Part 25
Onkelos, cited, 135
Ophir, 19, 53, 54; son of Jokton, 18
“Orationes Panegyricæ,” 146
“Orchot Olam,” 38, 156 (notes)
Orchotolam, Abraham Frisol = Abraham Farisol or Peretsol, author of “Orchot Olam,” 33, 156 (notes)
Origen, 54; cited, 55
Ornstien, Rev. A. F., 162 (notes)
Orœnsis, 30
Oronoch, the Indians of, 27
Orosius, cited, 55
Orpa, 103
Orsna, Petrus de, killed by Aquirre, 24, 25
Ortelius, 31; cited, 33, 53, 54
Osorius, Hieronymus, 28; cited, 98, 99, 100, 138, 163 (notes)
Otteman race, 52
Ottoman family, 97
Owen, Dr., xxix, xlviii
Oxford University, xlviii
Pack, Sir Christopher, xlvii, li
Padua, 50, 160 (notes); Jews in, 87; Mounts of Piety at, 101
Palache, Seignor Moseh, 88, 163 (notes)
“Paläorama,” 153 (notes)
Palatine, Prince, 28
Palaxe, Samuel, 49, 159 (notes)
Paliciano, Monsegnor Monte, 95
Pampelona, 24
Panama, 18, 31
Para, Great, 27
“Parasa Aazinu,” 37
Paris, Matthew, cited, 112
Paris, Parliament of, 97
Parisius, Cardinal, cited, 96
Parliament, of England, 157 (notes); dedication of “Hope of Israel” to, 3, 144; dedication of Latin edition of “Hope of Israel” to, xxvi; Long, lviii; pamphlet, probably read in, xxvii; of Paris, 97
Parthia, 40
Parvaim, 18
Pathros, 40
Paul III. of the House of Farnesia, 94, 95, 96
Paul IV., Pope of Rome, 98
Paul’s, St., Cathedral, xli; Church, 118
Paz, Enriquez de, xiii
Paz, Seignor Duarte de, 95
Pedro the Cruel, Don, 90, 163 (notes)
Peka, 29
Pelham’s “Jew Bill,” xx
Pelu, 19
Pelusium, 40
“Pene Rabba,” 146
Pequin, 29
Pequinenses, 29
Perasach, 36
Pernambuco, xxxiii, xxxvii
Peroza, 31
Persia, 32, 39, 40, 42; Kings of, 31; Monarch of, 131
Persians, 32
Peru, 18, 20, 22, 24, 25, 31, 53, 54, 153 (notes); Indians of, 23; chronicles of, 22
Pesria, Guebia ben, 141
Peters, Hugh, xix, xxviii, xl, xliii, l, lix
Petition, for burial-ground, lxvi; to repeal “Statute of Banishment” against Jews, xx
Petra, 40
Petronius, 129
Peyrère, Iaac la, 168 (notes)
Pharaoh, 76
Pharaonica, Isle, 55
Phenicians, 6
Phes, Governors of, 49 (_see_ Rutes)
Philadelphus, Ptolomeus, 124, 130
Philip II., King of Spain, 91
Philip III., 26
Philip, King of France, 51
Philo, 129; cited, 130, 131, 135
“Philosophia Rabbinica,” 147
“Phocylides,” 147
Pickering, Sir Gilbert, xlvi, xlvii
“Piedra Gloriosa,” 149 (notes)
“Piedra Pretiosa,” 146
Pineda, Thomas de, Marrano Jesuit Father, xiii; cited, 54, 120
Pinto, Mosseh, 170 (notes)
Pires, Diogo (_see_ Molcho), 156 (notes)
Pisarrus, Gonzalus, 24
Pizarrus, Franciscus, 17
Placentia, 39
“Plain Dealing,” lxvi
Plancius, 130
Plato, 54
Pliny, 20; cited, 37, 55
Plutarch, 55, 58; cited, 118, 127
Pocock, cited, 149 (notes), 159 (notes)
Poland, xxxix; Jews in, xlv, lxx, 77, 87; King of, Henry of Anjou elected, 159 (notes); usury in, 120
Polonians, 38
Pomis, David de, 50, 160 (notes)
