Part 5

At the hinder end of the Frame of the _Coffin_ are fastned either with strong Nails, Rivets, or rather Screws, two Iron _Half-Joynts_, as at _b b_, which having an Iron Pin of almost half an Inch over put through them, and two _Match-half-Joynts_ fastned on the Frame of the _Tympan_, these two _Match-half-Joynts_ moving upon the Iron Pin aforesaid, as on an _Axis_, keeps the _Tinpan_ so truly gaged, that it always falls down upon the _Form_ in the place, and so keeps _Register_ good, as shall further be shewed in proper place.

Behind the _Coffin_ is Nailed on to its outside, a Quarter, as at _c c_ this Quarter is about three Inches longer than the breadth of the _Coffin_, it hath all its sides two Inches over, and three of them square; but its upper-side is hollowed round to a Groove or Gutter an Inch and an half over. This Gutter is so Nailed on, that its hither end standing about an Inch higher than its further end, the Water that descends from the _Tympan_ falling into it is carried away on the farther side the _Coffin_ by the declivity of the farther end of the Gutter, and so keeps the Planck of the _Carriage_ neat and cleanly, and preserves it from rotting.

Parallel to the outer-sides of the hind part of the Planck of the _Carriage_, at three Inches distance from either side, is Nailed down on the upper-side of the Planck two Female-Duftail Grooves, into which is fitted (so as they may slide) two Male-Duftails made on the two Feet of the _Gallows_ (as at _d d_) that the _Tinpan_ rests upon; and by the sliding forward or backward of these Duftail Feet, the heighth of the _Tinpan_ is raised or depressed according to the Reason or Fancy of the _Press-man_.

At three Inches from the hinder Rail of the _Coffin_, in the middle, between both sides of the Planck, is cut an Hole four Inches square (as at _e e_) and upon the hither and farther side of this Hole is fastned down on each side a _Stud_ made of Wood (as at _f f_) and in the middle of these two _Studs_ is made a round Hole about half an Inch over, to receive the two round ends of an Iron Pin; which Iron Pin, though its ends be round, is through the middle of the Shank square, and upon that square is fitted a round _Wooden-Rowler_ or _Barrel_, with a Shoulder on either side it, to contain so much of the _Girt_ as shall be rowled upon it; And to one end of the _Rowler_ is fastned an Iron _Circle_ or _Wheel_, having on its edge _Teeth_ cut to stop against a _Clicker_, when the _Rowler_ with an Iron Pin is turned about to strain the _Girt_.

¶. 10. _Of the_ Tympan _and_ Inner-Tympan, _marked_ b _in_ Plate 7.

The _Tympan_ is a square Frame, three sides whereof are Wood, and the fourth Iron. Its width is one Foot eight Inches, its length two Foot two Inches; the breadth of the wooden Sides an Inch and an half, and the depth one Inch.

On its short Wooden-side, _viz._ its Hind-end, at the two Corners is Rivetted an Iron _Match-Joynt_, to be pinned on to another _Half-joynt_ fastned on the _Hind-Rail_ of the _Coffin_.

The other end, _viz._ the Fore-end of the _Tympan_ is made of Iron, with a square _Socket_ at either end for the Wooden ends of the _Tympan_ to fit and fasten into. This Iron is somewhat thinner and narrower than an ordinary Window-Casement.

Upon the outer edge of this Iron, about an Inch and an half off the ends of it, is made two Iron _Half-joynts_ to contain a Pin of about a quarter of an Inch over, which Pin entring this _half-joynt_, and a _match Half-joynt_ made upon the _Frisket_, serves for the _Frisket_ to move truly upon.

In the middle of each long _Rail_ of the _Tympan_, is made through the top and bottom an Hole half an Inch square, for the square Shanks of the _Point-Screws_ to fit into.

The like Holes are also made in the _Tympan_, at one third part of its length from the Fore-end or _Frisket-joynt_, to place the _Point Screws_ in; when a _Twelves_, _Eighteens_, &c. is wrought.

