Chapter 4

" II.--Of Turnerian Topography. 16 " III.--Of Turnerian Light. 34 " IV.--Of Turnerian Mystery: First, as Essential. 56 " V.--Of Turnerian Mystery: Secondly, Wilful. 68 " VI.--The Firmament. 82 " VII.--The Dry Land. 89 " VIII.--Of the Materials of Mountains: First, Compact Crystallines. 99 " IX.--Of the Materials of Mountains: Secondly, Slaty Crystallines. 113 " X.--Of the Materials of Mountains: Thirdly, Slaty Coherents. 122 " XI.--Of the Materials of Mountains: Fourthly, Compact Coherents. 127 " XII.--Of the Sculpture of Mountains: First, the Lateral Ranges. 137 " XIII.--Of the Sculpture of Mountains: Secondly, the Central Peaks. 157 " XIV.--Resulting Forms: First, Aiguilles. 173 " XV.--Resulting Forms: Second, Crests. 195 " XVI.--Resulting Forms: Third, Precipices. 228 " XVII.--Resulting Forms: Fourthly, Banks. 262 " XVIII.--Resulting Forms: Fifthly, Stones. 301 " XIX.--The Mountain Gloom. 317 " XX.--The Mountain Glory. 344

APPENDIX.

I. Modern Grotesque. 385 II. Rock Cleavage. 391 III. Logical Education. 399

LIST OF PLATES TO VOL. IV.

Drawn by Engraved by

Frontispiece. The Gates of the Hills _J. M. W. Turner_ J. COUSEN

Plate Facing page

18. The Transition from _Ghirlandajo and Ghirlandajo to Claude Claude_ J. H. LE KEUX 1 19. The Picturesque of _Stanfield and Windmills Turner_ J. H. LE KEUX 7 20. The Pass of Faïdo. 1. Simple Topography _The Author_ THE AUTHOR 22 21. The Pass of Faïdo 2. Turnerian Topography _J. M. W. Turner_ THE AUTHOR 24 22. Turner's Earliest Nottingham _J. M. W. Turner_ T. BOYS 29 23. Turner's Latest Nottingham _J. M. W. Turner_ T. BOYS 30 24. The Towers of Fribourg _The Author_ J. C. ARMYTAGE 32 25. Things in General _The Author_ J. H. LE KEUX 32 26. The Law of Evanescence _The Author_ R. P. CUFF 71 27. The Aspen under Idealization _Turner, etc._ J. COUSEN 76 28. The Aspen Unidealized _The Author_ J. C. ARMYTAGE 77 29. Aiguille Structure _The Author_ J. C. ARMYTAGE 160 30. The Ideal of Aiguilles _The Author, etc._ R. P. CUFF 177 31. The Aiguille Blaitière _The Author_ J. C. ARMYTAGE 185 32. Aiguille-drawing _Turner, etc._ J. H. LE KEUX 191 33. Contours of Aiguille Bouchard _The Author_ R. P. CUFF 204 34. Cleavage of Aiguille Bouchard _The Author_ THE AUTHOR 211 35. Crests of La Côte and Taconay _The Author_ THE AUTHOR 212 36. Crest of La Côte _The Author_ T. LUPTON 213 37. Crests of the Slaty Crystallines _J. M. W. Turner_ THE AUTHOR 222 38. The Cervin, from the East and North-east _The Author_ J. C. ARMYTAGE 233 39. The Cervin from the North-west _The Author_ J. C. ARMYTAGE 238 40. The Mountains of Villeneuve _The Author_ J. H. LE KEUX 246 12. A. The Shores of Wharfe _J. M. W. Turner_ THOS. LUPTON 251 41. The Rocks of Arona _The Author_ J. H. LE KEUX 255 42. Leaf Curvature Magnolia and Laburnum _The Author_ R. P. CUFF 269 43. Leaf Curvature Dead Laurel _The Author_ R. P. CUFF 269 44. Leaf Curvature Young Ivy _The Author_ R. P. CUFF 269 45. Débris Curvature _The Author_ R. P. CUFF 285 46. The Buttresses of an Alp _The Author_ J. H. LE KEUX 286 47. The Quarry of Carrara _The Author_ J. H. LE KEUX 299 48. Bank of Slaty Crystallines _Daguerreotype_ J. C. ARMYTAGE 304 49. Truth and Untruth of Stones _Turner and Claude_ THOS. LUPTON 308 50. Goldau _J. M. W. Turner_ J. COUSEN 312