Part 9

1. The reporting letter should be addressed to: Bird Banding Office, Patuxent Research Refuge, Fish and Wildlife Service, Laurel, Md.

2. In the letter print the full number of the band, including the series designation and the serial number. The series designation may be a single letter or a two- or three-digit number and may be stamped to the left or over the serial number. The series designation, if a number such as "48" or "50," is not a date and should not be so interpreted. Full numbers are correctly written as: A-678901; 48-345920; 141-543678; 20-167; 496-00517; etc.

3. If the bird is alive and uninjured, read the number carefully without removing the band, and release the bird. It may be reported again. If it is dead, remove the band and, after flattening it out, attach it to the letter with scotch tape or surgical adhesive tape. Should it be desired as a souvenir, it will be returned upon request.

4. Give in the report the exact date, the location (town, county, State, etc.) and the manner in which the bird was obtained, that is, whether it was shot, found dead, trapped, etc.

5. Print your own name and permanent address clearly on the letter.

6. Keep a record of the band number and refer to it should there be any subsequent correspondence about it with the Service. The number is always the clue to any record of a banded bird.

Some bands may bear the inscription "Notify F. and Wildlife Service, Washington, D. C." or "Notify Biological Survey, Washington, D. C.," and on the smaller sizes these may be abbreviated to "F. and W. Serv. Wash. D. C." or "Biol. Surv. Wash. D. C."

All reports of the recovery of banded birds will be acknowledged with the name of the bird, the date and place where it was banded, and the name and address of the bander.

The banding of birds is done by regular officers of the United States and Dominion Services, by biologists and technicians of the States and Provinces, and by volunteer cooperators who are specially licensed under the provisions of the Migratory Bird Treaty Act. The banding of migratory waterfowl is largely restricted to Federal and State officers and is done chiefly in refuge areas. Most nongame birds are banded by volunteer cooperators who are scattered over the United States, Canada, and Alaska. The bands are furnished without charge by the Service but each station operator supplies his own traps and other equipment.

To participate in this work, certain rules must be adhered to. Applicants for banding permits:

1. Must be at least 18 years of age.

2. Must be thoroughly competent to identify positively all local birds.

3. Must have their ability vouched for by three recognized ornithologists or by other banders.

Application blanks for the Federal permits required may be obtained from the Bird Banding Office, Patuxent Research Refuge, Fish and Wildlife Service, Laurel, Md., or, in Canada, from the Chief, Dominion Wildlife Service, Ottawa, Ontario.

_Bibliography_

Since almost every faunal paper on birds has a bearing on the subject of migration, only a few can be listed in this publication. Those included were selected to aid the student wishing to pursue the subject further and to cover not only all cited in the text but also others consulted and used in its preparation.

Allard, H. A.

1928. Bird migration from the point of view of light and length of day changes. Am. Naturalist 62, pp. 385-408.

Austin, O. L., Jr.

1928. Migration-routes of the Arctic tern (_Sterna paradisaea_ Brunnich). Northeastern Bird Banding Assn. Bull., vol, 4, pp. 121-125.

Baird, S. F.

1866. The distribution and migration of North American birds. Am. Jour. Sci., vol. 41, pp. 78-90, 184-192, 337-347.

Bergtold, W. H.

1926. Avian gonads and migration. The Condor, vol. 28, pp. 114-120.

Bissonette, Thomas Hume

1936. Normal progressive changes in the ovary of the starling (_Sturnus vulgaris_) from December to April. The Auk, vol. 53, pp. 31-50, illus.

1939. Sexual photoperiodicity in the blue jay (_Cyanocitta cristata_). Wilson Bull., vol. 51, pp. 227-232, pis. 9-11.

Clark, Austin H.

1925. Animal flight. Sci. Monthly, vol. 20, pp. 5-20. Clarke, W. E.

1912. Studies in bird migration. 2 vol., illus. London. Cooke, May Thacher

1937. Flight speed of birds. U. S. Dept. Agr. Cir. 428, 13 pp.

1945. Transoceanic recoveries of banded birds. Bird-Banding, vol. 16, No. 4, pp. 123-129.

Cooke, W. W.

1888. Report on bird migration in the Mississippi Valley in the years 1884 and 1885. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Econ. Ornith. Bull. 2, 313 pp., illus.

1904. Distribution and migration of North American warblers. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Biol. Survey Bull. 18, 142 pp.