Pompey, 76, 130; end of, 51
Pope, the, 33, 94; receives Reubeni, 155 (notes); declares Blood Accusation false, 102; Paul IV., 98; Sextus V., 50
Pomarius, 54
Porphiry, 54
Port Honda (_see_ Bahia Honda), 153 (notes)
Portingal = Portugal, 27; King of, 28
Portugal, xii, xiii, xxxvii, lxi, lxxiii, 33, 48, 94; banishment of Jews from, 93; Cardinal of, 98; Earle of, 117; Inquisition in, lxiv; Jews in, xlv; King of, xxv, xxxiv, 49, 95, 121, 168 (notes); King of, receives Reubeni, 155 (notes); King Emanuel of, 51, 97; trade of, xxix
Portugals, 91, 96
Portuguese, lxi, lxv, 48; alliance, xxix; conquer Pernambuco, xxxiii
Possevimus, cited, 54
Postellus, Gulielmus, 53
Prague, xxxvii _n._, 50, 169 (notes); astrologer of (_see_ Verus), 28; Jews in, 86; Synagogues at, 160 (notes)
“Prelate of the Commonwealth” (_see_ Manton)
Presbyterians, xix
President, Lord, lxii
Prester John, 34
“Pride’s Purge,” xix
Prince of the Twelve Tribes, 43
Privy Council, lx, lxxv
“Problemata de Creatione,” 146
Proclamation by Privy Council, lx
Proclus, 54
Procopious, cited, 32
“Prolegomena,” 114, 136
Prometheus, 55
Protector, the, xvii, xxxi, xxxiv, xxxv, xxxvi, xli, xlvi, lv, lxiv, lxvi, 162 (notes); death of, lxxi; expects report on Menasseh’s petition, xlv; Menasseh guest of, xxxiii; petition to, from Marranos, lxii; receives Robles’s petition, lxi
Protector’s speech, liii; threat, lvii
Provence, 85
Prussia, lxxx; Jews in, 87
Prynne, xiii _n._, xliii _n._, xlix _n._, li, lvii, lxiii; cited, 142, 165 (notes)
Pseudo-Messiah, Bar Cochba, 157 (notes); Sabbethai Zevi, xi
Ptolomies, Histories of, 90
Ptolomy, 127
Ptolomy, Philadelphus, 124, 130
Ptolomyes tables, 34
Puerto, 99
Puerto de Santa Cruz (_see_ Bahia Honda), 153 (notes)
Pul, King of Assyria, 29
Pumbaditha, School of (_see_ Seadiah), 158 (notes)
Puritans gratified by Menasseh’s praise, xxvii; rise of, xviii
Quakers, the, 167 (notes)
Queiros, Ferdinades de, 26
Quity, Province of = Quito, 11, 25, 153 (notes)
Quivira, 21, 31
Ragusa = Araguza, 164 (notes), 168 (notes)
Raphanea, 36, 38
“Rappel des Juifs,” 168 (notes)
Raguenet, xxxvii _n._
Readmission of the Jews, xxx, xxxi, xxxii, xxxiv, xxxix, xl, xliv, xlvi, lii, liv, lix
Reato, Mordehai, 45
“Rebus Emanuelis, de,” 98
Recife, xxxvii
“Reconciler,” 29, 42
Recusancy Acts, lviii
Red Sea, 19, 41
Redemption from Babylon, 42
Reformation, the, xv, xviii, 160 (notes)
“Refutatis libri cui titulus Præadamitæ,” 147
Reggio, State of, 88
Religious liberty, xx, xxi, lxxvi (_see_ Cromwell’s policy, xxviii); progress of, xix; restricted form of, xviii
Rembrandt, lxix; friend of Menasseh, 169 (notes); painted two portraits of Menasseh, 149 (notes)
“Remnant Found, The,” 152 (notes)
Republican Government, xix, lxxiv, xxvii; triumph, xxiii
