Mexico, Aztec, Spanish and Republican, Vol. 1 of 2 A Historical, Geographical, Political, Statistical and Social Account of That Country From the Period of the Invasion by the Spaniards to the Present Time.

DIFFICULTY OF ESTIMATING THE CIVILIZATION OF THE AZTECS.--NATIONS IN YUCATAN.--VALUE OF CONTEMPORARY HISTORY.--THE AZTEC MONARCHY--ELECTIVE.--ROYAL STYLE IN TENOCHTITLAN.--MONTE...

ATTACK OF THE CITY MOB ON THE ARMY--QUITMAN GOVERNOR--PEÑA PRESIDENT--CONGRESS ORDERED--SIEGE OF PUEBLA--LANE'S, LALLY'S AND CHILDS'S VICTORIES--GUERRILLEROS BROKEN UP--MEXICAN...

MILITARY POSITION OF THE AMERICANS AT THE END OF THE ARMISTICE--MEXICAN DEFENCES--PLAN OF ATTACK--RECONNOISSANCES OF SCOTT AND MASON--IMPORTANCE OF MEXICAN POSITION AT MOLINO DE...

SANTA ANNA'S RETURN--CHANGES HIS PRINCIPLES.--SALAS EXECUTIVE.--CONSTITUTION OF 1824 RESTORED--PAREDES.--PLANS OF SALAS AND SANTA ANNA--HIS LETTER TO ALMONTE--HIS VIEWS OF THE W...

VELASCO ENDEAVORS TO AMELIORATE THE CONDITION OF THE INDIANS.--UNIVERSITY OF MEXICO ESTABLISHED--INUNDATION.--MILITARY COLONIZATION--PHILIP II.--FLORIDA.--INTRIGUES AGAINST VELA...

GENERAL SCOTT AT LOBOS--LANDING AT AND SIEGE OF VERA CRUZ--CAPITULATION AND CONDITION OF VERA CRUZ--CONDITION OF MEXICO--ALVARADO, ETC., CAPTURED--SCOTT'S ADVANCE--DESCRIPTION O...

COLONIAL SYSTEM--EARLY GRANTS OF POWER TO RULERS IN MEXICO, BY THE EMPEROR CHARLES V.--ABUSE OF IT.--COUNCIL OF THE INDIES--LAWS.--ROYAL AUDIENCES--CABILDOS--FUEROS.--RELATIVE P...

BERNARDO DE GALVEZ VICEROY.--CHAPULTEPEC.--GALVEZ DIES--HIS DAUGHTER.--HARO VICEROY--CORRUPTION OF ALCALDES.--FLORES VICEROY--HIS SYSTEM OF RULING THE NORTHERN FRONTIER--MINING...

CONSPIRACY AGAINST GUERRERO BY BUSTAMANTE--GUERRERO BETRAYED AND SHOT.--ANECDOTE--REVOLT UNDER SANTA ANNA--HE RESTORES PEDRAZA AND BECOMES PRESIDENT.--GOMEZ FARIAS DEPOSED--CHUR...

DIFFICULTIES OF THE ADVANCE--THE PEDREGAL--SAN ANTONIO--HACIENDA--RELATIVE POSITION OF AMERICAN AND MEXICAN ARMIES--PATH OVER THE PEDREGAL TO CONTRERAS--VALENCIA DISCONCERTS SAN...

SCOTT AT PUEBLA--TAMPICO AND ORIZABA TAKEN--SCOTT's ADVANCE--TOPOGRAPHY OF THE VALLEY OF MEXICO--ROUTES TO THE CAPITAL--EL PEÑON--MEXICALZINGO--TEZCOCO--CHALCO--OUTER AND INNER...

MONTAÑEZ VICEROY.--SPIRITUAL CONQUEST OF CALIFORNIA.--VALLADARES VICEROY.--FAIR AT ACAPULCO.--SPANISH MONARCHY--AUSTRIA--BOURBON.-- MONTAÑEZ VICEROY.--JESUITS IN CALIFORNIA.--LA...