Into the Inner-side of this _Tympan_ is fitted the _Inner-Tympan_, whose three sides are also made of Wood, and its fourth side of Iron, as the _Tympan_, but without _joynts_; it is made so much shorter than the _Outer-Tympan_, that the outer edge of the Iron of the _Inner-Tympan_ may lye within the inner edge of the Iron on the _Outer-Tympan_; and it is made so much narrower than the inside of the _Tympan_, that a convenient room may be allowed to paste a _Vellom_ between the inside of the _Tympan_, and the outside of the _Inner-Tympan_.

About the middle, through the hither-side of the _Inner-Tympan_, is let in and fastned an Iron Pin about a quarter of an Inch over, and stands out three quarters of an Inch upon the hither outside of the _Inner-Tympan_, which three quarters of an Inch Pin fits into a round hole made in the inner-side of the _Tympan_, to gage and fit the _Inner-Tympan_ right into the _Tympan_; for then by the help of an Iron turning _Clasp_ on the further side the _Tympan_, the _Inner-Tympan_ is kept firmly down and in its position.

¶. 11. _Of the_ Inck-Block, Slice, Brayer, _and_ Catch _of the_ Bar, _marked_ c d e f _in_ Plate 7.

To the _Rail_ between the hither _Cheek_ and _Hind-Post_ is fastned the _Inck-Block_, which is a Beechen-board about thirteen Inches long, nine Inches broad, and commonly about two Inches thick, and hath the left-hand outer corner of it cut away; it is Railed in on its farther and hinder-sides, and a little above half the hither-side, with Wainscot-Board about three quarters of an Inch thick, and two Inches and an half above the upper-side the board of the _Inck-Block_. It is described in Plate 7. at c.

The _Brayer_ marked _a_ is made of _Beech_: It is turned round on the sides, and flat on the bottom, its length is about three Inches, and its diameter about two Inches and an half; it hath an Handle to it about four Inches long. Its Office is to rub and mingle the _Inck_ on the _Inck-Block_ well together.

The _Slice_ is a little thin Iron _Shovel_ about three or four Inches broad, and five Inches long; it hath an Handle to it of about seven Inches long. Near the _Shovel_ through the Handle is fitted a small Iron of about two Inches long standing Perpendicular to both the sides of the Handle, and is about the thickness of a small Curtain-Rod. It is described at e.

The _Catch_ of the _Bar_ described at f is a piece of Wood two Inches thick, four Inches broad, and ten Inches long; The top of it is a little Bevil’d or Slop’d off, that the _Bar_ may by its _Spring_ fly up the Bevil till it stick. This Bevil projects three Inches over its straight Shank, which reaches down to the bottom; in the middle of this Shank, through the fore and back-side, is a Mortess made from within an Inch of the Rounding to an Inch and an half of the bottom; This Mortess is three quarters of an Inch wide, and hath an Iron Pin with a Shoulder at one end fitted to it, so as it may slide from one end of the Mortess to the other. At the other end of the Iron Pin is made a Male-Screw which enters into a Female Iron Screw let into the further _Cheek_ of the _Press_; so that the _Catch_ may be Screwed close to the _Cheek_, as shall further be spoken to hereafter.

¶. 12. _Of the Iron-work, and first of the_ Spindle _marked_ A _in Plate_ 8.

From the Top to the _Toe_ of the _Spindle_, _viz._ from _a_ to _b_ is sixteen Inches and a half, the length of the Cilinder the _Worms_ are cut upon is three Inches and a quarter, and the diameter of that Cilinder two Inches and a quarter; between the bottom of the _Worms_ and top of the Cube one Inch and an half; the Cube marked _c c c c_ is two Inches and three quarters, the square _Eye_ at _d_ in the middle of the Cube is an Inch and a quarter through all the sides of the Cube; one Inch under the Cube at _e_ is the _Neck_ of the _Spindle_, whose diameter is two Inches, It is one Inch between the two shoulders, _viz._ the upper and under shoulders of the _Neck_ at _e e_, so that the Cilinder of the _Neck_ is one Inch long; the very bottom of the _Spindle_ at _b_ is called the _Toe_, it is made of an Hemispherical form, and about one Inch in diameter; This _Toe_ should be made of _Steel_, and well Temper’d, that by long or careless usage, the point of pressure wear not towards one side of the _Toe_, but may remain in the Axis of the _Spindle_.

