Part 17

C Caballo Lake State Park, 104, 112 Mountains, 38, 40, 112, 161 Reservoir, 112, 117, 161 Cabeza de Vaca, 6 Cabezon Peak, 37, 51, 163 cacti, 17, 18, 19, 20, 33 calcite, 42, 46, 47, 78 caldera, 37, 75, 85, 86 California Column, 73-74 camels, 55, 57 Cambrian, 40; rocks, 40 Camino Real (_see_ Royal Road) Canadian River, 31, 74, 108, 109, 111, 136, 137, 155 Canadian Zone, 22 Canby, Col. E. R. S., 13, 73, 92 Canjilon, 95 Canyon de Chelly, 110 Capillo Peak, 98 Capitan, 36, 69, 99, 100, 159; limestone, 47, 77; Mountains, 99, 159; Pass, 99; Reef, 45, 46, 47 caprock, 38, 155, 159 Caprock [N. Mex.], 155 Capulín Mountain, 37, 75; National Monument, illus. 80, 81-82, 155 Capulin Peak, 97 carbon dioxide, 53, 146 Carlsbad, 38, 45, 46, 48, 53, 148, 149, 150, 159; reef limestones, 47 Carlsbad Caverns, 46, 51, 141, 159; National Park, 75, 76-78, illus. 77 Carleton, Gen. J. H., 73, 74 carnallite, 48 carp, 115 Carrizo Mountains, 164 Carrizozo, 36, 37, 38, 45, 104, 111, 138, 155, 159, 161; dome, 161 Carson, Kit, 13, 70, 94, 110 (_see also_ under Kit) Carson National Forest, 93-95, 96, 97 Casa Blanca, 156 Casa Grande [Ariz.], 126 Castile Anhydrite, 47; gypsum sample, illus. 47 catfish, 111, 114, 115, 117 Catron County, 134, 135 cattle, 12, 14, 15, 23, 24, 31, 53, 75, 89, 93, 99, 140, 141 cedar, 20, 21 cement, 53, 154 Cenozoic Era, 33-38, 51; rocks, 51 centipede, 31 century plant, 20 cephalopods, 41, 51 Cerro Blanco, 98 Colorado, 161 Pedernal, 97 Chaco Canyon, 5, 60, 75, 82, 84, 138; National Monument, 61, 82, illus. 83, 163 chalcocite, 151 chalcopyrite, 151 Chama, 95, 162; River, 95, 110 Charette Lakes, 118 chert, 43 Chihuahua [Mexico], 7, 9, 11, 132, 139 Chihuahua desert, 16 Chimayó, 136 Chinle Formation, 48, 49, 111, 112 Chino mine, 151, illus. 153 Chiricahua Apache, 6, 133 Chivington, Col. John M., 13 chollas, 17, 19 Chupadera Mesa, 161 Chuska Formation, 38 Mountains, 164 Cibola National Forest, 98-99 Cieneguilla Creek, 112 Cimarron, 163; River, 163 Ciniza, 148 “cities that died of fear,” 139 City of Rocks State Park, 104, 110, 155, 161 Civil War, 12, 13, 64, 71, 72-74, 92, 105, 107, 137 clams, 36, 41, 51 clay, 35, 38, 41, 43, 44, 45, 49, 53, 54 Clayton, 37, 112; Lake State Park, 104, 112 Cliff, 72, 74 Clines Corners, 40, 49, 134, 155 Cloudcroft, 100, 160 Clovis, 55, 104, 159, 161; Man, 104; points, 55, 57 coal, 23, 36, 43, 50, 51, 53, 69, 138, 146, 154, 157, 158, 161, 162, 164 Cochise Culture, 58, 59, 63 Cochiti, Cañada de, 122; Pueblo, 122-123 Coconino Sandstone, 46 Colorado River, 3, 90, 138, 143, 164 state line, 112 Volunteers, 13, 92, 137 columbite-tantalite, 40 Columbus [N. Mex.], 30, 104, 109 Comanche, 12, 63, 65, 90, 105, 139 Conchas Dam, 104, 108, 109 Lake State Park, 108-109 Reservoir, 31, 118 Confederate, 12, 13, 65, 66, 67, 68, 70, 72, 73, 74, 92, 105, 107, 137, 162; campaign, map 73 conglomerate, 49, 50 conifers, 44 _conquistadore_, 10, 54, 89, 92, 99, 106, 120, 127, 135 Continental Divide, 20, 61, 99, 163 continuous miner, 150, illus. 150 cony, 31 Cooke’s Canyon; Spring, 71 copper, 51, 53, 143, 144, 146, 148, 151, 153, 154, 161 corals, 41, 42, illus. 45 corn, 4, 58, 62, 84, 86, 122 Corn Dance, 124, 132 Coronado (Francisco Vasquez de), 6, 7, 54, 62, 106, 120, 123, 126, 132 Coronado National Forest, 101, 103 State Monument, 104, 106 cotton, 84, 158, 159 cottonwood, illus. 25, 158, 159 coyote, 19, 26, 30, 79, 95 Coyote [N. Mex.], 98 Coyote Creek, 90 crane, 30 crappies, 110, 111, 112, 115, 117 creosote bush, 17, 19, 20, 26, 28, 71, 158, 161 Cretaceous, 50, 112, 146, 156, 158, 164; beds, 49, 158; Period, 49, 51; sandstone, 157; seas, 51; time, 49, 50 crinoid, 42, illus. 42 crocodiles, 36 Crown Dance, 133 Cuba [N. Mex.], 35, 36, 98, 163 Cub Mountain Formation, 36 cucumbers, 159 Culiacan [Mexico], 6 Culture Archaic, 58; Cochise, 58; Desert, 58; Pueblo, 59, 60