SOTOMAYOR VICEROY.--ESCALONA VINDICATED.--MONASTIC PROPERTY.--BIGOTRY OF PALAFOX.--GUZMAN VICEROY.--INDIAN INSURRECTION.--REVOLT OF THE TARAHUMARES.--SUCCESS OF THE INDIANS--IND...

BRANCIFORTE VICEROY--HIS GRASPING AND AVARICIOUS CHARACTER--CORRUPTION TOLERATED.--PERSECUTION OF FRENCHMEN--ENCAMPMENTS.--BRANCIFORTE'S CHARACTER.--AZANZA VICEROY.--EFFECT OF E...

REVIEW OF THE CONDITION OF MEXICO AND THE FORMATION OF PARTIES.--VICEROYAL GOVERNMENT--THE PEOPLE--THE ARMY--THE CHURCH.--CONSTITUTION OF 1824.--ECHAVARI REVOLTS.--VICTORIA PRES...

ALMANZA VICEROY.--CHICHIMECAS REVOLT--JESUITS----INQUISITION.-- PESTILENCE.--NO INDIAN TRIBUTE EXACTED.--ALMANZA DEPARTS--XUARES VICEROY.--WEAK ADMINISTRATION--INCREASE OF COMME...

FOUNDING OF THE VICEROYALTY OF NEW SPAIN.--NEW AUDIENCIA--FUENLEAL--MENDOZA.--EARLY ACTS OF THE FIRST VICEROY--COINAGE.--REBELLION IN JALISCO--VICEROY SUPPRESSES IT.--COUNCIL OF...

MARQUES DE GELVES VICEROY--HIS REFORMS--NARRATIVE OF FATHER GAGE.--GELVES FORESTALLS THE MARKET--THE ARCHBISHOP EXCOMMUNICATES MEXIA, HIS AGENT.--QUARREL BETWEEN GELVES AND THE...

GENERAL TAYLOR ORDERED TO THE RIO GRANDE.--HISTORY OF TEXAN BOUNDARIES.--ORIGIN OF THE WAR.--MILITARY PREPARATIONS-- COMMENCEMENT OF HOSTILITIES.--BATTLES OF PALO ALTO AND RESAC...

SECOND ADMINISTRATION OF DON LUIS VELASCO--HIS GREAT WORK FOR THE DRAINAGE OF THE VALLEY.--LAKES IN THE VALLEY--DANGER OF INUNDATION.--HISTORY OF THE DESAGUE OF HUEHUETOCA.--OPE...

WHY THE CITY WAS NOT ENTERED ON THE 20TH--CONDITION OF THE CITY--DELIBERATION OF THE MEXICAN CABINET AND PROPOSALS--REASONS WHY GENERAL SCOTT PROPOSED AND GRANTED THE ARMISTICE-...

DISCOVERIES OF CORDOVA AND GRIJALVA.--CORTÉZ APPOINTED BY VELASQUEZ.--BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICE OF CORTÉZ.--CORTÉZ CAPTAIN GENERAL OF THE ARMADA.--EQUIPMENT OF THE EXPEDITION.--QUARRE...

VALLEY OF THE RIO GRANDE.--SANTA ANNA AT SAN LUIS.--SCOTT COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF.--PLAN OF ATTACK ON THE EAST COAST.--GENERAL SCOTT'S PLAN.--DONIPHAN'S EXPEDITION.--BRACITO--SACRAME...

RIVERA VICEROY.--LA CERDA VICEROY.--REVOLT IN NEW MEXICO.--SUCCESS OF THE INDIANS.--COLONY DESTROYED.--EFFORTS OF THE SPANIARDS TO RECONQUER.--VERA CRUZ SACKED.--COUNT MONCLOVA...

GENERAL WOOL INSPECTS AND MUSTERS THE WESTERN TROOPS.--ARMY OF THE CENTRE.--NEW MEXICO--KEARNEY--MACNAMARA--CALIFORNIA.--FRÉMONT-- SONOMA--CALIFORNIAN INDEPENDENCE--POSSESSION T...

