BOOK VI.

TERRITORY OF NEW MEXICO.--Exploration of the far west--Long, Nicollet, Frémont--Santa Fé trade--First adventurers--Caravans--New Mexico erected by Congress into a territory--Geological structure of New Mexico--The Rio Grande--Its value--Soil--Products--Irrigation--Cattle--Indians--Mines--Gold--Silver --Copper--Iron--Gypsum--Salt--Climate--Pueblo Indians--Wild Indians enumerated--Number of Pueblo Indians--Census--Proximate present population--Character of people and government--Santa Fé--Alburquerque --Valley of Toas--Statistics of Santa Fé trade, etc.--Itinerary from Fort Leavenworth to Santa Fé and El Paso, 351

STATE OF CALIFORNIA.--Title to the region--Missionary settlement, its purposes--Character of California--Secularization of missions--Population in missions--Agricultural statistics--Cattle--Hides--Tallow--Herdsmen--Trade--The war--Condition of California at its close--Progress of settlement and law--Constitution adopted--Admission as a state--Former boundaries--The great Basin--Utah--Great Salt Lake--Pyramid lake--Rivers--Present state boundaries--Area--Geography--Sacramento--San Joaquin--Shastl peak, 367

STATE OF CALIFORNIA CONTINUED.--Configuration of the state--Bay of San Francisco and city--Rivers of California--Character of soil, etc.--Relative sterility and productiveness--Climate--Dry and wet seasons--Causes of change--Climate in San Francisco, coast range valleys and interior valley--Area of arable and grazing land--Productions--Discovery of gold--Its position--The placeres--Washing--Digging--The Mines--Calculations as to the yield of the mines--Gold yielded by California--Its quality--Quicksilver mines--Commerce--Population--Growth of cities--Old presidios--Towns--Land titles--Mission lands--Conclusion, 378

APPENDIX.--Meteorological Observations in California, 398