D Dakota Sandstone, 50, 112, 155, 156, 157 Datil, 161; Formation, 36; Mountains, 98, 99 Datil-Mogollon plateau, 36 Dead Man’s Peak, 97 deer, 26, 28, 29, 31, 100, 101; desert mule, 26, 100; mule, 28, 29, 31; Rocky Mountain mule, 26, 95, 98, 100; Sonoran fantail, 26; whitetail, 26, 98, 100 de la Llana, Fray Geronimo, 105 Delaware basin, 43, 45, 46, 47 Mountains, 159 Deming, 49, 71, 104, 110, 112, 135, 158, 161 de Niza, Fray Marcos, 132 de Vargas, don Diego, 8, 90, 120, 122, 124, 127, 128, 129 Devonian, 42; rocks, 41; seas, 42; time, 41 Dewey Lake Redbeds, 47, 48 Diablo Mountains, 75 Plateau, 159 dinosaur, 48, 49, 51, illus. 52, 162 Dixon, 40 Dockum Group, 48, 109 dolomite, 41, 46, 48, 158, 159 Doña Ana, 70; County, 30; Historical Society, 71 Doniphan, Col. Alexander W., 64 doves, 28, 29, 95, 98 dragonflies, 44 ducks, 30, 95, 98, 118

E eagle, 31 Eagle Creek, 99 Nest, 162, 163; Lake, 163 Early Hunters, 55, 58 earthquake, 37 Echo Amphitheater, 95, illus. 96, 162 Edgewood, 155 eel, 114 El Capitan, 159 El Cristo Rey, 158 Elephant Butte, 112, 134; Dam, 38, 111, 161; Lake State Park, 104, 111, 112; Reservoir, 36, 111, 117, illus. 117 elephants, 54, 55 Elizabethtown, 163 elk, illus. 23, 26, 28, 29, 95, 98, 101 elkhorn (cacti), 19 elm, 51 El Morro, 49, 51, 75, 89, 157; National Monument, 89-90, illus. 91, 155 El Palacio [State Monument], 104-105 (_see also_ Palace of the Governors) El Paso [Tex.], 13, 16, 20, 37, 38, 41, 42, 43, 44, 49, 70, 72, 112, 123, 134, 135, 143, 158, 161 El Paso del Norte, 7, 8, 89, 90, 105, 123 El Paso Limestone, 41 El Ranchito, 128 El Rito, 95; de los Frijoles, illus. 25; Formation, 36 El Vado Dam, 110 Lake, 104, 110, 118, 162; State Park, 110 Reservoir, 118 Emory, Lieutenant, 19 Enchanted Mesa, 51, 156, illus. 157 Engelmann spruce, 22, 156 Entrada Sandstone, 49, 156 Escabrosa Limestone, 42 Espanola, 38, 98, 112, 136, 162 Espejo Expedition, 89 Espinaso beds, 36 Estancia, 38; Basin, 98, 105, 155, 161 Eunice, 146 eurypterids, 41

