 Mesmer, a German | | in Austria, died 1792. History of physician, | | sacred music. publishes his | | 'Theory of | | Animal Magnetism' | | (1766). | | | | Blackstone publishes | | Benda (Georg), born 1721 in Bohemia, his 'Commentaries | | died 1795. Composed 14 Operas, on | | some melodramas, cantatas, and the Laws of | | instrumental music. England' (1767). | | | | Kirnberger (Johann Philipp), born Corsica becomes | | 1721 in Thuringia, Germany, died 1783. French (1768). | | Composed fugues and other pieces | | for the clavichord and pianoforte. Napoleon Buonaparte | | Author of several works on the born at | | theory of music. Ajaccio, in Corsica | | (1769). | | | | Death of Emanuel | 1770 | The Pianoforte begins to supersede Swedenborg, | | the clavichord and clavicembalo founder | | (English harpsichord). of a new religious | | sect | | Piccini (Nicolo), born 1728 at (1772). | | Naples, died 1800. Composed above 130 | | Operas, several Oratorios, psalms, | | etc. Sheridan publishes | | his first | | GLUCK (CHRISTOPH WILLIBALD VON), drama, 'The | | born 1714 at Weidenwang, Germany, died Rivals' (1775). | | 1787. Composed 21 Operas, 8 of which | | are to Italian words, and 13 are to Pestalozzi founds | | French words. A De Profundis, a Ballet the Reformatory | | entitled 'Don Juan,' some secular School at | | songs, a few instrumental pieces, etc. Neuhoff, in | | Switzerland | | (1775). | | | | Adam Smith | | Sarti (Giuseppe), born 1730 at publishes his | | Faenza, died 1802. Composed 44 'Wealth of | | Operas, and several sacred pieces. Nations' (1776). | | | | Necker, Minister | | Lolli (Antonio), born about 1730 at of Finance in | | Bergamo, died 1802. Violinist. Many France (1777). | | compositions for his instrument. | | The Sandwich | | Majo (Francesco de), born 1745 at Islands are | | Naples, died 1774. Composed 13 Operas, discovered by | | many Masses, Vespers, etc. Captain Cook | | (1778). | | Arteaga (Steffano), born about 1730 | | at Madrid, died 1799. Author of a Death of William | | History of the Italian Opera. Pitt, first Earl | | of Chatham | | Philidor (François André), born 1727 (1778). | | at Dreux, died 1795. Composed 22 | | Operas, of which 11 are to Italian Captain Cook is | | words, and 11 to French words. killed by the natives | | Philidor is also celebrated as a of Owyhee | | chess-player. (1779). | | | | Monsigny (Pierre Alexandre), born | | 1729 at St. Omer, died 1817. Composed J. Priestley, | | 17 Operas, ballets, etc. chemical philosopher | | (1733-1804). | | Gossec (François Joseph), born 1733 | | at Hainault, died 1829. Composed 28 Hunter, surgeon | | Operas, and many sacred compositions. (1728-1793). | | | | Hawkins (John), born 1720 in Sir W. Jones, | | England, died 1791. Author of a orientalist | | History of Music. (1746-1794). | | | | Burney (Charles), born 1726 at Horace Walpole | | Shrewsbury, died 1814. Author of a (1717-1797). | | History of Music, and some other | | works. Boswell, biographer | | of Dr. | | Abel (Carl Friedrich), born 1725 at Johnson. | | Köthen, in Germany, died 1787 in | | London. Viola-da-Gambist and composer. Cowper, poet. | | | | Bacon, sculptor. | | | | Josiah Wedgewood, | | Hiller (Johann Adam), born 1728 in improver | | Lusatia, Germany, died 1804. Composed of pottery | | 18 Operettas, many psalms, manufacture | | sacred and secular songs, symphonies, (1730-1795). | | sonatas, and musical treatises. | | Alfieri publishes | | his first tragedy | | 'Cleopatra' | | (1773). | | HAYDN (JOSEPH), born 1732 at | | Rohrau, in Austria, died 1809. Benjamin Franklin, | | Composed 24 Operas (10 with German American | | words, and 14 with Italian words), 4 philosopher | | Oratorios, 19 Masses, several Te and statesman | | Deums, a Stabat Mater, Salve Regina, (1706-1790). | | many motetts and other sacred music, | | 118 symphonies, 83 quartetts, 44 Pope Clement | | sonatas, and many other instrumental XIV. suppresses | | and vocal compositions. the Order of the | | Jesuits, founded | | in the year | | 1540 (1773). | | J. Haydn wrote in 1783 the Oratorio | | The Seven Words, for Cadix; in 1800, The Jesuits were | | The Creation; in 1803, The Seasons; expelled from | | in 1791 and 1793; the twelve so-called England in | | English symphonies, in London. 1604; from | | France, in | | 1764; from | | Kittel (Johann Christian), born 1732 Spain, in 1767. | | at Erfurt in Germany, died 1809. The Order was | | Many organ compositions. restored by | | Pope Pius VII. | 1774 | GLUCK in Paris, from 1774 to 1779. in 1814. | | Representations of his Operas. Reform | | of the French dramatic music. Rivalry Death of Lord | | between Gluck and Piccini in Paris. Clive (1774). | | First performance of Orpheus and | | Euridice, Vienna 1762; of Alceste, The American | | Vienna, 1767; of Iphigenia in Aulis, Colonies deny | | Paris, 1774; of Armida, Paris, 1777; the right of the | | of Iphigenia in Tauris, Paris, 1779. British Parliament | | to tax | | them (1774). | | | | The first battle of | | the American | | The Operas by Gluck are the noblest war at Lexington | | musical dramas