CHAPTER LV

Of the manufacture of majolica in the Duchy of Urbino.

The influence of beauty upon arts usually considered as mechanical, and the exercise of creative talent upon substances of a common or trifling character, are equally proofs of a pervading refinement. It was accordingly a striking feature of Italy in her golden days, that nearly every sort of handiwork felt that influence, and in its turn served to maintain public taste at an elevated standard. To uncultivated or unobservant minds it may seem ridiculous to appreciate the state of high art in a country from the forms of culinary utensils, the colouring of plates, or the carving of a peach-stone; yet the elegance of Etruscan civilisation is nowhere more manifest than in household bronzes; the majolica of Urbino has preserved the designs and the feeling of Raffaele; the genius of Cellini did not spurn the most homely materials. The architects of the Revival were often sculptors; its engineers constructed clocks; while painters then exercised the crafts of jewellery and wood-gilding, or lent their pencils to beautify the potter's handiwork. Our undertaking would accordingly be incomplete without some notice of majolica, or decorative pottery, which under the patronage of her princes brought fame and wealth to the duchy of Urbino.[238]

[Footnote 238: We have had frequent occasion to notice the encouragement given at Urbino to the exact sciences, and the consequent success of those arts most depending upon them. Thus the Baroccio family were celebrated for the accuracy of their mathematical instruments and timepieces, while watchmaking attracted great attention from all the della Rovere dukes. Their family portraits very generally exhibit a table-clock of some eccentric form, and their gifts to princes and royal personages were often chronometers made in their state. One of these, sent to Pius V., exhibited the planetary movements and other complex revolutions of the solar system; another, worn by his Holiness in a ring, marked the hours by gently pricking his finger. In 1535, Francesco Maria I. presented to Charles V., at Naples, a ring wherein a watch struck the hours; and many similar notices occur in the correspondence of his grandson, the last Duke. Guidobaldo II. was especially fond of such mechanical curiosities. Having received from one Giovan Giorgio Capobianco of Vicenza, the Praxiteles of tiny chiselling, a ring which held a watch, whereupon were engraved the signs of the zodiac, with a figure that pointed to and struck the hours--he interfered to save the artist's life, when condemned to death for an assassination at Venice. In gratitude for this favour, the latter made for the Duchess a silver chessboard contained in a cherry-stone; nor should we omit to add that he displayed the same ingenuity on a wider field as an architect and engineer. So, too, Filippo Santacroce, of Urbino, and his sons, are celebrated by Count Cicognara for their minute carvings on gems, ivory, and nuts.]

The earliest work on the ceramic art is that of Giambattista Passeri of Pesaro, who was born about a hundred and fifty years since, and whose inquiries into geology and antiquities attracted him to a subject cognate to them both. While studying the fossils of Central Italy, the transition was not difficult to their fictile products; and after vainly endeavouring to methodise the pottery of Etruria and Magna Grecia, he tried the same good office with better success upon the majolica of his native province.[239] Nor is his theme of so narrow an interest as might on a superficial view be supposed. The existence of pottery has frequently proved a valuable aid to historical research; and even now our surest test of Etruscan refinement is supplied by the painted vases exhumed from the sepulchres of an almost forgotten race.[240] It is not, however, important merely as affording landmarks useful in tracing the civilisation of nations; for, by combining taste with ingenuity, it gives to materials the most ordinary and almost fabulous value, thereby constituting one of the notable triumphs of mind over matter, and largely promoting the advance of intellectual culture. Even in early stages of national improvement, the plastic art, after contributing to the necessities of life, has often been the first to inspire elegance or embody true principles of form and afterwards of colour. Dealing with a substance readily found and easily manipulated, wherein nature might be imitated or fancy developed, it was the precursor of sculpture, the patron of painting, and the handmaid of architecture.

[Footnote 239: The subject has since met with more attention, but no other work has been expressly dedicated to it. We may refer to VASARI, LANZI, and GAYE, _passim_; RICCI, _Notizie delle Belle Arti in Gubbio_; _Kunstblatt_, No. 51; MONTANARI, _Lettera interno ad alcune Majoliche dipinte nella collezione Massa_ in _Giornale Arcadico di Roma_, XXXVII., 333; BRONGNIART, _Traité des Arts Ceramiques_; MARRYAT, _History of Pottery and Porcelain_. It is both an advantage and a pleasure to refer readers unacquainted with this interesting art, to the charming and accurate representations of azulejo, Robbian ware, and majolica, given in the last of these works. It is greatly to be desired that Mr. Marryat may, in continuation of his subject, and with access to English collections unknown to me, supply much information which this slight sketch cannot include.]

[Footnote 240: We enter not upon the contested question of the origin of these productions; wherever made, they prove the taste of those who owned and appreciated them. Besides, the ruder varieties were certainly indigenous to Central Italy from an early period. Neither need we trace the analogy between majolica and enamel. The latter was not unknown to the ancients, though brought by them to no ornamental perfection. During the dark ages, it was used as an accessory of metal sculpture for many purposes of religious art, and was even introduced into large works, such as bronze doors. The splendid reliquary at Orvieto, enamelled on silver at Siena by Ugolino Vieri in 1338, as well as the _paliotti_ of Florence and Pistoja executed in that and the following centuries, show to what perfection this art had attained, ere the painting of porcelain was practised in Italy.]

The earthenware made in Central Italy was usually called _majolica_, in our spelling maiolica. The derivation of its etymology, from the island of Majorca, seems no mere superficial inference from similarity of sounds. Its peculiarity was a glaze, which, besides giving a vehicle for colour, remedied the permeable quality of ancient pottery. Such a glazed surface had long been known to the Saracens, and was imported by the Moors into Spain and the Balearic Isles, in the shape of gaily-tinted tiles, arranged in bands or diaper on their buildings. To these succeeded _azulejos_, generally of blue in various shades, which were mosaicked into church walls in various historical compositions, from designs which Mr. Stirling ascribes to Murillo's pencil. The conquests or commerce of the Pisans imported this fashion, at first by incorporating concave coloured tiles among brickwork, afterwards, at Pesaro, by the use of encaustic flooring. Nor can we exclude from view that the earliest Italian ware has decorations either in geometrical patterns, or with shamrock-shaped foliations of a character rather Saracenic than indigenous, and more indicative of moresque extraction than were the apocryphal armorial bearings of Spain and Majorca, at a period when such insignia were often borrowed as mere ornaments, in ignorance of their origin and meaning. The fabric thus introduced spread over most of Central Italy, and between 1450 and 1700 was largely practised at the towns of Arezzo, Perugia, Spello, Nocera, Città di Castello, Florence, Bologna, Ferrara, Ravenna, Rimini, Forlì, and Faenza (whence its French name _fayence_), Pesaro, Urbino, Fermignano, Castel Durante, and Gubbio, as well as at various places in the Abruzzi.

There is, however, another quarter to which vitrified or encaustic ware may be ascribed, in so far at least as regards improved methods and more important results. Luca della Robbia[*241] was born at Florence in 1399, and from being a jeweller, took to modelling statues and bas-reliefs in clay. Annoyed by the fragile nature of these, and perhaps by the doubtful success of _terra cotta_, he discovered a mode of glazing the surface of his beautiful works, with, it is said, a mixture of tin, _terra ghetta_ (from the lake of Thrasimene), antimony, and other mineral substances. The secret of this varnish was transmitted in the inventor's family until about 1550: it ended in a female, with whose husband, Andrea Benedetto Buglione, it died. Recent attempts to revive the art at Florence have proved but partially successful, and wholly unremunerative; indeed, the mechanical difficulties exceed those of sculpture, including the separation of the work into sections before drying and burning it, and its eventual reunion into one piece. Although neither mild nor equal, the climate at Florence does not seem to influence the Robbian fabrics in the open air, but they have suffered from the frosts and snows of our duchy, where several are broken or blistered, such as the lunette of S. Domenico at Urbino. By much the finest specimen I know there remains [1843] in the desecrated oratory of the Sforzan palace [of 1484] at Gradara; it may be by Andrea della Robbia, and represents an enthroned Madonna and Child, nearly life-size, with attendant saints, the predella complete, and the whole a fine monument of Christian art. Originally, the plastic surface of Robbian ware was of a uniform glistening white, which, though cold in effect, is very favourable to the pure religious sentiment at which it generally aimed. The eyes were then blackened, in order to aid expression. Next, the pallid figures were relieved against a deep cerulean ground. The followers of Luca added fruits and flowers, wreathed in their proper colours. Agincourt justly regrets that these men were led into such innovations by a desire for mastering difficulties, and the ambition of adding to sculpture the beauties of painting; for when colour is given to draperies, the eye is ill-reconciled to an addition which seems to transfer such productions from the category of high art to the level of waxwork. By a further modification, the flesh parts were left unglazed, bringing the warm tone of terra cotta to harmonize with the coloured costumes, architecture and backgrounds being still usually white or deep blue. Passeri, however, asserts for this coloured glaze an earlier discovery in his own province, where pottery was certainly made in the fourteenth century. But it is generally admitted that the art of combining with it lively colours was greatly improved after Pesaro had passed under the Sforza. In 1462, Ventura di Maestro Simone dei Piccolomini of Siena established himself there, along with Matteo di Raniere, of a noble family at Cagli, in order to manufacture earthenware, and may have directed attention to the productions of della Robbia, who had already been employed at Rimini by its tyrant, Sigismondo Pandolfo Malatesta.

[Footnote *241: For all that concerns the Della Robbia, cf. MAUD CRUTTWELL, _Luca and Andrea della Robbia and their School_ (Dent, 1904).]

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An account of majolica[*242] ought to contain the various places noted for its manufacture, the peculiar qualities distinguishing their respective productions, the methods by which these qualities were given, and the artists most successful in producing them. But on most of these points we are left in great ignorance, which my limited observation has not enabled me to dispel. All I can offer is a list of the manufactories and artists, classed to the best of my power, and preceded by a few very general notices of the process.

[Footnote *242: The finest collection of Italian majolica in the world is probably that in Pesaro in the possession of the Municipality.]

The Chevalier Cipriano Picolpasso, of Castel Durante, doctor in medicine and majolica-painter under Duke Guidobaldo II., left a MS. professing to record the secrets of his art; but Passeri, after examination, pronounces his revelations trite, and his historical notices barren. It is, however, agreed that Pesaro was the first site within the duchy of Urbino where the fabric attained celebrity, and that its earliest efforts were called _mezza_ or "half" majolica. This is distinguished by a coarse gritty fracture, of dirty grey colour, and a glaze which does not take much lustre or transparency. It is generally in the form of plates, many of them huge, all clumsily thick, and frequently of a dingy, ill-vitrified yellow on the back. The lustre on the front is rather pearly than metallic; but prismatic, or even golden, iridescence is met with. These productions are assigned, by Passeri and others, to the fifteenth century; but the arms of Leo X. appear on one in the mediæval exhibition of 1850 (No. 543, belonging to Mr. S. Isaacs), and on another in the Hotel Cluny, at Paris; while, in the museum of the Commendatore Kestner, Hanoverian minister at Rome, is a third, designed after Marc Antonio. The "fine" majolica attained its greatest perfection at Urbino between 1530 and 1560, and it was prized chiefly for the perfect vitrification and transparency of its varnish, the comparative thinness and whiteness of the texture, the brilliant colouring, and masterly design. Gubbian pottery combined in some degree the qualities of half and fine ware, but excelled all others in metallic and prismatic glaze.

We shall not encumber our pages with conjectural or vague hints as to the processes of these interesting fabrics. Iridescent lustre obliquely reflected, and a white glaze of dazzling transparency, were the objects respectively aimed at. The former was attained by preparations of lead, copper, silver, and gold; the latter was imparted by dipping the half-baked pottery into a white varnish, over which, while moist, the subject was rapidly painted, correction or retouching being incompatible with the immediate absorption of its colours, which, apart from accidental fusion of tints, and flaws in the furnace, abundantly accounts for the frequent inaccuracy of design. The metallic lustre depended a good deal on lead, the whiteness on a free use of tin.

Those early plates of Pesaro were very rarely signed by their artists; but one in the Hague Museum bears a cipher resembling C.H.O.N., whilst another, quoted by Pungileoni, has a mark composed of G.A.T. interlaced. In 1478, Sixtus IV. wrote his acknowledgments to Costanzo Sforza for a present of "_Vasa fictilia_, most elegantly wrought, which, for the donor's sake, are prized as if of gold or silver rather than of earthenware."[243] In a similar letter, Lorenzo the Magnificent thanked [Roberto] Malatesta, observing that "they please me entirely by their perfections and rarity, being quite novelties in these parts, and are valued more than if of silver," the donor's arms serving daily to recall their origin.[244] Passeri gives a curious proclamation by the Lord of Pesaro, in 1486, narrating that, for good favour to the citizens, and considering a fabric of earthen vases to have been of old practised in that city, superior, by general admission, to all others produced in Italy, and that there were now more workshops than ever,--importation of any species thereof from foreign parts was prohibited, on pain of confiscation and fine, half to the informer, oil and water jars only excepted; and further that, within eight days, all foreign vases should be sent out of the state. In 1510, majolica was numbered among the trades of Pesaro, and in 1532, Duke Francesco Maria confirmed the protection for it which we have just cited. I have not met with the patent for "application of gold to Italian faience," quoted by Mr. H. Rogers as granted, in 1509, to Giacomo Lanfranco of Pesaro, by Duke Guidobaldo, who, by the way, was then dead.

[Footnote 243: Archiv. Dipl. Urbinate at Florence [1845].]

[Footnote 244: GAYE, _Carteggio_, I., p. 304. He was probably Roberto Malatesta, who served the Florentines in 1479, and died 1482; so Gaye's date of 1490 seems erroneous.]

It may have been soon after this date that "fine" superseded "half" ware in the potteries of Pesaro, where the art obtained a new stimulus on transference hither of the court by Duke Guidobaldo II. Thereafter it is impossible to distinguish earthenware issuing from these establishments from that of Urbino, their quality being similar, and the artists in many cases identical; but by that Prince's patronage it unquestionably attained its greatest perfection. A petition by certain makers of Pesaro for protection, is given in X. of the Appendix, as illustrating then received principles of trade, as well as of this fabric. It bears date in 1552; and in 1569, the Duke granted to Giacomo Lanfranco, of that city, a patent for twenty-five years, guarded by 500 scudi of penalty, for his inventions in applying gold to vases, and in constructing them of great size (exceeding the capacity of two _some_), of antique forms, and wrought in relievo. As a further encouragement, he and his father Girolamo were exempted from every impost or tax, and from mill-dues on grinding ten _some_ of grain annually. Proud of the reputation of his native pottery, Guidobaldo was in the habit of presenting services of majolica to foreign princes and personages, who again often sent commissions to be executed in the duchy, bearing their arms. A double service was, according to Vasari, given by him to Charles V.; and another to Philip II., painted by Orazio Fontana from Taddeo Zuccaro's designs; while Passeri mentions a set presented to Fra Andrea of Volterra, each piece inscribed _G.V.V.D. [Guid Vbaldonis Urbini Ducis] Munus, F. Andreæ Volaterano_. I found in the Oliveriana MSS. a letter addressed to his brother the Cardinal of Urbino, describing a _buffet_ for Monsignor Farnese, with its inventory, which will be found at XI. of the Appendix. The most important, however, of the ducal commissions was a very numerous set of jars, of many sizes and shapes, for the use of his laboratory [_spezeria_], a fashion imitated by other dilettanti. Blue, yellow, and green are their prevailing hues; they are always labelled with the name of some drug or mixture, and occasionally have a portrait or other subject. The original set was gifted by Francesco Maria II. to the treasury of Loreto, where about three hundred and eighty of them still serve their original purpose, many duplicates being met with in collections. Specimens will be found engraved by Bartoli, and in Mr. Marryat's beautiful volume; the offers of various crowned heads to replace them by others of gold and silver, are well-known travellers' tales, but in truth they are far from choice specimens.

Like other branches of fine art, majolica-painting showed an early preference for sacred themes; but the primitive plates of Pesaro bear effigies of saints much more frequently than scripture histories, or doctrinal representations. Then came in a fashion for portraits of living or historical persons, including warriors, high-born dames, and classical heroes, inscribed with their names. These paintings are all flat and lifeless, with scarcely an attempt at relief, or graduated tints; the ornaments are rude, inclining to Moorish, and totally different from what is called arabesque. From the della Robbian influence were probably borrowed plates brimming with coloured fruits in relievo, a variety of little interest, but reminding us of similar French productions in a later period. In the sixteenth century, the mania of classicism, elsewhere discussed,[245] much affected majolica; and in its designs, although events of the Old Testament were not abandoned, saintly legends gave place to scenes from Ovid and Virgil. For behoof of the unlettered curious, the incident was shortly, often clumsily, described in blue letters on the back, with a reference to the text. In a few cases (perhaps of _amatorii_ or nuptial gifts), I have found the very finest productions degraded by grossly indecent designs; in more numerous ones groups of nude figures disport themselves in the manner of Giulio Romano. Those in which Raffaelesque arabesques prevail, belong chiefly to the latter portion of Guidobaldo's reign. From that time the fabric decayed rapidly, owing partly to a general decline of æsthetic taste, partly to the impaired state of that Duke's finances, and the indifference of his successor. Even after historical compositions were neglected, considerable dexterity was displayed in painting trophies, arms, musical instruments, utensils, marine monsters, children, grotesques, birds, trees, flowers, fruits, and landscapes, designs of that class being easily repeated and their inaccuracies passing for studied extravagance. But the drawing got worse, the colouring more feeble, as good artists dropped off, carrying with them their sketches, and superseded by engravings from Sadeler and other Flemings, whose vile taste contributed to lower the standard of better times.[246] Public favour, ever capricious, was successfully wooed by the oriental porcelain, which now found its way among the higher ranks, while the augmented supply of silver encouraged a more extended use of plate. Thus discredited, the manufacture progressively deteriorated, until, in 1722, the stoneware of Urbania was of the most ordinary description, the efforts of Cardinal Legate Stoppani to reinstate a better fabric having totally failed; and thus neglected, the most beautiful productions of its happier time were dispersed, or passed to the meanest uses, from which another whim of fashion, as much as the revival of a better taste, has suddenly rescued them.

