Microscopes and Accessory Apparatus: Catalogue No. 40

Part 5

Chapter 53,205 wordsPublic domain

The time required for exposure in photographing with this apparatus is from 5 to 20 seconds according to the magnification and character of the specimen.

The following figure shows a further use for the Objective of 64 mm focal distance in connection with the photomicrographic apparatus (page 82).

=Large Projection Apparatus.=

In this projection apparatus an electric projection lamp is made use of, the lamp being available for electric currents of 20 Ampères and about 48 Volts. To regulate the current a rheostat is necessary. When using constant current the carbons should stand at an angle in order to utilize to best advantage the stronger light of the positive (upper) carbon. For spectroscopic projections the carbons of the lamp have to be in vertical position.

Connected with the lamp is a triple condenser of 150 mm aperture. The latter should be protected from the heat-rays by a large mica-plate which is furnished with the apparatus.

Various devices permit very accurate adjustment of the lamp and condenser. For example, two thumb-screws control the position of the carbons of the lamp so that the luminous point may be readily brought into the exact optical axis of the condenser. Again, the two inner lenses of the condenser are moveable and are controlled by two knobs conveniently situated as shown in the illustration.

By this adjustment of the lenses of the condenser it is possible to do away with disturbing chromatic aberration. The rays of light leave the condenser in moderate convergence.

For direct projection from the preparation the apparatus consists of the optical bench upon which are mounted the various accessories in proper succession (Fig. p. 88):

1. A large cooling cell, which is to be filled with water or alum solution.

2. The bellows with tube. This is connected with the cooling cell by means of a metal ring which slips over the end of the cell and is held in place by a screw. The metal ring is attached to one end of the bellows, while the other end carries a large tube.

3. The microscope condensers and diaphragm holder. A larger tube fits over the tube of the bellows and carries on a revolving arm the cylinder diaphragm and the two condensers. For low power objectives Nos. 1-3, the cylinder diaphragm and the condenser of longer focus have to be used. The latter at the same time serves as the objective for lantern slide projection.

The other condenser is especially needed when high powers are employed (Objectives 4 to 6). A small rack and pinion arrangement serves for the adjustment of condenser and diaphragm.

4. The object stage and small cooler. The stage has connected with it a second cooling cell on which the preparation rests. This arrangement permits prolonged use of the condenser and the greatest intensity of light without burning the most delicate specimens. The adjustment of the object is accomplished by means of an arrangement which permits any particular point to be brought accurately into the field.

5. The objective carrier is provided with a nose-piece for three objectives, with a broad projection tube, having an Iris diaphragm for the purpose of narrowing the aperture, and with a narrow tube which screws into the broad one, in case it is desired to use oculars in making the projection. The adjustments of the objectives are accomplished by rack and pinion and by micrometer screw.

In order to change readily from microscopic to lantern-slide projection, the parts 4 and 5 have been provided with hinges, by means of which they can be thrown to one side after loosening a lever (see illustration below).

6. Wooden cover with cloth curtain which fits over the diaphragm carrier, the stage and the objectives, to shut off any light which may escape at the sides.

For the projection of large preparations of from 8-35 mm diameter our photographic objectives of 24, 35, 42 and 64 mm focal distance are best adapted (p. 86). In connection with these low powers the large tube only should be used.

With this projection apparatus the powers of microscope objectives till number 6 may be well employed.

The picture, even when the highest powers are made use of, and the screen is at a distance of twelve feet from the apparatus, is of sufficient clearness and brightness to be available for demonstration to a large audience.

For the projection of lantern slides or of large section of tissue following parts of the apparatus are required: Lamp, condenser, cooler and bellows are the same as in the above described apparatus.

The stage and objective carrier are swung to one side.

The special-projection lens of 300 mm focal distance is to be used.

A slide carrier slips into the frame of the bellows, which is sufficiently large to accommodate lantern slides 9×10 and 9×12 cm in size. The slide carrier has a stop at both ends which facilitates its adjustment in the axis of the instrument, and is arranged for the simultaneous reception of two slides, so that while one is being projected it may be charged with a second which may then without delay be pushed into the optical axis as the first is removed. In this way series of pictures may be thrown on the screen without interruption.

When so arranged the projection can be made upon a screen 30 feet from the apparatus, over the heads of an audience.

Prices:

117. =Projection-lamp= for current of 20 Ampères, with centering arrangement =92.--=

=Fixed rheostat= =30.--=

(The same, adjustable =$45.--=.)