1904. The effect of altitude on bird migration. The Auk, vol. 21, pp. 338-341.

1905a. Routes of bird migration. The Auk, vol. 22, pp. 1-11.

1905b. The winter ranges of the warblers (_Mniotiltidae_). The Auk, vol. 22, pp. 296-299.

1906. Distribution and migration of North American ducks, geese, and swans. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Biol. Survey Bull, 26, 90 pp.

1908. Averaging migration dates. The Auk, vol. 25, pp. 485-486.

1910. Distribution and migration of North American shore birds. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Biol. Survey Bull. 35, 100 pp., illus.

1913a. Distribution and migration of North American herons and their allies. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Biol. Survey Bull. 45, 70 pp., illus.

1913b. The relation of bird migration to the weather. The Auk, vol. 30, pp. 205-221, illus.

1914. Distribution and migration of North American rails and their allies. U. S. Dept. Agr. Bull. 128, 50 pp. illus,

1915a. Bird migration. U. S. Dept. Agr. Bull. 185, 47 pp., illus.

1915b. Bird migration in the Mackenzie Valley. The Auk, vol. 32, pp. 442-459, illus.

1915c. Distribution and migration of North American gulls and their allies. U. S. Dept. Agr. Bull. 292, 70 pp., illus.

1915d. The yellow-billed loon: A problem in migration. The Condor, vol. 17, pp. 213-214.

Coues, E.

1878. Birds of the Colorado Valley, a repository of scientific and popular information concerning North American ornithology. U. S. Dept. Interior Misc. Pub. II, 807 pp., illus.

DeLury, Ralph E.

1938. Sunspot Influences. Jour. Royal Astron. Soc. of Can., pt. 1, March 1938, pt. 2, April 1938, 50 pp.

Dixon, Joseph

1916. Migration of the yellow-billed loon. The Auk, vol. 33, No. 4, pp. 370-376.

Eaton, Richard Jefferson

1933-34. The migratory movements of certain colonies of herring gulls. Bird-Banding, vol. 4, No. 4, pp. 165-176; vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 1-19; vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 70-84.

Earner, Donald S.

1945. The return of robins to their birthplaces. Bird-Banding, vol. 16, No. 3, pp. 81-99.

Furlong, W. R.

1933. Land-birds in a gale at sea. Bird Lore, vol. 35, No. 5, pp. 263-265.

Gätke, H.

1895. Heligoland as an ornithological observatory, the results of fifty years' experience. (Transl. from the German by R. Rosenstock). 599 pp., illus. Edinburgh.

Gordon, Donald A.

1948. Some considerations of bird migration: continental drift and bird migration. Science, vol. 108, pp. 705-711.

Griffin, Donald R.

1940. Homing experiments with Leach's petrels. The Auk, vol. 57, No. 1, pp. 61-74.

1943. Homing experiments with herring gulls and common terns. Bird-Banding, vol. 14, No. 1 and 2, pp. 7-33.

1944. The sensory basis of bird navigation. Quart. Rev. of Biol., vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 15-31.

Grinnell, J.

1931. Some angles in the problem of bird migration. The Auk, vol. 48, pp. 22-32.

Gross, A. O.

1927. The snowy owl migration of 1926-27. The Auk, vol. 44, pp. 479-493, illus.

1947. Cyclic invasions of the snowy owl and the migration of 1945-46. The Auk, vol. 64, No. 4, pp. 584-601.

Harrison, T. H.

1931. On the normal flight speeds of birds. Brit. Birds, vol. 25, pp. 86-96. Jaeger, Edmund C.

1948. Does the poor-will "hibernate"? The Condor, vol. 50, p. 45.

1949. Further observations on the hibernation of the poor-will. The Condor, vol. 51, pp. 105-109.

Lewis, Harrison F.

1937. Migrations of the American brant (_Branta bernicla hrota_). The Auk, vol. 54, pp. 73-95.

Lincoln, F. C.

1917. Bohemian waxwing (_Bombycilla garrula_) in Colorado. The Auk, vol. 34, p. 341.

1922. Trapping ducks for banding purposes: with an account of the results obtained from one waterfowl station. The Auk, vol. 39, pp. 322-334, illus.

1924a. Banding notes on the migration of the pintail. The Condor, vol. 26, pp. 88-90.

1924b. Returns from banded birds, 1920 to 1923, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bull.

1268, 56 pp., illus.