[Footnote 245: See vol. II.]

[Footnote 246: In 1845, the Canon Staccoli at Urbino showed me a plate equally feeble in design and colour, signed _F.M. Doiz Fiamengo fecit_, a proof that it was no despised production of the time.]

Much of what has been said of the fine majolica of Pesaro is applicable to that ascribed to Urbino, most of which appears to have been made in the neighbouring towns of Fermignano, Gaifa, and Castel Durante (now Urbania), the alluvial washings of the Metauro being peculiarly adapted for the purest white glaze. Yet Pungileoni has wormed out of some old notarial protocols the names of Mo. Giovanni di Donnino in 1477, and of Mo. Francesco in 1501, both designed of Gardutia, potters (_figuli_) at Urbino. He also establishes that coloured figures were executed there in vases in 1521. Passeri denies that those ruby and gold colours for which we shall find Gubbio celebrated, and which certainly were known in the workshops of Pesaro, ever came into use at Urbino,--a conclusion which we shall have occasion to correct. Indeed, this secret of metallic iridescence is said to have been known at Florence, and I have seen a plate of golden lustre bearing the emblem of the woolstaplers' guild [_arte della lana_]; but if such manufactory existed, I have found no notice of it, and the still flourishing one of Ginori in the Val d'Arno pretends to no such antiquity. I was shown at Florence a tile, on which Annibale Caracci's Galatea was represented with great accuracy of design, but poor and hard in colour, signed "_Ferdinand Campani, Siena, 1736_." In the latter town there is said to have been a fabric known by the name of _Terchi_; the analogous one, near Fermo, in the Abruzzi, called _Grue_, sent forth, I believe, most of those tiles, small plates, or cups and saucers,--ornamented with landscapes of tolerable design, but tinted in sickly yellow or blue, and totally devoid of style,--which abound in Lower Italy.

The prismatic glaze, especially of gold and ruby colour, was unequalled in those plates painted at Gubbio by Maestro Giorgio Andreoli, who appears to have come hither from Pavia with his brothers Salimbeni and Giovanni. His name was there enrolled among the nobility in 1498, but the dates affixed to his plates extend from 1518 to about 1537. He had previously executed several plastic works of the nature of della Robbia's figures, the principal of which was a Madonna del Rosario altar-piece for the Domenican church, which has been enthusiastically described in No. 928 of the London _Athenæum_. It was torn down by the French in their wonted course of rapine, and, to the disgrace of the local authorities of Gubbio, lay neglected for several years after the peace, until purchased for the Steidl Institut at Frankfort. The only other of his productions remaining at Gubbio is a life-sized statue of St. Anthony in the same church, quite inferior as regards design and religious feeling to those of the Tuscan sculptors, and which, though coloured, has no metallic lustre. He is said by Passeri to have lived until 1552; and of his family, who long occupied an honourable station in their native city, only a son, Cencio, followed his father's profession. I have seen a plate of this school at Mr. Forrest's, 54 Strand [1850], rudely signed with G; others have R, perhaps il Rovigese, whom I shall presently mention. Mo. Prestino da Gubbio wrought about 1557, but the latest date I have seen with metallic lustre and the Gubbian mark is 1549, on which the iridescence was extremely feeble.

Passeri's assertion, that the Gubbian glaze was borrowed from the half-majolica of Pesaro, may be correct; but we might, perhaps, maintain for it a date as early as 1474, on the authority of a beautiful small plate possessing its peculiarities, and exhibiting Duke Federigo's name and profile in relief, within a coloured border of oak-leaves also in relief, made, possibly, on occasion of his alliance with the della Rovere, by marriage of the Lord Prefect with his daughter in that year. This interesting memorial is No. 2286 of the Mediæval Gallery at the Louvre. In Mr. Marryat's choice cabinet is a half-ware plate, bearing on the back a monogram, which that gentleman supposes of Maestro Giorgio's early period, before he had discovered the mode of obtaining iridescent varnishes. It displays a group of nude figures in pale greyish tints, without any approach to brilliant colouring. His usual signature was dashed off with a metalliferous brush on the back, _Mo. Go. da Vgubio_, with the date, as at No. 11 of the same facsimiles, from a plate in my possession. Such pieces are rare, and highly prized; their subjects are usually saints, classical groups, or grotesques, vases being very seldom met with. A branch of this fabric is said to have been seated at Nocera; and several, with bright red and blue tracery on a gold metallic ground, dated 1537-8, in the choice cabinet of Signor Serafino Tordelli at Spoleto [1845], are supposed by him of that fabric. Among other exquisite specimens, he has one by Maestro Giorgio, 1529, rivalling the finest miniature, and representing Archimedes measuring a globe, in front of the Communal Palace at Gubbio.

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Thus much regarding the various manufactories of majolica connected with Urbino. The forms and purposes to which it was turned were very various. The first plates of Pesaro, chiefly of great size [_bacili_], were probably for table use, but a variety of them, called _amatorii_, were either tender souvenirs or marriage gifts. These usually had the lady's portrait, with the complimentary epithet of Bella, as in this example now in my possession; at other times united hands and a transfixed heart, with a motto of affection, moralising, or banter. Several such have been described by Passeri, Marryat, and others, but I shall add a few which have come under my observation. 1. At Florence: _Francesca bella a paragon di tutti_, "Frances, of beauty comparable to any one." 2. At Rome: _Nemo sua sorte contentus erat_, "Each has something to grumble about." 3. Sir Thomas B. Hepburn; a lady holding a gigantic pink: _Non è sì vago el fiore che non imbiacca o casca_, "There is no flower so lovely but fades or droops." 4. Rome; a dame of rueful countenance: _Sola miseria caret invidia_, "Only the miserable escape envy." 5. Pesaro, Massa collection: _Per dormire non si acquista_, "The indolent get nothing." 6. Florence: _Chi bien guida sua barcha sempre emporto_, "Who steers well his bark, always makes the harbour." 7. Pesaro:--

_S'il dono è picolo e di pocho valore, Basta la fedel povere se redore._

"If small the gift and scant of merit A poor slave's faith,--enough, you share it."[247]

[Footnote 247: The rules of syntax are in these often overstepped, and conjecture left to eke out the sense. My reading is literal, of _basta la fe del povere sevedore_, which is intelligible, and rhymes, as is not the case with _basta la fede, e 'l povere se vedo_, the version of Passeri. This author tells us of a certain coy or mischievous Philomela who pierced her lover's present with holes and made of it a mouse-trap! Also of an exquisite Gubbian plate, portraying the _Daniella Diva_, who displays a wounded heart with the legend _Oimè!_ "Ah me." A drug-bottle in Mr. Marryat's collection, and engraved in his work, has the portrait of a lady whose squint is given to the life.]

8, 9. Florence, and evidently nuptial presents: _Per fin che vivo, io sempre t'amerò_, "While I live, you I love"; the other, a bridegroom and bride exchanging a hearty kiss. Most of these portrait-plates were deep, and are said not to have been delivered empty. Brides received them brimming with jewels; for dancing partners they were filled with fruits and confections; to a lady in childbed was presented a salver containing the sort of chamber service called in French a _déjeûner de marié_, appropriately decorated with infant legends of gods and heroes; at children's balls, were given tiny plates of sugar-plums, whereon a dancing Cupid sounding his cymbal was often painted. 10. Massa collection,--this has a sadder import: _Un bel morire tutta la vita onora_, "A beautiful death confers illustration on a lifetime," was, no doubt, in memory of some venerated friend, and might have been used to serve her funeral meats.[248]

[Footnote 248: In order to finish our notice of mottoes, a few others may be here added. 11. Massa collection; a female portrait, on whose breast are the arms of Montefeltro: _Viva, Viva il Duca di Urbino_. 12. Rome, Kestner Museum; another female portrait: _Ibit ad geminos lucida fama pollo_ (?). 13. Kestner Museum and that at the Hague; St. Thomas probing the Saviour's wound: _Beati qui non viderunt et crediderunt_, "Blessed are they that have not seen, and yet have believed." 14. Spoleto, Tordelli collection; a beautiful female resisting a crowd of armed soldiery: 1540. _Italia mesta sottosopra volta, como pei venti in mare le torbid'onde, ch'or da una parte et hor da l'altra volta._ "1540. Dejected Italy, tossed like the wind-lashed waves, turning now hither now thither." 15. Rome,--satire on the sack of Rome; a warrior in antique armour strikes with a two-handed sword at a naked woman stretched in a lascivious posture, behind whom five others tremblingly await their fate: it is inscribed behind, 1534. _Roma lasciva dal buon Carlo quinto partita a mezza. Fra Xanto a. da Rovigo, Urbino._ "Rome, the wanton, cut up by the good Charles V.; by Brother Xante of Rovigo, at Urbino." This plate, glowing with iridescence, contradicts Passeri's opinion (already quoted) that stanniferous glaze was never practised in the Urbino workshops, as does the tile introduced three pages below. 16. Rome; a grandly draped female, sitting in desolation over a dead child: _Fiorenzo mesta i morti figlii piange_, "Disconsolate Florence weeps for her lifeless offspring," in the plague visitation of 1538. Though with the most brilliant ruby and gold lustre I ever saw, it has in blue the cipher X, probably also of Xante in Urbino.]

But to return to the uses of this pottery. Those who have observed the rich effect of the majolica sparingly displayed in the late Mediæval Exhibition at the Adelphi [1850] may readily admit that, on a buffet lit up by Italian suns, its glowing tints and attractive forms were no mean substitute for the as yet scarce precious metals. Ingenuity was taxed to invent designs and adaptations of an art in which fashion ran riot:--Tiles for floors or panelling; vases of mere ornament; beakers; epergnes; wine-coolers; perfume-sprinklers; fountains, whence there flowed alternately, as if by magic, water or wine of nine varieties at the bidding of the bewildered guests; wine-cups clustered with grapes, through an orifice in which the liquor was sucked, anticipating the American device for discussing sherry-cobbler. Of drug-bottles and pots we have spoken. Sauce-boats, salt-cellars, and inkstands gave rise to endless caprices, in the guise "of beasts, and of fowl and fishes"; and to these may be added figure-groups of saints, grotesque characters and animals, fruits, trees, and pilgrims' bottles.

In the decorations there was generally a consistency, too often lost sight of by modern artificers. Thus, toilet-basins were painted with marine deities, water-nymphs, or aquatic allegories; fruit-stands with fruit and vintages; wine-cups with vine-festoons. Among the oddities may be mentioned tiny tea-cups, into the paste for which was mingled a portion of dust carefully gathered in sweeping out the holy house at Loreto, their sanctity being vouched by the inscription, _Con pol. di S.C._, "With dust from the Santa Casa." The effigy of the Madonna of Loreto is often affixed, in colour and design on a par with the superstition. A pair of these was shown at the Mediæval Exhibition of 1850, No. 562 of the catalogue, belonging to a Mrs. Palliser.

* * * * *

Having thus considered the various sites and sorts of Urbino majolica, its processes and purposes, we shall mention some of the artists employed upon it. Of these there were two classes, the potter who mixed and manipulated, modelled and moulded clay-clod into an article of convenience or luxury, and the painter whose pencil rendered it an object of the fine arts; latterly, however, these branches were combined, and were carried on by a class of artificers called _vasaii_ or _vasari_, and _boccalini_, according as vases or bottles prevailed in their workshops. The little that has come to our knowledge regarding those by whom the early Pesarese and Gubbian ware was fashioned and decorated will be found in a former page. The latter makers of Pesaro and Urbino have more frequently left us the means of identifying their performances in monograms or signatures, usually inscribed in blue characters on the back of plates. But before considering these, we may dispose of the vulgar error which has given Raffaele's name to Italian porcelain. Superficial or romancing writers have often seriously repeated, with purely fictitious additions, Malvasia's petulant sneer, which he was fain quickly to retract, that the great Sanzio was a painter of plates; others have, without better grounds, made him assistant to his father, a potter. There is however nothing connecting him with the ceramic art beyond a loose notice by Don V. Vittorio, in his _Osservazioni Sopra Felsina Pittrice_ (pp. 44, 112-14), of a letter from Raffaele referring to designs supplied by him to the Duchess for majolica. That he did supply such drawings is possible, though discredited by Pungileoni, and, if true, it in no way compromises his status, at a period when high art lent a willing hand to decorate and elevate the adjuncts and appliances of domestic life. This much is certain, that compositions emanating from Sanzio and his school were employed in ornamenting porcelain during the sixteenth century, but they were doubtless obtained from his pupils, or from the engravings of Marc Antonio. Such is the title here introduced from the original in my possession (8-1/2 inches by 7), which is one of the most Raffaelesque I have met with, and which, though not signed, displays the colouring practised by Fra Xanto, the blue and green being deep and well marked, the orange and yellow of the clouds and curtain in metallic iridescence.

In this, as in most instances, the design is somewhat marred by the colours having run when laid on, or during vitrification. The mistake as to Sanzio has been partly occasioned by confusion with Raffaele del Colle, who painted at the Imperiale, and is said by tradition to have contributed sketches for the Pesarese workshops, and also with another Raffaele Ciarla, who seems to have been a potter, about 1530-60. Battles, sieges, and mythological figures resembling the vigorous inventions of Giulio Romano, are not unfrequent; and in the Kestner Museum, I have observed several plates of choice design and Raffaelesque character, especially the Fall and Expulsion of our first Parents, and the Gathering of Manna. But these are satisfactorily accounted for by Passeri's statement, that, with a view to improve a native manufacture which brought to his state both estimation and wealth, Duke Guidobaldo II. took infinite pains in collecting a better class of drawings and prints from celebrated masters, on the dispersion of which, in consequence of their being sought for by collectors, the pictorial excellence of majolica rapidly declined. The first symptom of decay was the substitution of monotonous arabesques, weak in colour and repeated from the type introduced by Raffaele, in place and figure groups and other subjects requiring composition and design.

* * * * *

Premising that we cannot now distinguish exactly between potters and the painters, where these cognate occupations chanced to be divided, and that the same persons occasionally wrought at various places in the duchy, we shall supply a notice of the names we have met with in connection with the workshops of Pesaro, Urbino, and Castel Durante, during the sixteenth century.

Terenzio Terenzi painted vases and plates at Pesaro, one of which he signed "Terenzio fecit, 1550," but his usual mark was T. Another is inscribed, "Questo piatto fu fatto in la Bottega de Mastro Baldassare, Vasaro da Pesaro e fatto per mano de Ferenzio fiolo di Mastro Matteo Boccalaro." He was doubtless the person who, under the surname of Rondolino, became notorious at Rome for his clever pictorial forgeries of the great master's works, although said by Ticozzi to have been born at Pesaro in 1570. The signature "Mastro Gironimo, Vasaro in Pesaro, J.P." occurs from 1542 to 1560, and to him Mr. Marryat ascribes, on what authority I know not, the mark A.O. connected by a cross, which Passeri quotes as of another artist in 1582; the letters I.P. that gentleman reads _in Pesaro_. This Girolamo Lanfranco was a native of Gabicce, near Pesaro, and died in 1599, leaving sons Girolamo and Ludovico. In his favour, and that of his son, were granted the privileges already referred to, as dated 1552 and 1569.

In connection with the workshops of Urbino, we have these names. Giovanni and Francesco di Donnino had a commission for a set of vases for Cardinal Capaccio. _Fra Xanto. a. da Rovigo in Urbino_ signed platters of great size and beautiful design, about 1532-4, some of which show a very fine metallic and prismatic lustre. The mark X, occurring on pieces of that quality, does not, however, always refer to him. A splendid plate in Mr. Marryat's rich collection, commemorative of the taking of Goletta, in Africa, by Charles V., is inscribed _In Urbino nella botteg di Francesco de Silvano, X. MDXXXXI._; and a Judith of great beauty, in the Tordelli cabinet, signed F.X. 1535, is, no doubt of that master. Contemporary and very analogous are plates with an iridescence rivalling that of Maestro Giorgio, signed _Mastro Rovigo di Urbino_, or _Da Rovigiese_: of this artist, probably the countryman of Xanto, we know nothing, but he may be the same who signs Gubbian plates with R. Equally little can we say as to Giulio of Urbino, who is mentioned as working for the Duke of Ferrara, about 1530; or of Cesare da Faenza, then employed in the shop of Guido Merlini, of Urbino. Much more noted are the Fontana family, originally of Castel Durante. From thence Guido, son of Nicolò, emigrated to the capital, where his son Orazio painted many of the finest productions of the reign of Guidobaldo II., including the best vases of his laboratory, his usual mark being this, meaning _Orazio Fontana Urbinate fece_. Among the treasures and trash of Strawberry Hill was a very large vase, with serpent handles, and designs ascribed to Giulio Romano, inscribed _Fate in botega di Orazio Fontana_.[249] A plate described by Passeri, has the story of Horatius Cocles, with the motto _Orazio solo contra Toscana tutta, fatto in Pesaro 1541_, which appears to be a _jeu de mots_ intended by Fontana as a challenge to the rival fabrics of Tuscany.[250] For him has been claimed the invention of Gubbian glaze; while others say his discovery was a mode of preventing the mixture of colours during vitrification. He died in 1571, his labours having been shared by a brother Camillo, who carried the art to Ferrara, and a nephew Flaminio, who settled in Florence.

[Footnote 249: A magnificent pair of triangular fonts in the same collection brought at the sale 168_l._]

[Footnote 250: The ancestors of Giorgio Vasari were surnamed from their occupation of vase-makers (_vasari_), at Arezzo. The Ginori establishment near Florence is comparatively modern.]