in existence. They (1775). | | have served as models for the most | | eminent operatic composers whose Voltaire (1694-1778). | | works have been written subsequently | | to those of Gluck. W. Herschel, | | astronomer | | (1738-1822). | 1780 | Sacchini (Antonio Maria Giuseppe), | | born 1735 at Naples, died 1786. W. Herschel discovers | | Composed 50 Operas, several Oratorios, the | | Masses with double choruses, a planet Uranus, | | Miserere, several other sacred or Georgium | | compositions, sonatas, violin-trios, Sidus (1781). | | etc. | | Mail Coaches are | | Anfossi (Pasquale), born about 1736 first set up at | | at Naples, died 1797. Many Operas Bristol by Mr. | | and sacred compositions. Palmer, and are | | soon in use all | | Traetta (Tomaso), born 1738 at through England | | Naples, died 1786. Operas and Church (1784). | | music. | | The Crimea is | | Sabbatini (Luigi Antonio), born 1739 given up by | | at Albano, died 1809. Church music Turkey to | | and several theoretical works. Russia (1784). | | | | The power-loom | | Boccherini (Luigi), born 1740 at for weaving is | | Lucca, died 1806. Many symphonies, invented by E. | | quintetts, quartetts, sonatas, and Cartwright | | other instrumental compositions. (1785). | | | | Watt greatly | | Paesiello (Giovanni), born 1741 at improves the | | Taranto, died 1816. Composed 94 Steam Engine | | Operas, an Oratorio, a Requiem, (1736-1819). | | many Masses, a Te Deum, and other | | sacred music. Watt's double | | Steam Engine | | Great popularity of the Operas by (about 1780). | | Paesiello, Cimaroso, Sacchini, | | Piccini, etc. The Steam | | Engine is | | Langlé (Onorio Francesco), born applied to | | 1741 at Monaco, died 1807. Composed cotton spinning | | 8 Operas (with French words), and (1785). | | wrote several theoretical works on | | music in French. Lessing (1729-1781). | | | | Grétry (André-Ernest-Modeste), born The United | | 1741 at Liége, died 1813. Composed States of | | 59 Operas, several Masses, motetts, America declare | | symphonies, quartetts, their | | pianoforte-sonatas, etc. Also Essays independence | | on Music. (1776). | | | | Battishill (Jonathan), born 1738 in | | London, died 1801. Many sacred vocal Alliance between | | compositions, and some Operas. France and | | the United | | Arnold (Samuel), born 1740 in States (1778). | | London, died 1802. Composed 40 | | Operas and Operettas (with English Spain and | | words), 7 Oratorios, etc. Holland in | | favour of the | | Bach (Johann Christian), son of J. United States. | | S. Bach, born 1735 at Leipzig, died (1779). | | 1782 in London. Composed 15 Operas | | (with Italian words), 18 concertos for United States of | | the harpsichord, sonatas, trios, and North America | | other instrumental pieces. independent. | | | | Albrechtsberger (Johann Georg), born Washington their | | 1736 in the neighbourhood of Vienna, President | | died 1809. Composed 26 Masses, 43 (1783). | | graduales, 34 offertories, and other | | sacred compositions, many Washington | | organ-fugues, etc. Author of a work on (1732-1799). | | the Theory of Music. | | Frederick-William | | II., | | King of Prussia, | | nephew of | | Frederick the | | Great (1786). | | | | The Quakers at | | Haydn (Michael), brother of Joseph Philadelphia | | Haydn, born 1737 in Rohrau, died 1806. emancipate | | Many Masses, Offertories, Te Deums, their slaves | | etc. (1788). | | | | First English | | Dittersdorf (Carl Ditters von), born settlement in | | 1739 at Vienna, died 1799. Composed Australia, at | | 37 Operas, 41 symphonies, many Botany Bay | | concertos and other instrumental (1788). | | pieces. | | Invention of the | | André (Johann), born 1741 at balloon, and | | Offenbach, in Germany, died 1799. ascent by | | Composed about 30 German Operettas. Montgolfier, in | | Paris (1783). | | | | Naumann (Johann Gottlieb), born Blanchard and | | 1741 in Saxony, died 1801. Composed Jefferies cross | | 26 Operas, 13 Oratorios, many Masses, the English | | psalms, cantatas, and other vocal Channel in a | | music, many symphonies, concertos, balloon (1785). | | and other instrumental pieces. | | Diderot (1713-1784). | 1784 | Martini (Johann Paul Egydius), | | properly Schwarzendorf, born 1741 in | | Germany, died 1816. Composed 12 Buffon (1707-1788). | | Operas (with French words), a Requiem, | | Masses, a Te Deum. Wrote several Herschel completes | | theoretical works on music. his great | | forty-foot telescope, | | Festival in commemoration of Handel, discovers | | in London. Mara (Gertrude Elizabeth), volcanic mountains | | the celebrated German singer (born in the | | 1749 at Cassel, died 1833), visits moon, etc. | | London, and sings at the Festival. (1787). | | | | The French | | Origin of the English Musical Revolution | | Festivals, in which the principal (1789). | | performers are mostly foreigners. | | Death of Mirabeau | 1790 | Salieri (Antonio), born 1750 at (1791). | | Legnano, died 1825. Composed 41 | | Operas, a Requiem, many Royalty abolished | | vocal-canons, and other vocal pieces. in France | | (1792). | | Zingarelli (Nicolo), born 1752 at | | Rome, died 1837. Composed 22 Operas, Louis XVI. beheaded | | 38 Masses with organ, 45 other Masses, (1793). | | 4 Requiems, and many other sacred | | compositions. | | Marat stabbed by | | CLEMENTI (MUZIO), born 1752 at Rome, Charlotte | | died 1832. Pianist and founder of Corday (1793). | | pianoforte-playing. Composed above | | 60 sonatas for pianoforte alone, many Robespierre | | others with accompaniments, fugues, guillotined | | studies (Gradus ad Parnassum), (1794). | | symphonies. Also an instruction book | | for the pianoforte. Netherlandish | | Painters:-- | | Van Os, Vanloo, | | Clementi and Beethoven, by their Van Spaendonk, | | compositions for the pianoforte, Scheffer, | | especially promoted the perfecting and Pienemann, | | the popularity of the pianoforte. Hodges, Kuipers, | | Ommegang, | | Viotti (Giovanni Battista), born Wonder, | | 1753 at Piedmont, died 1824. etc. | | Violinist, and founder of a new school | | of violin-playing. Many concertos and French Painters:-- | | other instrumental compositions. Joseph Vernet | | (1714-1789), | | Greuze, Vien, | | Cimarosa (Domenico), born 1754 at David, Isabey, | | Naples, died 1801. Composed 75 Drouais, Gerard, | | Operas, a Requiem, Masses, etc. Gros, Ingres, | | Regnauld, | | Dalayrac (Nicolas), born 1753 in Guerin, Horace | | Languedoc, France, died 1809. Composed Vernet (born | | 56 Operas. 1789), etc. | | | | Shield (William), born 1754 in Denmark sets the | | London, died 1829. Composed Operas, example of | | canzonets, instrumental trios. Author abolishing the | | of a Treatise on Harmony. slave trade | | (1791). | | Storace (Stephan), born 1763 in | | London, of Italian origin, died 1796. France abolishes | | Composed 14 Operas with English words. slavery in her | | colonies (1794). | | Gerber (Ernst Ludwig), born 1746 in | | Saxony, died 1819. Author of two Abolition of the | | biographical Dictionaries of slave trade by | | Musicians, and of some books of the English | | instruction on music. Parliament | | (1807). | | Schulz (Johann Peter), born 1747 at | | Lüneburg, in Germany, died 1800. Vaccination is | | Several Operas, Oratorios, choruses, introduced by Dr. | | etc. Jenner (1796). | | | | Lithography is | | Neefe (Christian), born 1748 in invented by | | Saxony, died 1798. Composed 10 Alois Sennefelder | | Operas. Teacher of Beethoven, in (1796). | | Bonn. | | Hahnemann, | | Stadler (Maximilian), Abbé, born founder of | | 1748 in Austria, died 1833. An Homoeopathy | | Oratorio, Masses, psalms, and other (1796). | | sacred vocal music, compositions for | | the organ and the pianoforte. In the year 1792 | | the French | | nation adopted | | Vogler (Georg Joseph), Abbé, born a new Calendar | | 1749 at Würzburg, in Germany, died founded on | | 1814. Composed 5 Operas, several philosophical | | Masses, many other sacred principles. It | | compositions, symphonies, organ remained in | | pieces, etc. Author of several use until the | | theoretical works on music. end of the year | | 1805, when the | | Gregorian | | Forkel (Johann Nikolaus), born 1749 mode of calculation | | at Coburg, in Germany, died 1818. was restored | | Wrote a History of Music, and several at the | | other musical treatises. instance of Napoleon. | | The | | Koch (Heinrich Christoph), born public feasts or | | 1749 at Rudolstadt, Germany, died "Sansculottides," | | 1816. Instruction books on harmony, fixed in | | and a Musical Dictionary. the Revolutionary | | Calendar, | | Kauer (Ferdinand), born 1751 in were dedicated | | Moravia, died 1831. Above 200 Operas to Les Vertus, | | of a light and popular character. Sept. 17; Le | | Génie, Sept. | | 18; Le Travail, | | Reichardt (Johann Friedrich), born Sept. 19; | | 1752 at Königsberg, in Prussia, died L'Opinion, | | 1814. Composed 30 Operas, some Sept. 20; Les | | Oratorios, hymns, secular songs. Recompenses, | | Author of several Treatises on Music, Sept. 21. | | etc. | | Revolution in Poland: | | Knecht (Justin Heinrich), born 1752 Kosciusko, | | at Bieberich, in Germany, died 1817. in the beginning | | Masses, cantatas, and other sacred successful, | | music, and an instruction book on is later | | harmony. defeated. Suwarrow | | storms | | Warsaw (1794). | | Türk (Daniel Gottlieb), born 1756 in | | Saxony, died 1813. An Oratorio, The third division | | motetts, many pieces for the of Poland between | | clavichord and the pianoforte, a Russia, | | Treatise on Thorough-bass, etc. Austria, and | | Prussia (1795). | | | | MOZART (WOLFGANG AMADEUS), La Place, | | born 1756 at Salzburg, died 1791. mathematician and | | Composed 6 great Operas with Italian astronomer (1796). | | words, 2 great Operas with German Stereotyping invented | | words, 8 earlier Italian Operas, 2 by Ambrose | | German Operettas, several cantatas, a Didot, of | | Requiem, many Masses, graduales, Paris (1797). | | offertories, hymns, a Te Deum, and | | other sacred compositions, about 33 Frederick William | | symphonies, 23 pianoforte concertos, III., King | | some concertos for other instruments, of Prussia | | 6 violin quintetts, 