Chapter 457

Lyell, Bart." edited by his sister-in-law, Mrs. Lyell, 2 Volumes, London, 1881. "Charles Lyell and Modern Geology," Prof. T.G. Bonney, London, 1895.) -"Antiquity of Man." -on Barrande. -cautious attitude towards "Origin of Species." -cautious judgment of. -on Cetacea. -Copley medal awarded to. -on continental extension. -controversy with Owen. -Darwin's pleasure in reading his "Geology." -on distribution. -Falconer and. -German opinion of. -on immutability. -interest in celts. -letters to. -letters to Darwin from. -map of Tertiary geography by. -on mutability. -on pangenesis. -"Principles of Geology." -on Ramsay's theory of lakes. -urges Darwin to publish his views with those of Wallace. -visits Down. -work in France. -address to Geological Society. -attacked by Owen in his "Anatomy of Vertebrata." -criticism of Murchison. -on craters of denudation. -Darwin's indebtedness to. -death of. -death of his father. -gives up opposition to Evolution. -on glaciers of Forfarshire. -on glacial period in S. hemisphere. -versus Herschel on volcanic islands. -on iceberg action. -memorial in Westminster Abbey. -on Parallel Roads of Glen Roy. -as founder of school of Geology. -second visit to the United States. -trip to Wales. -mentioned.

Lyell, Lady, letter to. -translation of paper for Darwin. -visits Down. -mentioned.

Lynch, R.I.

Lythraceae, dimorphism in.

Lythrum, cross-fertilisation of. -Darwin's work on. -trimorphism of. -L. hyssopifolium, range of. -L. salicaria, dimorphism of. -Darwin's work on.

Macacas, Owen on. -M. Silenus, mane as a protection.

Macalister, Prof. A.

Macarthur, Sir W., on Erythrina.

Macaw, beauty of plumage.

McClennan, on primitive man.

MacCulloch, on Glen Turret. -on metamorphic rocks. -on Parallel Roads of Glen Roy.

M'Donnell, Darwin on work of.

Macgillivray, reference to his "History of British Birds."

Machetes pugnax, polygamy of.

Mackintosh, Daniel (1815-91): was well-known in the South of England as a lecturer on scientific subjects. He contributed several papers to the Geological Society on Surface Sculpture, Denudation, Drift Deposits, etc. In 1869 he published a work "On the Scenery of England and Wales" (see "Geol. Mag." 1891, page 432. -on boulders of Ashley Heath. -letters to. -on Moel Tryfan. -on sources of erratic blocks in England.

McNab, Prof., J. Scott and. -mentioned.

Macrauchenia, skull of.

Madagascar, existence of insects capable of fertilising Angraecum in. -fossil Hippopotamus of. -Owen on fauna of. -plants of. -former extension of. -as a geographical region. -Viola of.

Madeira, birds of. -British plants compared with those of. -Canary Islands formerly connected with. -flora of. -insects of. -land-extension, of. -land-shells of. -Lowe on. -Tertiary plants of. -elevation of.

Maer, the home of the Wedgwoods.

Magellan Straits, H.M.S. "Beagle" in.

Magnus, review by Krause of his work on colour.

Magpies, pairing of.

Mahon, Lord, compliment to Darwin.

Mahonia, natural crossing of.

Maillet, evolutionary views of.

Maize, hybrids of, see also Zea.

Malaxeae, and Epidendreae.

Malaxis, course of vessels in flower. -fertilisation of.

Malaxis paludosa, epiphytic on Sphagnum.

Malay archipelago, Darwin on Wallace's book on. -translation by Meyer of Wallace's book.

Malay region, glacial epoch and the. -Wallace on butterflies and pigeons of.

Malpighiaceae, degraded flowers of. -Erythroxylon included in.

Malta, Forbes on geology of.

Malthus, Darwin derives help from reading. -Haughton sneers at. -misunderstood.

Malva.

Mammae, as rudimentary organs in man.

Mammals, alteration in skulls of. -Australian cave-. -birds compared with. -Dana's classification. -distribution. -as indices of climatic changes. -as proof of union between England and Continent since Glacial period. -Waterhouse's "Natural History" of. -Glacial period and extinction of. -Origin and migration.

Mammoth (Bog).

Mammoth, Darwin's eagerness to collect bones of. -Falconer on the.