§. 11. _Of the_ Worms _of the_ Spindle.

I promised at the latter end of _Numb._ 2. to give a more copious account than there I did of making _Worms_, when I came to exercise upon _Printing-Press Spindles_; and being now arrived to it, I shall here make good my promise.

¶. 1. The _Worms_ for _Printing-Press Spindles_ must be projected with such a declivity, as that they may come down at an assigned progress of the _Bar_.

The assigned progress may be various, and yet the _Spindle_ do its office: For if the _Cheeks_ of the _Press_ stand wide assunder, the sweep or progress of the same _Bar_ will be greater than if they stand nearer together.

It is confirm’d upon good consideration and Reason as well as constant experience, that in a whole Revolution of the _Spindle_, in the _Nut_, the _Toe_ does and ought to come down two Inches and an half; but the _Spindle_ in work seldom makes above one quarter of a Revolution at one _Pull_, in which sweep it comes down but half an Inch and half a quarter of an Inch; and the reason to be given for this coming down, is the squeezing of the several parts in the _Press_, subject to squeeze between the Mortesses of the _Winter_ and the Mortesses the _Head_ works in; and every Joynt between these are subject to squeeze by the force of a _Pull_. As first, The _Winter_ may squeeze down into its Mortess one third part of the thickness of a _Scabbord_. (Allowing a _Scabbord_ to be half a _Nomparel_ thick.) Secondly, The _Ribs_ squeeze closer to the _Winter_ one _Scabbord_. Thirdly, The _Iron-Ribs_ to the Wooden _Ribs_ one _Scabbord_. Fourthly, The _Cramp-Irons_ to the _Planck_ of the _Coffin_ one _Scabbord_. Fifthly, The _Planck_ it self half a _Scabbord_. Sixthly, The _Stone_ to the _Planck_ one _Scabbord_. Seventhly, The _Form_ to the _Stone_ half a _Scabbord_. Eighthly, The _Justifyers_ in the Mortess of the _Head_ three _Scabbords_. Ninthly, The _Nut_ in the _Head_ one _Scabbord_. Tenthly, The _Paper_, _Tympans_ and _Blankets_ two _Scabbords_. Eleventhly, Play for the Irons of the _Tympans_ four _Scabbords_. Altogether make fifteen _Scabbords_ and one third part of a _Scabbord_ thick, which (as aforesaid) by allowing two _Scabbords_ to make a _Nomparel_, and as I shewed in _Vol._ 2. _Numb._ 2. §. 2. One hundred and fifty _Nomparels_ to make one Foot, gives twelve and an half _Nomparels_ for an Inch, and consequently twenty five _Scabbords_ for an Inch; so by proportion, fifteen _Scabbords_ and one third part of a _Scabbord_, gives five eighth parts of an Inch, and a very small matter more, which is just so much as the _Toe_ of the _Spindle_ comes down in a quarter of a Revolution.

This is the Reason that the coming down of the _Toe_ ought to be just thus much; for should it be less, the natural Spring that all these Joynts have, when they are unsqueez’d, would mount the Irons of the _Tympans_ so high, that it would be troublesom and tedious for the _Press-man_ to _Run_ them under the _Plattin_, unless the _Cheeks_ stood wider assunder, and consequently every sweep of the _Bar_ in a _Pull_ exceed a quarter of a Revolution, which would be both laborious for the _Press-man_, and would hinder his usual riddance of Work.