26 violin (1797). | | quartetts, 31 pianoforte sonatas with | | and without accompaniments, many other Buonaparte in | | instrumental compositions, many songs, Egypt and | | etc. Syria (1798). | | | | Buonaparte, in | | France, is declared | | First | | Consul (1799). | | | | The English take | 1800 | Mozart composed, in 1780, the Opera possession of | | 'Idomeneo' for Munich; in 1781, 'Die most of the | | Entführung aus dem Serail' (his first French and | | Opera with German words) for Vienna; Dutch dominions | | in 1785, 'Le Nozze de Figaro' for in America | | Vienna; in 1787, 'Don Giovanni' for (1803). | | Prague; in 1790, 'Cosi Fan Tutte' for | | Vienna; in 1791, 'La Clemenza di Tito' Napoleon, Emperor | | for Prague, and 'Die Zauberflöte' (his of France | | second Opera with German words) for (1804). | | Vienna. In the same year, 1791, he | | wrote also his Requiem. Kant, philosopher | | (1724-1804). | | | | Death of Nelson | | (1805). | | | | Death of Pitt | | Righini (Vincenzo), born 1756 at (1806). | | Bologna, died 1812. Composer of 20 | | Operas, several Masses and other Wieland (1733-1813). | | sacred music. | | Napoleon arrives | | at Elba | | CHERUBINI (LUIGI), born 1760 at (1814). | | Florence, died 1842. Composer of | | 29 Operas, some ballets, 4 great Napoleon defeated | | Masses, 2 Requiems, many other sacred at Waterloo | | pieces, violin quartetts and other (1815). | | instrumental music. Author of a | | Treatise on Musical Composition. The "Holy Alliance" | | concluded | | at Paris | | (1815). | | | | The Jesuits expelled | | Gervasoni (Carlo), born 1762 at from | | Milan, died 1819. Instruction books Russia (1816). | | and historical Treatises on Music. | | The foreign | | troops evacuate | | Mayer (Simon), born 1763 in Bavaria, France | | died 1845. From his early youth lived (1818). | | in Italy. Composer of 77 Operas, many | | Oratorios, Masses, psalms, and other Death of Marshal | | sacred music. Blücher, | | aged 77 (1819). | | | | Captain Ross | | MEHUL (ETIENNE HENRI), born 1763 makes a voyage | | at Givet, died 1817. Composed 42 of Discovery | | Operas, many hymns, cantatas, etc. in the | | Polar Sea | | Lesueur (Jean François), born 1764 (1818). | | at Abbeville, died 1837. Composed 10 | | Operas, 33 Oratorios, several Masses Klopstock (1724-1803). | | and motetts. | | Herder (1744-1803). | | Rouget de Lille (Claude Joseph), | | born 1760 at Lons-le-Saulnier, died Winsor, a German, | | 1836. Composer of romances, and of obtains in | | the Marseillaise. England a patent | | as the inventor | | of gas | | Attwood (Thomas), born 1767 in for the purpose | | England. Many Operas and sacred of illumination. | | compositions. He makes his | | first experiment | | Winter (Peter von), born 1755 at at the Lyceum | | Mannheim in Germany, died 1825. in the | | Above 30 Operas, many Ballets, Strand (1804). | | Oratorios, Masses, motetts, hymns, | | cantatas, etc. Schiller (1759-1805). | | | | Schiller's 'The | | Pleyel (Jgnaz), born 1757 near Robbers' appeared | | Vienna, died 1831. Composed 29 in 1781; | | symphonies, many violin-quartetts, Don Carlos, | | pianoforte-sonatas, etc. about 1785; | | Wallenstein, | | Preindl (Joseph), born 1758 in 1799; Maria | | Austria, died 1823. Many Masses, a Stuart, 1800; | | Requiem, and other church music. William Tell, | | Instruction books for thorough-bass, 1804. | | for singing, etc. | | Painters:--David, | | Fuseli, G. F. | | Zelter (Carl Friedrich), born 1758 Morland, Stothard, | | in Berlin, died 1832. Many vocal Benjamin | | compositions, and some literary West, Northcote, | | productions. Zelter founded, in 1808, etc. | | the first German Liedertafel, or | | society of male singers. Similar Actors:--J. P. | | societies have subsequently become Kemble, Mrs. | | popular in Germany and other Siddons, Talma. | | countries. | | First meeting of | | the Imperial | | Parliament of | | Zumsteeg (Johann Rudolph), born Great Britain | | 1760 at Sachsenflur, in Germany, died and Ireland | | 1802. Composed 8 Operas, many (1801). | | ballads, and other vocal music. | | Jefferson, President | | of the | | Dussek (Johann Ludwig), born 1761 United States | | in Bohemia, died 1812. Pianist and (1801). | | composer for his instrument. Wrote Institution of the | | 13 concertos, 53 sonatas, several Legion of | | piano-forte-quartetts, etc. Also an Honour in | | Opera. France (1802). | | | | Kunzen (Friedrich), born 1761 at Men of Science | | Lübeck, died 1817. Composed 9 Operas born about this | | (8 of which are with Danish words, and time:-- | | one is with German words), 3 | | Oratorios, several cantatas, and other Sir D. Brewster, | | sacred music. philosopher, | | born 1781. | | Gyrowetz (Adalbert), born 1763 in | | Bohemia, died 1850. Above 30 Operas, G. B. Airy, astronomer,| | many Ballets and Entr'actes, sacred born | | vocal music, many symphonies, 1801. | | quartetts, pianoforte compositions, | | songs, etc. Baron Liebig, | | chemist, born | | Steibelt (Daniel), born about 1764 1803. | | at Berlin, died 1823. Pianist. | | Composed 6 pianoforte concertos, 