F Farmington, 43, 50, 95, 134, 138, 146, 148 feldspar, 39, 40, 45 ferns, 42, 43 fig trees, 36 finch, 31 fir, 16, 17; corkbark, 156; Douglas, 108 fish, 36, 41, 49, 53, 75, 101, 104, 113-118, illus. 113 Fishers Peak, 81 flint, 54 Florida Mountains, 26, 112, 158 Folsom, 55, 57; Man, 55; State Monument, 104; points, 55, 57, illus. 57 foraminifers, 51 Ford Butte, 164 fort, 9, 12, 13, 64-74, map 69, 90, 92, 107, 143 Fort (_see also individual listing_) Bascom, 74 Defiance [Ariz.], 90 Floyd, 72 Lowell, 74 Lyon, 67 McLane, 72 McRae, 74 Thorn, 72 Tularosa, 74 Webster, 72 West, 74 Fort Bayard, 71-72, 74; Reservation, 20, 24 Fort Bliss [Texas], 68, 70, 72, 73, 74 Fort Conrad, 67, 72 Fort Craig, 67-69, illus. 68, 72, 73, 90 Fort Cummings, 71, 74 Fort Fauntleroy, 66-67, 72 Fort Fillmore, 72, 143 Fort Marcy, 66, 72, 90 Fort Selden, 70-71, 74, 104, 107, 143, 161; State Monument, 104, 107 Fort Stanton, 68, 69-70, 72, 74 Fort Sumner, 74, 111, 112, 155, 161 Fort Union, 13, 64-66, illus. 65, 72, 73, 75, 92; National Monument, 66, 90, 92 Fort Wingate, 66-67, 74; Ordnance Depot, 67 fossil, 41, illus. 42, 43, illus. 45, 48, 49, 55, 98; fish, 41; hash, 42, 46; reefs, 42 Four Corners, 3, 4, 41, 43, 59, 133, 138, 163 fox, 79, 95 Fra Cristobal Mountains, 38, 162 Franciscan, 8, 89, 105, 106, 126; missionaries, 86, 89, 105; Order, 7, 106 Franklin (_see_ El Paso, Texas) Frijoles Canyon, 5, 84, illus. 85, 136 Fruitland, 138, 154, 164; Formation, 50 Fusselman Dolomite, 41 fusulinids, 44, illus. 45

G Gadsden Purchase, 107 gas, 43, 53, 95, 138, 146-148, 163 Galisteo Basin, 36, 62 Creek, 162 Formation, 36 Gallina basin, 61 Gallinas Mountains, 99 Peak, 98 Gallup, 12, 49, 50, 66, 99, 133, 134, 138, 147, 154, 157, 158, 164 Gamerco, 164 geese, 30, 95, 98, 118 gem stones, 53 geologic history, 33-53 time table, 34, 39, 50 Geronimo, 14, 70, 74, 143 Ghost Ranch, 162; Mountain, illus. 145; Museum, 95 ghost towns, 53, 95, 141, 158, 163 Gila Apache, 6 Cliff Dwellings (National Monument), 75, 86, illus. 87, 101 Conglomerate, 38, 86 National Forest, 101 River, 4, 6, 72, 74, 114, 143, 161 Wilderness (Area), 75, 86, 101, 144 Giusewa Pueblo, 106, 107 glacier, 38, 55, 57 glauconite, 40 Glenwood, 101 Glorieta, 73, 97; Mesa, 46, 162; Pass, 13, 46, 92, 137, 162; Sandstone, 46 gneiss, 39, 40 goats, 89 Goat Seep Reef, 45, 46 Gobernador, 95 gold, 6, 7, 13, 14, 53, 72, 104, 146 graben, 37, 38, 79 grama grass, 17, 18, 20 Gran Chaco, 4, 5 granite, 39, 40, 43, 156, 161 Gran Quivira, 75, 161; National Monument, 86, illus. 88, 89 Grants, 37, 38, 40, 43, 48, 49, 53, 89, 99, 138, 148, 150, 151, 153, 156, 157 grapes, 89, 159 gravel, 35, 36, 38, 50, 53 greasewood, 19 Great Barrier Reef, 46, 141 Basin, 58 Kiva, 84 Lakes, 55, 57 Plains, 6, 16, 17, 136, 159, 162 greenstone, 40 grouse, 95, 98 Guadalupe Mountains, 26, 46, 77, 99, 141, illus. 142, 143, 159 Pass, 159 Peak, 159 River, 124 Gulf of California, 90, 143 gypsum, 43, 45, 46, 48, 49, 53, 79, 146, 153, 156; —anhydrite, 47; dunes, 31, 32, 38, illus. 39, 75, 78