Resettlement, petition, xxxv; question, Holmes’s treatise on, xxvi
Restoration, lxx; Cromwell’s maritime and commercial policy carried out after, lxxiii
Retio, 85
Reuben, tribe of, 29
Reubenita, David, 33
Reubenite, David the (_see_ Reubenita) = David Reubeni, 33, 155 (notes)
Reuchlin, 72
“Revelation Revealed, The,” 63
“Revelation Unrevealed, The,” 67
Revolution, xx
Ribera, Franciscus de, 19
Ricaut, lxxiv
Riccards, Alderman, xlvii
Riccius, P. Matthæus, 29, 30
Richardson, Samuel, lxvi
“Rights of the Kingdom,” 166 (notes)
Rios, Amador de los, xiv
Robles, Don Antonio Rodrigues, lx, lxi, lxii, lxiii; Robles’s petition to the Protector, lxiv; reinstated, lxvi
Rocamora, Vicente de, xiii
Rodrigues, Don Daniel, 88
Rofe, Selomo, ambassador to Venice, 86 (_see_ Rophe)
Roman, 22; empire, 101
“Romance al diuin Martir Juda Creyente,” poem by Gomez, 158 (notes)
Romans, 32, 35, 90, 97; Bar Cochba rebelled against the, 157 (notes); the kingdom of the, 126
Rome, xiii, 26, 48, 50, 57, 95, 96, 160 (notes), 163 (notes); a famous lawyer of, 93; Habyssins at, 34; Jews in, 87; monarch of, 131; Paul IV. of, 98; people of, 129; Pope of, 94
Rophé, Señor H. Meyr, 157 (notes)
Rophe, Don Selomo (_see_ Rofe) = Rabbi Solomon ben Nathan Aschkenazi, 49, 159 (notes)
Rosales, Immanuel Bocarus Frances, a Count Palatin, lxxx, 89, 163 (notes)
Ross, Alexander, xlii, xliii, lvii, lxiii, 165 (notes)
Rothschild, Baron Lionel de, lxxvi
Rous, Francis, xlvii
Rowe, Owen, xlvii
Royalists, xl, xli, lxxi; letter, lix; spies, lx; spies in Holland, xviii; treat with Jews, lxxiii
Rudolph, Emperor, 160 (notes)
Ruffinus, 119
Rupert’s Horse, xlii
Rutes, the Lords, 49
Ruthes, 88
Rycaut, xv _n._, liii _n._
Sabbath, 37; Jewish, 37
Sabbathion or Sabbathian River, 35, 37, 38, 40 (_see_ Sabbatical River)
Sabbatical River, 35–38, 66, 69, 153 (notes)
Sabellicus, Marcus Antonius, cited, 97
Sadler, John, contemporary of Menasseh ben Israel, xxii, xxvii, xl, xliii, lviii, lxii, lxiii _n._, 166, 167 (notes)
Sagredo, xli
Saladin, King of Egypt, 50
Salamanca, xiv, 39
Salaminque, Synagogues of, 86
Salines, Captain, 25
Salmanassar, captivity of, 69; Salmanaster, 20; Salmaneser, 33, 37, 42
Salvetti, xli _n._, lix
Samaria, 29, 130
Samaritans, 128
Sambation, 153 (notes), (_see_ Sabbatical River)
Samuel ben Israel, xxxvi
Samuel, Jacob, 152 (notes); Rabbi, 166 (notes)
Sanhedrin, 35, 156 (notes)
Saracen, 115
Saragoci, grandson of Ferdinand and son of Emanuel, 51
Saragossa, xii
Saraph baxas, Jews as, in Egypt, 49
Sarazens, 30
Sasol, Prince of, 88
Sasportas, Jacob, xxxvii _n._
Satah, R. Simeon ben, 141
Satthianadhan, cited, 160 (notes)
Savoy, Duke of, 51, 84, 97 (_see_ Felibert)
“Scala de Spalatro,” 82
Scaliger, cited, 160 (notes)
Scandia, Marquis of, 88
“Scebet Jehuda,” 121, 168 (notes)
