CHAPTER III.

NAVAL WARFARE.

Robbery the first object of maritime warfare 66

The piratical origin of European navies 67

Merciless character of wars at sea 69

Fortunes made by privateering in England 71

Privateers commissioned by the State 72

Privateers defended by the publicists 73

Distinction between privateering and piracy 73

Failure of the State to regulate privateering 74

Privateering condemned by Lord Nelson 77

Privateering abolished by the declaration of Paris in 1856 78

Modern feeling against seizure of private property at sea 79

Naval warfare in days of wooden ships 80

Unlawful methods of maritime war 81

The Emperor Leo VI.’s ‘Treatise on Tactics’ 83

The use of fire-ships 84

Death the penalty for serving in fire-ships 85

Torpedoes originally regarded as ‘bad’ war 85

English and French doctrine of rights of neutrals 86

Enemy’s property under neutral flag secured by Treaty of Paris 87

Shortcomings of the Treaty of Paris with regard to--

1. A definition of what is contraband 88

2. The right of search of vessels under convoy 88

3. The practice of Embargoes 89

4. The _Jus Angariæ_ 90

The International Marine Code of the future 91