Lamp and rheostat are furnished at factory prices. In ordering it is well to state the strength of the available electric current, also whether it is constant or alternating.

=Outfit for projection of lantern slides:=

Metal-base with optical bench, triple collecting lens (adjustable) of 150 mm aperture; large cooling cell; slide carrier with bellows; triple revolving arm, with rack and pinion adjustment =108.--=

Projection objective of 300 mm focal length =20.--=

(A second objective of same focal length may be slipped over the former, the two combined represent an objective of 150 mm focus. Additional price =$20.--=.)

=Outfit for microscopical projections:=

Cylinder-diaphragm and condenser; objectstage and small cooler with moveable slide-holder. Objective carrier with triple nose-piece: rack and pinion adjustment and micrometer-screw. Broad tube with Iris-diaphragm into which the smaller draw-tube fits. Two projection eye- pieces.

Object-stage and objective carrier are provided with hinges. Wooden cover with cloth curtain =84.--= Transport =250.--= -------- Complete outfit =334.--=

118. =Megascope=, apparatus for the projection of opaque objects; special offers will be made on application.

119. =Attachment for spectroscopic examinations=, to be used on the optical bench and in connection with the lamp of the projection apparatus No. 117. Slit mechanism, large triple prism, object-stage =80.--=

120. =Large projection apparatus=, of special design with latest improvements, for lantern slides size 13×18 cm, for micro-projection, and megascope attachment. Special offers for this apparatus will be made on application.

(In ordering it is necessary to state the voltage of the available electric current, also whether it is direct or alternating.)

121. =Trichinoscope.= Simple electric lamp (hand feed) of 20 Ampère, mounted on adjustable stand, encased in Russian iron box, double collecting lens (adjustable) of 120 mm Aperture, with condensing lens.

Mechanical stage for glass compressors, with movements at right angles to each other, cooling cell for the preparation with a continual flow of cold water. Objective carrier with micrometer screw, wide tube with Iris diaphragm =120.--=

Projection objective of 35 mm focus, aperture f:3,5, with Iris diaphragm =18.--= -------- =138.--=

=Microtomes.=

Our larger microtomes are heavy and all their adjustments are of the most accurate construction, the result being that they are very steady when in use and permit the cutting of very thin and uniform sections.

They are to be had in three different sizes. The larger two are slightly different in construction from the third. The two former microtomes are provided with an automatic feed attachement. A heavy knife-carrier slides smoothly and rapidly on a horizontal track and is so arranged that it may be manipulated by the hand of the operator alone or by a wheel and chain device, which tends to assure a perfectly uniform stroke of the knife.

The objectclamp is raised vertically by a micrometer screw. This motion is accomplished by turning a large disc having teeth cut into its periphery and a turn of one tooth being equal to an elevation of 0.0025 mm.

The automatic feed is arranged as follows: With each return of the knife-carrier to the end of its track pressure is made upon an adjustable lever which regulates the motion of the micrometer wheel. This device may be so adjusted as to move the micrometer disc any number of teeth from one to ten with each sweep of the knife.

Three different forms of clamps may be had for these microtomes, and freezing apparatus as well as paraffin tables can also be fitted.

The Fixed clamp, No. 128, represented in the figure of the large sliding microtome, serves to clamp the specimen in position and does not allow any further adjustment.

The Ball and Socket clamp permits the adjustments of the specimen after it is held in the clamp by means of a ball and socket joint--see figure of No. 129--a set-screw then holds it firmly in position.

The Naples clamp permits the accurate adjustment of the specimen at any level, the clamp being supported on two horizontal axes at right angles to each other, the one controlled by rack and pinion, the other by endless screw.

The knife-carrier is arranged to hold the Thoma form knives, which are fastened by means of a wing-screw. Other knives require a special holder, such as No. 139.