H halite, 45, 48 Hall of Giants, illus. 77 Hanover mine, 151 Harding pegmatite, 40 Hatch, 72, 142; Valley, 161 hawk, 31, 79 hay, 122 helictites, 76, 78 heliograph station, 70 helium, 53, 146 Helms Formation, 43 hematite, 40, 45 Herrera, Cristobal de, 130 Hidalgo County, 29, 30 High Plains, 31, 37, 38, 50, 54, 55, 109, 110, 133, 138, 140 Hillsboro, 14, 144 Hobbs, 134, 142, 146, 159 Hogback Mountain, 164 Hohokam people, 4, 59 Holloman Air Force Base, 143 Hondo, 159 Hopewell Lake, 118 horse, 6, 9, 13, 23, 55, 57, 89, 93, 115, 129 Hopi, 126 Hot Springs [N. Mex.] (_see_ Truth or Consequences) Hueco Limestone, 44 Mountains, 158 hummingbirds, 28 Hunters and Gatherers, 58 Hurley, 72, 151, 161 Hyde Memorial State Park, 104, 109

I Ice Caves, 157 Immaculate Conception (church), 105 Indian, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15, 21, 53, 54-63, 64, 66, 67, 68, 72, 74, 84, 86, 89, 90, 95, 99, 101, 104, 105, 106, 110, 113, 116, 120-133, 135, 136, 138, 140, 141, 143, 164; Divide, 159; pueblo, 4, 5, map 56, 86, 89, 120-133, 136; reservations, map 56 Inscription Rock (_see_ El Morro) Interstate Highway 10: 158 25: 107, 161, 162, 163 40: 48, 155, 156, 157, 162, 164 Inter-Tribal Indian Ceremonial, 133, 138 iron, 53, 78 Isleta del Sur, 105, 123 Pueblo, 8, 11, 123 San Agustin de, 123 San Antonio de, 123

J Jackpile-Paguate mine, 151, illus. 152 javelina, 26, 28, 101 jay, 31 Jemez, 106; Division, 97, 98; Indians, 107; Mission, 104, San Diego de, 123, San Jose de los, 124, San Juan de Los, 124; Mountains, 37, 38, 97, 121, 128, 129, 136, 156, 162; Pueblo, 106, 123-124; River, 123, 124, 128, 131; Springs, 98, 106, 107; State Monument, 106-107, 123, 124 Jicarilla Apache, 6, 74, 132, 133 Division, 95 Indian Reservation, 95, 138 Johnson Mesa, 81 Jornada del Muerto, 16, 36, 139, 140, 142, 160-161 Joshua tree, 20 Juárez [Mexico], 7, 123, 158 juniper, 20, 21, 23, 135, 141, 155 Jurassic rocks, 158 sandstones, 155, 156, 157 time, 49

K Kaiser Gypsum Company, 49 Kaiser Steel Corporation, 51 kangaroo rats, 32 Kearny, Gen. Stephen W., 64, 90 Kelly, 141 Kenna, 155 Kennecott Copper Company, 143, 151 Keres, 124 Kern, R. H., 90 Kilbourne Hole, 158 Kingston, 14, 144 Kiowas, 65 Kirtland Shale, 50 Kit Carson Memorial State Park, 104, 110 (_see also_ under Carson) Kit Carson’s Cave, 157 kiva, 59, 84, 106 Kneeling Nun, 151 Koehler, 51 Kuaua, 106