Among the pupils of Orazio was Raffaele Ciarla, whose name we have noticed as confused with that of Raffaele Sanzio, and who painted a buffet of porcelain, after designs by Taddeo Zuccaro, which his sovereign presented to Philip II. of Spain. He wrought between 1530 and 1560. Gianbattista Franco, a Venetian painter of whom we have lately spoken, was invited by Duke Guidobaldo II., about 1540, to supply designs for majolica, in consequence of his reputation for clever drawings in the dangerous style of Michael Angelo. The loss of his cupola for the cathedral at Urbino is not to be regretted; but in a humbler sphere he acquitted himself better, and some of the vases in the laboratory bear his signature, B.F.V.F., _Battista Franco Urbinas fecit_. Among the latest artists was Alfonso Patanazzi, who was born at Urbino of a noble family, and died in 1694; but his productions (signed in full, or with his initials) have no artistic merit whatever.

It remains to mention those who wrought chiefly at Castel Durante, or, as it was named after the Devolution to the Holy See, Urbania. The Chevalier Cipriano Picolpasso, from being a professor of the healing art, took to pottery about 1550, and left a MS. account of some of the secrets of that fabric and of its glazes, which was used by Passeri for his work. Mr. Marryat considers that he was peculiarly successful in painting trophies. Guido di Savino is said to have carried the art from Castel Durante to Antwerp; and he or Guido Fontana may be author of a plate, in the Soane Museum, of the Fates, signed _In botega di Mo. Guido Durantino in Urbino_. To either of them I am disposed to assign the monogram, No. 12, of our 18th plate of facsimiles, which Mr. Marryat reads as Castel Durante, but which seems to me a G.D., for Guido Durantino. Alessandro Gatti, of that place, had three brothers, Giovanni, Tiseo, and Luzio, whom Picolpasso mentions as having emigrated to Corfu, and there established the same fabric. Cardinal Stoppani, Legate of Pesaro, in last century, made some ineffectual attempts to restore the manufacture at Urbania, and the only pottery now produced in the duchy is of the most ordinary white stoneware. It would be interesting to know the scale of remuneration for mere artistic varieties of majolica, but the prices given by Passeri, from Picolpasso's MS., refer only to the more ordinary and mechanical designs, such as grotesques with monsters, arabesques, trophies with armour, fruit, flowers, and foliage; of these the first was the most costly, the last the cheapest, varying from two Roman scudi to about two and a half pauls per hundred. Supposing money in 1560 to have been six times its present value in Italy, these sums may be considered equal to fifty shillings and six shillings respectively.[251]

[Footnote 251: Pungileoni quotes a demand made in 1683 of 50 scudi (about 11_l._) for a plate reputed to have been painted by Raffaele; this, at thrice the present money value, would give 32_l._ as its price.]

In Italy, the collection of majolica made by the Chevalier Massa, at Pesaro, is specially worthy of notice, and contains specimens of most varieties made in the duchy. It was chiefly got together between 1825 and 1835 when these were still abundant and little sought after; but the district was nearly cleared of them about twelve years since, by an agent of Parisian dealers. The Chevalier, who was in extreme old age in 1845, had bequeathed his majolica--consisting of about five hundred pieces, with a few indifferent pictures--to his native town, unless he could, during life, sell the whole for about 1000_l._, destined by him to charitable purposes. Another numerous collection is that of Signor Mavorelli, at La Fratta, near Perugia. The small but choice cabinet of Signor Serafino Tordelli, at Spoleto, has already been mentioned. Specimens may still be picked up in Rome, Florence, Paris, and London; but perhaps the most specimens are in the hands of English amateurs.

APPENDICES

APPENDIX I

(Page 21)

CORRESPONDENCE OF CLEMENT VII. WITH DUKE FRANCESCO MARIA BEFORE THE SACK OF ROME, 1527

There are several brieves preserved in the Archivio Diplomatico at Florence, affording evidence of the Pope's feeble and inconsistent policy. His missive, announcing to the Duke the truce with Lannoy, was dated the 16th of March, and was followed by one of the 20th of April, which we shall here translate:--

To our beloved Son, the noble Francesco Maria, Duke of Urbino, Captain-general of the Venetians.

Beloved Son, health and apostolic benediction!

We have written but once to your nobility since coming to this armistice with the enemy, for, matters not being yet fully settled, we had nothing certain to apprise you of. But we understood that, by the letters of our dear son and lieutenant, Francesco Guicciardini, you were already made aware of all we could have asked of you, and had by your own good conduct anticipated it, which is to us most pleasing and acceptable, and daily more realises our hopes of you. As to this suspension of arms, we stooped to it more readily from being destitute of means or assistance, and from measuring the inclinations of others by our own pacific dispositions. But now that our enemies' conduct seems rather to abuse our clemency and moderation than to approach any equitable course, we do not well see how we can safely come to any terms with them. Thus, induced by necessity, and by your worth and good will, as well as cheered by the entire justice of our cause, we desire to make your nobility aware that we have utterly dismissed from our mind all truce with adversaries so perfidious, and are willing and ready rather to hazard any peril of war than submit to such unworthy and iniquitous conditions; yet, believing victory much more imminent than danger, we trust that their obstinacy and insolence will be easily put down, provided your forces can timeously coalesce with our own, and you exercise all zeal and caution in effecting this. We therefore not only exhort your nobility to this, but we fully rely on your doing it, as matter at once of duty and propriety, and from your disposition in favour of the Italian liberties and the dignity of ourselves and this Holy See. We, on our part, shall maintain towards our beloved sons, the Venetian government, that firm attitude which shall satisfy all of our constancy, things being now come to such a pitch that we must either sink dishonoured on failure of your aid and support, or by your help shall emerge with credit. As regards our paternal and affectionate concern for your personal dignity and interests, we can add nothing to the promises already made you by letters and envoys, which we shall amply carry out. Let your nobility, therefore, go on as you have so well begun, nor relax until we and you and all Italy be rid of all these barbarian excesses. After perusing these brieves, your nobility will forward them to the Doge and Signory of Venice, for, news of the enemy's obstinacy and faithlessness reaching us by express at midnight, we had to write to your nobility before we could communicate anything to their ambassador.

Given at St. Peter's, Rome, under the fisher's signet, the 20th April, 1527, in the fourth year of our pontificate.

BLOSIUS.

On the 22nd and 30th the Pope wrote again, but in general terms, and referring for details to the accredited bearer and to former despatches. He exhorted the Duke, in formal and measured phrase, to do his utmost towards fulfilling the expectations reposed on him and the Venetians, upon whom were based all the Pontiff's hopes; but neither in letter nor spirit do these brieves indicate any perception of the extreme hazards of his position.

APPENDIX II

(Page 21)

THE SACK OF ROME

I. _Letter from the Bishop of Modula to the Generals of the League._[252]

[Footnote 252: Sanuto Diarii MSS. Bib. Marciana, xlv. f. 132.]

Most illustrious Lords of the League,

Let your most illustrious Lordships speed on quickly without loss of time, seeing by these presents that the enemy have carried the Borgo, though our Lord and all Rome were well fortified. Monsignor de Bourbon is dead of an arquebus-shot below the abdomen, and a man has just come in who happened to aid in carrying off his body. More than three thousand of the enemy have fallen. Let your Lordships, then, press on, for the enemy are in the utmost disorder; quickly, quickly, without loss of time. Your servant,

GUIDO, BISHOP OF MODULA.

From Viterbo, the 7th of May, 1527, 3 P.M.

To the most illustrious Lords, the Duke of Urbino and the Marquis of Saluzzo, Captains of the League.

II. _Letter from Scipione ... to Alessandro Moresino, alias Venezianello, Master of the Chamber of the Prince Guidobaldo, dated at Urbino, 20th of May, 1527, narrating the destruction of Rome._

Most dear as an honoured brother,

I wish I were fitter than at present, and more easy in mind, to write you of the strange, horrible, and atrocious event befallen the wretched, miserable, and ill-fated city of Rome. Although I feel assured that, from different advices, you will have had partial, if not full accounts, nevertheless, that I may not fail in duty, I have thought it best to inform you of all I have yet heard, notwithstanding that I tell it with aching heart and tearful eye.

I therefore inform you that eight days ago last Monday, being the 18th inst., about 22 o'clock [half-past 5 P.M.], the Spanish imperial army presented itself at the bastion of the gate. Their object was to make trial, and see how and by whom it was guarded, not having courage to attack; but after consulting together, and deciding to assault, and even to make their way into the city, they took some food, and then suddenly and all in a mass attempted with furious impetuosity to force the bastion, which is said to have been ill guarded, there being but four thousand regular infantry in Rome. In this attack, both sides behaved with great bravery, and were supposed to have lost about one thousand men, including the flower of the Spaniards. Bourbon, observing the slaughter and immense confusion, rushed on with all the lansquenets. The castle maintained a fire of artillery as they best could; but the air being obscured by a dense fog, they could not see the effect of it, and battered down a piece of wall.[253] Through it, and by storming the bastion, the Imperialists entered, and there Bourbon met his death from an arquebus-shot, which passed quite through his belly. The papal troops, unable to offer more resistance, fled towards the castle, into which most of them were admitted, especially those who arrived first. It is rumoured, but not confirmed, that the Lord Stefano Colonna, who commanded the guard at that bastion, capitulated. Next day, being Tuesday, the enemy, though within the town, made no aggressions, but proceeded cautiously, dreading some ambush. Having, however, assured themselves that there was no cause for mistrust, they began to spread over the city, and to plunder the monasteries, nunneries, and hospitals, with great slaughter of those found therein. The hospital of San Spirito was destroyed, and the patients were thrown into the Tiber, after which they commenced attacking the palaces of cardinals and gentlemen, with much bloodshed and cruelty; and I have been told this morning by Francesco, son of Battista Riceco, that one Maestro Jacomo, the first perfumer in Rome, is come to his house, having escaped with four other chance companions, whom, being a very old friend, he has thought it necessary to receive kindly in his house; and he learned from him as certain, having been witness to it, that the lansquenets, that inhuman and villainous race of Lutheran infidels, slew without mercy those of all ages, sexes, and conditions whom they found in the streets; also, that they attacked Cardinal Cesarini's palace, wherein were many Roman gentlemen, guarded by two hundred infantry; and having stormed it, put them all to the sword, it being uncertain if the Cardinal himself were there. Thence they proceeded to the Spanish Archbishop of Cosenza's palace, wherein were some five hundred of his countrymen, men of credit inhabiting Rome, who had retired thither as to a place of safety; but all, without exception, were cut to pieces. They next went to the house of Messer Domenico de' Massimi, a Roman gentleman, who had there his wife and two children, with many noble persons of the city of all ages, every individual of whom were slain--men, women, children, servants, maids; and it was the same in many others, whose names I do not remember, so that the dead bodies lie in heaps in the houses and palaces of the nobility, each day getting worse. Fancy the affliction of the poor ladies, seeing husbands, brothers, children massacred before their eyes, without the power of aiding them, and worse still, they were themselves killed next moment. It is not believed that had the Turk come on such an enterprise, his barbarity would have equalled that daily, continuously, and perseveringly practised by these ruffians. I cannot imagine a greater purgatory or hell than to hear the weeping and lamentation there must be in that afflicted city.

[Footnote 253: This letter, though inaccurate in several details, the author writing at a distance from the events, affords curious evidence of the consternation generally occasioned by the sack of Rome.]

But I forgot that he told me they were barricading the Marchioness of Mantua's palace, as he left Rome, in which were her Excellency, with many Roman ladies, who had fled there as to an asylum, but the result was not known. He also said that the _Bande nere_ of the late Lord Giovanni de' Medici were to have from the Pope double pay for their services, which his Holiness refusing, a part of them remained in Rome, and the rest went off in disgust and joined the Spaniards in plundering, being the foremost to assault that bastion which was defended by their comrades, and having, in fact, secured the Imperialists their victory, as without them neither the lansquenets nor Spaniards had ever got into the city.

The Pope is in the castle, with many cardinals and other persons of station: they are said to have a year's provisions, with ample ammunition and artillery. This Maestro Giacomo says he heard that the Imperialists, dubious of succours, thought of fortifying the bridges, with the intention of holding their ground against any who might annoy them. As yet the lansquenets have made no prisoners, but the Spaniards have pillaged immensely, and taken vast numbers of men, women, priests, and people of all sorts, so that there is, from Rome to Naples, an uninterrupted stream of baggage and prisoners sent by them. He also mentions that the chief of Colonna most courageously charged the lansquenets, crying Colonna! Colonna! but after a great fray, he was beaten and his followers killed, whereupon Pompeo Colonna, thinking to elevate himself and put down his enemies, fled away, and neither he nor any of his house have been since heard of. It was reported that four soldiers were killed in entering the castle, but this is since contradicted. Cardinal del Monte and many more cardinals are missing, and it is not known if they got in there, or are dead, or taken, or escaped. It is suspected that these anti-Christian dogs will put all Rome to flames; and we may anticipate that after suffering all this rapine, pillage, slaughter, and captivity, it will soon have to endure a grievous pestilence, from the number of dead bodies left in the palaces and houses, which no one removes for burial, and which are putrefying in masses, so that no one can enter, on account of the stench, without inhaling infection. It is also said that, a day or two ago one of the Pope's chamberlains was secretly sent by his Holiness from the castle in the night to our Duke [of Urbino], to inform him of the state of matters, and to exhort him and the other captains of the League to push on with the army to his aid; and that all these other leaders having repaired to consult with his Lordship, they unanimously resolved to press forward. We hear that his Excellency is to-day at Orvieto, and will reach Viterbo to-morrow; also that he will make a general levy, and give bounty to all who will enlist. His Excellency has written the Governor a very affectionate letter, praying him to exhort all those here who have been soldiers to go in search of honourable service, with money and all they may require. The Governor has circulated copies of this letter throughout the state, and has made proclamation, so that they are embodying many men to join his Excellency. On Saturday, Vincenzo Ubaldino and Pier-Matteo di Thomasello will start from this with a fine and good detachment. I am sorry not to be able to send you a copy of this letter, which it would really have done your heart good to read. You could hardly believe how much vexation this misfortune to Rome has caused here; and when people of station discuss it, as they often do, I assure you I have seen them weep as freely as if it were their own. All that I have related I tell you just as I heard it from others. I would I were speaking untruths, and that it were all false; but I shall say no more. The Lady Madonna Emilia sends you hearty commendations, and reminds you not to give yourself such airs as to forget her. From Urbino, the 20th May, 1527. Entirely your brother,

SCIPIONE ARRIS....

III. _Letter from Mercurino da Gattinara, Commissary of the Imperial Army during the sack of Rome, wherein he informs the Emperor of the entrance into that city, of the slaughter and havock inflicted, and of the arrangement made through him with Clement VII., and how during four successive days he repaired to the Castle of St. Angelo to negotiate with the Pope and thirteen cardinals there inclosed._[254]

[Footnote 254: Vat. Ottob. MSS. No. 2607.]

Most sacred Cæsar,

I have this written in Italian by another hand, being unable to do so with my own in consequence of meeting with an accident, as I shall presently explain. I have to inform your Majesty that Monsieur di Borbone, being near Florence and Siena with his army, and understanding that the former of these cities was well fortified, and contained the forces of the League ready to defend it, rendering a siege impossible, or at all events so protracted as to endanger your Majesty's troops from want of provisions and other stores, whilst the lack of pay risked their disbanding and losing all;--aware, on the other hand, that Rome had been disarmed, and that to seize and bring it and the Pontiff to great straits was to gain everything, or at all events would prove a measure so useful and advantageous as to content your Majesty;--it appeared to him better to abandon his designs upon Florence, and, advancing by forced marches, to beleaguer Rome, thereby anticipating the army of the League, and preventing them from succouring it, for which purpose he determined to leave his artillery in Siena. Accordingly, when this was decided, the confederates being in Florence, and we thirty miles on this side of it, we advanced with the utmost diligence, doing twenty or four-and-twenty miles a day, which was something quite new for the army, so numerous, so distressed by past fatigues, and by recent and actual hunger.[255] Thus, on Saturday the 4th instant, it was quartered at Isola, seven miles from Rome. M. di Borbone and his officers were astonished that the Pope and cardinals should await the army and the threatened danger, whilst Rome was incapable of defence, without submitting some proposal by envoy or letter, or even answering a despatch sent to his Holiness by M. di Borbone and the Viceroy as to the terms of agreement. Some of your Majesty's good servants suggested that were the army under the walls it was doubtful if they could carry them, from want of artillery, in which event their own destruction would follow; on the other hand, that in case of taking the city it would be sacked, which could be no good service to your Majesty, as its plunder would occasion the army to disperse, the Spaniards and Italians straggling towards Naples, or, should they not break up, they might demand immense arrears of pay, which not being discharged from want of means, everything would fall into confusion. For these reasons they recommended Borbone so to dispose his forces as to keep matters open for arrangement with the Pope. Of this advice he openly approved, desirous of any plan which should provide pay for the army. He, however, declared that he would not abstain from annoying the enemy, nor allow them time to provide for their interests, alleging that the Admiral [Bonnivet] of France, from not having taken Rome when he could, in order to save it from a sack, was unable afterwards to do so, it being defended by the Lord Prospero Colonna: also that, on another occasion, when Monsieur di Chaumont beleaguered Bologna, Fabrizio Colonna threw in succours whilst the French general was treating with Julius II., who thereupon broke off the parley: finally, that it became a pontiff rather to seek a capitulation than to wait until it was demanded of him.