MARQUES DE CRUILLAS VICEROY.--CHARLES III. PROCLAIMED. HAVANA TAKEN BY THE BRITISH.--MILITARY PREPARATIONS--PEACE--PESTILENCE.-- GALVEZ VISITADOR--REFORMS--TOBACCO MONOPOLY.--DE...

CORTÉZ COMMISSIONED BY THE EMPEROR.--VELASQUEZ--HIS DEATH.--MEXICO REBUILT.--IMMIGRATION--REPARTIMIENTOS OF INDIANS.--HONDURAS-- GUATEMOZIN--MARIANA.--CORTÉZ ACCUSED--ORDERED TO...

LIANZA VICEROY.--AUDIENCIA.--VENEGAS VICEROY.--TRUE SOURCES OF THE REVOLUTION.--CREOLES LOYAL TO FERDINAND.--SPANIARDS IN FAVOR OF KING JOSEPH.--MEXICAN SUBSCRIPTIONS FOR SPAIN....

LUIS DE VELASCO--THE SECOND--BECOMES VICEROY.--DELIGHT OF THE MEXICANS.--FACTORIES REOPENED--CHICHIMECAS--COLONIZATION.-- ALAMEDA--INDIANS TAXED FOR EUROPEAN WARS.--COMPOSITION-...

APODACA VICEROY.--SPANISH CONSTITUTION OF 1812 PROCLAIMED IN MEXICO.--CONDITION OF THE REVOLUTIONARY PARTY.--VICTORIA--MINA LANDS AT SOTO LA MARINA--HIS EFFORTS--LOS REMEDIOS--G...

DESCRIPTION OF THE CITY OF TENOCHTITLAN.--MONTEZUMA'S WAY OF LIFE--MARKET-PLACE.--CORTÉZ AT THE GREAT TEMPLE--DESCRIPTION OF IT.--PLACE OF SACRIFICE--SANCTUARIES--HUITZILOPOTCHT...

RECONQUEST OF TEXAS PROPOSED.--CANALIZO PRESIDENT AD INTERIM.--REVOLUTION UNDER PAREDES IN 1844.--SANTA ANNA FALLS--HERRERA PRESIDENT--TEXAN REVOLT.--ORIGIN OF WAR WITH THE UNIT...

CORTÉZ RETURNS--CONSPIRACY AMONG HIS MEN DETECTED.--EXECUTION OF VILLAFAÑA--BRIGANTINES LAUNCHED.--XICO TENCATL'S TREASON AND EXECUTION.--DISPOSITION OF FORCES TO ATTACK THE CIT...

VIZARRON AND EGUIARRETA VICEROY--EVENTLESS GOVERNMENT.--SALAZAR VICEROY--COLONIAL FEARS.--FUEN-CLARA VICEROY--GALEON LOST.--MEXICO UNDER REVILLA-GIGEDO I.--FERDINAND VI.--INDIAN...

ARCHBISHOP ZUMARRAGA'S DESTRUCTION OF MEXICAN MONUMENTS, WRITINGS, DOCUMENTS--MR. GALLATIN'S OPINION OF THEM.--TRADITIONS--TWO SOURCES OF ACCURATE KNOWLEDGE.--SPECULATIONS ON AN...

CORTÉZ FOUNDS LA VILLA RICA DE LA VERA CRUZ.--FLEET DESTROYED--MARCH TO MEXICO.--CONQUEST OF TLASCALA--CHOLULA.--SLAUGHTER IN CHOLULA--VALLEY OF MEXICO.--CORTÉZ ENTERS THE VALLE...

BUCARELI Y URSUA VICEROY.--PROGRESS OF NEW SPAIN.--GOLD PLACERES IN SONORA.--MINERAL WEALTH AT THAT PERIOD.--INTELLECTUAL CONDITION OF THE COUNTRY.--LINE OF PRESIDIOS.--MAYORGA...

VENEGAS VICEROY.--RAYON.--JUNTA IN 1811--ITS WILLINGNESS TO RECEIVE FERDINAND VII.--PROCLAMATION BY THE JUNTA--MORELOS.--ACAPULCO TAKEN--SUCCESSES OF THE INSURGENTS.--SIEGE OF C...