I shew’d in _Numb._ 2. _fol._ 31, 32, 33, 34, 35. the manner of making a Screw in general; but assigned it no particular Rise; which for the aforesaid reason, these _Printing-Press Screws_ are strictly bound to have: Therefore its assigned Rise being two Inches and an half in a Revolution, This measure must be set off upon the Cilindrick Shank, from the top towards the Cube of the _Spindle_, on any part of the _Cilinder_, and there make a small mark with a fine _Prick-Punch_, and in an exact Perpendicular to this mark make another small mark on the top of the Cilinder, and laying a straight _Ruler_ on these two marks, draw a straight line through them, and continue that line almost as low as the Cube of the _Spindle_. Then devide that portion of the straight line contained between the two marks into eight equal parts, and set off those equal parts from the two Inch and half mark upwards, and then downwards in the line so oft as you can: Devide also the Circumference of the Shank of the Cilinder into eight equal parts, and draw straight lines through each devision, parallel to the first upright line; and describe the _Screw_ as you were directed in the afore-quoted place; so will you find that the revolution of every line so carried on about the Shank of the Cilinder, will be just two Inches and an half off the top of the Shank: which measure and manner of working may be continued downward to within an Inch and an half of the Cube of the _Spindle_. This is the Rule and Measure that ought to be observ’d for ordinary _Presses_: But if for some by-reasons the aforesaid Measure of two Inches and an half must be varied, then the varied Measure must be set off from the top of the Cilinder, and working with that varied Measure as hath been directed, the _Toe_ of the _Spindle_ will come down lower in a revolution if the varied Measure be longer, or not so low if the varied Measure be shorter.

There is a Notion vulgarly accepted among Workmen, that the _Spindle_ will Rise more or less for the number of _Worms_ winding about the Cilinder; for they think, or at least by tradition are taught to say, that a _Three-Worm’d Spindle_ comes faster and lower down than a _four-Worm’d Spindle_: But the opinion is false; for if a _Spindle_ were made but with a _Single-Worm_, and should have this Measure, _viz._ Two Inches and an half set off from the top, and a _Worm_ cut to make a Revolution to this Measure, it would come down just as fast, and as low, as if there were two, three, four, five or six _Worms_, &c. cut in the same Measure: For indeed, the numbers of _Worms_ are only made to preserve the _Worms_ of the _Spindle_ and _Nut_ from wearing each other out the faster; for if the whole stress of a _Pull_ should bear against the Sholder of a single _Worm_, it would wear and shake in the _Nut_ sooner by half than if the stress should be borne by the Sholders of two _Worms_; and so proportionably for three, four, five _Worms_, _&c._

But the reason why four _Worms_ are generally made upon the _Spindle_, is because the Diameters of the _Spindle_ are generally of this propos’d size; and therefore a convenient strength of Mettal may be had on this size for four _Worms_; But should the Diameter of the _Spindle_ be smaller, as they sometimes are when the _Press_ is designed for small Work, only three _Worms_ will be a properer number than four; because when the Diameter is small, the thickness of the _Worms_ would also prove small, and by the stress of a _Pull_ would be more subject to break or tear the _Worms_ either of the _Spindle_ or _Nut_.

And thus I hope I have performed the promise here I made at the latter end of _Numb._ 2. Whither I refer you for the breadth, and reason of the breadth of the _Worm_.

¶. 13. _Of the_ Bar _marked_ B _in_ Plate 8.