1926. The migration of the cackling goose. The Condor, vol. 28, pp. 153-157, illus.

1927a. Notes on the migration of young common terns. Northeastern Bird Banding Assoc. Bull., vol. 3, pp. 23-28, illus.

1927b. Returns from banded birds, 1923 to 1926. U. S. Dept. Agr. Tech. Bull. No. 32, 95 pp., illus.

1928. The migration of young North American herring gulls. The Auk, vol. 45, pp. 49-59.

1934a. Distribution and migration of the redhead (_Nyroca americana_). Trans. 20th Am. Game Conf., pp. 280-287, map.

1934b. The operation of homing instinct. Bird-Banding, vol. 5, No. 4, pp. 149-155.

1935a. Ancestral highways of the sky. American Forests, vol. 41, No. 4, pp. 157, 159, and 196, 4 figs.

1935b. The migration of North American birds. U. S. Dept. Agr. Cir. 363, 72 pp., 29 figs., bibliog.

1935c. The waterfowl flyways of North America. U. S. Dept. Agr, Cir. 342, 12 pp., illus.

1936. Trans-Atlantic flight of gull-billed tern. The Auk, vol. 53, No. 3,

1937a. The enigma of bird migration. Sci. Digest, vol. 1. No. 5, pp. 63-65.

1937b. Our greatest travelers. In "The Book of Birds," Nat. Geog. Soc, vol. 2, pp. 301-350, 1937.

1939a. The migration of American birds. Doubleday, Doran & Co., New York, pp. i-xii and 1-189, col. pl. i-xii, maps 1-22.

1939b. The individual vs. the species in migration studies. The Auk, vol. 56, No. 3, pp. 250-254.

1940. When the dove travels. Outdoor Georgia, vol. 1. No. 4, pp. 9 and 22 (1 map).

1941. The waterfowl flyways. "Wild Ducks," Am. Wildlife Inst., pp. 20-29.

1942a. La migración de aves en el Hemisferio Occidental. Pub. and dist. by Panam. Sec. of the Int. Comm. for the Protection of Birds. Pp. 1-12, illus. (maps). Both Spanish and English versions.

1942b. Migration routes and flyways. In "Ducks, Geese and Swans of North America," by Francis H. Kortright, Am. Wildlife Inst., pp. 47-53.

1944a. Regulation by flyways. Am. Rifleman, vol. 92, No. 11, pp. 21-23, 26, illus. (3 maps).

1944b. Chimney swift winter range discovered. The Auk, vol. 61, No. 4, pp. 604-609, map.

1945a. The mourning dove as a game bird. Fish and Wildlife Serv. Cir. 10, pp. 1-8, illus.

1945b. Flyway regulations. Trans. 10th N. A. Wildlife Conf., pp. 50-51.

1946. Keeping up with the waterfowl. Audubon Mag., vol. 48, No. 3, pp. 194-205, 7 illus., 10 maps. Reprinted as Fish and Wildlife Serv. Leaflet 294, April 1947, pp. 1-10.

1949. The Mississippi flyway. Lead-off chapter in "Wildfowling in the Mississippi Flyway" ed. by Eugene V. Connett, D. Van Nostrand Co., New York, pp. 1-18, map, 12 photos.

Lowery, George H.

1945, Trans-Gulf spring migration of birds and the coastal hiatus. Wilson Bull., vol. 57, No. 2, pp. 92-121, pis. 9, 10.

1946. Evidence of trans-Gulf migration. The Auk, vol. 63, No. 2, pp. 175-211.

McMillan, Neil T.

1938. Birds and the wind. Bird Lore, vol. 40, No. 6, 3 plates. Reprinted Smithsonian Kept, for 1939, pp. 355-363.

Magee, M. J.

1928. Evening grosbeak recoveries. Northeastern Bird Banding Assoc. Bull., vol. 4, pp. 56-59.

Main, John S.

1932. The influence of temperature on migration. Wilson Bull., vol. 44, pp. 10-12.

May, J. B.

1929. Recoveries of black-crowned night herons banded in Massachusetts. Northeastern Bird Banding Assoc. Bull., vol. 5, pp. 7-16, illus.

Palmén, J. A.

1893. Report on the migration of birds. Transl. from the German by C. W. Shoemaker. Smithsonian Inst. Ann. Rept., 1892, pp. 375-396, illus.

Phillips, J. C. and F. C. Lincoln

1930. American waterfowl: their present situation and the outlook for their future. Houghton Mifflin Co., Cambridge, Mass., pp. i-xv, 1-312, illus.