Shemtob de Leon, Moses ben, 158 (notes)
Schikhardus, cited, 31
Schmieles, Jacob Basevi, 160 (notes), (_see_ Bathsebah)
Schwab, cited, 154 (notes)
Scythia, 20, 42
Seadiah, Rabbi = Saadja ben Joseph = Saadja Gaon, 158 (notes)
Seba, Fernando Jacob ben, 86
Sebastian, King, 51
Second Temple, 46, 53
“Sedar Olam,” 35, 156 (notes)
Seignor of Millo = Joseph Nasino, 86
Sekes, Governors of, 49 (_see_ Rutes)
Selencus, 128
Selim, Sultan, 49, 113, 135; peace with Venetians, 49
Selve, George de, 161 (notes)
Senensis, Sixtus, cited, 125
Separatists, xviii, xix
“Sephar Eldad Danita,” 34, 156 (notes)
“Sermois,” 147
Setuval, 99
Seven Islands, Lord of the, 49
Seville, xii
Sextus V., Pope, 50
Shalmaneser, King of Assyria, 29, 32
Shinar, 40
“Shir Ha-Shirim Rabba” = “Asirim Rabba,” 157 (notes)
Shulamite, 58
Shunamite, the, 64
“Sicilian Constitutions,” cited, 115
“Sifre,” 158 (notes), (_see_ Johay)
Silesia, lxxx
Silva, Don Francesco Meldonado de = Eli Nazarenus, a Marrano (_see_ Marquis of Montfort, 158) (notes), 159 (notes)
Simeon the Just, 128
Simon, Barbara Anne, 152 (notes)
Simon, Rabbi, cited, 36
Simon, Petrus, cited, 23
Sina, 29, 40, 41
Sinai, Mount, 114
Sinear, 40
Sinim, Land of, 31 (_see_ Sina)
Singer, Rev. S., cited, 163 (notes)
Sion, 46, 61, 62
Sisibuthus, the end of, 51
“Smectymnuus,” xlviii
Smyrna, xv, 151 (notes)
Sobierre, 169 (notes)
Soeiro, Semvel ben Israel, 150 (notes) (_see_ Samuel Ben Israel)
“Sohar” = “Zohar” = “Zoar,” 158 (notes)
Soliman, Sultan, 97
Solime, Sultan, 86
Solinus, cited, 33
Solis, Eliazar de, 117
Solis, Simao Pires, 117
Solomon, Isle of = Isabel Island, 115 (notes)
Solomon and Hierusalem, 155
Solon, 98
Solymon II., 160 (notes)
Sonsinos, 49, 159 (notes)
Southern Sea, 16
South Sea, De Queiros enters, 26
Spain, xi, xii, xiii, 51, 54, 84, 90, 154; banishments of, 46; banishment of Jews from, 93; cruelties to Jews in, xlv; Inquisition in, lxiv; Indians compelled to swear fealty to King of, 25; Jews in, 83; King of, lxi, 28, 49, 91, 93, 121—_see_ Alfonso, 168 (notes); _see_ King Alphonso the Wise of, 102; King of, present at an “act of the faith” at Madrid, 117; Papistry of, xxix; struggle with Elizabeth, xv; trade of, xxx; war with, lx; when possessed by the Moors, 39
Spaniards, 17, 18; in America, 25; baptized Indians and then murdered them, 113; cruelty of, to Indians, 11; dwelling in the Indies affirm that the Indians come of the Ten Tribes, according to Menasseh ben Israel, 20; find sepulchres, 21; first come to America, 16; found by accident, who had remained hidden eight hundred years, 39; in India, 13
Spanish, cruelties, 51; Inquisition, 47; nationality, lxiv
Spence, liii _n._
Spencer or Spenser, Sir Edward, xxvii, xxviii, 151 (notes), 161 (notes)
“Spes Israelis,” xxii, 68, 146
Spinoza, xxxvi