L La Bajada Hill, 36, 161, 162 Ladron Mountains, 38, 140, 162 Laguna, 48, 152, 156; del Perro, 161; Indians, 124; Mission, San Jose de, 125; Santa Maria, illus. 124; Pueblo, 124-125; Reservation, 124, 151 Lagunitas, 95 Lakes and/or Reservoirs (_see_ individual entries: Alamogordo, Avalon, Bluewater, Bottomless, Caballo, Charette, Clayton, Conchas, Eagle Nest, Elephant Butte, El Vado, Hopewell, Lea, Lost, Lucero, McGaffey, McMillan, Miami, Morphy, Navajo, Red, Roberts, San Gregorio, Stewart, Storrie, Truchas, Ute) Lake Lucero, 38, 79 Lake Roberts, illus. 103, 118 Lake Valley Limestone, 42 La Madera, 95 La Mesilla State Monument, 104, 107 lanceolate points, 55 langbeinite, 48, 149 Laramide revolution, 33, 50 Largo basin, 61 Las Cruces, 12, 70, 72, 107, 112, 134, 135, 142, 158, 161 Las Trampas, 95, 136 Las Vegas [N. Mex.], 13, 50, 64, 90, 92, 97, 110, 112, 137, 162 lava, 31, 32, 36, 37, 51, 79, 81, 99, 100, 104, 111, 155, 156 La Ventana, 163 lead, 53, 146, 148, 151 Lea Lake, 108 Leasburg, 70 Ledoux [N. Mex.], 112 lepidolite mica, 40 Letrado, Father Francisco, 89 limestone, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 49, 51, 53, 77, 78, 155, 156, 158, 159, 160, 161 Lincoln, 70, 107, 159; County Courthouse, 104, 107; County War, 14, 104, 107; National Forest, 99-100; State Monument, 107 Lipan Apache, 6, 132, 133 Little Black Peak, 111 Little Colorado River, 61 Little Florida Mountains, 112 livestock, 19, 23, 98, 100, 103, 141 lizard, 31, 79 Llano Estacado (_see_ Staked Plains) Logan, 111 Lookout Mountain, 100 Lordsburg, 38, 49, 101, 154, 158 Los Alamos, 37, 162 Los Lunas, 134 Los Pinos Mountains, 38, 162 Lost Lake, 96 Lovington, 146, 159 Lukachukai Mountains, 164 Luna County, 30, 71 Luxán, Diego Pérez de, 89

M MacArthur, Gen. Douglas, 70-71, 107 McDermott Formation, 50 McGaffey Lake, 99 McMillan Reservoir, 117, 159 McRae Formation, 36, 112 Magdalena, 14, 99, 101, 141, 161-162; Mountains, 38, 98, 99, 140, 161 magma, 36, 40 magnesium compounds, 53, 146 magnolia trees, 36 magpie, 31 maguey, 21 maize, 159 Maldonado, Fray Lucas, 120 malpais, 31, 100, 111 mammals, 26-32, 36, 49, 51, 57, 58, 95, 98, 114; prehistoric, 49, 51, 55 mammoth, 55, 57 manganese, 53 Mancos Shale, 50 mano, illus. 59 Manzano, 99; Mountains, 37, 38, 51, 98, 105, 138, 139, 161, 162; Peak, 98 maple, 51 marten, 95 Martinez, Julian and Maria, 127 Martinez, Paddy, 150 Martinez, Padre José, 110 mastodon, 55 Mayhill, 100 melons, 122, 159 Mesa Redonda, 155 Rica, 155 Verde [Colo.], 4, 5, 60, 84; National Park, 164 Mesaverde Group, 50 mescal, 20, 21 Mescalero, 159; Apache, 6, 21, 69, 70, 74, 132; Indian Reservation, 99, 133, 134, 143 Mesilla, 72, 107; Valley, 158, 161 Mesozoic Era, 48-51 rocks, 33, 51 seas, 33 mesquite, 17, 19, 20, 71 metate, illus. 59 Mexican, 140, 141; Colonial, 104, 107; War, 12, 64 Mexico, 6, 7, 10, 12, 30, 31, 64, 67, 89, 90, 132, 137, 138, 139, 144, 148, 158, 161; City, 6, 9 Miami Lake, 118 mica, 40, 53; schist, illus. 40 mice, 31, 79 microcline, 40 Miles, General, 14 Mimbreno Apache, 74 Mimbres, 101, 144; culture, 20, 143; River, 4, 72, 143 minerals, 40, 53, 146 ff. mink, 95 mining, 12, 14, 15, 23, 53, 72, 95, 99, 101, 125, 141, 143, 144, 146, 148-154, 160, 161 mission(s), 8, 9, 86, 89, 126; churches, 8, illus. 11, 86, 105, 106, 107, illus. 119, 122, 123, 127; ruins, 104 Mississippian rocks, 42 seas, 43 time, 43 Mockingbird Gap, 41 Moenkopi Formation, 48 Mogollon, 141; Apache, 74; culture, 4, 59, 86; Mountains, 14, 22, 75, 86; people, 3, 59, 60, 86 mollusks, 51 molybdenum, 53, 154 Monjeau Lookout, 99, illus. 160 Montoya Dolomite, 41 Monument, 146, 148 Mora County, 112 Moreno Valley, 162 Moriarty, 155 Morphy Lake, 112; State Park, 104, 112 Morrison Formation, 49 Mosca Peak, 98 Mountainair, 86, 99, 105, 161 mountain lion, 30, 31, 95 mountain mahogany, 20 mountains (_see_ under proper name: Animas, Big Hatchet, Black Range, Brazos, Burro, Caballo, Capitan, Carrizo, Chuska, Datil, Delaware, Diablo, Florida, Fra Cristobal, Gallinas, Guadalupe, Hueco, Jemez, Ladron, Little Florida, Los Pinos, Lukachukai, Magdalena, Manzano, Mogollon, Nacimiento, Organ, Ortega, Pedernal Hills, Peloncillo, Potrillo, Pyramid, Rocky, Sacramento, San Andres, Sandia, Sangre de Cristo, San Juan, San Mateo, Taos, Victorio, Zuní) Mount Baldy, 99 Riley, 158 Robledo, 70 Taylor, 37, 51, 98, 156 Withington, 99 Mule Peak, 99 museum, 104, 105 muskrat, 95

