Part 13

Table I (g)

STREET CLEANING IN AMERICAN CITIES (Continued)

─────────────┬──────────────────┬──────────────┬───────────────── City │How is Efficiency │ System and │ Organization of │ of Employees │ Method of │ Street Cleaning │ Checked Up? │ Street │ Force │ │ Cleaning │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ─────────────┼──────────────────┼──────────────┼───────────────── Buffalo │Supervisor. │Residential, │ │ │ hand and │ │ │ machine │ │ │ sweeping; │ │ │ business, │ │ │ flushing and│ │ │ White Wings.│ Beacon │ │ │ Binghamton │ │Swept at │ │ │ night. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Cincinnati │Foreman’s field │Residential, │Foremen, drivers, │ reports. │ flushing │ helpers, broom- │ │ followed by │ men and White │ │ guttermen; │ Wings. │ │ business, │ │ │ flushing │ │ │ followed by │ │ │ White Wings.│ │ │ Flushing at │ │ │ night except│ │ │ in winter. │ │ │ Streets not │ │ │ flushed are │ │ │ broomed by │ │ │ gangs. │ Cambridge │None. │Residential, │ │ │ swept twice │ │ │ year; │ │ │ business, │ │ │ once a week.│ Chicago │Supervision by │Residential, │ │ ward │ block │ │ superintendent │ system; each│ │ and section │ man has │ │ foreman. │ section to │ │ │ clean. │ │ │ Business the│ │ │ same. │ Camden │ │ │ Columbus │ │ │ Cleveland │ │ │ Cortland │Complaints of │ │ │ residents. │ │ Dunkirk │ │ │ Denver │Supervision. │Residential, │ │ │ sweepers; │ │ │ business, │ │ │ White Wings │ │ │ and │ │ │ flushers. │ Elmira │ │Residential, │ │ │ day flushing│ │ │ and gang │ │ │ picking; │ │ │ business, │ │ │ night │ │ │ flushing and│ │ │ day patrol. │ Fall River │None. │Daily patrol │ │ │ in business │ │ │ section; │ │ │ scrap │ │ │ gutters in │ │ │ residential │ │ │ twice a │ │ │ year. │ Grand Rapids │ │ │ Hudson │ │ │ Jamestown │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Kansas City │Monthly, grades by│Residence, │In gangs under │ commissioner to │ winter, hand│ foreman and │ civil. │ sweeping; │ district │ │ summer, │ superintendent. │ │ flushing. │ │ │ Business, │ │ │ service. │ │ │ flush at │ │ │ night. │ Kingston │ │ │ Los Angeles │Thorough │Patrol system.│Five foremen in 5 │ supervision. │ │ districts. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Louisville │ │ │ Lowell │ │Residential, │Foreman, 8 men, │ │ patrol; │ two teams in │ │ business, │ residential. │ │ patrol and │ Foreman, 8 men, │ │ machine │ 2 teams, │ │ sweeping. │ machine sweeper │ │ │ and sprinkler. Lynn │By foreman. │ │ Lackawanna │Foreman. │Sweeper, │One gang for each │ │ sprinkler, │ ward. │ │ push brooms.│ Little Falls │ │ │7 sweepers with │ │ │ one street │ │ │ superintendent. Milwaukee │ │ │ Middletown │ │A section │ │ │ assigned to │ │ │ sweeper; │ │ │ flushed │ │ │ after hand │ │ │ sweeping. │ Mechanicville│None. │Hand sweeping.│One man on given │ │ │ beat. New York City│Officers. │Hand and │District │ │ machine │ superintendent, │ │ sweeping, │ section │ │ hose and │ foreman, │ │ machine │ assistant │ │ flushing, │ section │ │ squeegeeing,│ foreman, │ │ litter │ sweepers, │ │ picking. │ drivers. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ New Orleans │ │Smooth │ │ │ surfaces │ │ │ flushed │ │ │ daily. Hand │ │ │ broom men │ │ │ follow │ │ │ flushers. │ │ │ Business │ │ │ section │ │ │ cleaned at │ │ │ night by │ │ │ flushers and│ │ │ hand │ │ │ cleaning. │ New Bedford │ │ │ Newark │ │Ten districts.