Man, antiquity of (see "Antiquity of Man," and Lyell, Sir C.). -and apes. -brain of. -criticism of Lyell's chapter on. -Huxley's book on. -McClennan on primitive. -and Natural Selection. -origin of. -races of. -selection by Nature contrasted with selection by. -slow progress of. -Darwin on Wallace's paper on. -descent of. -ears of. -geological age of. -and geological classification. -hairyness of. -introduction of. -rank in classification. -Turner on evolution of. -Wallace on evolution of.

Mankind, descent from single pair. -early history of. -progress of.

Mantell, Owen's attack on.

"Manual of Scientific Inquiry," Darwin's.

Manx cats.

Maranta, sleep-movements of.

Marble, MacCulloch on metamorphism of.

Marianne Islands, subsidence of. -want of knowledge of flora.

Marion, "L'evolution du Regne vegetal," by Saporta and.

Marlatt, C.L., on Cicada.

Marquesas Islands, subsidence of.

Marr, J.E., on the rocks of Bohemia. -mentioned.

Marriage, Darwin on. -Galton's proposal to issue health-certificates for.

Marshall, W., on Elodea.

Marsupialia, compared with placentata. -Darwin on nature of. -evidence of antiquity. -abundance in Secondary period.

Martens, see Martins.

Martha (=Posoqueria), F. Muller's paper on.

Martin, H.N., Darwin's opinion of "Elementary Biology" by Huxley and.

Martins, experiments on immersion of seeds in sea by.

Maruta cotula of N. America.

Masdevallia, Darwin's work on.

Massart, on regeneration after injury.

Masters, M., letters to. -lecture at Royal Institution. -"Vegetable Teratology."

Mastodon, Australian. -extinction of. -Falconer on. -in Timor. -migration into S. America. -skeleton found by Darwin. -M. andium, Falconer on intermediate character of.

"Materialism of the Present day," Janet's.

Matteucci on electric fishes.

Matthew, P., on forest trees in Scotland. -quoted by Darwin as having enunciated principle of Natural Selection before "Origin."

Maurienne, note on earthquake in province of.

Mauritius, craters of. -elevation of. -extinction of snakes of. -oceanic character of.

Maury's map, as illustrating continental extension.

Maxillaria.

Maypu River, Darwin visits.

Mays, J.A., publishes lectures by Huxley.

Medals: -(Copley), Darwin, Lyell. -(Royal). -(Wollaston), Darwin.

Medical Department of Army, statistics from Director-General of.

Meditation, expression of eyes in.

Mediterranean Islands, flora of.

Medusae, Romanes' work on.

Meehan, T., letter to.

Megalonyx.

Megatherium, Darwin collects bones of. -Sir A. Carlisle on.

Melastoma, Darwin on.

Melastomaceae, Darwin on. -crossing in. -two kinds of stamens in.

Meldola, Prof. Raphael F.R.S.: Professor of Chemistry in Finsbury Technical College (City and Guilds of London Institute), and a well- known entomologist; translated and edited Weismann's "Studies in the Theory of Descent," 1882-83. -address to Entomological Society. -letters to. -translation of Weismann's "Studies in Descent" by. -on Weismann and Darwin. -mentioned.

Melipona.

Meloe, Lord Avebury on.

Melrose, seeds from sandpit near.

Memorial to the Chancellor of the Exchequer.

Mendel, G., W. Bateson on his "Principles of Heredity." -Darwin ignorant of work of. -Laxton and.

Mendoza, Darwin visits.

"Mental Evolution in Animals," Romanes'.

Mentha, of N. America. -M. borealis, variety in N. America.

Menura superba, colour and nests of.

Menzies and Cumming, visit Galapagos Islands.

Mercurialis.

Mertensia, Darwin's experiments on.

Mesembryanthemum.

Mesotherium, Falconer on.

Metamorphic schists.

Metamorphism, Darwin on. -heat and. -Sorby on.

Metamorphosis, Lord Avebury on insects and. -F. Muller on. -Quatrefages on.

Meteorites, Lord Kelvin suggests their agency in introduction of plants.

"Methods of Study," Agassiz' book on.

Mexicans, explanation of natural affinities of Chinese and.

Meyen, on insectivorous plants.

Meyer, Dr., translator of Wallace's "Malay Archipelago."

Meyer and Doege, on plants of Cape of Good Hope.