46 R. Owen, comparative | | solo sonatas and many other anatomist, | | compositions for the pianoforte, born 1804. | | studies for the pianoforte, and an | | instruction book for that instrument; Brassey, engineer, | | also 4 Operas. born 1805. | | | | Lesseps, French | | engineer, born | | 1806. | | | | J. Stuart Mill, | | philosopher, | | born 1807. | | | | Longfellow, | | American poet, | | born 1807. | | | | Lyon Playfair, | 1810 | Paer (Ferdinando), born 1771 at chemist, born | | Parma, died 1839. Composer of 51 1819. | | Operas, 11 cantatas, and other vocal | | music. J. Tyndal, chemist, | | born 1820. | | Berton (Henri Montan), born 1767 | | in Paris, died 1844. About 50 Operas, Death of Sheridan | | several Oratorios, cantatas, and (1816). | | Treatises on the Theory of Music. | | | | Baillot (Pierre), born 1771 at Iffland, German | | Passy, died 1842. Violinist. Concertos actor and dramatic | | and other compositions for the violin, writer | | an instruction book for the violin, (1759-1814). | | etc. | | | | Choron (Alexandre Etienne), born Thorwaldsen, | | 1772 at Caën, died 1834. Many Danish sculptor | | theoretical works. A Musical (1770-1844). | | Dictionary. | | | | Catel (Charles Simon), born 1773 at Béranger, French | | L'Aigle, died 1830. Composed 10 poet (1780-1857). | | Operas, many instrumental and vocal | | pieces. Author of a Treatise on Arago, French | | Harmony, etc. Savant (1786-1835). | | | | Rode (Pierre), born 1774 at C. Babbage, | | Bordeaux, died 1830. Violinist. Many philosophical | | concertos, quartetts, and other mechanist | | compositions. (1792-1871). | | | | Cramer (John Baptiste), born 1771 at Sir Charles Lyell, | | Mannheim, in Germany, but living from geologist | | early childhood in England, died 1858. (1797-1875). | | Pianist. Pianoforte studies, 105 solo | | sonatas, and 7 concertos for the Statesmen born | | pianoforte. Also a pianoforte school, about this time: | | etc. Gladstone born | | 1809. | | Weigl (Joseph), born 1766 at | | Eisenstadt, in Hungary, died 1846. | | About 30 Operas, 14 ballets, 21 Baron Beust, | | Oratorios and cantatas, 10 Masses, and born 1809. | | other sacred music. | | Bismarck-Schönhausen, | | Weber (Bernhard Anselm), born 1766 born 1813. | | at Mannheim, died 1821. Several | | Operas, melodramas, and Entr'actes. Count Cavour, | | born 1810. | | Romberg (Andreas), born 1767 in | | Vechte, near Münster, in Germany, died Cobden, born 1804. | | 1821. Composed 7 Operas, a Te Deum, | | psalms and other sacred compositions, John Bright, born | | many symphonies and other instrumental 1811. | | music, secular songs, etc. | | | | Romberg (Bernhard), brother of Sculptors born | | Andreas Romberg, born 1770 near about this time:-- | | Münster in Germany, died 1841. | | Violoncellist. Composed 3 Operas, many Marochetti, born | | concertos and other pieces for the 1805. | | violoncello, quartetts, etc. | | | | Müller (Wenzel), born 1767 in Kiss, born 1802. | | Moravia, died 1835. Above 200 Operas | | of a light popular character, Powers, born 1805. | | pantomimes, etc. | | | | Nägeli (Johann Georg), born 1773 The Jesuits are | | near Zurich, in Switzerland, died expelled from | | 1836. Promoter of popular singing Prussia (1817). | | societies, composer of vocal music, | | and author of instruction books on The Mahratta | | singing, etc. war in Hindustan. | | | | Steam applied to | | printing in the | | _Times_ office | | (1814). | | | | The Marquess of | | Hastings renders | | British | | influence universal | | in India (1817). | | | | The Island of | | Singapore is formed | | into a British | | BEETHOVEN (LUDWIG VAN), born settlement by Sir | | 1770 at Bonn, died 1827. An Opera, Stamford Raffles | | 2 dramas with music, a melodrama, (1818). | | several single dramatic choruses and Reunion of the | | songs, an Oratorio, 2 Masses, 9 Lutheran and | | symphonies, 11 overtures, a septett, 7 other reformed | | concertos for pianoforte, a violin forms of worship | | concerto, 2 violin quintetts, 17 in several | | violin quartetts, 5 violin trios, 35 parts of Germany | | solo sonatas for the pianoforte, 10 (1818). | | sonatas for pianoforte and violin, 6 | | sonatas for pianoforte and Voyage to the | | violoncello, 7 trios for pianoforte, Polar Sea by | | violin, and violoncello, a pianoforte Parry (1819). | | quintett, a great many other | | pianoforte compositions, cantatas, Parry undertakes | | songs with pianoforte accompaniment, another voyage | | etc. to reach | | the North Pole | | In 1793 Beethoven came to Vienna as (1820). | | Virtuoso on the pianoforte, and | | distinguished himself by his | | improvisations; in 1795 he published George IV., King | | his first important work, the three of Great | | pianoforte trios, Op. 1; in 1799 Britain, son of | | appeared his first symphony; in 1804 George III. | | his Opera 'Leonore' (Fidelio); in 1809 (1820). | | his symphony in C Minor and his | | pastoral symphony; in 1814 his A Major Guizot, French | | symphony; in 1818 his ninth symphony. statesman and | | historian | | Reicha (Anton), born 1770 at Prague, (1787-1874). | | died 1836. Four Operas, symphonies, | | quartetts, sonatas, etc., and several Revolution in | | Treatises on Harmony and Composition. Spain; King | | Ferdinand VII. | | Tomaschek (Johann Wenzel), born swears to the | | 1774 in Bohemia, died 1850. An Opera, constitution of | | several cantatas, a Requiem, a Te the Cortes (1820). | | Deum, Masses, and other sacred | | compositions, secular songs, Mexico separates | | symphonies, quartetts, pianoforte from Spain | | pieces. (1820). | | | | Kiesewetter (Raphael Georg), born | | 1773 in Moravia, died 1850. Many Insurrection in | | dissertations relating to the history Portugal (1820). | | of music. | | | | Weyse (Christoph Ernst Friedrich), Revolution in | | born 1774 at Altona, in Germany, died the Brazils; | | 1842. Several Operas with Danish King John VI. | | words, symphonies, sonatas and other returns to Portugal, | | instrumental pieces. He lived in and his | | Copenhagen. son, Dom Pedro, | | is made | | Regent of the | | Brazils (1820). | | | | Peru declares herself | | independent (1820). | | | | | 1820 | Baini (Giuseppe), Abbate, born 1775 Napoleon dies at | | at Rome, died 1844. Many sacred St. Helena | | compositions and historical Treatises (1821). | | on Music. Author of the 'Life of | | Palestrina.' Union of the | | Greeks in one | | Generali (Pietro), born 1783 in confederate | | Piedmont, died 1832. About 50 Operas. state (1822). | | | | Paganini (Nicolo), born 1784 at Dr. T. Young, | | Genoa, died 1840. Violinist. Concertos natural | | and other compositions for his philosopher, and | | instrument. discoverer of | | the hieroglyphic | | Spontini (Gasparo), born 1784 at alphabet. | | Rome, died 1851. Composer of about | | 26 Operas. | | Sir Humphry | | Isouard (Nicolo), born 1775 in Davy, chemist, | | Malta, died 1818. Composed 42 Operas, inventor of the | | several Masses, cantatas, etc. safety-lamp, | | etc. | | Boieldieu (François Adrien), born | | 1775 at Rouen, died 1834. Composed Macadam, improver | | 23 Operas. of | | roads. | | Lafont (Charles Philippe), born 1781 | | in Paris, died 1839. Violinist. Many Francis Douce, | | compositions for the violin, and many antiquarian. | | romances. | | Cuvier, naturalist. | | Onslow (Georges), born 1784 at | | Clermont, in France, died 1852. Channing | | Composed 3 Operas, several symphonies, (Unitarian | | many violin quintetts, quartetts, Preacher), Sir | | trios, 2 pianoforte sextetts, and R. Phillips, W. | | other pianoforte music. Hazlitt, | | Charles | | Auber (Daniel François Esprit), born Lamb, miscellaneous | | 1782 at Caën, in France, died 1871. writers. | | Above 30 Operas. | | P. B. Shelley, | | Fétis (François Joseph), born 1784 James Hogg | | at Mons, in Belgium, died 1872. (the "Ettrick | | Dictionary of Musicians, historical Shepherd"), | | Treatises on Music, etc. Reginald | | Heber, Robert | | Castil-Blaze (François Henri Southey, Sir | | Joseph), born 1784 at Cavaillon, in Walter Scott, | | France, died 1857. Several Treatises poets. | | on Music, a Musical Dictionary, etc. | | Charles X., King | | Bishop (Henry Rowley), born 1782 of France | | in London, died 1855. Composed 63 (1824). | | Operas and other dramatic pieces, | | songs, etc. | | Burmese war. | | Field (John), born 1782 at Dublin, Capture of | | died 1837 at Moscow. Pianist. Pupil Rangoon by | | of Clementi. Pianoforte concertos, the British | | notturnos, etc. (1824). | | | | Hummel (Johann Nepomuk), born Denham and | | 1778 at Pressburg, died 1837. Pianist. Clapperton's | | Composed 5 Operas, several ballets, 2 exploring | | cantatas, many pianoforte concertos, expedition to | | trios, sonatas, 2 pianoforte septetts, Central Africa | | etc. Also a pianoforte school. (1824). | | | | Neukomm (Sigismund), born 1778 at Bowdich, on an | | Salzburg, died 1858. Pupil of J. expedition to | | Haydn. Composed 10 Operas, many explore the | | cantatas, 7 Oratorios, 15 Masses, many interior of Africa, | | psalms, symphonies, quartetts, died at | | sonatas, etc. the mouth of | | the Gambia | | Logier (Johann Bernhard), born 1777 (1824). | | at Kaiserslautern, in Germany, died | | 1846. A new method of teaching the | | pianoforte and the Theory of Music. Death of Lord | | Byron (1824). | | Diabelli (Anton), born 1781, near | | Salzburg, died 1858. Many Masses Nicholas I., Emperor | | and other Church music, pianoforte of Russia | | compositions and songs. (1825). | | | | Kreutzer (Conradin), born 1782 at Death of John | | Möskirch, in Germany, died 1849. VI., King of | | Composed 24 Operas, an Oratorio, Portugal (1826). | | several Masses and other Church | | music, many instrumental pieces and Don Pedro I., | | songs. Emperor of | | Brazil, son of | | Spohr (Louis), born 1784 at John VI., | | Brunswick, in Germany, died 1859. renounces the | | Violinist. Composed 8 Operas, several Portuguese | | Oratorios, psalms, and other sacred crown in favour | | music, symphonies, many violin of his daughter, | | quartetts, quintetts, concertos, Maria da Gloria, | | and other compositions for the violin, aged seven | | etc. Also a