Spizelli, Theophili, 152 (notes)
States General, xvii, 144
Steele, William, xlvii, xlix
Steinschneider, cited, 162 (notes)
Sterry, Peter, l
Strabo, cited, 55
Straus, Oscar, xix _n._
Strickland, xxxi, xlvii
Stuarts, lxviii; enemies of the, lxx
Sueton, cited, 55
Sura, schools of (_see_ Seadiah), 158 (notes)
Surinam, xxxvii
Sweden, Jews in, xlv; Queen of, xxxvi
Sydenham, William, xlvii
Syria, 35, 40, 130
Syrian tyrants, 62
Sythia, 41
Tabaiares, 25, 26
Tabis, 20
Tabne, 125
Tabor, a province of Tartary, 33
Tacitus, cited, 55
Talmud, cited, 110, 125, 127; cited, 133; cited, 136; cited, 140, 157 (notes); Babylonian, cited, 36, 43; Jerusalem, 35; Rabbins in the, 43
Talmudists, 75, 92
Taradanta, governors of, 49 (_see_ Rutes)
“Targum”—_see_ Onkelos, 135 (notes); Uziel, 155 (notes)
“Targum upon Ruth,” cited, 138
“Targum Yerushalmi,” 155 (notes)
Tarshish, 28
Tarsis, 19, 44
Tartarians, 6
Tartaria the Greater, 20 (_see_ Arsareth)
Tartars, 54
Tartary, 6, 20, 29, 31, 33, 40, 42, 53, 55
Tartas, Isaac Castrensis = Isaac de Castro Tartas, burnt at Lisbon, 47, 158 (notes)
Tartyri, lxxxi
Tegris, 39
Temple, first, 46; second, 6, 36, 39, 46, 53; third, 52
Ten Tribes, the, xxvi, lxxviii, 6, 20, 22, 29, 30, 31, 33, 34, 36, 38, 40, 41, 42, 43, 66, 69, 151 (notes), 152 (notes), 155 (notes); habitations of the, 39; in Ethiopia, 156 (notes); in Spain, 20; Kingdom of the, 44
Terbinon, Thomas = Thomas (Isaac) Trebiño de Sobremente, 48, 159 (notes)
Terceræ, Islands of, 55
Tertullian, cited, 120
“The Thorn Tree,” 153 (notes)
“Thesoro de los dirim,” 146
Theta, 153 (notes)
Thompson, Sheriff, xlvii
“Thoraces, The,” 87
Thorowgood, Thomas, xxiv, xxv _n._, lxxviii, 67, 152 (notes), 153 (notes); treatise of, xxv
Thraskytes, the race of, 66
Thurloe, xxxi, xxxii, xxxix _n._, xl, xli _n._, li, liv _n._, lx _n._, lxi, lxxxviii
Thurloe’s advice to Menasseh, xxxviii
Tiahuanacu, a province of Collai, 21
Tiberiades, Governor of (_see_ Jacob Jaes), 86
Tiberius, 55
Tibur, 33
Tiglah-Pileser, 29
“Tiguanac, Antiquity of,” 22
Timæus, Plato’s, 54
Titus, Emperor, 36, 126
Tobit, Book of, 35
Toledo, xii, 117
Toledo, Lady Leonora de, daughter of D. Peter de Toledo, 49
Toledo, D. Peter de, Viceroy of Naples, 49
Toleration movement, xxii; Owen’s scheme of, xxix; religious, xxxi
Tornunfus, 36 = Turnus Rufus, 157 (notes)
Torquemada, xii
Toscani, Duke of = Duke Cosmus de Medicis, 49
Totonacazenses, 22
Totones of New Spain, 22
Tours, 160 (notes)
Tovey, xli
Trachomites, the, 138
Thrask, 69
Trent, Council of, lxxxi
Treuenburg, von (_see_ Bathsebah)
Tribes, the Ten (_see_ Ten Tribes); the Twelve (_see_ Twelve Tribes); the Two (_see_ Two Tribes)
Trigantius, Nicholaus, 29
Triglath Pilesser, 32
Tuckney, Anthony, xlviii
Tudela, Benjamin of = Tudelensis, 38, 156 (notes), 158 (notes)