[Footnote 255: As a specimen of the very loose diction even of public despatches in this age, and of the obstacles which a translator has to encounter, we shall render literally the next sentence, or rather half page, sentences not being divided in the original. "And so the fourth day of the present month of May, which was Saturday, the foresaid army made his lodgment at seven miles from Rome, in a place which is called the Isle; Monsieur di Borbone and all the principal persons were filled with much wonder that the Pope and so many cardinals and all Rome, being disarmed, should wait for such an army and great danger, without sending to the said Monsieur di Borbone an ambassador to make some parley, nor letters, or answer to his letters which the said M. di Borbone had formerly written, and the Viceroy, to his Holiness about the affair of the agreement."]

Monsieur di Borbone accordingly decided on approaching the walls, and on Sunday morning the 5th we made a lodgment within [beyond?] St. Peter's palace, hard by the monastery of S. Pancrazio. Yet he did not neglect addressing a letter to the Pontiff on that morning, exhorting him to make a favourable capitulation rather than abide the unpleasant alternative. It was at the same time suggested whether it might not be well for him to repair to his Holiness; but considering that he could not go for want of a safe-conduct, it seemed better for him to remain; he, however, sent the letter by a trumpet, whom the enemy did not allow to pass, the missive remaining in their hands, and we know not whether it reached the Pope; at all events, no answer ever came, which was demanded before half-past seven P.M. of that day, after which it would be no longer possible to restrain the army. For these reasons, as evening approached, it was resolved to get the ladders all prepared for an assault the following morning on the Borgo towards the furnaces, where the wall was considered very weak. And so the assault was given on Monday morning the 6th of May in this year 1527, when by an unlucky chance the Lord di Borbone was hit in the abdomen towards the right thigh, of which wound he presently died. Yet notwithstanding this accident, which was not at once known to the army, the undertaking was carried through, and the Borgo was plundered that morning. The Pope, with most of the cardinals and court, were in the castle, but on hearing what had occurred they hastily retired to the castle of S. Angelo. Meanwhile our soldiery sacked the whole Borgo, and slew most of the people whom they found, taking a few prisoners. The enemy's forces then in the city are supposed not to have exceeded three thousand, unused to arms, so that it was scarcely defended; the dense fog which prevailed during that day was likewise inopportune, preventing them seeing each other; and the struggle did not last in all above two hours. We afterwards learned that the Pope and the citizens, relying upon the assurances of Renzo da Ceri, considered both Rome and the Borgo to be impregnable without artillery, and looked for support from the confederate army.

The Pontiff being thus within the castle, and such of the citizens as were armed having joined their handful of troops for defence of the bridges and of the Transtevere quarter, the Borgo was occupied by a large portion of our army, and its leaders were assembled in council, when there arrived the Portuguese ambassador to say that some Romans, his neighbours, had, with the Pope's sanction, urged him to make terms. The answer given him was that the council would be ready to treat, so soon as the Pope had placed in their hands the Ponte Molle and Transtevere, to which proposal no reply was returned during that day. A brigade of our troops having carried the Transtevere, and possessed themselves of the Ponte Sisto and Sta. Maria, the whole army passed into the city early on that evening of the 6th. As the inhabitants in general relied on its being defended, none of them had fled or removed their property, so that no one of whatever nation, rank, condition, age, or sex escaped becoming prisoners--not even women in the convents. They were treated without distinction according to the caprice of the soldiery; and after being plundered of all their effects most of them were compelled by torture or otherwise to pay ransom. Cardinals Cesarini, della Valle, and di Siena, being imperialists, considered themselves safe, and remained in their houses, whither also there retired Cardinal ..., Fra Giacobatio, and many friends with their women and valuables; but finding no sanctuary there, they had to compound with certain captains and soldiers for security of their persons and property; notwithstanding which, these houses were completely pillaged three or four days afterwards, and they had enough to do to save their lives. Some women who had carried all their earthly possessions to Cardinal Colonna's residence were left with but a single cloak and shift. Cardinals S. Sisto and della Minerva, who stayed at home, are still in the soldiers' power, being too poor to pay their ransom. All the church ornaments are stolen, the sacred utensils thrown about, the relics gone to destruction--for the troops in abstracting their precious receptacles heeded these no more than as many bits of wood: even the shrine of the _sancta sanctorum_ was sacked, although regarded with peculiar reverence. St. Peter's church and the papal palace from top to bottom have been made into stables. I feel confident that your Majesty as a Catholic and most Christian emperor will feel displeasure at these gross outrages and insults to the Catholic religion, the Apostolic See, and the city of Rome. In truth, every one is convinced that all this has happened as a judgment from GOD on the great tyranny and disorders of the papal court; but however this may be, there has been vast destruction, for which no redress can be had but from your Majesty's arm and authority. This army has no head, no divisions, no discipline, no organisation, but every one behaves according to his own fancy. The Lord Prince of Orange and Giovanni di Urbino, with the other leaders, do what they can, but to little purpose; for in entering Rome the lansquenets have conducted themselves like true Lutherans, and the rest like actual.... Most of the troops are enriched by the enormous booty, amounting to many millions of gold. A majority of the Spaniards will, it is supposed, retire to Naples with their spoil.

But to resume our narrative. On the morning after our entry, being Tuesday the 7th, the Pope wrote a letter to our leaders, praying them to send me to his Holiness to hear certain proposals. By their order I went into S. Angelo, where I found thirteen cardinals in great affliction, as was natural in the circumstances. His Holiness in their presence told me, that since fortune, on which he too much relied, had brought him to this pass, he would not think of any resistance, but was content to place his own person and that of the cardinals, and his state, in your Majesty's hands, and that he desired me to mediate with the captains for some favourable arrangement. I did my best to comfort his Holiness and the cardinals, showing them how satisfied they must be that your Majesty never intended to injure either his Holiness or the Apostolic See; but that great blame attached to them, seeing they might, on certain fair conditions and by a sum of money, have prevented our army from approaching so near, which would have averted the destruction of Rome; since, however, GOD had so willed it, that his plan seemed to me good, of placing himself in the hands of your Majesty, as there was no remedy or redress to be looked for but from that quarter. Taking upon me the charge imposed by my office as mediator, I passed several times between the council of war and the Pontiff, and succeeded in the course of four days in concluding a capitulation, which is generally considered reasonable and advantageous to your Majesty's service, as to which I shall only say that your Majesty will judge, after seeing its terms and learning its progress. There arose on our side an obstacle to prevent the execution of this agreement, which was the bad discipline of the Germans, who took a fancy not to quit Rome, nor confirm any truce, until they had received all arrears of pay, amounting, according to their calculation, to 300,000 scudi. But as the Pope could put down but 100,000 scudi, even after selling everything within the castle, of his own valuables and those of the cardinals and prelates, and the church ornaments, the affair could not be brought to a happy issue, so much so that I greatly feared the brutality of these Germans and the blunders of others would have lost all the fruits of our enterprise, especially as the army of the League is supposed not to be more than twenty or twenty-five miles distant, and as some of their detachments have already tried to carry off his Holiness by night. After several days had passed in disputing with the lansquenets, the expedient was adopted of handing them over all the cash produced by the Pontiff--the Prince of Orange and other captains undertaking that they should be paid [the balance] out of the first moneys raised, and Parma and Piacenza being consigned in security. I was obliged to concede to them these conditions, in order to carry through the capitulation, and so secure the benefit of our enterprise, as well as to elude their anxiety to get the Pope and cardinals into their clutches, upon which they were greatly set. And this arrangement is really of such importance that most of your Majesty's servants are willing to undertake any obligation towards these lansquenets, in order to ensure the Pope's and cardinals' safety. There is still some hitch about raising the 100,000 scudi, but we trust means will be found; meanwhile, it has been resolved to throw three hundred infantry into the castle to-morrow, under some leader, to secure it and all in it; and we shall see gradually to get the rest brought about.

In return for my toils, anxieties, and services, I was wounded from an arquebus in S. Angelo on the fourth day, whilst approaching the castle to treat with the Pope. The ball passed through my right arm, which prevents me from writing, but I hope in time to get over it. And notwithstanding this accident befallen me, from no fault of his Holiness, whilst on your Majesty's service and in so righteous a work, I shall endure it all patiently, in the hope that your Majesty will consider my exertions, and the losses sustained by me in limb and estate, and out of your clemency and compassion will not omit some fitting recompence.

After writing the above on the 19th inst., I returned to the castle to conclude the arrangements with the Pope and cardinals, and complete the convention; and in consequence of certain articles being added regarding the entry of our people into S. Angelo, I sought to remodel the treaty. The Lord Vespasiano Colonna, and the Abbot of Nigera accompanied me; and after protracted discussion with the Pontiff regarding the difficulty of raising the 100,000 scudi, we had recourse to certain merchants who, on a guarantee from his Holiness and the cardinals, promised to make up a balance of 20,000 wanted to complete that sum. This point being settled, I insisted on reforming the treaty, and that your Majesty's troops might on that very day take possession of the fortress, as had been agreed on. But his Holiness endeavoured all day to postpone this on various pretexts, and at length, when pressed by us to decide, as we would wait no longer, he replied, "I shall speak frankly; having advices that the confederate army is at hand to relieve me, I desire, meanwhile, that you give me a limited time to await their succours, on the expiry of which I shall perform all the stipulations of the capitulation. Nor is this any unreasonable request, as I shall be satisfied with six days, and as similar conditions are never refused to any fortress about to surrender." I replied to the Pontiff and the cardinals, that your Majesty's army had little apprehension of any such succours, being always victorious; but that his Holiness would do well to consider how your Majesty's captains, on receiving such an answer, would conclude him and the cardinals to have been merely trifling with them to gain time: indeed, I was satisfied that they would consider it a positive rupture, and would suddenly assault the castle, and storm it so furiously that these, or even better terms, would no longer be listened to, leaving no opportunity for repentance or remedy short of the final destruction of the Holy See. On hearing these views, the Pope and cardinals were greatly bewildered, apprehending that they would be realised should they wait for relief, and in this dilemma remained gazing on each other, but asked a quarter of an hour for consultation. Eventually there arose a wrangle among the cardinals, those of the French faction wishing to await succours at all hazards; so the Pontiff excused himself from settling the matter according to his own wish, ever urging a delay of six days. I believe the authors of this opposition to have been Alberto da Carpi, the Datary Orazio Baglione, Gregorio Casale the English ambassador, and such like.

Having retired from the castle with Lord Vespasiano and the Abbot, we related everything to our leaders, whereupon it was decided to open that very night a trench round the fortress, the whole army turning out under arms. It was found no easy matter to muster them, all being idle and intent on pillage; nor would they quit the houses, especially the lansquenets, who at first thought it a mere trick to get them out. At length, after great exertions, the enemy being ascertained but seven miles off, all ran to arms, and your Majesty's army was well disposed for battle: indeed, I suspect the enemy found their calculation disappointed, that most of our soldiery having become rich, would no longer flock to their standards. Some Spanish and German troops are expected; but I know not if they will arrive in time, as the trench is already made, so that neither Pope nor any one else shall escape.

Such is the present state of your Majesty's affairs, and I trust they will ever have successful issue. Yet it is true that, after the death of M. di Borbone, great confusion occurred in the army, as no one knew whom to acknowledge as its chief. I think that had he lived, Rome would, perhaps, not have been sacked, and matters might have taken a better course and result for your Majesty's interests. Yet GOD so willed it, and we need not talk of what cannot now be helped. But my affectionate duty to your Majesty requires me to report certain things requiring from your Majesty the oversight of a captain-general; of the individual I say nothing, not wishing presumptuously to name any one. On M. di Borbone's death, the day we entered Rome, the captains and counsellors in the army discussed giving its command to the Viceroy of Naples, then at Siena. The Prince of Orange remarked that he had acknowledged the authority of di Borbone, but would not submit to the Viceroy. It being suggested by some that the Duke of Ferrara was coming as your Majesty's captain-general, the Prince replied, that on his arrival, he would acknowledge him, but that meanwhile, no one being commissioned by your Majesty, he neither would set himself up as captain, nor at all permit others to be so without your Majesty's command. These words he addressed to Giovanni d'Urbino, who then, and on subsequent occasions, modestly remarked that he was content to acknowledge the Prince, with other complimentary phrases. Now the Prince has taken the notion of being himself captain-general, and thus affairs are conducted in his name, not, however, with that title, but as the first person in the army, being much liked by the Germans. Your Majesty will do as seems best.

One thing requires your Majesty's careful consideration, namely, how this city of Rome is to be governed, and whether or not anything of the Apostolic See is to be retained. I shall not conceal the opinion of some that it should not be entirely abolished; for if that See were transported elsewhere, it seems certain that it will be utterly ruined, seeing that, in that case, the King of France will set up a patriarch in his realm, refusing obedience to the Apostolic See, the English and Spanish Sovereigns doing the like. But this should be seen to without delay, otherwise the professional men and notaries will all be gone, and Rome will be quite reduced, as they will lose both their appointments and their practice. The Pope and those cardinals with him, told me that your Majesty should make provision for this, otherwise all would be lost. Your Majesty will act in this for the best.

There are three other points to which it is necessary that your Majesty should attend by anticipation. One is, what would your Majesty wish done, should his Holiness and those cardinals go to Naples as has been proposed; ought they to be taken to Spain or not? Another is, what if the Pope should escape from the castle by aid of the enemy? In the third place, should it come to an assault and the Pontiff unluckily fall? It is my belief, however, that, on expiry of the six days which he has demanded, and which are already running, he, on finding no efficient succour, will again come to parley and propose a capitulation. Yet I have my misgivings lest your Majesty's interests should be crossed by the fury of the lansquenets, who declare they must get hold of him. But your Majesty's faithful servants will not cease to consider how these interests can be promoted; and now that the Lord Marquis del Vasto, the Lord Don Ugo, with Marcone, are coming, perhaps their advice will put things into better train.

I have resolved to discharge my duty by informing your Majesty of these occurrences, but would to God I could have despatched a courier to your Majesty daily as they proceeded. Four days ago the Cardinal and others of the Colonna were not in the neighbourhood, but he is since arrived, with Lords Vespasiano and Ascanio, who do their best in your Majesty's behalf.

The above I have retained until the 24th of May, and as no courier is gone, I shall here note what has since happened. Your Majesty must know that on the Pope declining to accept the capitulation which I have mentioned above, your Majesty's captains and counsellors began diligently to surround the castle with trenches, &c., &c.

APPENDIX III

(Page 22)

THE DUKE OF URBINO'S JUSTIFICATION, 1527.[256]

[Footnote 256: Sanuto Diarii, xlv. 352.]

We print this document with hesitation, and solely from its being the Duke's own and formal defence against very serious charges; which, however, it leaves untouched. It is a futile attempt to evade these by feeble and puling recrimination; to distract attention from their true merits by circumlocutions and reiterations, which our version has somewhat condensed. The original is one unbroken sentence, rudely constructed, apparently of purpose to mystify the reader.

_Letter of the Lord Duke of Urbino, Captain-general to the Signory of Venice, dated under Monteleone, 9th July, 1527._

By your Sublimity's letters to the most illustrious lord Proveditore Pisani, and from my ambassador accredited to you, I have learnt, to my infinite dissatisfaction and surprise, the suspicions entertained by you lest the illustrious lady Duchess, my consort, and my son should secretly leave Venice, and the doubts of my good faith which you by implication exhibit in denying them permission to quit the city; regarding which it seems necessary first to recapitulate to your Signory what I had formerly charged my resident to explain to you, to this effect. Since, from the very outset of this war, it has generally happened to me not to accomplish my intentions for your service and my own honour, and to be blamed for failures resulting from the occurrence of impossibilities, or from the blunders of others, whilst with mind and body I was exclusively occupied on what might prove advantageous and creditable,--I determined, for these and other considerations which, out of modesty, I omit, seeing the bad success with which I had, on this occasion, borne arms, to yield to my evil fortune on the expiry of my engagement; which I considered to be clearly ended at the close of three years; nor again to expose my honour to question, from no fault of mine. And, on this account, I have all along and often said I would not continue, which may be attested by all the commissioners employed by your Serenity in this war, to whom, as to many others you are accustomed to credit, I repeatedly stated this. Passing over for the present the good reasons, already well known to your Sublimity, which induced me to forget all this, and treat of a re-engagement, with the disposition to remain on,--as well as those considerations which, renewing the first impressions, made me again deliberately fall back upon my project, yet with the full intention not to abandon the cause of your Sublimity, unless the expected succours should arrive, or until I had placed it in safety, even should this necessitate my staying long after the conclusion of my service; thinking also that, I having no opposite interest, the enemy ought to let me rest in my intention, and in a firm resolution neither to take up arms, nor otherwise act against your Sublimity and your interests; nevertheless, considering that, were I to quit you at the close of three years, from all these and numerous other reasons, which might probably occasion me annoyance, I might be exposed to the surmise of having acted, not from such motives, but that, on observing the success of the other side, I wished, by attaching myself to a prosperous cause, to evade adversity; and my chief object ever being to preserve my honour intact, not only from stain, but even from suspicion;--on these accounts, and from the difficulty that arose as to finding myself at freedom in regard to the two years of _beneplacito_,[257] I decided to serve, in order not to expose my honour to any reflection. Yet, in addition to all that passed in private between the Proveditore and myself, when I told him I would and should serve your Sublimity without further demands, and that he might freely dispose of me, I, even in the public council, stated my views as to maintaining these bands, and constituting them the mainspring of the war. For the whole of which considerations, I declared that I would serve your Sublimity, without regard to life or anything else, as I have uniformly done, in order more fully to satisfy all the Lords of Council that what I proposed I was, and more than ever am, anxious to do, in conjunction with them. And if the dates of letters be examined, it will be distinctly seen that each of these circumstances occurred much before I had heard, or could have heard, a word as to any doubt or distrust of me being exhibited, which, in my opinion, ought not to be, even were I to take my leave. Thus I had no apprehension; yet, as my intention of so acting was founded on what might fairly be done, I did not suppose that by your Sublimity it would have been not only opposed, but even gainsaid, in restoring to me my son when I should ask him of you, as I meant to do. In such case you might well consider that, even had I any intention to fail you,--a thing you could not and ought not to suppose from my former life,--you would have known how to adopt, and would have adopted, measures suitable to such intentions, and not so frequently have said and reiterated, chiefly to the agents of your Sublimity, that you wished me to be gone; and this after I had voluntarily given into your hands my lady consort and my son, when there was, and could be, no obligation to do so beyond the suggestions of my thorough sincerity. And, with a view to establish this, I lately offered you three proposals,--first, my person, which is here at your Sublimity's disposal in your service; second, my son, who is now in your hands; third, my state, with its fortresses, which I willingly would offer your Sublimity, to be kept, along with myself, in your service and disposal, as full guarantee and security; although I know not what better satisfaction you can require besides my free action, whereby I so long and often have manifested my disposition. And most clear, in my opinion, are the many reasons which freely induced me; all of which, and more too, were they not already so known, I am prepared to maintain in case of need. Hence my modesty, serene Prince, will not, in these circumstances, let me stop to say how great a wrong I suffer; yet to no one, not even to your Sublimity, have I given cause or occasion to depreciate my good faith, which was, is, and ever shall be, most sincere. And, although it be considered impossible that you can do anything without that wisdom which becomes your dignity, I nevertheless have grounds for complaint, and am exceedingly vexed that my ill luck has been so in the ascendant as,--after all the efforts and perils of my life, and the loss of so many followers in your service, for which I have heeded no calamities,--instead of the gratitude which I might reasonably have promised myself from you, to occasion such marked dishonour; so that, ever since my birth, I may say that my life has been passed in ceaseless travails and difficulties. And, if you have thought fit to believe any malicious and spiteful fellow, I ought not to be the victim, though he be an astute and wily foe, who, well aware that I maintained myself to be at liberty, and very often declared myself unwilling to remain, has spread some rumours against me, reckoning that, if in nothing else, he would, at all events, have the satisfaction of circulating that distrust of me which is already apparent, although I ought not on that account to be slandered. I do, therefore, with the greatest possible urgency, beseech you to investigate the truth; and, if I be blameable, to visit me with such punishment as I merit; or, if found innocent, to liberate me, by a suitable public acknowledgment, from the stigma under which I lie. And, commending myself to your favour, I remind you that all these past thoughts of mine arose from no private interest of my own, but from despair at being unable, by no fault of mine, to do what your service and my honour demanded, and at being prevented, by past circumstances, from effecting what I had previously hoped to accomplish, although no exertions of mind or body were wanting on my part. From beneath Monteleone, the 9th of July, 1527.