122. =The Large Sliding Microtome= has a track 42 cm long. Its price with automatic feed attachement, wheel and chain arrangement for the knife carrier, and fixed clamp, without knife =62.--=

123. =The same=, with knife holder for Jung microtome knives =66.--=

124. =The same=, but without the wheel and chain arrangement for the knife carrier =50.--=

125. =Medium size Sliding Microtome=--Track 32 cm long; automatic feed attachement; wheel and chain motion of knife carrier and fixed specimen clamp--without knife =56.--=

126. =The same=, with knife holder for Jung microtome knives =60.--=

127. =The same=, but without wheel and chain motion =44.--=

128. =Fixed Specimen Clamp= =4.--=

129. =Ball and Socket Clamp= =6.--=

130. =Naples Clamp= =12.--=

131. =The Support-Microtome= has a track 19 cm long. The knife-carrier slides on a double flanged support and is moved by means of a large knob. The motion is smooth and quick. The specimen is held in a clamp supported on two adjustable axes at right angles to each other, thus permitting its adjustment in any position. The specimen carrier is moved vertically by means of a micrometer screw to which a large disc is attached. This disc is graduated, each degree representing a motion of the specimen carrier of 0,005 mm. The price of this microtome with knifeholder No. 139, without box or knife is =34.--=

131a. =Small Sliding Microtome=, length of bed 21 cm, heavy knife-carrier, object clamp for specimen 25 mm diam., micrometer screw with disc graduated into 100 degrees, each division representing a motion of 0,005 mm. Price including knifeholder No. 139, without knife =24.--=

=Microtome knives.= (Made by W. Walb.)

=A. Thoma's Model=, plano-concave, with handle adapted for clamping immediately to the knife carrier of the microtome, in box.

132. Length of cutting edge 36 cm =26.50=

133. " " " " 24 cm =13.25=

134. " " " " 16 cm =8.50=

135. " " " " 12 cm =5.50=

=B. Jung's Model=--plano-concave--requires knife-holder No. 139--in box.

136. Length of cutting edge 24 cm =11.25=

137. " " " " 17 cm =6.--=

138. " " " " 12 cm =4.75=

139. =Knife-holder= designed for Jung's Microtome knife =4.--=

140. =Freezing apparatus= for Microtomes =8.--=

=Hand Microtomes.=

141. This =Hand Microtome=, shown in the figure above, screws to the edge of the table. The specimen is held in a clamp which may be removed from the instrument, and which is raised by a micrometer screw to which a large disc is attached, the edge of which is milled and graduated, each degree of the graduation representing an elevation of the specimen of 1/100 mm. The knife is manipulated by hand and in cutting slides over two narrow glass plates which serve as a track for it. The length of this track is 7 cm =12.--=

142. =Cylinder Microtome.= The specimen is held by means of a clamp-screw in a hollow cylinder. This entire cylinder is raised within another cylinder which bears the cutting table by means of a screw with milled and graduated head. Each division of the graduation represents a motion of the inner cylinder of 1/100 mm. In cutting the edge of the knife is made to pass over the surface of the glass cutting table, the diameter of which is 7 cm =6.--=

143. =Microscopic section-cutter=--razor form--of best quality, plano-concave, for microtomes No. 141 and 142 =1.25=

=Miscellaneous Accessories.=

144. =Polarizing Apparatus= for Food Analysis.

The analizer forms part of an ocular which fits into the tube of the microscope and is provided with a graduated disc and index. It is fixed in any desired position by means of a thumb-screw.

The polarizer, when used in connection with stands fitted with a substage condenser and iris-diaphragm, is hung in the carrier of the iris diaphragm; when used on other stands it takes the place of the cylinder diaphragm, and if desired may be furnished with a condenser. Price =22.--=

145. =Simpler Polarizing Apparatus.= The analizer is without an ocular and has no graduated disc. The polarizer is as described above =14.--=

146. =Gypsum= and =Mica plates= set of 8 =6.--=

147. =Coverglass Tester=, for measuring the thickness of coverglasses =3.75=

147a. =Coverglass gauge=, dial form, for the rapid and accurate measuring of coverglasses, thin plates etc. A slight pressure on a lever opens a pair of steel clips. The exact thickness is at once indicated by a pointer moving over a divided circle on the lid of a metal box. The gauge measures 0,01 up to 5 mm =12.--=

148. =Nose-piece= for two objectives--Double nose-piece =6.--=

149. =Nose-piece= for three objectives--Triple nose-piece =8.--=

150. =Nose-piece= for four objectives--Quadruple nose-piece =10.--=

Nose-pieces can be adjusted to our stands at any time without charge.