Pough, Richard H.

1948. Out of the night sky. Audubon Mag., vol. 50, No. 6, pp. 354-355, illus.

Rense, William A.

1946. Astronomy and ornithology. Popular Astron., vol. 54, No. 2, pp. 1-19. Robbins, Chandler S.

1949. Weather and bird migration. The Wood Thrush, vol. 4, No. 4, pp. 130-144.

Rowan, W.

1925. Relation of light to bird migration and developmental changes. Nature [London] vol. 115, pp. 494-495.

1926. On photoperiodism, reproductive periodicity, and the annual migrations of birds and certain fishes. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. Proc., vol. 38, pp. 147-189.

1930a. Experiments in bird migration. II. Reversed migration. Nat. Acad. Sci. Proc, vol. 16, p. 520-525.

1930b. The mechanism of bird migration. Sci. Progress, vol. 25, pp. 70-78.

1931. The riddle of migration. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, pp. i-xiv, 1-151, illus.

Snyder, L. L.

1943. The snowy owl migration of 1941-42. Wilson Bull. vol. 55, No. 1, pp. 8-10.

Taverner, P. A.

1935. Continental land masses and their effect upon bird life. The Condor, vol. 37, pp. 160-162, 2 illus.

Warner, Lucien H.

1931. The present status of the problems of orientation and homing by birds. Quart. Rev. of Biol., vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 208-214.

Watson, J. B., and K. S. Lashley

1915. An historical and experimental study of homing. Carnegie Inst. Washington, Dept. Marine Biol. Papers, vol. 7, pp. 1-60, illus.

Wetmore, A.

1923. Migration records from wild ducks and other birds banded in the Salt Lake Valley, Utah. U. S. Dept. Agr. Bull. 1145, 16 pp., illus.

1926. The migration of birds. Harvard Univ. Press, Cambridge, Mass., pp. i-viii, 1-217, illus.

1932. Bird migration. Sci. Monthly, vol. 34, pp. 459-462.

Williams, George G.

1945. Do birds cross the Gulf of Mexico in Spring? The Auk, vol. 62, No. 1, pp. 98-111, map.

1947. Lowery on trans-Gulf migration. The Auk, vol. 64, No. 2, pp. 217-237.

Winkenwerder, H. A.

1902. The migration of birds with special reference to nocturnal flight. Wisconsin Nat. Hist. Soc. vol. 2 n. s. pp. 177-263, illus.

Wolfson, Albert

1940. A preliminary report on some experiments on bird migration. The Condor, vol. 42, No. 2, pp. 93-99.

1945. The role of the pituitary, fat deposition, and body weight in bird migration. The Condor, vol. 47, No. 3, pp. 95-127.

1948. Bird migration and the concept of continental drift. Science, vol. 108, No. 2793, pp. 23-30.

Woodbury, Angus M.

1941. Animal migration--periodic response theory. The Auk, vol. 58, pp. 463-505.

Yeagley, Henry L.

1947. A preliminary study of a physical basis of bird navigation. Jour. Applied Physics, vol. 18, No. 12, pp. 1035-1063.

_Index_

Advantages of migration, 6 Aerial obstructions, 76 Altitudes of travel, 26 Ancestral home theory, 8 Arctic route, 68 Aristotle, 2, 4, 5 Atlantic coast route, 53 Atlantic oceanic route, 48

Baldpate, 62 Banding studies, 81, 92 Blackbird, 32, 33, 60 Brewer's, 32 European, 4 red-winged, 22, 32, 33, 35, 37 rusty, 70 yellow-headed, 32 Bluebird, 9, 34, 37, 81 Bluethroat, 19 Bobolink, 32, 55, 56 (map), 69, 70, 71 Bobwhite, 32, 34, 82, 83 Brant, 57, 58 Atlantic, 57 Black, 68 Bullbat, 32 Bunting, snow, 34

Canvasback, 58 Cardinal, 34, 82 Chickadee, 7, 72 black-capped, 83 Carolina, 83 Chuck-wills-widow, 55 Clarke, W. E., 4, 6 Compsothlypidae, 32 Conclusions, 85 Continental drift, theory of, 11 Coot, 55 Coues, Elliott, 4 Cowbird, 29 Crane, 2, 4, 6, 16, 26, 27, 28 Creeper, brown, 75 Crossbill, 7, 32, 74 Crow, 20, 22, 32 Clark's, 73 Cuckoo, black-billed, 55 yellow-billed, 55