[Footnote 257: A _condotto_, or military engagement, was usually for so many years certain, and one or two more at the option or _beneplacito_ of parties.]

APPENDIX IV

(Page 27)

SKETCH OF THE NEGOTIATIONS OF CASTIGLIONE AT THE COURT OF MADRID, 1525 TO 1529, COMPILED FROM THE ABBÉ SERASSI'S PREFACE TO VOL. II. OF CASTIGLIONE'S LETTERS, AND CORRECTED FROM AUTHENTIC SOURCES.

On his arrival at Madrid, in March, 1525, Castiglione found the Emperor and his ministers much disposed for peace; but matters soon assumed a totally different aspect, on news of the victory of Pavia, which, by annihilating the army of Francis, and leaving him a prisoner, established the supremacy of Charles, and placed him in a position to dictate terms. This event modified the policy of the Italian princes, and especially that of the Pope, who, naturally irresolute, knew not what part to take, unwilling to abandon his avowed neutrality, yet seeing no security in standing aloof from a power so dominant as that of the Emperor. On the whole, he thought it safest to come to a provisional arrangement with Don Carlos de Lannoy, Viceroy of Naples, giving him 100,000 ducats for payment of his troops, as the price of his aid in recovering for the Church Reggio and Rubbiera, which the Duke of Ferrara had seized on the death of Adrian VI. He at the same time named as his legate to the leading powers of Christendom, for the purpose of concluding a general peace, Cardinal Giovanni Salviati, who proceeded to Madrid to attend the conferences for the liberation of Francis and the security of Italy. In consort with Castiglione, the Legate urged that an envoy should be forthwith despatched to Rome and Venice, in order to remove those suspicions of the Emperor's design to make himself master of the entire Peninsula, which had arisen in consequence of the Marquis of Pescara taking possession of the chief fortresses of the Milanese, and besieging Francesco Sforza in his capital, on a pretext of his plotting with the other princes to drive the Spaniards out of Lombardy, and to deprive them of Naples; it being obvious that once established in these provinces, Charles would be paramount in Italy. As to the liberation of Francis, they could get nothing beyond professions of the utmost moderation, that matter being secretly negotiated by the Viceroy.

The Pontiff, getting no satisfaction on these points, began to lend an ear to a proposed league of France, England, and Venice; but, when on the point of subscribing it, he, to the infinite disgust of his colleagues, postponed his signature on a rumour that the Commendatore Herrera was at Genoa, on his way to offer very acceptable proposals; at length, however, finding that these reports were but opiates to set him asleep, he was induced to join the confederation, notwithstanding entreaties and promises of the imperial ambassador. This league filled Charles with indignation, as he fully understood it to be directed against himself, though masked by a condition sanctioning his adherence to it. But his rage was immoderate on receiving, through Castiglione, a papal brief, which justified the confederacy as necessary for the safety of Italy and the Holy See, and complained generally of the measures of his ministers, specifying various instances wherein they had ill responded to the pacific and affectionate dispositions entertained by his Holiness towards their master. Stung to the quick by a despatch which laid bare the secret tricks of their paltry intrigues, they persuaded the Emperor to return a sharp answer, appealing to a general council whatever steps Clement might have recourse to against him, which they represented as likely to endanger his possession of Naples, and even his tenure of the imperial crown. Castiglione, who enjoyed high personal favour, was able by dexterous representations to extract from Charles himself the hope of a milder reply, and meanwhile had from him authority to assure the Pontiff of his friendly intentions, and of his resolution to comport himself as a humble and liege son; and these favourable dispositions were the more readily effected, as he had received from the wavering Pontiff a revocation of the offensive brief the very day after it had been delivered. It was, therefore, with dismay that, when shown the secretary's answer, he found it in the utmost degree bitter and spiteful; and hurrying to the Emperor, he complained of the disrespect thus shown to his Majesty's wishes in an affair of such moment, protesting that he neither could write to his master what his Majesty had already instructed him, without belying the whole negotiation, nor could he, after such treatment, rely upon or report those favourable dispositions which his Majesty had hitherto professed. Charles replied that his real intentions were conformable to his previous professions, although he had been advised by his ministers to write in such terms as might justify and secure himself, in the face of such groundless imputations as had been made in the objectionable brief; adding the most solemn abjurations, that, if his Holiness comported himself peaceably towards all, he should ever continue a good and obedient son. In an autograph letter to the Nuncio, he reiterated this explanation of his answer, with a hope that the Pope would not take offence at its contents, and an assurance that Castiglione would never be belied by him. The document which the diplomatist had the tact thus to obtain, is relied upon by his biographers as a satisfactory negative to the suspicions of Varchi, that he betrayed the Pontiff and the Church, during his vexatious relations with the Spanish court.

Meanwhile, Francis having been released, on terms which he was unable as well as unwilling to execute, and his sons consequently remaining as hostages, the new League proceeded with hostilities against the Imperialists in Lombardy, and took Lodi, whilst their ambassadors still negotiated at Madrid for the Emperor's adherence to their confederation, and for release of the French princes. This farce of armed protocolising was further complicated by various by-plots, and by endless jealousies and misunderstandings among these diplomatists, so that the Spanish ministry found no difficulty in protracting it by a succession of petty cavils, in the hope of some favourable news from the seat of war. Such was the state of matters when the first sack of Rome by Don Ugo da Moncada and the Colonna, in September 1526, reached the imperial court, and along with it the hurried truce imposed upon Clement. Charles, affecting great indignation, immediately sent to the Pope Cesare Fieramosca, his master of horse, to disown the proceedings of Moncada, and to lavish professions for the peace and welfare of Italy, the only effect of which was to lull the facile and nerveless Pontiff into a fatal security, rudely dispelled by the assault of Bourbon on the heights of the Vatican.

APPENDIX V

(Page 140)

ACCOUNT OF THE ARMADA OF THE MOST SERENE DON JOHN OF AUSTRIA, DRAWN UP AT MESSINA THE LAST OF JULY, 1571.[258]

[Footnote 258: Vat. Urb. MSS. 816, fol. 144-5.]

1. SPANISH INFANTRY, INCLUDING THOSE AT CORFU.

Don Gabriel Hig'r of the third of Naples 3000 Of Sicily 1900 Mechil Moncada 1560 Pietro Ciaida 300 Don Giovanni Figarola 280 D. Lopez Figarola 130 Alonzo Ruiz di Carion 144 Francesco Aldana 290 ____ Total 7604

2. ITALIAN INFANTRY.

The Count of Soriano 1650 Tiberio Brancatio 2000 Paolo Sforza 1800 Pietro Villa and Giorgio Moncada 3000 Paolo Golfario 280 Fra Matteo Belhuomo 200 Vincenzo di Bologna 500 ____ Total 9430

3. PRIVATE INDIVIDUALS.

The Lord Prince of Parma 350 The Lord Paolo Giordano 400 The Marquis of Trevico 100 The Marquis of Briense 750 Giulio Gesuoldo 40 Antonio Doria 30 D. Giovanni di Gueriaza 40 Count di Landriano 80 D. Giovanni di Avalos 20 Count di Vicari 40 Cecco da Lofredo 30 The Prior of Hungary 25 ____ Total 1905

Also of knights from Germany and Burgundy on their own costs 150

The captains of adventure, of very fine appearance and very well armed, may amount to above two thousand; say in all 2150

German infantry (no successor to the Count Lodron yet appointed) 4361

[ABSTRACT.]

Italian infantry 9950 Spanish " 7604 Private men-at-arms 1905 Captains of adventure 2150 Germans 4361

Total 25,970

NAVAL FORCE.

33 ships, each carrying from 1500 to 4500, or from 6400 to 7000 souls.

Those carrying 700 remain for the westward.

9 large barks, part of them left for the westward, and partly taken for his Highness' effects and for artificial fireworks.

The division of the great galleys to be taken on or left behind is not yet made, not knowing the amount of duty required, nor the eighty paid by the court.

ARTILLERY.

13 canons of 50 lb. fully supplied. 1 " of 60 " 5 " of 35 " 3 " of 25 " 2 " for stones. 2 colobrines of 16 lb. 14 sagri of 7 " 10 falconets for the great barks. 12 pieces of seven mouths sent by the Grand Duke of Tuscany. __ 62 in all.

AMMUNITION.

7050 iron balls of 50 lb. 3450 " " of 35 " 3250 " " of 25 " 1200 " " for the colobrines. 3644 iron balls for the sagri. 767 stone balls. ______ 19,361 in all. ______

1360 cantars of powder, Neapolitan weight, 100 to each cannon.

1980 cantars of rope for the arquebuses.

1800 cantars of lead.

PROVISIONS.

7000 cantars of biscuit already carried on to Corfu, whereof 1000 lent to the Venetians, and 2000 to the Pope's galleys, leaving 4000 for those of the Marquis Sta. Croce.

26,000 cantars more are returned as in the kingdom of Naples (including the 3000 for the Venetians and his Holiness) under charge of the Marquis of Terranuova, who is to ship 19,000 for the supply of the armament during four months.

3500 pipes [_botte_] of wine in the ships at Corfu.

2500 " to be shipped for the Levant by the Marquis of Terranuova.

7400 cantars of salt-meat in the ships at Corfu will be divided at Messina.

1050 cantars for the westward squadron.

8000 " of Sardinian cheese at Corfu.

5000 barrels of pickled tunny and anchovies at Corfu for the armament.

1500 cantars of rice } 150 quarters of vetches } for both armaments.

1025 " " ditto remain in Messina.

600 casks of vinegar.

3570 baskets of oil, Neapolitan measure.

His Highness has resolved that Doria shall accompany his galleys to the Levant, and assist in the transport of stores, under orders to return speedily with twelve galleys; and has made him Proveditore of the western squadron, consisting of forty galleys and other vessels.

APPENDIX VI

(Page 167)

INDULGENCE CONCEDED TO THE CORONA OF THE GRAND DUKE OF TUSCANY BY POPE PIUS V., AND CONFIRMED BY THEIR HOLINESSES URBAN VIII. AND ALEXANDER VII. 1666.

"This Corona is called the Corona of the bowels of our Lord Jesus Christ, and consists of ten Ave Marias and one Pater Noster. Every person possessing this Corona shall obtain the remission of all his sins and plenary indulgence.

"Each time that he shall take it up in full faith, and look upon it, saying, 'Lord Jesus Christ, I pray thee by the merit of thy most holy Passion, have mercy on my soul and my weighty sins,' he shall obtain remission thereof; and whoever daily looks upon it and kisses it, for the merit of the most holy Passion, shall receive as above.

"Further, each time that he shall say this, he shall liberate a soul from purgatory, and saying it a thousand times, a thousand souls shall be liberated through the privilege of this Corona; and whoever shall look upon it by the merits of our Lord's Passion, or shall touch it in full faith, shall obtain plenary indulgence and remission as above.

"And further, any ecclesiastic wearing it whilst he says the holy mass shall have the like plenary indulgence and remission, and those hearing the mass shall gain forty days' indulgence.

"Power is given to the Grand Duke to dispense seven Coronas to as many persons, from time to time for ever, warning them that they must ask them in the name of God and through the merits of His most sacred Passion; and these should be delivered gratis."

[From a contemporary copy in Bibl. Cassinatensis, x. iv. 39, p. 369.]

APPENDIX VII

(Page 210)

MONUMENTAL INSCRIPTIONS OF THE DUCAL FAMILY OF URBINO.

We have here collected the various inscriptions in memory of the sovereigns of Urbino and their consorts, so far as these have come to our knowledge. Several are taken from Giunta, Abozzamento della Città di Urbino, a MS. in the Albani Library at Rome; or from Lazzari, _Dizionario dei Pittori di Urbino_, where not unfrequent errors occur: others from the originals.

I. COUNT GUIDANTONIO.

On a pavement tombstone in the old church of S. Donato, close to the Zoccolantine Monastery near Urbino, is a sculptured effigy in the Franciscan habit, with the following doggerel, in some parts illegible:--

"Ploret in Hesperia tellus! plorate Latini! Guido Comes, moriens hoc requiescit humo. Non fuit a coelo princeps clementior alter; Prævalidas urbes rexit et ipse potens. Non fuit in terris unquam qui sanctior heros Cappam Francisci posset habere sacri; Quem dabit eternis probitas venerabilis ævo Mors animam coelo reddidit alma suo. Vos igitur superi socio gaudete superno, Et Divum servet curia sacra Ducem: Mille quadringentis domini currentibus annis Quadraginta tribus, Februarii vigesima prima."

II. DUKE ODDANTONIO.

Quoted by Lazzari from a broken statue in the palace, which had been inscribed during his life:--

"Serenissimo Oddantonio, principi præclaro, Urbini Duci primo, qui vetusti generis splendore propriâque virtute insignis, ducali diademate a santissimo Eugenio IV. recto fuit judicio decoratus."

III. DUKE FEDERIGO.

On his statue in the palace by Girolamo Campagna of Verona.

"Federigo Urbini Duci optimo, S.R. ecclesiæ Vexillifero, foederatorum principum ac aliorum exercitum imperatori, expugnatori, præliorum omnium victori, propagatæ ditionis ædificiis, et militaris virtutis literis exornatori, populis insigni prudentia, pietate, pace, justitiaque servatis, de Italia benemerenti, Franciscus Maria Dux, abnepos, faciendum curavit."

IV.

On his monument in the Zoccolantine Church of S. Bernardino, near Urbino:--

"D.O.M. Federigo Montefeltrio Urbini Duci II., Sanctæ Romanæ Ecclesiæ vexillifero, Italici foederis aliorumque exercituum imperatori, præliorum passim victori nunquam victo, ditionis et bonarum artium propugnatori, celebris bibliothecæ et insignium ædificiorum, tum ad magnificentiam tum ad pietatem structori, quem licet aliis preferas, nescias tamen belli an pacis gloria seipsum superavit. Obiit ann. dom. MCCCCLXXXII. suo. LXV."

V. DUKE GUIDOBALDO I.

On his monument in the same church:--

"Guidobaldo Federici filio, Urbini Duci III., qui adhuc impubes, paternam gloriam emulans, imperia viriliter foeliciterque gessit, juvenis de adversâ triumphans fortunâ, sed vi morbi corpore debilior animo vegetior, pro armis literas, pro militibus viros selectissimos, pro re bellica rem aulicam ita coluit, fovit, auxit, ut ejus aula ceteris præclarissimum extet exemplar. Obiit an. Dom. MDVIII., suo XXXVI. Et Elizabethæ Gonzagæ, miræ pudicitiæ feminæ, ipsi jugali amore et egregia virtute conjunctissima."

VI. DUKE FRANCESCO MARIA I.

From a mural slab in Sta. Chiara at Urbino; written by Bembo.

"Francesco Mariæ Duci, amplissime belli pacisque muneribus perfuncto, dum paternas urbes, per vim ter ablatas, ter per virtutem recipit, et receptis æquissime moderatur; dum a pontificibus, a Florentinis, a Venetis exercitibus præficitur; deinceps et gerendi in Turcas belli, dum princeps et administrator assumitur, sed ante diem sublato, Leonora uxor fidissima et optima meritissimo posuit, et sibi."

VII. DUKE GUIDOBALDO II.

From the same church:--

"D.O.M. Guidus Ubaldus Monfeltrius de Ruvere, Urbini Dux quintus, sanctæ Romanæ ecclesiæ, Philippi Hispaniarum Regis, Venetæque reipublicæ exercituum præfectus et imperator summus, magnanimitate et liberalitate adeo excelluit ut eum regia cum majestate aliis potius profuisse quam præfuisse dixeris. Obit humanum diem sexagenarius, anno Dñi MDLXXIII."