151. =Iris-diaphragm= =6.--=

152. =Illuminating Lens on stand=, 100 mm diameter =12.--=

153. =Illuminating Lens on stand=, 60 mm diameter =8.--=

154. =Glass slides=, hollow, per doz =--.75=

155. =Glass slides=, English form 3×1", of plate-glass with polished edges, per gross =1.--=

156. =Glass slides=, with well, for moist chambers =--.40=

157. =Cover-glasses=, squares, 15×15 mm, per 100 =--.60=

158. =Cover-glasses=, squares, 20×20 mm, per 100 =--.85=

159. =Cover-glasses=, circles, 15 mm diameter, per 100 =--.85=

160. =Cover-glasses=, circles, 20 mm diameter, per 100 =1.--=

161. =Turn-table=, for ringing, with adjustable slide clips =4.--=

162. =Thickened Cedar Oil= for oil-immersion lenses, 1 oz =--.40=

163. =Object Marker.= This is designed to indicate the exact portion of an object which has been seen in the field of the microscope. After finding the required field, the objective of the microscope is unscrewed and the marker is screwed into the tube in its place. By then moving the tube so that the marker comes in contact with the object that portion of the object which occupied the optical axis of the microscope is indicated =1.25=

164. =Object Marker= with diamond point, by means of which the object can be marked by drawing a circle =4.--=

165. =Demonstration Ocular= of Kuznitzky (Cf. Zeitschr. f. wissensch. Mikroskopie, XIII, 1896).--Indicates any particular portion of the image to which it is desired to draw particular attention.

A small lever at the top of the ocular moves an indicator just above the diaphragm of the ocular to any part of the field =3.25=

166. =Opaque Illuminator=, for illuminating polished pieces of metal whose structure is to be investigated by means of high power objectives--A collar, carrying a prism, screws into the tube of the microscope, and by means of the prism sufficient light is thrown through the objective upon the otherwise opaque object to permit of its examination up to 1000 diameters magnification =6.--=

167. =Erecting Prism=--This is fastened over the ocular and erects the image received from the compound microscope, thereby materially assisting any dissection or other operation on the stage of the microscope =7.25=

168. =Microscope= for the accurate reading of thermometer scales, after Fridtjof Nansen.

Stand with spring-clamp to attach thermometers of various sizes. With micrometer ocular and objective magnifying 12 times =20.--=

169. =Saccharimeter=, Mitscherlich's (improved form), for determining the amount of sugar contained in liquids, glucose etc. by measuring the angle of rotation. Tube with concave mirror on stand, graduated scale with vernier and lens for reading one-tenth of a degree of rotation.

The rotation of the Nicol prism with the vernier is performed by means of an endless screw. The adjustment is accomplished as soon as the two squares of the divided quartz-plate show the same color. Two tubes of 100 and 200 mm length, for the liquid to be examined, are supplied with the apparatus. Should the rotation of the substance examined be excessive, it is necessary to use sodium light for illumination =52.--=

=Microscopical cases.=

170. =Case=, containing a razor, spatula, two small knives, straight and curved scissors, forceps, two needles, two lancet-shaped needles =5.50=

171. =Case=, containing a razor, spatula, a small knife, two needles, small scissors, and forceps =4.--=

172. =Case=, containing a small knife, small scissors, forceps and two needles =2.50=

173. =Botanical Outfit= in case, containing a small knife, forceps, self-closing forceps with horn handle, two scissors, two needles and two lenses =5.50=

174. =Outfit for Sputum Examinations=, after Kaatzer, consisting of a platinum needle, blower, cover-glass forceps, and a small rubber plate =4.75=

175. =Leather Microscope case= to protect the mahogany case when travelling =8.--=

176. =Leather case= to protect the mahogany cases of larger size instruments =12.--=

177. =Bell jar= for covering microscope =2.--=

Any of the following publications will be sent on application:

1. Catalogue of microscopes etc., which has been issued in three editions, viz. in

a) English,

b) German and

c) French.

2. Anleitung zum Gebrauch des Microscops.

3. Instructions pour l'emploi des microscopes.

4. Directions for using the Microscope.

5. On the method of counting red and white corpuscles with Thoma's Apparatus.

6. Instructions pour l'emploi de l'hématimètre de Thoma.

7. Anleitung zur Mikrophotographie, mit vier Mikrophotogrammen.

8. Anleitung zum Gebrauch des Mikrospectroskops.

9. Anleitung zum Gebrauch des Oculars nach Ehrlich.

10. Description de l'oculaire d'Ehrlich.

11. Direction for using Ehrlich's eye-piece.

12. Anleitung zum Gebrauch des grossen Projectionsapparates.

13. Anleitung zum Gebrauch des Saccharimeters.

=Index.=

Page =A.=