N Nacimiento Formation, 35, 36 Mountains, 35, 42, 156, 163 Peak, 97 Nambé, 128; mission, 125; Pueblo, 125 Nana, 70, 74 Natage Apache, 6, 132, 133 National Forests, 16, 24, 75, 93-103, map 94 (_see also_ under proper names: Apache, Beaver, Carson, Cibola, Coronado, Gila, Lincoln, Santa Fe) National Monuments, 75-92, 138, 155 (_see also_ under proper names: Aztec Ruins, Bandelier, Carlsbad Caverns (Park), Capulin Mountain, Chaco Canyon, El Morro, Fort Union, Gila Cliff Dwellings, Gran Quivira, Pecos, Valle Grande, White Sands) National Park System, 75, 76, 82, 85, 86, 92; Service, 76, 81 Navajo, 6, 12, 15, 54, 61, 62, 63, 64, 67, 71, 74, 110, 123, 126, 132, 133, 163, 164; Dam, 109, 138; Indian Reservation, map 56, 133, 138, 164; Lake, 163; State Park, 109; Reservoir, 118 Neogene Period, 37 time, 39 Newkirk, 155 New Mexico Department of Public Welfare, 70 New Mexico Volunteers, 13 niobium, 50 Niobrara limestone, 50 No Agua, 153, 162

O oak, 20, 23, 36, 51, 100 Oasis State Park, 104, 111 obsidian, 54 Ochoan rocks, 47 Series, 47 ocotillo, 17, 18, 20, 26 Ogallala Formation, 38 oil, 43, 45, 46, 53, 95, 138, 141, 146-148, 159, 163, 164; fields, 146; pumps, illus. 149; refinery, illus. 147, 159; secondary recovery, 148 Ojo Caliente, 74 Ojo del Oso (Bear Springs), 66, 67 Oñate (Don Juan), 7, 8, 90, 99, 120, 122, 126, 127, 128, 131 opuntia, 17, 19, 20 Ordovician, 146; Period, 40; rocks, 41; seas, 41; time, 41 Organ [N. Mex.], 160 Organ Mountains, 26, 158, 160 oriole, 31 Orogrande basin, 43 Ortega Mountains, 162 orthoclase, 40 Otowi bridge, 162 otter, 114 Ouray Limestone, 41 Our Lady of Lourdes (chapel), 127 oysters, 51