VIII. DUCHESS VITTORIA.

From the same church:--

"Victoria Farnesia Guidi Ubaldi Urbini Ducis V. conjux, maximorum principum filia, soror, amita, parens: annis quidem plena, sed præter, mulierum captum virtutibus plenior, migravit e vita anno Dñi, MDCII."

IX.

On the centre slab of the pavement of S. Ubaldo, at Pesaro, where the two last-mentioned sovereigns were interred.

"Guid. Ub. II. Urb. Ducis V. et Victoriæ uxoris ossa."

X. CARDINAL GIULIO DELLA ROVERE.

From a mural slab in Sta. Chiara, at Urbino.

"Julio Montefeltrio e Ruvere, sanctæ Romanæ ecclesiæ cardinali; Umbriæ bis legatione magna cum laude perfuncto; Urbini, Ravennæ, aliarumque ecclesiarum antistiti; Lauretanæ domûs ac Sancti Francisci ordinum patrono; justitiâ, pietate, beneficentiâ, Principi celeberrimo; mortalitatem explevit nonas Septembris, anno Domini MDLXXVIII., ætatis vero XLIV."

XI. PRINCE FEDERIGO.

Over his tomb in the pavement of the crypt in the cathedral at Urbino.

"D.O.M. In hoc quod Franciscus Maria II., postremus Urbini Dux, sibi paraverat sepulchro, quiescunt ossa Friderici ejus filii immatura morte prærepti, III. Kal. Julii, MDCXXIII., et suæ æt. ann. XVIII."

XII.

From a mural slab in Sta. Chiara, at Urbino.

"Federicum Urbini Principem, in quem Roborea domûs recumbebat, dies fugiens incolumem, cunctisque fortunæ muneribus vidit præfulgentem, eundemque primam intra juventam inopinatâ morte extinctum, dies veniens aspexit, III. Kal. Julii, MDCXXIII. Abi hospes, ac disce felicitatem vere vitream tunc præcipue frangi, cum maxime splendet."

XIII. DUKE FRANCESCO MARIA II.

From the Church of the Crucifixion, near Urbania.

"Inclina Domine aurem tuam ad preces nostras, quibus misericordiam tuam supplices deprecamur, ut animam famuli tui Francisci Mariæ, Urbini Ducis, quam de hoc seculo migrare jussisti in pacis et lucis regione, constituas, et sanctorum tuorum jubeas, esse consortem."

XIV. PRINCESS LAVINIA DELLA ROVERE.

"Laviniæ Feltriæ de Ruvere, Guidobaldi V. Ducis Urb. V. filiæ, Alfonsi de Avalos, Vasti March., Hispani Magnatis conjugi, regiis virtutibus et forma spectabili, Italorum principum Romani Pontificis et Catholici Regis conciliatrici; qui inclyto orbata viro, virginibus claustra, pauperibus bona, Christo seipsum dicavit; demum avitâ major gloriâ victrix, ad eternam evocata pacem, eam sanctimoniæ famam reliquit, ut divinitus datum noscas ultimum Roboris in materno solo arvisque ramum, qui primus gloriosiorque vigebat. Obiit A.D. MDCXXXII., suo LXXV."

APPENDIX VIII

(Page 246)

STATISTICS OF URBINO

It would be interesting could we, in concluding this work, offer some details as to the statistics of Urbino under its native princes. But although, under the genial sun and favouring circumstances of Italy, man has in various ages advanced beyond his fellows in mental culture and social development, the science of maturing the capabilities of his position, and of marking their progression, is of modern growth. The duties of rulers and subjects consisted until lately in defence of the common weal against obvious dangers: the promotion of its general prosperity, and the registration of its gradual ameliorations, were no part either of scientific government, or of individual study. Accordingly, the lights thrown upon statistics, by historians and general writers in the best days of Italian splendour, are too few and flickering to guide us to important facts; and, though we may familiarise ourselves with the Athenian court of Duke Guidobaldo I., its manners and its gossip,--though we may recall from the ample description of many authors the stately decorations of its palaces, the pageantry of its processions, the brilliancy of its revels,--we are left in total ignorance of the internal state of the country, of its resources and industry, of the numbers and the condition of its inhabitants, of the financial position of its government. It is not till late in the sixteenth century that we meet with some materials, which,--though meagre and inaccurate, and too often bearing the double impress of carelessness and contradiction,--enable us to form some tangible estimate as to these points.[259] Here, as in most cases, recording the impartial evidence of watchful observers, the Venetian Relazione are of considerable value. Those of Mocenigo and Zane, ambassadors at Urbino in 1570-74, have been already drawn upon in this work, but it is chiefly from the latter that we have gathered the following notices.

[Footnote 259: From a league between Count Antonio, of Urbino, and Barnabo Visconti, of Milan, in 1376 (MSS. Oliveriana, No. 374, vol. I., p. 1), we gather an isolated notice. Free import from the territory of Urbino into Florence was stipulated for all sorts of grain, fruit, and vegetables, the customary duties being paid upon wheat, oats, and barley.]

About the middle of the sixteenth century the revenues of the duchy did not exceed 40,000 scudi, and by the terms of its investiture the imposts could not be raised without papal sanction. This restriction having been removed upon the marriage of Duke Guidobaldo II.'s daughter to the nephew of Pius IV., that prince promptly availed himself of his new prerogative, augmenting them gradually to about double that amount. The reductions consequent upon the Urbino insurrection brought down the state revenues to about 60,000 scudi, and in 1570 Mocenigo estimates the whole income, including the allodial estates, at 100,000 scudi, adding an opinion that it was capable of being much increased. Of the 60,000 scudi, one-sixth part was derived from the salt, and two-sixths from licences granted for the export of corn [_tratte_], the remaining half being drawn from small taxes upon the townships, to which the rural population do not appear to have directly contributed. The corn-trade was carried on coastwise from Sinigaglia, amounting in ordinary years to about 150,000 _staji_ or bushels of wheat, partly smuggled from the papal territory, which chiefly went to supply Venice and its dependencies. The palpable inadequacy of these resources was eked out by pay and allowances drawn by the last dukes from the Venetian Republic, the Church, or the King of Spain. The _cense_ or annual payment to the Camera Apostolica under the investiture is variously stated at from 2190 to 2907 scudi, falling due on St. Peter's day.

With these Venetian Relazioni, a document of much apparent interest has been printed in the _Archivio Storico_, under the title of "Balance of income and expenditure in the state of Urbino."[260] On nearer inspection, however, its value falls far short of its promise, for the entries are so confused, and the arithmetical summations so incorrect, as to destroy nearly all confidence either in the details or the general results. Still it seems to have established a few facts throwing light upon the resources of the duchy in the last years of the sixteenth century.

[Footnote 260: Series II., vol. II., p. 337, from a MS. in the Siena Library, K. iii. 58: it is dated 1579, but contains posterior entries.]

The revenues may be thus classified:--1. Those of twelve towns, five smaller places, and the province of Montefeltro, derived from various taxes,[261] duties on butcher-meat, salt, wine, straw, weighhouse duties on grain and other provisions, and on merchandise, passenger toll at Pesaro, rents of houses and inns, tax on the Jews (producing 953 scudi), and a variety of minor imposts varying in different places. The customs of Pesaro yielded 1226 sc.; those of Sinigaglia 160, besides 436 for pot dues, and 6000 for grain and vegetables shipped for exportation. 2. Income from manufactures[262] in various towns, stated at 5712 sc. 3. The salt duties, or perhaps monopoly, 5407 sc. 4. Revenue from mills, payable in wheat (_grano_) at 4 sc. a _soma_, 5832 sc. 5. Value of barley and oats (_spelta_) contributed by various communities, 1020 sc. 6. Mountain rents, 610 sc. 7. Donatives paid in wine, wood, and straw, to the value of 630 sc. 8. Produce of allodial lands, in wheat, oats, barley, beans, lupines, peas, vetches, buckwheat, flour, hay, straw, hemp, lint, wine, walnuts, wool, cheese, pigeons, and waterfowl, to the gross amount of 7321 sc. The return of expenditure is too vague and confused to be of any use, but it contains provisions to the Duchess, amounting to about 7000 sc. From these returns the Venetian estimates would appear to be understated, and a contemporary writer, whose anonymous Reports upon the Italian principalities issued from the Elzivir press, sets down its revenues in 1610 at above 200,000 scudi, of which 8000 were paid as cess to the Camera Apostolica. The imposts were considered light, for the soil was in many parts productive, and grain was exported largely from it and the adjoining Marca, at the port of Sinigaglia. The Duke's treasure in S. Leo is reckoned at 2,000,000 of scudi, a palpable error for 200,000. In 1024, the _Mercurius Gallicus_ estimates the revenues of the duchy at 300,000 scudi, besides allodial lands, and estates in Naples amounting to 50,000 more.

[Footnote 261: The word used is _colte_, which might mean crops.]

[Footnote 262: _Fabbriche_ might mean only shops.]

In regard to population, the estimate of Zane is 150,000, the majority of whom devoted themselves to agriculture and arms, commercial industry being almost unknown. He calculates the military force at 10,000 men, half of them being trained, and about three-fourths ready for foreign service; and he dwells upon the benefit which his Republic might derive from conciliating a state whence such a force could on any exigency be quickly obtained, without the necessity of seeking free passage from any other power. The report of 1610, which evidently verges upon exaggeration, gives the fighting men at 20,000, nearly all infantry. In 1591, as we learn from an original MS.,[263] the military force of the duchy amounted to 13,313 men, of whom 8300 carried arquebuses, and 3783 wore morions. From the same authority is taken the following tabular view of the whole population, classed under townships, and amounting in 1598 to 115,121 souls.

[Footnote 263: Vat. Urb. MSS., No. 935.]

List of mouths in all the places of the state, drawn from the Rassegne de' Grani, &c., in 1598[264]:--

Urbino 18,335 Pesaro 16,409 Gubbio 18,510 Fossombrone 1,882 Cagli 6,811 Montefeltro 15,090 Sinigaglia 8,535 Massa 9,845 Mondavio 3,738 Pergola 3,254 Mondolfo 1,820 Sta. Costanza 1,504 Orciano 1,234 Barchio 1,479 La Fratta 1,449 Montesecco 1,711 Montebello 395 Castelvecchio 225 Poggio di Berni 507 Fenigli 434 La Tomba 1,953 _______ 115,121

[Footnote 264: _Ibid._]

A report upon Urbino, drawn up for Urban VIII. during the last Duke's life, and preserved in the Albani Library, estimates the men trained to arms at from 8000 to 10,000, but badly officered, and ill-armed or accoutred. Since the Devolution, population had increased, and the last census of the legation, nearly corresponding with the duchy, gave 220,000 souls within an area of 180 square leagues, the city of Urbino containing 7500, besides 4500 in the adjacent district.

In 1574, few or none of the nobility drew from their estates a rental exceeding 3000 scudi, but there were many burgesses owning from 300 to 400 a year. The few merchants were chiefly foreigners. Most of the small towns had been dismantled of their fortifications, only some fifty having them kept in repair, of which about twenty belonged to as many petty feudatories.

A writer soon after the Devolution states the Duke's revenues at 100,000 to 120,000 scudi, including 20,000 of Spanish subsidy, as much of allodial income, and 30,000 from escheats, penalties, and the port duties of Sinigaglia, whence a great grain trade was carried on by the Venetians out of the Marca.[265] Some years after the duchy had lost its independence, although this export was then prohibited by Urban VIII., and notwithstanding the loss of the allodial estates, the Camera drew above 100,000 scudi from direct and fiscal taxation. The militia at that time numbered 8000 infantry and 500 cavalry, besides the garrison of Sinigaglia. The _fattorie_, or allodial farms, yielded to the Duke 14,000 scudi when leased, but afterwards, when administered on his account, they produced 18,000: the income from mills was about 6000; that of S. Leo 10,000, of which above 6000 were spent in maintaining the place.

[Footnote 265: Vat. Ottob. MSS., No. 3135, f. 279.]

Some idea may be formed of the provisions for administering justice from a narrative compiled after the Devolution, but which expressly states the arrangements for this purpose to be the same as adopted by the Dukes.[266] The judges were entitled vicars or captains, podestàs, commissaries, and lieutenants, and were removable at pleasure. The vicars or captains resided in certain small towns, and were notaries, who acted as judges and clerks within their assigned bounds. Their jurisdiction extended to all cases of injury or quarrel, which they were bound to decide according to the respective municipal statutes, or, in absence of such, according to those of Urbino. In civil causes they were limited to a certain amount; above which, recourse was had to the judge of the chief district town. They had no proper criminal jurisdiction, but were bound to report all accidents to the sovereign, who frequently remitted to them to examine into slight delicts; those inferring corporal punishment being sent to a doctor, under whom the vicar acted as clerk. The podestàs were judges-ordinary in all civil and criminal cases within their bounds: and where there was no resident commissary or lieutenant, the public administration and police were intrusted to them; to each of them there was assigned one clerk for criminal cases, called _maleficj_, and named by the Duke, and two for civil causes chosen by the community. The system of appeal from one of these courts to another, being founded upon local reasons, was complicated, and need not be detailed. The court of final resort in civil matters was the Collegiate Rota of Urbino, over which thirteen judges presided, five of whom were necessarily ecclesiastics. They held office for life, and vacancies were filled up by the sovereign from a leet of three voted by the remaining number. They sat twice a week, five being a quorum; and they had also the review of ecclesiastical causes, in which, however, the lay members had only a consultive voice. In certain suits their decision might be brought under review of the sovereign.

[Footnote 266: _Ibid._, f. 277, 321.]

There were likewise three auditors, who had no ordinary jurisdiction, but sat daily in presence of the sovereign as an executive council, to whom all criminal matters were reported by the magistracy. Their salaries after the Devolution were 400 scudi a year. They were also bound to take cognisance of all fiscal affairs, and of all complaints brought before them, and they were charged with the interests of widows and orphans, and generally with all matters voluntarily brought before them by consent of parties. After the Devolution, their salaries were 400 scudi a year; that of the fiscal advocate, 384; and of the secretary of justice, 320. The income of the judges, whom we have already mentioned as located in the towns and villages, varied from half a scudo yearly to 240 scudi, the latter being the pay of the Captain of Urbino. The lower class of these officers were all notaries, but, after allowing for professional gains and fees, such remuneration was disgracefully small, especially as it was paid in the ducal money, which had become depreciated to two-thirds of the currency value in the papal states. The pay of the legate was 1400 scudi, that of the vice-legate 600, besides about 1200 of fees.

APPENDIX IX

(Page 391 note *1)

TWO SONNETS BY PIETRO ARETINO ON TITIAN'S PORTRAITS OF DUKE FRANCESCO MARIA I. AND HIS DUCHESS LEONORA

I.

ON DUKE FRANCESCO MARIA I.

Se il chiaro Apelle con la man dell'arte Esemplò d'Alessandro il volto, e 'l petto, Non finse già di pellegrin subjetto L'alto vigor, che l'anima comparte. Mà Titian, che dal cielo hà maggior parte, Fuor mostra ogni invisible concetto; Però il gran Duca, nel dipinto aspetto, Scuopre le palme entro il suo cuor consparte. Egli hà il terror frà l'uno e l'altro ciglio, L'animo en gl'occhi, e l'alterezza in fronte, Nel crin spatia l'honor, siede il consiglio. Nel busto armato e nelle braccie pronte Arde il valor, che guarda dal periglio Italia sacra, e sua virtudi conte.

II.

ON DUCHESS LEONORA.

L'union de' colori chi lo stile Di Titian distese, esprime fora La concordia che regge in Leonora, E le ministre del spirto gentile. Seco siede modestia in atto humile, Ed honestà che in vesta sua dimora, Vergogna il petto, e 'l crin le vela e honora, L'effigia Amor lo sguardo signorile. Pudicitia, e beltà nemiche eterne Le spatian nel sembiante, e frà le ciglia Il trono delle Gratie si discerne. Prudenza il suo valor guarda, e consiglia Nel bel tacer, l'alte virtudi interne Gli ornan la fronte d'ogni meraviglia.

III.

SONNET BY BERNARDO TASSO, PRAYING TITIAN TO PAINT HIS MISTRESS'S PORTRAIT.

Ben potete con l'ombre, e coi colori, Dotto Pittor rassimigliar al vero Quella beltà, ch'ognor col mio pensiero Via più bella, ping'io fra l'herbe e i fiori: Ma quelle gratie, che i più freddi cori Riscaldano, onde Amor ricco et altero Stende le braccie del suo dolce impero, Opra non è da chiari alti pittori. Se potete ritrar quel viso adorno, Quel girar de' begli occhi honesti e santi, Che ogni rara beltà fà parer vile, Con pace sia d'ogni pittor gentile, E statue e tempii al vostro nome intorno Ergeran lieti i più cortesi amanti.

APPENDIX X

(Page 410)

PETITION TO GUIDOBALDO II. DUKE OF URBINO, BY CERTAIN MAJOLICA-MAKERS IN PESARO

Most illustrious and most excellent Lord Duke,

To your most illustrious Lordship have recourse these devoted petitioners, Mo. Bernardin Gagliardino and Co., Mo. Girolamo Lanfranchi, Mo. Rinaldo and Co., all makers of vases and bottles, citizens and inhabitants of Pesaro; Mo. Piermateo, and Mo. Bartolomeo Pignattari, citizens and indwellers of Pesaro; and all the others who inhabit the county of Pesaro;--setting forth how they find themselves continually, from year's end to year's end, subject to all sorts of burdens and imposts, exacted on real and personal property, and paying it with the sweat of their labour. They greatly complain how it seems to them wrong that strangers of their craft come into this city and district with similar productions, to take bread out of their hand, at all seasons of the year, a thing not allowed to themselves in other countries. For which causes they propose to your most illustrious Lordship the following articles for your signature.