This _Bar_ is Iron, containing in length about two Foot eight Inches and an half, from _a_ to _b_, and its greatest thickness, except the Sholder, an Inch and a quarter; The end _a_ hath a Male-Screw about an Inch Diameter and an Inch long, to which a _Nut_ with a Female-Screw in it as at C is fitted. The Iron _Nut_ in which this Female-Screw is made, must be very strong, _viz._ at least an Inch thick, and an Inch and three quarters in Diameter; in two opposite sides of it is made two Ears, which must also be very strong, because they must with heavy blows be knock’t upon to draw the Sholder of the square shank on the _Bar_, when the square Pin is in the _Eye_ of the _Spindle_ close and steddy up to the Cube on the _Spindle_. The square Pin of the _Bar_ marked _c_ is made to fit just into the _Eye_, through the middle of the Cube of the _Spindle_, on the hither end of this square Pin is made a Sholder or stop to this square Pin, as at _d_. This Sholder must be Filed exactly Flat on all its four insides, that they may be drawn close and tight up to any flat side of the Cube on the _Spindle_; It is two Inches square, that it may be drawn the firmer, and stop the steddyer against any of the flat sides of the said Cube, when it is hard drawn by the strength of the Female-Screw in the aforesaid _Nut_ at C. The thickness from _d_ to _e_ of this Sholder is about three quarters of an Inch, and is Bevil’d off towards the _Handle_ of the _Bar_ with a small Molding.

The substance of this _Bar_, as aforesaid, is about an Inch and a quarter; but its Corners are all the way slatted down till within five Inches of the end: And from these five Inches to the end, it is taper’d away, that the _Wooden-Handle_ may be the stronger forced and fastned upon it.

About four Inches off the Sholder, the _Bar_ is bowed beyond a right Angle, yet not with an Angle, but a Bow, which therefore lies ready to the _Press-man_’s Hand, that he may Catch at it to draw the _Wooden-Handle_ of the _Bar_ within his reach.

This _Wooden-Handle_ with long Working grows oft loose; but then it is with hard blows on the end of it forced on again, which oft splits the _Wooden-Handle_ and loosens the square Pin at the other end of the _Bar_, in the _Eye_ of the _Spindle_: To remedy which inconvenience, I used this Help, _viz._ To weld a piece of a Curtain-Rod as long as the _Wooden-Handle_ of the _Bar_, to the end of the Iron _Bar_, and made a Male-screw at the other end with a Female-screw to fit it; Then I bored an hole quite through the _Wooden-Handle_, and Turn’d the very end of the _Wooden-Handle_ with a small hollow in it flat at the bottom, and deep enough to bury the Iron-_Nut_ on the end of the Curtain-Rod, and when this Curtain-Rod was put through the Hollow in the _Wooden-Handle_ and Screwed fast to it at the end, it kept the _Wooden-Handle_, from flying off; Or if it loosened, by twisting the _Nut_ once or twice more about, it was fastned again.

¶. 14. _Of the_ Hose, Garter, _and_ Hose-Hooks.

The _Hose_ are the upright Irons in Plate 8. at _a a_, They are about three quarters of an Inch square, both their ends have Male-screws on them; The lower end is fitted into a square Hole made at the parting of the _Hose-Hooks_, which by a square _Nut_ with a Female-screw in it, is Screwed tight up to them; Their upper ends are let into square Holes made at the ends of the _Garter_, and by _Nuts_ with Female-Screws in them, and Ears to turn them about as at _l l_ are drawn up higher, if the _Plattin-Cords_ are too loose; or else let down lower if they are too tight: These upper Screws are called the _Hose-Screws_.

The _Garter_ (but more properly the _Coller_) marked _b b_, is the round Hoop incompassing the flat Groove or Neck in the Shank of the _Spindle_ at _e e_; This round Hoop is made of two half-round Hoops, having in a Diametrical-line without the Hoop square Irons of the same piece proceeding from them, and standing out as far as _g g_, These Irons are so let into each other, that they comply and run Range with the square Sholders at both ends, wherein square Holes are made at the ends of the _Hose_. They are Screwed together with two small Screws, as at _h h_.

The four _Hose-Hooks_ are marked _i i i i_, They proceed from two Branches of an Iron Hoop at _k_ encompassing the lower end of the _Spindle_, on either Corner of the Branch, and have notches filled in their outer-sides as in the Figure, which notches are to contain several Turns of _Whip-cord_ in each notch, which _Whip-cord_ being also fastned to the _Hooks_ on the _Plattin_, holds the _Plattin_ tight to the _Hooks_ of the _Hose_.