Tudelensis (_see_ Tudela)
Tully, cited, 130
Tunes = Tunis, 19, 95, 154 (notes)
Turk, the, 49; the Grand, xv; Jews at Court of the Grand, 85; kingdom of the Great, 86
Turkish Empire, 162 (notes); Jews in, 85, 113
Turks, 57; conquered by Emperor Charles V., 95
Turkey, 100; Jewish families play important part in, 159 (notes)
Tuscany, Grand Duke of, lix, 87
Twelve Tribes, the, of Israel, 153 (notes), (_see_ “Thorn Tree”); Prince of the, 43
Two Tribes, the, 52, 53, 70, 85
Tyberias, Governor of (_see_ Jacob Aben Jaes), 49
Tyril, lxxi
Upper India, 38
“Ur of the Chaldees,” 153 (notes)
Usque, Samuel (_see_ Vasquo), 163 (notes)
Utre, Philip d’, 23, 24
Uziel, Rabbi Jonathan ben, author of “Targum,” 19, 36, 155 (notes)
Valladolid, 47
Valle, Marquis del, 17
Vanega, 18
Vasquo = Usque, 163 (notes); cited, 99
Vega, Don Diego Vaca de la, 25
Vega, Garcillasso de la, 19; cited, 54
Venetian Senate, 160 (notes)
Venetians make peace with Selim, 49
Venezuela, 23
Venice, 86, 87, 160 (notes); Republic of, 49; Senate of, 88, 97
Veray, the Lord Lope de (_see_ Alacron), 158 (notes)
Verga, Solomon Aben, 167 (notes)
Verona, Jews in, 87; Mounts of Piety at, 101
Verus, Jacobus, astrologer of Prague, 28
Vespacius, 17
Vespasian, 126
Vicarius, Joannes Castilianus, 24
Vicenza, Mounts of Piety at, 101
Vienna, 115; Jews in, 86
Villefleur, 28
Villependi, Marquis de = Lord Joseph de Fano, 87
Viles, the, 87
Vinaque, River, 22
“Vindiciæ Judæorum,” xvi, lxiii, lxiv, lxxvii, 105; cited, 164
Violet, Thomas, xlii _n._, lxvii _n._, lxxi, lxxii
Viterbe, Cardinal Egidio di, pupil of Elias Grammaticus, 160 (notes)
Voga, Garcillassos de la; cited, 21
Vorstius, 169 (notes)
Vossius, the family of, 169 (notes)
Vsquoquibs, the, 88
Wales, Judaical sects in, xxii
Wall, Moses, xxvii, 151 (notes), 154 (notes), 161 (notes)
Walsingham, Sir Francis, 165 (notes)
War of Gog and Magog, 43, 52
Webb, lxxv _n._
West Indian Company, xxx
West Indians, 27
West Indies, xxxvi, 11, 19, 21, 29; first Colonies of, 18; inhabitants of, 6
Westminster Assembly, xlviii
Whitchcote, xlviii
Whitehall, xvii, xliv, xlvi, xlvii; meeting of Council of Mechanics at, xix
Whitehall Assembly, xvii, lvii, 144
Whitehall Conference, xix, xlviii, l _n._, li, lii, liii, lviii, lix, lxvi, lxxxiv, 149 (notes); adjourned, xlix; meeting between Nye and Prynne at, 167 (notes)
Whitelock, xxi _n._, xli
Wicofortius, Jaochimus, 31
Wiener, cited, 168 (notes)
Wilkes, Anna, 153 (notes)
Wilkinson, Henry, xlviii
Williams, Roger, xix, xxii, xl
Wilna, 151 (notes)
Wolf, Lucien, cited, xii _n._, xv _n._, xix _n._, xxxiii, xxxviii, lxxv, lxxvi, 157 (notes), 160 (notes)
Wolseley, Sir Charles, xlvi, xlvii
Wood, C. M., cited, 155 (notes)
Xarites, 91
Xenophon, cited, 55
Xylus, 154 (notes)
Yad Hachazaka = Iad a Razaka, 167 (notes)