First, that your Lordship would concede to them that no one, stranger or townsman, shall, on any pretext, sell, or export for sale from the city and district, earthen vases of whatever sort, excepting covered pans and oil-pitchers, or other vessels exceeding the size of a _medrio_; declaring always that, at the fair, all may sell any kind of vases, but at no intermediate time, on pain of forfeiture, and a penalty of ten lire of Bologna for each offence, one-half to your illustrious Lordship's chamberlain, one-fourth to the informer, and the rest to the party enforcing it; always excepting figured vases of Urbino, and white ones from Urbino and Faenza.

It is farther desired that no inhabitant, not engaged in this art in the city or district, be permitted to purchase foreign productions for resale, except those imported during the fair; always under the like penalties on contravention hereof.

And, in order to satisfy your Lordship that no inconvenience may arise to the city from this, they bind themselves henceforward to see that it be constantly supplied with such vases as are required, and usually made therein, and especially with figured vases of beautiful and stately character, and this for the customary prices, these being in nowise altered; and, in case of their departing from this, your Excellency shall be free to cancel these articles....

Confirmed and enjoined as asked, but during our pleasure.

Pesaro, 27th April, 1552.

_Passeri_, p. 34.

APPENDIX XI

(Page 411)

LETTER FROM THE ARCHBISHOP OF URBINO TO CARDINAL GIULIO DELLA ROVERE, REGARDING A SERVICE OF MAJOLICA

To the most illustrious and most reverend Lord, my singular Lord and patron, the Lord Cardinal of Urbino in Ravenna.

Most illustrious and most reverend Lord, my singular Lord and patron,

On arriving at Urbino, I ordered of Mo. Horatio [Fontana], _vasaro_, the service [_credenza_] commissioned by your most affectionate and most reverend Lordship, for the most illustrious Monsignore Farnese. And, as there will be so many vases done with grotesques, in addition to the white ones (as per inclosed list), I could not manage it for less than thirty-six scudi, which, if I am not mistaken as to what he gets from others, is very good treatment. All the white pieces will have on the reverse the arms of Farnese in small, and I feel certain that the service will give satisfaction. He promises to deliver it finished in little more than a month, and, as an inducement to serve you well, as I trust he will do, I have, at his request, advanced him some money. If your illustrious Lordship please, let M. Ludovico Perucchi be written to, that he may pay the above-mentioned sum on account of this. As soon as finished, I shall get Horatio to pack it well, in order to go safely, and shall despatch it to Rome in such way as you shall direct. And, having no more to say, I remain humbly kissing your hands, and commending you to our Lord God, that, in his favour, he ever give you all your desires. From Urbino, the 2nd of March, 1567.

Your most illustrious and most reverend Lordship's most humble servant,

YOUR ARCHBISHOP.

_List of white pieces with arms on the reverse._

1 large cistern. 1 large bason, and 1 bottle. 1 barber's bason, and small brush. 6 great, and 12 middling dishes. 6 large and 6 middling comfit dishes. 2 vases for vinegar and oil, 4 salts. 36 dishes, 50 smaller ditto. 50 plates, 24 ditto [_piadene_].

_With Grotesques._

1 large cistern. 1 bason and bottle. 4 cups on raised stands. 1 barber's bason and brush. 2 salts.

APPENDIX XII

COLLECTIONS OF ART MADE BY THE DUKES OF URBINO

The extent and value of the works of arts amassed by a series of sovereigns, who, during nearly two centuries, were continuously patrons of arts in its best days, cannot be uninteresting topics of inquiry, and fall within the scope of these volumes, as an important test of the knowledge and taste of the collectors. The beautiful objects which Castiglione and others include among the attractions of the palace at Urbino have thus acquired an almost classic importance, and to identify them with those now familiar to the travelled amateur were a pleasing result. Much more would it be so could we realise an ingenious theory put forward in the _Quarterly Review_,[267] that, by ascertaining what were the pictures first offered to the enthusiastic gaze of the youthful Raffaele, we might even now trace those early impressions of beauty which, reproduced by his fine genius and taste, have been unanimously adopted as standards of pictorial perfection. This gratifying hope is, however, delusive. To the ravages of two invasions, succeeded, in both instances, by military usurpation, may perhaps be imputed the disappearance of almost every picture which could have existed in the palace previously to 1521, for very few such were found there on the extinction of the ducal house in 1631. In order to throw every possible light upon this matter, I have spared no researches at Urbino, Pesaro, and Florence, and, from a variety of inventories, I have collected the facts which are now to be stated.

[Footnote 267: Vol. LXVI., pp. 3-10.]

The principal sources of this information have been, _First_, a list of "good pictures," brought to Florence, in 1631, from the wardrobe of Urbino. It is in the archives of the Gallery degli Uffizi, at Florence, in the autograph of Pelli, and is obviously the document frequently referred to by him in his Galleria di Firenze. _Second_, a note of the objects of art in the Urbino inheritance, as inventoried by Bastiano Venturi in 1654. This is in a folio volume of inventories, preserved in the wardrobe archives of the Pitti Palace, and includes the succession of Duchess Livia, as well as that of her husband, the last Duke of Urbino. _Third_, selections from a full inventory of the wardrobe of Urbino, dated in 1623, and now No. 386 of the MSS. in the Oliveriana Library at Pesaro. Of these documents, the first is, unquestionably, of most importance as to the identity and value of the objects enumerated; and the last, having been compiled by a person unacquainted with art, cannot be much depended upon.

We may, however, estimate the extent of the collections in the different palaces of Francesco Maria II. from the Venturi inventory, and from another dated in 1623, which is No. 460 of the Oliveriana MSS. In the latter there are enumerated as at Pesaro (besides a series of sixty-two portraits in the gallery, sixty-nine maps, and a hundred and thirty-five plans of cities) eight hundred and forty-three pictures. This large amount includes apparently all the framed engravings, embroideries, and miniatures; and a great proportion were portraits of the ducal family and their connections. The small number which have the painters' names assigned to them renders this, the fullest list, of little interest. In the same palace are mentioned sixty-four pieces in marble, chiefly busts; and in various other palaces and chapels were some other pictures, seemingly of minor importance. The Venturi catalogue enumerates only ninety pictures, seventy miniatures in oil, eleven embroideries, twenty-nine tapestries, eighty bronzes, enamels, and carvings, and fifty-one works in marble and stone. These seem to have been the principal objects reserved out of the inheritance, the remainder having probably been given away or sold at Pesaro and Florence. This selection bears evidence of care and connoisseurship; but that of Pelli having the best pretensions to these qualities, the pictures it names are fully given in the first of the lists here subjoined, ending with No. 50. In the two subsequent ones, from Nos. 51 to 95, are included all other Urbino pictures of any moment which I have been able to glean from the inventories now described, and from other sources. To each picture is added such information regarding its identity as extended inquiry and observation have enabled me to hazard. Imperfect as it is, it will interest those who visit Florence, and may save them from very troublesome and often fruitless inquiries, which occupied me for many weeks.

I. PELLI'S LIST OF THE URBINO PICTURES.

RAFFAELE.

1. MADONNA, CHRIST, AND ST. JOHN BAPTIST, on panel. Pelli in a marginal note states this to be the _Madonna della Seggiola_, although he admits that a different extraction is by some assigned to that masterpiece. No picture thus described appears in the Pesaro inventories; that of Venturi mentions one such, but calls it a copy after Raffaele. The Madonna della Seggiola, now No. 151 of the Pitti Gallery, is said by Passavant to have been in an inventory of the Tribune, dated 1585, of course long antecedent to the Devolution of Urbino.

2. MADONNA, CHRIST, ST. JOHN BAPTIST, AND ANOTHER FIGURE, on panel, large. In the Pesaro inventory, the Christ is said to be in arms; in the Venturi, two pictures are noted of the Madonna, Christ, St. John Baptist, and St. Elizabeth, but both are called copies of Raffaele. No work now in the Florence galleries answers this description.

3. HIS OWN PORTRAIT on panel. It is described but not named by Venturi, and unquestionably is the small picture now among the portraits of painters in the Uffizi, No. 288. (See above, vol. II., p. 223.)

4, 5. JULIUS II., on panel, and THE SAME on paper. Of this famous portrait several repetitions contest the palm of originality. The two best probably are those in the Pitti, No. 79, and in the Tribune, both on panel; the former, perhaps, has the advantage in breadth and mellow colouring, and I have heard the latter ascribed by Italian connoisseurs to a Venetian pencil.[*268] Considering the relationship and intimacy of the Pope with the Dukes of both dynasties, there can be little doubt that they possessed an original likeness, as well as the original cartoon mentioned above. The latter has passed into the Corsini Gallery, at Florence, and is admirable in bold character as well as in preservation. The pricked outlines attest its having been used more than once; and the first painting from it is understood to have been presented by his Holiness to the Church of the Madonna del Popolo, at Rome, a fane greatly favoured by the della Rovere. The Pesaro list includes the cartoon, and Venturi the panel portrait, which, according to the annotator of the last edition of Vasari (Florence, 1838), was that in the Tribune, the head alone of the Pitti one being, in his opinion, by Raffaele, the rest by Giulio Romano. Passavant, however, adjudges the palm of merit and originality to its rival in the Pitti collection, and considers it the Urbino picture.

[Footnote *268: The Pitti portrait is an inferior replica of that in the Tribune of the Uffizi.]

TITIAN.

6, 7. DUKE FRANCESCO MARIA I., and his DUCHESS LEONORA, on canvas. These are justly considered among the choicest portraits of this master, but are painted in very different styles, the Duke being treated with extraordinary freedom, the Duchess in a severe and somewhat hard manner, suited to her stiff matronly air. They ornament the Venetian room at the Uffizi, Nos. 605 and 599, and the former supplies a frontispiece to this volume. Another portrait of him from the same hand is mentioned in Pelli's note. (See above, pp. 48, 58, 371-3.)

8. DUKE GUIDOBALDO [II.] Of this portrait I find no trace, though it is named in the Pesaro list, and may be that described by Venturi as in an antique dress.[*269]

[Footnote *269: Gronau thinks this portrait may be the so-called "Young Englishman" of the Pitti Gallery (No. 92). Cf. GRONAU, _op. cit._]

9. HANNIBAL OF CARTHAGE, on canvas. Mentioned in the Pesaro inventory, but not now known.

10. MADONNA, CHILD, ST. JOHN BAPTIST, AND ST. ANNA, on panel, large. No trace of this picture appears in any inventory, or Florentine gallery.

11. THE NATIVITY, on panel. Not mentioned elsewhere; it or the following may be the picture painted with a moonlight effect, now No. 443, of the Pitti Gallery; or that described by Venturi as "a woman swaddling an infant."[*270]

[Footnote *270: This picture is not by Titian, but by Marco Vecellio.]

12. QUEM GENUIT ADORAVIT, on panel; or the Madonna adoring her Child. This I have nowhere been able to identify. (See the preceding No., and also below, No. 20.)

13. MADONNA DELLA MISERICORDIA, on canvas. The Pesaro list tells us it came from the Imperiale villa, and contained the painter's portrait, with many figures. It is No. 484 of the Pitti collection, where it is assigned to Marco di Tiziano, the cousin and favourite pupil of Titian. Following the usual type, this "Madonna of Mercy" is represented as a gigantic female, whose outstretched arms infold under her ample mantle of compassion, six men, five women, and two children; the eldest of the group is evidently Titian, and the rest are, no doubt, members of the Vecelli family. The picture was probably votive, in commemoration of some signal mercy vouchsafed to his house.

14. THE SAVIOUR, on panel. A half-length figure in profile, perhaps the finished study for some large composition. It is noted in all the inventories, and was carried by the French to Paris, but is now in the Pitti Palace, No. 228.

15. ECCE HOMO, on panel. Also included in all the inventories, and probably the picture No. 330 of the Pitti Gallery, where it is called in the manner of Sebastian del Piombo.[*271]

[Footnote *271: This picture no longer hangs in the Pitti Gallery.]

16. MAGDALEN, on panel. This is now No. 67 in the Pitti collection; a half-length, half-nude penitent, with variations from the frequent repetitions of the same subject by this master; her eye, no longer tearful, is upraised with an expression of joyful hope: the penitent is at peace. (See above, p. 375.)

17. JUDITH, on canvas. In the Pesaro inventory it is described as on panel, and both there and in Pelli's note it is ascribed to Titian _or_ Palma Vecchio, whilst Venturi assigns it to Pordenone. It is now in the Venetian room of the Uffizi, with the name of Pordenone, and is on panel.[*272]

[Footnote *272: No. 619, Uffizi, I suppose. It is by Palma Vecchio.]

18. NAKED WOMAN LYING, large, life-size, on canvas. All who have visited the Tribune of the Uffizi Gallery are acquainted with two companion full-length pictures of nude females, which are conspicuous among its treasures of art. Both are called Venus; but though one has the unquestionable accompaniment of a Cupid, with a landscape behind, the other contains no attribute of the amorous goddess, but is the portrait of a lovely woman laid uncovered on her bed, whilst two attendants in the back part of the room prepare her dress. To the latter, therefore, the above description, which is alike in all the Urbino inventories, must unquestionably apply; and it thus affords us an easy solution of the doubts as to which of the two pictures came from Urbino, originating in the confused and incorrect descriptions of Ridolfi and Vasari. The popular idea is that Titian here portrayed a mistress or favourite of Duke Guidobaldo of Urbino; but Cigognara has adopted the conjecture that in her features may be traced an idealised likeness of his mother Leonora. We must reject an idea so outraging her well-known modesty of demeanour; and upon comparing the sweetly sensual countenance of the naked beauty with the almost stern dignity of that Duchess, as represented in her portrait, No. 7 of this catalogue, the resemblance seems limited to an oval face and auburn complexion. The spaniels which attend on both ladies, introduced in these pictures, though of the same breed, are certainly different animals. Greater probability attaches to a notion that the nude female's features agree with those of the Bella and the Flora of Titian, described in the next number of this list; and as both of these came from Urbino, we may conjecture that all three were painted from some noted beauty of that court. Another supposition, has, however, been adopted by Mrs. Jameson, that the original was Violante Palma, Titian's first love, and a favourite model in his school. The Tribune picture is generally admitted to be the finest of Titian's so-called Venuses, and has been even assigned the same place among paintings as the Medicean Venus holds in sculpture. (See above, p. 374).

19. ANOTHER PORTRAIT OF THE SAME NAKED WOMAN, BUT DRESSED, more than half-length. This is considered to be the attractive picture so universally admired under the name of Titian's BELLA, of the Pitti collection, in which gorgeous costume and rich beauty seem carried to the utmost point. It does not appear in the other Urbino inventories, but in that of Venturi we find a SEASON on canvas by Titian, which I apprehend to be the famed FLORA, now an ornament of the Venetian room at the Uffizi, and stated in the Reale Galleria di Firenze (edition 1817) to have come from Urbino, and to be a half-length, half-nude, portrait of the same model who sat for No. 18 of this catalogue. The title of Queen Cornara of Cyprus sometimes given to the Bella is palpably one of those misnomers so unpardonably common in picture galleries.

20. MADONNA, CHILD, AND TWO ANGELS, Baroccio after Titian. Of this picture an original by Titian on panel is in Venturi's list, as well as a copy of it on canvas. I have not been able to find either; but the original may be that entered at No. 12 of this catalogue.

21. MADONNA, ST. JOHN, AND ST. ELIZABETH, large, on panel, a fine copy. I have not succeeded in tracing the work.

GIORGIONE.

22. PORTRAIT of an armed soldier, supposed to be UGUCCIONE DELLA FAGGIOLA. Not traced.

SEBASTIAN DEL PIOMBO.

23. ST. AGATHA, large, on panel. It appears in all the inventories, and was one of the most important pictures in the Urbino succession. Representing the horrible dismemberment of the martyred saint, the subject is most revolting, but in energy of treatment and power of colouring, it ranks among the chef-d'oeuvres of the master, whose name it bears, with the date, Rome 1520. It now adorns the Pitti Palace, No. 179, after having visited Paris.

PALMA VECCHIO.

24. THE SAVIOUR, on canvas. Not found.

25. THE MADONNA, large on canvas. Not found.

26. ST. FRANCIS, large, on canvas; not found. None of these three pictures appear in the other lists.

THE BASSANI.

27. A SUPPER. This was, doubtless, the Cenacolo, No. 446 in the Pitti Gallery, assigned to Leandro Bassano.

28, 29. THE BUILDING AND ENTERING OF THE ARK. These are, probably, the companion pictures in the corridor of the Uffizi, which seem poor copies, though ascribed to Francesco. Of the latter, representing the Deluge, there is on the same wall a large and fine replica with his name, and a picture of animals entering the ark with the name of Jacopo.

30. COMPOSITION OF FIGURES AND ANIMALS. It is stated by the Pesaro list to have come from the chapel in the lower gardens of that city, and may have been the large picture of the Rich Man and Lazarus, now in the corridor of the Uffizi, where it bears the name of Francesco.

31-34. FOUR PICTURES. As there are fourteen pictures of the Bassani in the Uffizi, and five in the Pitti, besides those noticed above, and several portraits, it would be idle to attempt identifying these four. All these eight works of this family are noted in the Pesaro list, but omitted in Venturi's.

BAROCCIO.