Diurnal migration, 15 Diving birds, 16 Dove, 4 mourning, 19 turtle, 2, 6 Duck, 2, 15, 16, 19, 20, 21, 32, 33, 37, 42, 58, 60, 61, 62, 68 black, 20, 33, 58, 61 eider, 68 scaup, 58 sea, 59, 63

Eel, 29 Egret, 73 Eider, 68 Evolution of migration routes, 70 Exhaustion, 78

Falcon, peregrine, 19 Fall flights, 37 Finch, 43 house, 82 purple, 74 rosy, 72 Fishes, 29 Flicker, 70 Flight speed, 18 Flycatcher, 15, 19, 31 Fly ways, 46 Atlantic, 49 (map), 58 Mississippi, 50 (map) Central, 51 (map) Pacific, 52 (map)

Gätke, Heinrich, 19 Goose, 2, 4, 15, 16, 19, 20, 21, 33, 59, 60, 61, 62 blue, 22, 32, 61, 62 cackling, 63 Canada, 15, 21, 22 (map), 32, 58, 59, 81 emperor, 68 Ross's, 64 (map) snow, 32, 72 Gordon, Donald A., 30 Goshawk, 12 Grackle, 37 bronzed, 32 Great Lakes route, 60 Grebe, 34 Grosbeak, 45, 74 black-headed, 37 evening, 74 pine, 72 rose-breasted, 33, 45, 46 (map) Gross, Alfred O., 74 Groups, movements of, 12 Grouse, ruffed, 82 Gull, 16, 68, 73, 78 herring, 73 Ross's, 68

Hawk, 2, 16, 19, 26, 34, 42 broad-winged, 16 Cooper's, 16 duck, 19, 20 red-tailed, 16 rough-legged, 16 sharp-shinned, 16 Swainson's, 16 Herodotus, 2 Heron, 19, 20, 73 black-crowned night, 73 little blue, 73 snowy, 73 Hesiod, 2 Hesperornis, 11 Hibernation, 4 Homer, 2 Homing instinct, 30 Hummingbird, ruby-throated, 79

Ichthyornis, 11 Influence of weather, 80 Insects, 29

Jacksnipe, 37 Jaeger, Edmund C., 5 Jaeger, parasitic, 68 Jay, blue, 34, 83 Junco, 10, 34, 72 slate-colored, 37, 70, 75

Kingbird, 32, 42, 55 Kingfisher, belted, 34 Kinglet, 77 golden-crowned, 75 Kite, 4 Kittiwake, red-legged, 68 Knot, 11, 42

Lapwing, 28 Lark, horned, 19 meadow, 34, 76 Lewis, Harrison F., 57 Lincoln, Frederick C., 5 Long distance migrations, 38 Longspur, 34, 76 Lapland, 37, 75 Loon, 16 yellow-billed, 84, 85

Mackenzie Valley route, 60 Magnetic sense, 30 Magnus, Olaus, 4 Mallard, 22, 31, 33, 58 Man-o'-war bird, 30 Martin, purple, 12 Migration, advantages of, 6 altitudes, 26 distances, 38 diurnal, 15 fall, 37 historical accounts, 4 long distance, 38 mystery of, 4 nocturnal, 15 origin, 7 perils, 75 problems, 81 routes, 41 segregation during, 31 short, 34 species and groups, 12 speed, 18 theories of causes, 7 undetermined, 34 vagrant, 73 variable, 35 vertical, 72 weather, 80 Mississippi Valley route, 60 Mockingbird, 83 Movements of residents, 82 Movements of species and groups, 12 Murre, 29 Mystery of migration, 4

Nighthawk, 9, 16, 32, 38, 55, 60, 70 Nocturnal migration, 15 Northern ancestral home theory, 8 Nutcracker, Clark's, 73 Nuthatch, 7 white-breasted, 83

Orientation, 28 Origin of migration, 7 Oriole, 15 orchard, 9 Ovenbird, 70, 78, 80 Owl, great horned, 34 screech, 83 snowy, 12, 74