It will be seen by the Plan of Iguala, that Mexico was designed to become an independent sovereignty under Ferdinand VII. or, in the event of his refusal, under the Infantes Don...

Soon after the adventurers departed from the coast of Cuba, the weather, which had been hitherto fine, suddenly changed, and one of those violent hurricanes which ravage the Ind...

THE AUDIENCIA RULES IN THE INTERREGNUM.--CARILLO VISITADOR.--INQUISITORIAL EXAMINATION.--ACAPULCO TAKEN.--ATTACKS BY THE DUTCH.--REMOVAL OF THE CAPITAL PROPOSED.--ARMENDARIZ VIC...

CORTÉZ RETURNS TO THE CAPITAL--CAUSES OF THE REVOLT AGAINST THE SPANIARDS.--CORTÉZ CONDEMNS ALVARADO--HIS CONDUCT TO MONTEZUMA.--BATTLE IN THE CITY--MONTEZUMA MEDIATES.--FIGHT O...

RETREAT TO OTUMBA.--CORTÉZ IS ENCOUNTERED BY A NEW ARMY OF AZTECS AND AUXILIARIES.--VICTORY OF THE SPANIARDS AT OTUMBA.--PROPOSED RE-ALLIANCE OF AZTECS AND TLASCALANS.--FORAYS O...

DEATH OF CUITLAHUA--HE IS SUCCEEDED BY GUATEMOZIN.--AZTECS LEARN THE PROPOSED RECONQUEST--CORTÉZ's FORCES FOR THIS ENTERPRISE.--CORTÉZ AT TEZCOCO--HIS PLANS AND ACTS.--MILITARY...

It is perhaps one of the most difficult duties of a historian, who desires to present a faithful picture of a remote age, to place himself in such a position as to draw the mora...

AZTEC PREDICTION--IT IS NOT VERIFIED.--CORTÉZ REINFORCED BY FRESH ARRIVALS.--FAMINE IN THE CITY.--CORTÉZ LEVELS THE CITY TO ITS FOUNDATION.--CONDITION OF THE CAPITAL--ATTACK REN...

I take the liberty to inscribe these volumes to you as a testimonial of personal gratitude. In the midst of engrossing cares you have often been pleased to turn aside for a whil...

DISCONTENT AT NOT FINDING GOLD--TORTURE OF GUATEMOZIN.--RESULTS OF THE FALL OF THE CAPITAL.--MISSION FROM MICHOACAN.--REBUILDING OF THE CAPITAL.--LETTERS TO THE KING.--INTRIGUES...

the armistice--Mexican defences--Plan of attack--Reconnoissances of Scott and Mason--Importance of Mexican position at Molino del Rey--Scott's scheme of capturing the city--Batt...

Governor--Peña President--Congress ordered--Siege of Puebla-- Lane's, Lally's, and Childs's victories--Guerrilleros broken up--Mexican politics--Anaya President--Peace negotiati...

Aztecs--Nations in Yucatan--Value of contemporary history--The Aztec monarchy--elective--Royal style in Tenochtitlan-- Montezuma's way of life--Despotic power of the Emperor ove...

the Indians--University of Mexico established--Inundation-- Military colonization--Philip II.--Florida--Intrigues against Velasco--Philipine Isles--Death of Velasco--Marques de...

executive--Constitution of 1824 restored--Paredes--Plans of Salas and Santa Anna--his letter to Almonte--his views of the war--refuses the Dictatorship--commands the army--State...

Vera Cruz--Capitulation and condition of Vera Cruz--Condition of Mexico--Alvarado, etc., captured--Scott's advance-- Description of Cerra Gordo--Mexican defences and military di...

in Mexico by the Emperor Charles V.--Abuse of it--Council of the Indies--Laws--Royal audiences--Cabildos--Fueros--Relative positions of Spaniards and Creoles--Scheme of Spanish...

great work for the Drainage of the Valley--Lakes in the Valley--Danger of Inundation--History of the Desague of Huehuetoca--Operations of the engineers Martinez and Boot--The Fr...

character--Corruption tolerated--Persecution of Frenchmen-- Encampments--Branciforte's character--Azanza Viceroy--Effect of European wars on colonial trade and manufactures--Thr...

ad interim--Revolution under Paredes in 1844--Santa Anna falls-- Herrera President--Texan revolt--Origin of war with the United States--Texan war for the Constitution of 1824--N...