York, Marrano settlements in, xiv
Zacculo, Abraham = Zaccuto, 45, 158 (notes)
Zaduces, 125
Zarate, cited, 54
Zealand, 27
Zebulon, tribe of, 32
Zeeland, lxix
“Zemach David,” 163 (notes), 169 (notes)
Zeno, Emperor, 31
Zevi, Sabbethai = Pseudo-Messiah, xv
Zidan, Mulai or Mulet = King of Maracco, 49, 127
Zion, 60, 114, 145
“Zoar” = “Zohar” = “Sohar,” 45, 93, 158 (notes), (_see_ Johay), 163 (notes)
Zuñiga, Alonzo di Ercilla y (_see_ Erzilla), 155 (notes)
Zunz, cited, 155 (notes), 157 (notes), 165 (notes)
THE END
Printed by BALLANTYNE, HANSON & CO. Edinburgh & London
Footnote 1:
Wolf, “Crypto-Jews under the Commonwealth” (_Trans. Jew. Hist. Soc._, vol. i. pp. 55 _et seq._); “The Middle Age of Anglo-Jewish History” (_Papers read at the Anglo-Jewish Historical Exhibition_, pp. 53–79).
Footnote 2:
The origin of this name is obscure. There seems to be little doubt that it was originally a nickname, seeing that the classical name for the converts was _Nuevos Cristianos_, or “New Christians.” Graetz believes that Marrano is derived from Maran-atha, in allusion to 1 Cor. xvi. 22, “If any man love not the Lord, let him be Anathema Maran-atha” (_Geschichte der Juden_, vol. viii. p. 73).
Footnote 3:
Kayserling, _Juden in Portugal_, p. 327.
Footnote 4:
Graetz, vol. viii. pp. 309–11; Ehrentheil, _Jüdisches Familien Buch_, p. 326.
Footnote 5:
Kayserling, p. 139.
Footnote 6:
Graetz, vol. x. pp. 195, 196, 200; Da Costa, _Israel and the Gentiles_, p. 408; Kayserling, p. 302.
Footnote 7:
Graetz, vol. viii. pp. 342–43; Colonial State Papers (Spanish), vol. i. pp. 51, 164.
Footnote 8:
Wolf, _Middle Age_, pp. 64, 67–70; S. L. Lee in _Gentleman’s Magazine_, Feb. 1880.
Footnote 9:
Wolf, _Middle Age_, p. 68; Graetz, vol. ix. p. 494.
Footnote 10:
_Historia de los Judios de España_, vol. iii. p. 357.
Footnote 11:
Wolf, _Crypto-Jews_, loc. cit.
Footnote 12:
Wolf, _Middle Age_, pp. 61–63.
Footnote 13:
De Castro, _Auswahl von Grabsteinen_, Part I. p. 28.
Footnote 14:
Rycaut, _History of the Turkish Empire_ (1687), vol. ii. pp. 174, _et seq._
Footnote 15:
_Infra_, pp. 143–145.
Footnote 16:
Tracts on Liberty of Conscience, 1614–1661 (Hanserd Knollys Soc.), pp. 28, 30–31, 47, 71.
Footnote 17:
Hist. MSS. Com. Rep. VII., MSS. of Sir F. Graham, pp. 401–403.
Footnote 18:
See reprint by Hanserd Knollys Soc., p. 141. For Roger Williams’s services to the cause of Jewish Toleration, see Wolf, “American Elements in the Resettlement” (_Trans. Jew. Hist. Soc._, vol. iii. pp. 77–78), and Straus, “Roger Williams, the Pioneer of Religious Liberty,” pp. 172–178.
Footnote 19:
Edwards, _Gangræna_, Part III. p. 103.
Footnote 20:
Art. 10. See also his “Good Work for a Good Magistrate” (1651), pp. 53, 90.
Footnote 21:
_Mercurius Pragmaticus_, Dec. 19–26, 1648.