Pacific coast route, 63 Pacific oceanic route, 66 Passerella iliaca, 35 Pelican, 4, 16, 26 Perils, aerial obstructions, 76 exhaustion, 78 migration, 75 storms, 75 Pewee, western wood, 72 Phalarope, 33 northern, 27 Photoperiodism, theory of, 9 Pigeon, homing, 30, 31 Pintail, 22, 55, 62, 79 Pipit, 73 Pliny, 4 Plover, 15 golden, 11, 19, 48, 49, 51, 54 (map), 66, 68, 71, 79 upland, 15 Poor-will, 5 Problems, migration, 81 banding studies, 81 migration of the white-throated sparrow, 84 migration of the yellow-billed loon, 84 movements of residents, 82

Quail, 2, 34 California, 82 migratory, 2

Rail, 4, 15 Carolina, 79 Raven, 19 Redhead, 58, 62, 85 Redpoll, 12 Redstart, 14, 45, 47 (map), 70, 78 Residents, movements of, 82 Robin, 9, 22, 24, 33, 34, 35, 61, 70, 76 Routes, 41, 53 (map) Arctic, 68 Atlantic coast, 53 Atlantic oceanic, 48 "bobolink," 55, 56 (map) evolution of, 70 flyways, 46 Great Lakes, 60 Great Plains, 62 Mackenzie Valley, 60 Mississippi Valley, 60 narrow, 42 Pacific coast, 63 Pacific oceanic, 66 Rocky Mountain, 62 wide, 42 Rowan, William, 10

Salmon, 29 Sanderling, 11, 27 Sandpiper, 15, 27 Bartramian, 15 purple, 42 Sapsucker, Williamson's, 72 Scaup, 58 Scoter, 63 white-winged, 59, 65 Segregation, 31 Shore bird, 9, 11, 12, 32, 33, 38, 42, 48, 50, 55, 57, 60, 61 Short and undetermined migrations, 34 Shrike, 19, 34 loggerhead, 37 Snipe, 15 Wilson's, 37 Snowbird, 10 Sora, 79 Southern ancestral home theory, 8 Sparrow, 15, 31, 32, 34, 60, 76, 77 chipping, 37, 70 field, 37 fox, 35, 36 (map) Harris's, 43 (map), 44, 45 Ipswich, 43 song, 33, 34 swamp, 75 tree, 34, 37, 75 vesper, 37 white-throated, 75, 84 Species, movements of, 12 Speed, flight, 18 migration, 18 Starling, 4 Stork, 2, 4, 6, 27 Storms, 75 Swallow, 2, 4, 6, 9, 17, 18, 26, 32, 34, 57 bank, 55 barn, 20, 38, 60 cliff, 16, 17 (map), 26, 38 hibernating, 4 Swan, 4 Swift, 4, 16, 19, 20, 34 chimney, 4, 32

Tanager, 55, 66 scarlet, 33, 44 (map), 45 western, 65 (map), 66, 67 (map) Teal, blue-winged, 20, 55, 58, 60 Tern, arctic, 11, 38, 39 (map), 40, 41, 68 common, 40 Forster's, 40 noddy, 30 sooty, 30 Theories of migration, 7 Thrush, 4, 15, 19, 21, 27, 31, 38, 60, 77 gray-cheeked, 21, 23 (map), 55 hermit, 75 wood, 55 Titlark, 73 Titmouse, 34 tufted, 82 Transmutation, 5 Turd us migratorius, 35 Turnstone, 11 Turtle [dove], 2, 6

Vagrant migration, 73 Variable migrations within species, 35 Vertical migration, 72 Vireo, 15, 55, 75, 77 red-eyed, 69 (map), 70 Vulture, 26 turkey, 34

Warbler, 15, 17, 18, 27, 60, 75, 76 black and white, 12, 13 (map), 14 (map) blackpolled, 16, 18, 24, 25 (map), 55, 60, 70 black-throated blue, 14 Cape May, 37 golden-winged, 63 Kentucky, 63 myrtle, 61, 70 palm, 37 pine, 37 summer, 21 wood, 31, 32 worm-eating, 63 yellow, 14, 21, 70 Waterfowl, 20, 47, 55, 58, 59, 61, 64,93 Waxwing, 32, 33 Bohemian, 12, 74 Weather, influence of, 80 Wheatear, Greenland, 11 Widgeon, 55 American, 62 Woodcock, 37 Woodpecker, 34 Wren, 15 Carolina, 34, 82, 83 long-billed marsh, 33 rock, 37 winter, 34, 75 Wrentit, 82

Yeagley, Henry L., 30 Yellowlegs, lesser, 21 Yellowthroat, Maryland, 35, 78

* * * * *

Transcriber Note

Illustrations moved to prevent splitting paragraphs. Minor typos corrected.