P Painted Cave, 85 Painted Desert, 48 Pajarito Plateau, 136 Palace of the Governors, 4, 5, 104 (_see also_ El Palacio) Paleogene Period, 33, 36 time, map 35 Paleozoic, 146; Era, 40-48; rocks, 33, 49, 51; time, 39, 46 palm trees, 36 Palo Flechado Pass, 162 paloverde, 17 Pan-American Central Highway, 162 Pancho Villa, 67, 109; State Park, 104, 109 Panhandle Aspect, 62 Paradise Formation, 43 Paradox Basin, 43 partridge, 100 peanuts, 159 pecan, 158 Pecos, 97, 106, 115; Baldy, 96; Basin, 99; “diamonds,” 108; Division, 96, 97; Horseshoe, 96; mission, 104, 107; National Monument, 62, 76, 106; Pueblo, 62, 107; River, 38, 74, 96, illus. 97, 111, 112, 114, 136, 155, 159, 162, Forest Reserve, 96; State Monument, 106; Valley, 30, 46, 78, 159, 161; Wilderness (Area), 75, 94, 96 Pedernal Hills, 40, 43, 161 pegmatite, 40 Peloncillo Mountains, 29, 158 Peña, Fray Juan de la, 123 Peñablanca, 115 Penasco, 95, 136 Penitente, 136 Pennsylvanian limestone, 112 Period, 43, 156, 159 time, map 44, 45 perch, 115 Percha Shale, 41 perlite, 37, 53, 146, 153, 162 Permian, 45, 48, 146, 159, 161; Period, 44, 77, 149; rocks, 44-48; seas, 46; time, 45, 47 Pershing, Gen. John J., 70, 109 Petrified Forest National Monument, 48 petrified wood, 49 petroglyphs, 89, 113 petroleum, 146, 147, 164 Phoenix [Ariz.], 161 phytosaur, 49 Picacho Hill, 159 Pictured Cliffs Sandstone, 50 Picurís, 95; Pueblo, 125-126; San Lorenzo de, 125 Pierre Shale, 50 pike, 115, 117 Pilar, 162 pine, 22, 36, 49, 93, 100, 109, 163; dwarf, 17; ponderosa, 17, 21, 29, 112, 156, 157, 159; yellow, 17, 21 piñon, 17, 20, illus. 22, 23, 135, 141, 155 Piñon, 43 Pinos Altos, 72 Piro, 8 pit houses, 4, 59, illus. 60, 61, 82, 86 Plains Indians, 54, 55, 63, 106, 132, 140 Pleistocene, 54, 55, 57, 111, 161; Epoch, 38; Ice Age, 54, 58 Poison Canyon Formation, 35 Pojoaque, 162; Pueblo, 126 polyhalite, 48 Po-pé, 8, 127, 129 poplar, 36, 51 Porciuncula, Church of ... de, 106 porcupine, 31 Portales, 55, 104, 111, 159; Valley, 111 potash, 48, 53, 141, 146, 148, 149, 150, 153, 159 potatoes, 159 Potrillo Mountains, 158 pottery, 62, 82, 84, 86, 113, illus. 113, 122, 127, 128; black-on-white, 60, 61; brown, 86; brownware, 59; white with black, 86 Powwow Canyon, 158 Precambrian, 156, 161; Era, 38-40; rocks, 33, 39, 40, 51 Presidio of Santa Fe, 9 prickly pears, 17, 19 protozoans, 44, 51 ptarmigan, 31 Pueblo Bonito, 60, illus. 61, 82 Indians, 5, 8, 12, 54, 61, 62, 84, 86, 89, 120 ff., 162 periods: Classic (or Great), 60, 61, 62, 82 Developmental, 60 Historic, 62 prehistoric, 82 Regressive, 62 Revolt, 8, 89, 90, 120, 122, 123, 124, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131 ruins, 104 pumice, 36, 37, 53, 146 Punta de Agua, 105 Puye Cliff Dwellings, 62, 128, 136 Pyramid Mountains, 158

Q quail, 28, 29, 30, 95, 98, 100 Quarai, 104 church, 161 Pueblo, 107 State Monument, 105 quartz, 39, 40, 41, 46, 50, 108 quartzites, 40, 161 Quemado, 36, 161 Questa, 95, 112, 154, 163