Mica, in foliated rocks.

Mica-slate, clay-slate and.

Mice, ears of. -experiments by Tait on.

Microscope, Darwin on convenient form of. -indispensable in work on flowers. -use of compound without simple, injurious to progress of Natural History.

Migration of animals and plants. -Darwin on plant-. -of elephants. -Glacial period and. -of plants. -in tropics. -of birds.

Mikania, a leaf-climber. -M. scandens, gradation between Mutisia and.

Mill, J.S., on Darwin's reasoning. -on greatest happiness principle.

Miller, Hugh, "First Impressions of England and its People."

Miller, S.H., "Fenland Past and Present" by Skertchley and.

Miller, Prof. William Hallowes, F.R.S. (1801-80), held the Chair of Mineralogy at Cambridge from 1832 to 1880 (see "Obituary Notices of Fellows," "Proc. R. Soc." Volume XXXI., 1881). He is referred to in the "Origin of Species" (Edition VI., page 221) as having verified Darwin's statement as to the structure of the comb made by Melipona domestica, a Mexican species of bee. The cells of Melipona occupy an intermediate position between the perfect cells of the hive-bee and the much simpler ones of the humble-bee; the comb consists "of cylindrical cells in which the young are hatched, and, in addition, some large cells of wax for holding honey. These latter cells are nearly spherical and of nearly equal sizes, and are aggregated into an irregular mass. But the important point to notice is that these cells are always made at that degree of nearness to each other that they would have intersected or broken into each other if the spheres had been completed; but this is never permitted, the bees building perfectly flat walls of wax between the spheres which thus tend to intersect." It occurred to Darwin that certain changes in the architecture of the Melipona comb would produce a structure "as perfect as the comb of the hive-bee." He made a calculation, therefore, to show how this structural improvement might be effected, and submitted the statement to Professor Miller. By a slight modification of the instincts possessed by Melipona domestica, this bee would be able to build with as much mathematical accuracy as the hive-bee; and by such modifications of instincts Darwin believed that "the hive-bee has acquired, through natural selection, her inimitable architectural powers" (loc. cit., page 222). -letters to.

Million years, Darwin on meaning of a.

Milne-Edwards, Darwin's cirripede work and. -Darwin's opinion of. -on retrograde development.

Milne-Home, David (1805-90): was a country gentleman in Berwickshire who became interested in geology at an early age. He wrote on the Midlothian Coal-field, the Geology of Roxburghshire, the Parallel Roads of Glen Roy, and compiled the Reports presented by a Committee appointed by the Royal Society of Edinburgh to investigate the observation and registration of boulders in Scotland ("Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc." Volume XLVII., 1891; "Proc." page 59). -believes in connection between state of weather and earthquakes. -on Glen Roy. -letters to. -letter from R. Chambers to. -on oscillation of sea.

Milton, quotation from.

Mimicry, Bates on. -and dimorphism. -Volucella as an example of. -Wallace on. -and colour. -F. Muller on Lepidoptera and.

Mimosa, Darwin's experiments on. -M. albida, Darwin on. -M. sensitiva.

Mimoseae, F. Muller's account of seeds of.

Mimulus, Pfeffer on movement of stigma.

Mind, development of. -evolution of. -influence on nutrition.

Miocene land.

Miquel, F.A.W., on Flora of Holland. -on distribution of the beech. -on flora of Japan. -mentioned.

Mirabilis.

Mirbel, G.F.B. de.

Miscellaneous letters, botanical. -geological.

Miscellaneous subjects, letters on.

Mississippi, Lyell on pampas and deposits of the.

Mitchella.

Mivart, St. George F.R.S. (1827-1900): was educated at Harrow, King's College, London, and St. Mary's College, Oscott. He was called to the Bar in 1851; in 1862 he was appointed Lecturer in the Medical School of St. Mary's Hospital. In the "Genesis of Species," published in 1871, Mivart expressed his belief in the guiding action of Divine power as a factor in Evolution. -false reasoning of. -"Genesis of Species."

Modification, Darwin's disbelief in sudden. -explanation of. -of insects. -of jays and crows. -of land and freshwater faunas. -selection and. -of species. -Walsh on specific.

Moel Tryfan, Darwin on shells on. -Mackintosh on shells on.

Moggridge, J. Traherne (1842-74): is described by a writer in "Nature"