│ │ │ Number of │ │ │ men assigned│ │ │ to each │ │ │ according to│ │ │ size of │ │ │ district. │ Norwich │None. │Sweep to │Sweeper team, │ │ gutters, │ wagon team. │ │ shovel into │ │ │ piles and │ │ │ then into │ │ │ wagons. │ New Rochelle │Supervision of │By hand broom.│ │ Commissioner and│ │ │ time keeper. │ │ Niagara Falls│By 2 deputy │Residential, │ │ superintendents.│ sweeping; │ │ │ business, │ │ │ flushing. │ Newburgh │ │ │ Oakland │Patrolmen visited │Small gangs on│Gangs of 6 to 8 │ once or twice │ macadam, │ men under sub- │ daily by │ occasional │ foreman. │ foreman; │ flushing │ Directed by │ contract work │ after wet- │ district │ inspected daily.│ weather. │ superintendent │ │ Machine │ of streets on │ │ sweeping and│ macadam. Patrol │ │ patrol. │ and machine │ │ │ sweeping. Oswego │ │Pick-up │ │ │ sweeper, │ │ │ flushing and│ │ │ hand │ │ │ sweeping. │ Ogdensburg │By foremen. │Residential │ │ │ sprinkled │ │ │ and machine │ │ │ swept; │ │ │ business │ │ │ patrolled │ │ │ and flushed.│ Philadelphia │Inspectors │Blockmen │Machines followed │ supervised by │ assigned to │ by gangs and │ district │ sections by │ carts and │ engineers. │ chief of │ wagons, number │ │ bureau; │ depending on │ │ patrol duty.│ length of haul │ │ Inlets │ to dump, season │ │ cleaned, │ of the year and │ │ county roads│ traffic. │ │ cleaned. │ Providence │Foreman’s daily │Residential, │Residential, │ report of │ gangs; │ foreman, 17 men │ neglect of duty.│ business, │ and 10 single │ │ patrol. │ teams; │ │ │ business, │ │ │ patrol in │ │ │ charge of │ │ │ foreman. Rochester │ │Residential, │ │ │ gang and │ │ │ patrol; │ │ │ business, │ │ │ patrol. │ Rensselaer │ │ │ Reading │ │ │ Richmond │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ St. Louis │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ San Francisco│Time cards, trip │ │Residential, │ cards, │ │ gangs of │ efficiency cards│ │ foremen, 3 │ as to │ │ laborers and 2 │ attendance, │ │ teams each. │ sobriety and │ │ Business, │ obedience. │ │ blockmen, │ │ │ night-gangs of │ │ │ 2 foremen, 9 │ │ │ laborers and 8 │ │ │ double teams. Salt Lake │ │White Wings │ City │ │ and │ │ │ flushing. │ Springfield │Foreman calls on │Residential, │Individuals and │ each man several│ crosswalk │ gangs. │ times daily. │ sweepers, │ │ │ machine │ │ │ cleaning, │ │ │ gutter │ │ │ scraping. │ │ │ Business, │ │ │ squeegeeing,│ │ │ flushing, │ │ │ patrol. │ Seattle │Reports from │Residential, │Residential, │ foremen and │ flushing, │ under sub- │ district │ sweeping and│ foreman; │ foremen. │ patrol; │ business, under │ │ business, │ district │ │ flushing and│ foreman. │ │ patrol. │ Scranton │ │Business, hand│ │ │ and machine │ │ │ sweeping and│ │ │ flushing. │ │ │ Residential │ │ │ hand and │ │ │ machine │ │ │ sweeping. │ Troy │ │Smooth streets│ │ │ flushed, │ │ │ rough │ │ │ streets and │ │ │ brick, │ │ │ machine │ │ │ swept. │ │ │ Patrol. │ Utica │ │ │ Washington │Unit cost, │Residential, │Assistant │ conditions, │ machine and │ superintendent, │ observation. │ hand │ chief │ │ cleaning, │ inspector, │ │ squeegeeing,│ foremen, │ │ flushing, │ working force. │ │ oiling and │ │ │ sprinkling. │ │ │ Business, │ │ │ patrol, │ │ │ squeegeed or│ │ │ flushed. │ ─────────────┴──────────────────┴──────────────┴─────────────────