Footnote 22:
Firth, “Notes on the History of the Jews in England, 1648–1660.” _Trans. Jew. Hist. Soc._, vol. iv.
Footnote 23:
“The Petition of the Jews for the Repealing of the Act of Parliament for their Banishment out of England” (Lond., 1649).
Footnote 24:
Fuller, “A Pisgah-sight of Palestine,” Book V. p. 194.
Footnote 25:
Calendar State Papers, Dom. 1623–25. p. 435.
Footnote 26:
Whitelock, “Memorials,” p. 397.
Footnote 27:
De Castro, _Auswahl_, loc. cit.
Footnote 28:
Edwards, _Gangræna_, i. p. 121; ii. pp. 26, 31; “Middlesex County Records,” vol. iii. pp. 186–87; _Anabaptisticum Pantheon_, p. 233; Hickes, _Peculium Dei_, pp. 19–26. There are many other scattered references in the literature of the period to this curious movement.
Footnote 29:
A good life of Menasseh ben Israel has yet to be written. Short biographies have been published by Kayserling (English translation in _Miscellany of Hebrew Literature_, vol. ii.); the Rev. Dr. H. Adler, Chief Rabbi of the British Empire (_Trans. Jew. Hist. Soc._, vol. i.); and Graetz (_Geschichte der Juden_, vol. x.). None of these is exhaustive, or based on bedrock material.
Footnote 30:
“Gratulação ao seren. Raynha Henri. Maria, dignissima corsorte ao august; Carlo, Rey da Grande Britannia, Francia e Hebernia” (Amst., 1642).
Footnote 31:
Harl. Misc., vol. vii. p. 623; _infra_, p. lxxvii.
Footnote 32:
Thorowgood, “Jews in America” (1660), Postscript to the “Epistle Dedicatory.”
Footnote 33:
The Declaration of the Unity of God, the fundamental teaching of Judaism (Deut. vi. 4–9). _Shema_ means “Hear,” and it is the first word of verse 4: “Hear, O Israel; the Lord our God is one God.”
Footnote 34:
Dury, “Epistolary Discourse to Mr. Thomas Thorowgood” (1649).
Footnote 35:
Thorowgood, “Jews in America” (1650), pp. 129 _et seq._
Footnote 36:
The text of the letter has not been preserved, but its contents are summarised in Holmes’s reply, printed in an appendix to Felgenhauer’s _Bonum Nuncium Israeli_.
Footnote 37:
_Vindiciæ Judæorum_, _infra_, pp. 143–144.
Footnote 38:
Dury, “Epistolary Discourse.” For text of the letters, see _infra_, p. lxxviii.
Footnote 39:
_Bonum Nuncium_, loc. cit.
Footnote 40:
This tract has been the source of a curious misunderstanding. Kayserling, who apparently never examined more of it than the title-page, on which the author is described as “E. S. Middlesex,” ascribed it to “Lord Middlesex,” and regarded it as favourable to Menasseh (_Misc. Heb. Lit._, ii. p. 33). Had he looked at the Latin translation at the end he would have found the name of the author given in full. Moreover, the writer, so far from being philo-Semitic, expressly states that the object of his pamphlet was the “taking off the scandall of our too great desire of entertayning the unbeleeving Nation of the Jewes.” Kayserling’s errors have been adopted without inquiry by Graetz, Adler, and other writers.
Footnote 41:
“Rights of the Kingdom,” p. 39.
Footnote 42:
“Pisgah-sight of Palestine,” Book V. pp. 194 _et seq._
Footnote 43:
“Good Work,” &c., _loc. cit._
Footnote 44:
Writing to Crawford in 1643, says: “The State, in choosing men to serve it, takes no notice of their opinions; if they be willing faithfully to serve it—that satisfies.... Bear with men of different minds from yourself.” Carlyle, “Cromwell’s Letters and Speeches,” i. p. 148.
Footnote 45:
Gardiner, “History of the Commonwealth,” vol. ii.
Footnote 46:
Carlyle, “Cromwell’s Letters and Speeches,” vol. iii. pp. 23, 25, 26.
Footnote 47: