Music Notation and Terminology

1. Note. 2, 3. Rules for turning stems. 4. Use of cross-stroke. 5. Rest. 6. G Clef. 7. F Clef and C Clef. 8. Sharp and double-sharp. 9. Flat, double-flat and natural. 10. Tie. 1...

12. Staff and Great Staff. 13. Leger Lines. 14. Staff degrees. 15. Clef. 16. Treble and bass Clefs. 17. Movable C Clef. 18. Sharp. 19. Flat. 20. Double-sharp and double-flat.

21. Natural 22, 23. Key-signature; how determine whether a major or minor key. 24, 25. Accidentals; with tie across bar. 26. Rules concerning altered staff degrees. 27. Enharmon...

49-51. Dots after notes. 52. Dots over or under notes. 53. Dash over note. 54. Tie. 55. Slur. 56. Slur or tie with dots. 57. Dash over note. 58. Dash and dot over note. 59. Acce...

84. Minor diatonic. 85. Original form. 86. Harmonic minor. 87. Melodic minor. 88. Eleven positions. 89. Relative minor. 90. Tonic minor. 91. Diatonic scale names. 92. Syllable-n...

97. Definition.--Two essential characteristics. Rhythm vers measure. 98. Syncopation. 99. Simple and compound measures. 100. Commonest varieties. 101. Other varieties. 102. Rare...

104. Misuses of the word "time." 105-107. How to correct these: by substituting "rhythm," "measure," and "tempo." 108. Three ways of finding the correct tempo. 109. A convenient...

132. Definition of form. 133. Basis of form. 134. Difference between form and style. 135. Introductory. 136. Two styles. 137. Monophonic music. 138. Polyphonic music. 139. Count...

144. Phrase-section. 145. Period. Antecedent. Consequent. 146. Primary forms. 147. Theme. 148. Thematic development. 149. Rondo. 150. Suite. 151. Dances in suite. 152. Scherzo....

161. Anthem. 162. A capella. 163. Motet. 164. Choral. 165. Mass. 166. Cantata. 167. Oratorio. 168. Opera. 169. Libretto. 170. Recitative. 171. Aria. 172. Lied. 173. Ballad. 174....

178. The four elements of music. 179. Rhythm. 180. Melody. 181. Harmony. 182. Timbre. 183. Interval--harmonic and melodic. 184. Number name and specific name. 185. Prime. 186. S...

196. Chord. Triad. Root. 197. Major, minor, diminished, augmented triads. 198. The Common chords. 199. Fundamental position. First inversion. Second inversion. 200. Figured bass...

APPENDIX B.--Musical Instruments 112 1. Two classes. 2. Piano. 3, 4. Organ, reed and pipe. 5. Instruments used for ensemble playing. 6. Band. 7. Orchestra. 8. The stringed instr...

1. The _note_ (from _nota_--Latin--a mark or sign) consists of either one, two, or three parts, ([Illustration]) these being referred to respectively as head, stem, and hook. Th...

12. A _staff_ is a collection of parallel lines, together with the spaces belonging to them. The modern staff has five lines and six spaces, these being ordinarily referred to a...

21. The _natural_[8] (sometimes called _cancel_) annuls the effect of previous sharps, flats, double-sharps, and double-flats, within the measure in which it occurs. After a dou...

36. A _double bar_ (or single heavy bar) with either two or four dots indicates that a section is to be repeated. If the repeat marks occur at only one point the entire precedin...

49. _A dot after a note_ shows that the value of the note is to be half again as great as it would be without the dot, _i.e._, the value is to be three-halves that of the origin...

64. _Embellishments (or graces) (Fr. agréments_) are ornamental tones, either represented in full in the score or indicated by certain signs. The following are the embellishment...

76. A _scale_ (from _scala_, a Latin word meaning _ladder_; Ger. _Ton-leiter_) is an ascending or descending series of tones, progressing according to some definite system, and...

84. The _minor diatonic scale_ is used in several slightly different forms, but the characteristic interval between the first and third tones (which differentiates it from the m...

97. From the standpoint of the eye, a _measure_ is that portion of the staff found between two bars, (in certain cases this space may be less than a measure, as _e.g._, at the b...

To obviate the confusion naturally resulting from this three-fold and inexact use of the word, many teachers of music are adopting certain _changes in terminology_ as noted in S...

110. Innumerable combinations of the words defined in Sec. 109 with one another and with other words occur. Some of these combinations with their approximate meanings follow. Th...

120. The word _dynamics_ (cf. dynamic--the opposite of static) as used in the nomenclature of music has to do with the various degrees of power (_i.e._, the comparative loudness...

132. A _form_ in music is a specific arrangement of the various parts of a composition resulting in a structure so characteristic that it is easily recognized by the ear. Thus _...

[Footnote 33: There is a very pronounced disagreement among theorists as to what terms are to be used in referring to certain forms and parts of forms and it seems impossible to...

161. An _anthem_ is a sacred choral composition, usually based on Biblical or liturgical[34] words. It may or may not have an instrumental accompaniment, and is usually written...

179. _Rhythm_ is the regular recurrence of accent. In music it is more specifically the regular recurrence of groups of accented and non-accented beats (or pulses)--according to...

196. A _chord_ is a combination of several tones sounding together and bearing an harmonic relation to each other. The simplest chord is the _triad_, which consists of a fundame...

The term _alla breve_ is also sometimes used as a tempo indication, to show a rate of speed so great that a half-note has a beat, _i.e._, only two beats in a measure--hence twic...

_Offertory_ (sometimes spelled _offertoire_, or _offertorium_)--a piece of music played or sung during the taking up of the offering in the church service. The word is often app...