Antonio--Hacienda--Relative position of American and Mexican armies--Path over the Pedregal to Contreras--Valencia disconcerts Santa Anna's plan of battle--American advance and...

dies--his daughter--Haro Viceroy--Corruption of Alcaldes--Flores Viceroy--his system of ruling the northern frontier--Mining interests--II. Revilla-Gigedo Viceroy--Charles IV.--...

property--Bigotry of Palafox--Guzman Viceroy--Indian insurrection--Revolt of the Tarahumares--Success of the Indians--Indian wars--Duke de Alburquerque Viceroy--Attempt to assas...

betrayed and shot--Anecdote--Revolt under Santa Anna--he restores Pedraza and becomes President--Gomez Farias deposed-- Church--Central Constitution of 1836--Santa Anna--his Tex...

Inquisition--Pestilence--No Indian tribute exacted--Almanza departs--Xuares Viceroy--Weak Administration--Increase of commerce--Pedro Moya de Contreras Viceroy--Reforms under a...

of Father Gage--Gelves forestalls the market--The Archbishop excommunicates Mexia, his agent--Quarrel between Gelves and the Archbishop--Viceroy excommunicated--Archbishop at Gu...

sources of the Revolution--Creoles loyal to Ferdinand--Spaniards in favor of King Joseph--Mexican subscriptions for Spain--Secret union in Mexico against Spaniards--Hidalgo--All...

proclaimed in Mexico--Condition of the revolutionary party-- Victoria--Mina lands at Soto la Marina--his efforts--Los Remedios--Guerrillas--he is shot--Padre Torres--Iturbide--...

Guatemozin--Aztecs learn the proposed reconquest--Cortéz's forces for this enterprise--Cortéz at Tezcoco--his plans and acts--Military expeditions of Cortéz in the Valley--Opera...

Gold placers in Sonora--Mineral wealth at that period-- Intellectual condition of the country--Line of Presidios--Mayorga Viceroy--Policy of Spain to England and her colonies--O...

army of Aztecs and auxiliaries--Victory of the Spaniards at Otumba--Proposed re-alliance of Aztecs and Tlascalans--Forays of Cortéz--reduction of the eastern regions--Cortéz pro...

Audiencia--Fuenleal--Mendoza--Early acts of the first Viceroy-- Coinage--Rebellion in Jalisco--Viceroy suppresses it--Council of the Indies on Repartimientos--Indian Servitude--...

proclaimed--Havana taken by the British--Military preparations-- Peace--Pestilence--Galvez Visitador--Reforms--Tobacco monopoly--De Croix Viceroy--The Jesuits--their expulsion f...

monuments, writings, documents--Mr. Gallatin's opinion of them--Traditions--two sources of accurate knowledge--Speculations on antiquity--Aztecs--Toltecs--Nahuatlacs--Acolhuans,...

California--Valladares Viceroy--Fair at Acapulco--Spanish monarchy--Austria--Bourbon--Montañez Viceroy--Jesuits in California--La Cueva Viceroy--Duke de Linares Viceroy--British...

of the city--Deliberation of the Mexican cabinet and proposals--Reasons why General Scott proposed and granted the armistice--Deliberations of commissioners--Parties against San...

CONCLUSION OF THE VICEROYAL GOVERNMENT; HISTORY OF THE REVOLUTION AND WAR OF INDEPENDENCE; MEXICO UNDER THE EMPIRE OF ITURBIDE AND UNDER THE REPUBLIC; WAR WITH TEXAS AND THE UNI...

detected--Execution of Villafaña--Brigantines launched-- Xicotencatl's treason and execution--Disposition of forces to attack the city--Siege and assaults on the city--Fight and...