violin school. years. The Infanta | | Isabella | | Ries (Ferdinand), born 1784 at governs as Regent | | Bonn, died 1838. Pupil of Beethoven. till the | | Pianist. Composed 2 Operas, some year 1828 | | sacred and secular vocal music, (1826). | | pianoforte concertos, quartetts, | | trios, sonatas, etc. Canova, Sculptor | | ( 1757-1822). | | | | Charles X. expelled | | from | | France, retires | | to England in | | the year 1830. | | | | Jean Paul, Friedrich | | Kalkbrenner (Friedrich), born 1784 Richter | | at Cassel, in Germany, died 1849. (1763-1825). | | Pianist. Many pianoforte compositions, | | and a pianoforte school. | | First Steam Voyage | | Kuhlau (Friedrich), born 1786 at to India, | | Uelzen, in Germany, died 1832, in by Captain | | Denmark. Composed 5 Operas with Johnston in the | | Danish words, and many compositions 'Enterprise' | | for the flute, the pianoforte, and for (1825). | | other instruments. | | Athens, besieged | | WEBER (CARL MARIA VON), born by the Turks, | | 1786 at Eutin, in Germany, died 1826, is forced to | | in London. Composed 8 Operas, several surrender (1826). | | dramatic scenes, Masses, hymns, | | overtures, pianoforte concertos, Russia at war | | clarionet concertos, pianoforte with Persia | | sonatas, songs, etc. (1827). | | | | In 1821, first performance of 'Der Russia makes | | Freischütz' at Berlin; in 1823, peace with | | 'Euryanthe' at Vienna; in 1826, Persia and | | 'Oberon' in London. increases her | | possessions in | | Fesca (Friedrich Ernst), born 1789 the south | | at Magdeburg, died 1826. Some Operas, (1828). | | many psalms and other sacred music, | | symphonies, quintetts, many quartetts, Russia at war | | etc. with Turkey | | (1828). | | Schneider (Johann Christian | | Friedrich), born 1786 in Saxony, died The Turks are | | 1858. About 9 Oratorios, several conquered by | | Masses, hymns, cantatas, instrumental the Russian | | compositions, songs, etc. General Diebitch | | (1829). | | SCHUBERT (FRANZ), born 1797 in | | Vienna, died 1828. Several Operas, Turkey acknowledges | | Masses and other Church music, the independence | | symphonies, quartetts, trios, and of | | other instrumental pieces, sonatas, Greece (1829). | | fantasias, etc. for the pianoforte, a | | great many songs with pianoforte | | accompaniment. | | Charles X., King | 1830 | Carafa (Michele), born 1785 at of France, deposed | | Naples, died 1872. About 30 Operas. (1830). | | | | Göthe (1749-1832). | | ROSSINI (GIOACHINO ANTONIO), born | | 1792 at Pesaro, died 1868. About 40 William IV., King | | Operas, a Stabat Mater, some other of Great Britain, | | sacred vocal music, several secular brother of | | cantatas, orchestral pieces, etc. George IV. | | (1830). | | Bellini (Vincenzo), born 1802 at | | Catania, in Sicily, died 1835. Louis-Phillipe, | | Composed 10 Operas, some sacred music, King of France | | symphonies, overtures, etc. (1830). | | | | Herold (Louis), born 1791 in Paris, Cholera Morbus, | | died 1833. Composed 16 Operas and its first appearance | | several ballets. in England | | (1831). | | Lindpaintner (Peter Joseph), born | | 1791 at Coblenz, died 1856. About 25 Death of Sir | | Operas, 9 ballets, Oratorios, Masses, Walter Scott (1832). | | motetts, symphonies, etc. | | Slavery abolished | | Mayseder (Joseph), born 1789 in throughout the | | Vienna, died 1863. Many compositions British Colonies | | for violin, quintetts, quartetts, (1834). | | pianoforte trios, sonatas, etc.; also | | a Mass. | | Wilhelm von | | Moscheles (Ignaz), born 1794 at Humboldt, philologist | | Prague, died 1870. Pianist. Many (1767-1835). | | pianoforte compositions; also some | | symphonies, etc. Alexander von | | Humboldt, naturalist | | Klein (Bernhard), born 1794 at (1769-1859). | | Cologne, died 1832. About 3 Operas, | | 4 Oratorios, a Stabat Mater, and other Edmund Kean, | | sacred music. English actor | | (1787-1833). | | | | Meyerbeer (Jacob), born 1794 in The first great | | Berlin, died 1864. Composed 16 Operas, English railway | | an Oratorio, a Stabat Mater, a Te by steam | | Deum, a Miserere, many psalms and engines is the | | other sacred music, secular songs, Liverpool and | | etc. Manchester Railway, | | Czerny (Carl), born 1791 in Vienna, opened in 1830. | | died 1857. Many Pianoforte pieces; | | also Masses, Te Deums, and other Queen Victoria born | | sacred music; theoretical works. in 1819, ascends the | | throne (1837). | | | | Marriage of | 1840 | Hauptmann (Moritz), born 1794 at Queen Victoria | | Dresden, died 1868. Several sacred with Prince Albert | | compositions, quartetts, sonatas, of Saxe-Coburg | | secular songs, and theoretical works. (1840). | | | | Pacini (Giovanni), born 1796 at | | Syracuse, died 1867. Composed 34 | | Operas. | | Prince of Wales | | Donizetti (Gaetano), born 1797 at born (1841). | | Bergamo, died 1848. Above 70 Operas, | | a Miserere, and other sacred music, Frederick William | | many romances and other songs. IV., King | | of Prussia | | (1840). | | | | Mercadante (Saverio), born 1797 at Pius IX., Pope | | Altamura, in Italy, died 1870. Above (1846). | | 30 Operas. | | G. C. Prichard, | | Panseron (Auguste), born 1796 in English ethnologist | | Paris, died 1859. Some Operas, a (1786-1848). | | Requiem, 3 Masses, other sacred music, | | many romances, an instruction book Revolution in | | on singing, etc. France (1848). | | | | Halévy (Jacques), born 1799 in The Monarchy | | Paris, died 1862. Above 20 Operas. abolished in | | France. | | Marschner (Heinrich), born 1795 at | | Zittau, in Saxony, died 1861. Many Louis-Phillipe, | | Operas, Masses, secular songs, etc. King of France, | | deposed (1848). | | Reissiger (Carl), born 1789 near He dies in | | Wittemberg, in Germany, died 1859. exile, in England | | Ten Operas, many Masses, symphonies, (1850). | | quartetts, pianoforte trios, songs, | | etc. | | New Republic in | | Marx (Adolph Bernhard), born 1799 France. Louis | | at Halle, died 1866. Two Oratorios and Napoleon | | some other compositions; a work on Charles Buonaparte | | musical composition, and several other (son of | | treatises on music. Louis Buonaparte, | | for a | | Lvoff (Alexis), born 1799 at Reval, short time King | | died 1870. Violinist. Composer of the of Holland, and | | Russian National Hymn, and of other nephew of Napoleon | | music. I.) is | | elected President | | Löwe (Johann Carl), born 1796 near of the Republic | | Halle, died 1869. Many ballads and (1848). | | other songs, also several Operas, | | Oratorios, and pianoforte | | compositions. | | Botta & Layard | 1850 | Beriot (Charles Auguste de), born excavate the | | 1802, at Louvain, died 1870. Assyrian | | Violinist. Concertos and other mounds (about | | compositions for the violin. A violin 1840-1850). | | school. | | | | Berlioz (Hector), born 1803, at La Death of Wordsworth | | Côte Saint-André, in France, died (1850). | | 1869. Requiem, symphonies, overtures, | | other orchestral works with and Great Exhibition | | without vocal music. A Treatise on in London | | Instrumentation, and many Musical projected by | | Essays. Prince Albert | | (1851). | | | | Death of the Duke | | Mendelssohn-Bartholdy (Felix), born of Wellington | | 1809 at Hamburg, died 1847. Composed (1852). | | two Oratorios, other sacred | | compositions, 2 Operas, other dramatic The Prince President | | music, symphonies, overtures, ottett, of the | | quintetts, quartetts, etc., organ French Republic | | compositions, pianoforte concertos, is declared | | sonatas, etc., 'Songs without Words' Emperor of the | | for the pianoforte, secular songs for French and assumes | | a single voice, and for several the title | | voices, etc. of Napoleon | | III. (1852). | | | | Historians:--Thos. | | Chopin (Frederic François), born Carlyle, | | 1810 near Warsaw, died 1849, in Paris. Macaulay, Guizot, | | Pianist. Many pianoforte compositions, Thiers, Rotteck, | | studies, etc. etc. | | | | Painters: Rosa | | Schumann (Robert), born 1810 at Bonheur, | | Zwickau, in Saxony, died 1856. Operas, Cooper, Landseer, | | symphonies, quartetts, etc. Pianoforte Millais, | | compositions, songs. Essays on W. von Kaulbach, | | Music. etc. | | | | Thalberg (Sigismund), born 1812 at Novelists: Chas. | | Geneva, died 1871. Pianist. Dickens, W. | | Compositions for the pianoforte, M. Thackeray, | | mostly on themes of other composers. Lytton Bulwer, | | Also two Operas, etc. George Eliot, | | (Mrs. Lewis), | | Bennett (William Sterndale), born Victor Hugo, | | 1816 at Sheffield, died 1875. Some Alexandre Dumas, | | sacred compositions, overtures, etc. | | pianoforte music, songs, etc. | | Michael Faraday, | | chemist. | | | | Charles Darwin, | | During the first half of the present philosopher | | century great progress in the and naturalist. | | construction of musical instruments, | | especially of wind instruments. Helmholtz, German | | philosopher | | Innumerable celebrated pianists, and writer | | violinists, flutists, etc. on acoustics. | | Important discoveries.| | Celebrated female singers: Catalani, | | Malibran, Grisi, Persiani, Pasta, Alfred Tennyson, | | Pauline Viardot, Henriette Sontag, Poet Laureate. | | Sophie Löwe, etc. | | Livingstone, | | Celebrated male singers: Lablache, African traveller. | | Rubini, Tamburini, Braham, Wild, | | etc. Bismarck, German | | statesman. | | Monster Concerts. | | Moltke, German | | Attempt of a reform of the Opera. General. | | | | Great progress in | | There are among our living musicians sciences relating | | so many celebrated ones that it would to natural | | really be difficult to make a philosophy, and | | satisfactory selection of them for in practical | | incorporation into a concise arts. Gradual | | Chronology. Fortunately, the plan dying out of | | adopted in the compilation, as many old | | previously explained, renders this superstitions and | | delicate task unnecessary. prejudices. | | However, in | | As standard works on the history of some countries | | music, easily accessible, may be attempts to return | | recommended the treatises by Forkel, to a Mediæval | | Kiesewetter, Bellermann, Ambros, state of | | Burney, Hawkins, Fétis, and civilization. | | Coussemaker.