¶. 15. _Of the_ Ribs, _and_ Cramp-Irons.

The _Ribs_ are delineated in Plate 8. at E, they are made of four square Irons the length of the _Wooden-Ribs_ and _End-Rails_, _viz._ four Foot five Inches long, and three quarters of an Inch square, only one end is batter’d to about a quarter of an Inch thick, and about two Inches and an half broad, in which battering four or five holes are Punch’t for the nailing it down to the _Hind-Rail_ of the _Wooden-Ribs_. The Fore-end is also batter’d down as the Hind-end, but bound downwards to a square, that it may be nailed down on the outer-side of the _Fore-Rail_ of the _Wooden-Ribs_.

Into the bottom of these _Ribs_, within nine Inches of the middle, on either side is made two Female-Duftails about three quarters of an Inch broad, and half a quarter of an Inch thick, which Female-Duftails have Male-Duftails as at _a a a a_ fitted stiff into them, about an Inch and three quarters long; and these Male-Duftails have an hole punched at either end, that when they are fitted into the Female-Duftails in the _Ribs_, they may in these Holes be Nailed down the firmer to the _Wooden-Ribs_.

These _Ribs_ are to be between the upper and the under-side exactly of an equal thickness, and both to lye exactly Horizontal in straight lines; For irregularities will both Mount and Sink the _Cramp-Irons_, and make them _Run_ rumbling upon the _Ribs_.

The upper-sides of these _Ribs_ must be purely Smooth-fil’d and Pollish’d, and the edges a little Bevil’d roundish away, that they may be somewhat Arching at the top; because then the _Cramp-Irons_ _Run_ more easily and ticklishly over them.

The _Cramp-Irons_ are marked F in Plate 8. They are an Inch and an half long besides the Battering down at both ends as the _Ribs_ were; They have three holes Punched in each Battering down, to Nail them to the _Planck_ of the _Coffin_; They are about half an Inch deep, and one quarter and an half thick; their upper-sides are smoothed and rounded away as the _Ribs_.

¶. 16. _Of the_ Spindle _for the_ Rounce, _described in Plate_ 9. _at_ a.

The _Axis_ or _Spindle_ is a straight Bar of Iron about three quarters of an Inch square, and is about three Inches longer than the whole breadth of the Frame of the _Ribs_, _viz._ two Foot two Inches: The farther end of it is Filed to a round Pin (as at _a_) three quarters of an Inch long, and three quarters of an Inch in Diameter; the hither end is filed away to such another round Pin, but is two Inches and a quarter long (as at _b_); at an Inch and a quarter from this end is Filed a Square Pin three quarters of an Inch long, and within half an Inch of the end is Filed another round Pin, which hath another Male-Screw on it, to which is fitted a square Iron _Nut_ with a Female-Screw in it.

On the Square Pin is fitted a _Winch_ somewhat in form like a Jack-winch, but much stronger; the _Eye_ of which is fitted upon the Square aforesaid, and Screwed up tight with a Female-Screw. On the straight Shank of this Winch is fitted the _Rounce_, marked _e_.

The round ends of this _Axis_ are hung up in two Iron-Sockets (as at _c c_) fastned with Nails (but more properly with Screws) on the outside the Wooden Frame of the _Ribs_.

The _Girt-Barrel_ marked _d_ is Turned of a Piece of Maple or Alder-wood, of such a length, that it may play easily between the two Wooden _Ribs_; and of such a diameter, that in one revolution of it, such a length of _Girt_ may wind about it as shall be equal to half the length contained between the fore-end Iron of the _Tympan_, and the inside of the Rail of the _Inner-Tympan_; because two Revolutions of this _Barrel_ must move the _Carriage_ this length of space.

This _Barrel_ is fitted and fastned upon the Iron _Axis_, at such a distance from either end, that it may move round between the Wooden _Ribs_ aforesaid.

¶. 17. _Of the_ Press-Stone.