35. PORTRAIT OF S.A.S. This is probably to be read SUA ALTEZZA SERENISSIMA FRANCESCO MARIA II., the last Duke of Urbino, now an ornament of the Tribune. It is a half-length on canvas, in armour richly inlaid in steel and gold, his helmet by his side and a scarf across his shoulder, being, as we learn from the Pesaro list, the uniform in which he returned from his naval expedition; a circumstance which fixes the date in 1572, when the Duke was in his twenty-third, and the painter in his forty-fourth, year. Nothing can surpass the fluid harmony and pellucid colouring of this picture, equally remarkable for breadth and high finish, but the feeble design apparent in the arms renders it impossible to give by the burin a favourable impression of its merit. I have therefore preferred engraving for this work a much less brilliant portrait obtained by me at Pesaro. A repetition of the Tribune picture, less clear but still more charming, graces the select gallery of Baron Camuccini at Rome.

36. VISITATION OF THE MADONNA, on canvas, painted, according to the Pesaro inventory, for the chapel there, on the visit of Pope Clement VIII. in 1598. It has disappeared.

37. MAGDALEN, on canvas. There are two pictures of this subject, and another in the Venturi list, one on panel, one on canvas, the latter of which is described as "the Magdalen in the Wilderness." I have not found either of them; but a Magdalen in devotion with Christ, upon canvas, is noted in the Pesaro inventory, and may probably be the large and fine picture now in the Sala di Baroccio at the Uffizi, known as _Noli me tangere_, in which the Saviour appears to the Magdalen after His resurrection.

38. MADONNA, ST. FRANCIS, AND ST. UBALDO, on canvas, unfinished. No doubt one of the votive pictures commissioned on the birth of Prince Federigo. (See above.) It has disappeared.

39. PORTRAIT OF MAESTRO PROSPERO, a Franciscan monk, half-length, on canvas; called by Venturi a Minim Observantine friar. Not identified.

THE ZUCCARI.

40. PORTRAIT OF DUKE GUIDOBALDI [II.] IN ARMOUR, HIS HAND UPON A DOG'S HEAD. In the Pesaro inventory it is said to be on panel; in that of Venturi it is ascribed to Baroccio. It has disappeared, but a bad copy is preserved in the Albani Palace at Urbino.

41. ST. PETER IN PRISON, large. This picture is engraved at No. 373 of the folio work on the Pitti Gallery, and is said by Vasari to have been painted for Duke Guidobaldo II., by Federigo Zuccaro when about twenty-three years of age. It ranks among his best works; for though the idea is borrowed from Raffaele's fresco, the treatment and the effect of chiaroscuro are original and good. The heavy grated window and the monotonous colouring are however injurious to the work.

42. HEAD OF ST. FRANCIS, on canvas. Lost, unless it be the Vision of the Saint in a wide landscape, on panel, No. 482 of the Pitti Gallery, where it is called anonymous. The Pesaro list describes him as in a landscape, by Federigo Zuccaro.

43. CALUMNY, large, by Federigo, unnoticed in the other inventories, and undiscovered.

MASCHERINO.

44. CHRIST WITH NICODEMUS, NICOLAS, AND TWO ANGELS, on canvas. Of this I can ascertain nothing.

ANONYMOUS.

45. POPE SIXTUS IV., on panel. The Venturi inventory notes a similar anonymous portrait, by Baroccio, and one on panel of a Pope by Titian. This and the following number may be the portraits quoted as Titian's by Vasari.

46. POPE PAUL III., on panel. Perhaps No. 297 in the Pitti Palace, where it is ascribed to Paris Bordone, and of which I have seen several good repetitions. The Venturi inventory contains another panel portrait of an anonymous pope by Titian.

47. DUKE FRANCESCO MARIA I. IN ARMOUR, on canvas. Perhaps a copy of No. 6, above.

48. DUKE GUIDOBALDO, on panel; unknown. Possibly the original of the likeness engraved for this work of Guidobaldo II.

49. A LADY IN A DARK ANTIQUE DRESS, WITH A SHELL IN HER HAND, on canvas. Of this nothing is known.

50. MAGDALEN NEARLY NAKED, on canvas, described in the Pesaro list as reading a book. Not found.

Having now gone through Pelli's note of selected pictures, we shall complete our materials for estimating the Urbino collections, by adding such other works as are mentioned in the Venturi and Pesaro inventories.

II. VENTURI INVENTORY.

RAFFAELE.

51. THE DUKE OF URBINO, A PROFILE IN HALF-ARMOUR, on canvas. This was probably the portrait mentioned by Bembo in a letter, wherein he speaks of it as a much less successful likeness than that of the poet Tibaldeo.

52. MARRIAGE OF THE MADONNA, a copy on canvas, no doubt from the fine picture now in the Brera at Milan, which was painted for the church of S. Francesco, at Città di Castello.

53. LUCREZIA, copy on panel. Of this neither the original nor the copy are known.

TITIAN.

54. MADONNA, CHRIST, ST. JOSEPH, AND ST. ELIZABETH, on panel. Not identified.

55. MADONNA, CHRIST, AND ST. JOHN BAPTIST, on panel. Not identified.

56. PORTRAIT OF A FOREIGN LADY, small, on panel. Not found.

57. PORTRAIT OF A MAN IN AN ANTIQUE DRESS, on panel. Not identified.

58. A MAN ARMED WITH A MORION AND SHIELD, on canvas, _after_ Titian. Not identified.

BAROCCIO.

59. MADONNA WITH CHRIST IN HER ARMS, ST. AUGUSTIN, AND ST. FRANCIS, on canvas. Not found.

60. CHRIST IN A CRADLE, MADONNA, ST. JOHN, AND ST. ELIZABETH, on canvas. Not found.

61. ST. FRANCIS, on panel. Not found.

62. A MAN WITH A CHEMISETTE, on canvas; probably the half-length of Duke Francesco Maria II., with six gold buttons, mentioned in the Pesaro inventory, and of which No. 162 of the Pitti collection seems a finished head study on paper.

63. MARCHESE IPPOLITO DELLA ROVERE, on canvas. Not found.

64. MONSIGNORE GIULIANO DELLA ROVERE, on canvas. Not found.

65. THE SAVIOUR WITH THE GLOBE IN HIS HAND, _after_ Baroccio. Now No. 101 in the Pitti Palace, where it is called _by_ Baroccio. A poor picture.

ANTONIO.

66. A WOMAN IN AN ANTIQUE DRESS, on panel. This may refer to ANTONELLO DI MESSINA. Not found.

67. PETRARCH AND LAURA painted bookwise. This is doubtless a blundering description of the heads of DUKE FEDERIGO and DUCHESS BATTISTA of Urbino, by PIETRO DELLA FRANCESCA, placed like a diptych or book in the same frame. They have been engraved at Volume I., p. 120, of this work, from the originals among the miscellaneous Italian pictures in the Uffizi.

68. A FRANCISCAN FRIAR TEACHING MATHEMATICS TO ANOTHER PERSON, on panel. This is ascribed to Ghirlandajo or Signorelli, but the subject makes it more probably a work of PIETRO DELLA FRANCESCA, court painter to Duke Federigo. I have found no such picture.

GIORGIONE.

69. A DUKE OF URBINO, on canvas. Probably Guidobaldo I., but unfortunately lost.

HOLBEIN.

70. TWO DUKES OF SAXONY, bookwise, small. They are Frederick III. and John I.; now in the German room of the Uffizi, where they are ascribed to Lucas Cranach.

SCARSELLINO.

71. CHRIST RECEIVING ST. PETER, on panel; a small picture. Not found.

72. CHRIST WITH HIS FOOT UPON A SERPENT'S SKIN [_scoglione_], on panel; a small picture. Not found.

THE ZUCCARI.

73. A WOMAN WITH A COCKLE-SHELL IN HER HAND, on canvas. Not found.

74. MADONNA, CHRIST, AND ST. JOHN BAPTIST, on panel, after Jacopo * * * *. Not found.

L'ALEMANO.

75. THE NATIVITY, on panel. Not identified.

V. DANDINI.

76. AURORA, on canvas. Not found.

IL CERRETANI.

77. THE NATIVITY, on canvas. Not found.

78. PORTRAIT OF QUEEN MARY OF FRANCE. This may have been Mary de' Medici by Scipione Gaetani, No. 192 of the Pitti Gallery.

79. VIRTUE EXPELLING THE VICES. Not found.

80-88. Six DUKES OF URBINO and three POPES; all small pictures on canvas.

III. PESARO INVENTORY

RAFFAELE.

89. MADONNA, CHRIST, AND ST. JOSEPH, on panel. Not found in the other inventories, nor in the galleries at Florence.

90. MAGDALEN, on panel; behind it the arms of Duke Francesco Maria II. and his Duchess Lucrezia d'Este. Not elsewhere known.

TITIAN.

91. THE DUCHESS OF CAMERINO IN AN ANTIQUE DRESS, on canvas. Not found.

92. A SOLDIER IN DARK ARMOUR, on canvas. Not found.

BAROCCIO.

93. THE CRUCIFIXION, with the palace of Urbino introduced in the background, on canvas. Not found.

THE ZUCCARI.

94. THE CRUCIFIXION, with a city below, on canvas. Not found.

GIULIO CLOVIO.

95. A MINIATURE, was probably the PIETÀ on vellum, No. 241 of the Pitti collection. A group treated with great breadth, and coloured with much delicacy.

The following pictures, in the Pitti palace, though not in the Urbino inventories, are closely connected with the family della Rovere, and the first of them must have come from thence.

96. PRINCE FEDERIGO, by BAROCCIO, on canvas, No. 55. The babe lies in his cradle swaddled, his dress and coverlet embroidered in flowers and gold; inscription above, FEDERIGO PRIÑ D'URB'O QUANDO NACQUE 1605.

97. VITTORIA DELLA ROVERE GRAND DUCHESS OF TUSCANY, by SUSTERMANS, on canvas, No. 116. She is in the character of the Vestal Tuccia, with a sieve under her arm, full of water; a half-length figure, stout and comely, with a pleasant expression.

98. THE GRAND DUCHESS VITTORIA, HER HUSBAND, AND HER SON COSMO III., by SUSTERMANS, on canvas, No. 231. This picture is called in the catalogue a Holy Family; but though the grouping of the figures appears borrowed from some such composition, there seems no real ground for this alleged impiety. They are half-lengths; the Grand Duchess has a darker complexion, and is somewhat older than in the preceding number.

DENNISTOUN'S LIST

OF

AUTHORITIES FOR THE WORK.

The following List, though by no means containing all the books which have been looked into or consulted (especially numerous periodicals), will afford a general idea of the authorities upon which this work has been founded. The MSS. specially noted are, however, but a small portion of what has been examined, in a variety of Archives, and in the Vatican, Minerva, Angelica, Gerusalemme, S. Lorenzo in Lucina, and Albani libraries at Rome; in those of the Borbonica and S. Angelo in Nilo at Naples; in the Laurentiana, Magliabechiana, Riccardiana, Maruccelli, and Pitti at Florence; in those of the University and S. Salvadore at Bologna; and in the public libraries of Pesaro, Perugia, Rimini, Cesena, Siena, Volterra, and Monte Cassini. In the Oliveriana at Pesaro alone, upwards of one hundred MS. volumes yielded notices of interest. The MSS. in the British Museum have also been freely consulted, and not without fruit.

Affò, Vita di M. Bernardino Baldi 1 vol. 8vo. Agincourt, Histoire de l'Art 6 vols. folio. Alberi, Relazioni Veneti 7 vols. 8vo. Alberti, MSS. di Torquato Tasso 1 vol. folio. Andreozzi, Notizie di Città di Castello 1 vol. 12mo. Antiquitates Picene 10 vols. 4to. Archivio Storico d'Italia 10 vols. 8vo. Ariosto, Opere Complete 5 vols. 8vo. ----, Orlando Furioso, translated by Stewart Rose 3 vols. 8vo. Armanni, Famiglia de' Bentivoglii 1 vol. 8vo. Atanagi Rime Scelte 1 vol. 12mo. Audin, Histoire de Leon X. 1 vol. 12mo.

Baldi, Vita e Fatti di Federigo Duca di Urbino 3 vols. 8vo. ----, ---- Guidobaldo I. Duca di Urbino 2 vols. 8vo. Baldinucci, Notizie de' Professori di Disegno 14 vols. 8vo. Baruffaldi, Vita di Ariosto 1 vol. 8vo. ----, ---- Bernardino Baldi 1 vol. 8vo. Bellori, Vita de' Pittori, Scultori, ed Architetti 1 vol. 4to. Bembo, Opere Diverse 6 vols. folio. Berni, Chronicon Eugubinum Bettinelli, Resorgimento delle Arti in Italia 1 vol. 8vo. Biographie Universelle 80 vols. 8vo. Biondi, Italia Illustrata 1 vol. 8vo. Black's Life of Tasso 2 vols. 4to. Blount, Censura Celebriorum Authorum 1 vol. folio. Boccaccio e Betussi, delle Donne illustri 1 vol. 12mo. Boccalini, Ragguagli di Parnaso 1 vol. 12mo. Bonaparte, Sac di Rome 1 vol. 8vo. Bonfatti, Memorie Istoriche di Ottaviano Nelli 1 vol. 18mo. Borghini, il Riposo 1 vol. 4to. Bossi, Istoria d'Italia 19 vols. 12mo. Bottari, Dialoghi sopra le Arti di Disegno 1 vol. 8vo. ----, Raccolta di Lettere Pittoriche 7 vols. 8vo. Bradford's Correspondence of Charles V. 1 vol. 8vo. Brantôme, Capitains illustres e Dames illustres 3 vols. 12mo. Brown, Rawdon, Ragguagli sulla Vita di Marino Sanuto 3 vols. 8vo. Bruschelli, la Città di Assisi 1 vol. 8vo. Buonaccorsi Diario 1 vol. 4to. Burriel, Vita di Caterina Riario Sforza 3 vols. 4to. Burtin, Traité des Connoissances necessaires aux Amateurs des Tableaux 2 vols. 8vo.

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AUTHORITIES IN MS.

FROM THE URBINO LIBRARY AT THE VATICAN.

No. 1023, f. 23. Federici Urbini Ducis Vita, auct. Johanne Galli; written about 1565, at Città di Castello.

No. 938. Sketch of him by Aloysio Guido da Cagli, in Latin.

No. 1011. His life by Muzio Giustinopoli, more full than the printed edition.

No. 941. Vespasiano, Commentario de' Gesti e Fatti e Detti de Federigo Duca di Urbino: printed in Spicelegium Romanum, i. 94.

No. 980. Epitome Vitæ Rerumque Gestarum Federici Urbini Ducis, auct. Julio Cesare Capaccio Neapolitano, 1636.

No. 303, 699, 1293. Various Latin poems by Federigo Veterani as to Urbino.

No. 928, f. 16. Antichità di S. Leo, da Giulio Volpelli, 1576.

No. 702. Mariæ Philelfi artium et utriusque juris doctoris, equitis aurati et poetæ laureati, ad ill. atque inclyt. Principem Federicum de Monteferetro, Comitem Urbinatem, Martiados, 1464.

No. 804. His vulgar poetry, _passim_.

No. 373, 710, and 709. Porcellii Feltria, and other poems laudatory of Duke Federigo and his house.

No. 373, f. 145. Naldi de Naldi, Volterræ Expugnatio.

No. 743. Panegericon Comitis Federici, per Antonium Rusticum de Florentia, 1472.

No. 1198. Federici Urbini Ducis Epistolæ. There are ninety-three of these, all in Latin.

No. 1233. Odasii, Oratio habita in Funere Ducis Federici.

No. 1236. Oratio habita in Funere Battistæ Urbini Comitissæ; also in No. 1272.

No. 829, f. 551. Ricordi del Duca Federigo.

No. 1323, art. 5. Ricordi di Paolo Maria, Vescovo di Urbino.

No. 904, f. 43. Memorie di quanto si fece nel tempo che il Duca di Valentino prese lo Stato.

No. 1023, fol. 1, 297, &c. Various lives and notices of the della Rovere family by Fra Gratia di Francia.

No. 1682. Sundries as to Julius II.

No. 906. Baldi, Vita di Francesco Maria I. Duca di Urbino, colla Diffesa contra Guicciardini.

No. 1023, f. 255. Baldi Diffesa di lui, and other sundries as to him.

No. 1023, f. 50. Muzio, Vita di lui.

No. 818, f. 444. Il Battesimo del Principe Federigo.

No. 733, fol. 8. 11. Epigrammata in ejus Natalibus.

No. 818, f. 5. Nobiltà della Casa di Montefeltro.

No. 736, 351, 368, and 405. Urbani Urbinatis Familia Feltresca.

No. 992. Cronico di Sinigaglia.

No. 819, f. 335. Ritratto delle Actioni di Francesco Maria I.

No. 489. De Rebus Gestis quæ contigerunt circa ann. 1509.

No. 1037. Memorie Storiche di Francesco Maria I.

No. 921. La Ricuperazione del suo Stato, nel anno 1521.

No. 904. Various Diaries regarding Guidobaldo I.

No. 928, f. 16. Volpelli, Storia di S. Leo.

No. 907, f. 10. Centelli, de Bello Urbinate.

No. 989. Leoni, Francisci Mariæ I. Vita.

No. 924. Philippi Beroaldi, Defensio Francisci Mariæ I.

No. 632. Petrus Burgensis Pictoris, de quinque Corporibus regularibus.

No. 818, f. 560. Vita di Baldassare Castiglione.

No. 1248. Ordine e Offizii della Corre di Urbino.

No. 1677. Il Sacco di Roma.

No. 935, 1232. Documents regarding the Statistics of Urbino.

No. 497-8. P. Virgilii Historia Angliæ.

No. 908. First Sketch of Tasso's Gerusalemme.

No. 816, f. 62. Federigo Zuccari, Ragguaglio del Escuriale.

FROM THE OTTOBONIANA MSS. IN THE VATICAN.

No. 3141, f. 144-193. La Famiglia del Duca Federigo.

No. 1305. Giovanni Sanzi's Rhyming Chronicle of Duke Federigo.

No. 2447, f. 135, 3137, f. 81. Discorsi del Duca di Urbino.

No. 3141. _passim_. La Famiglia del Duca Federigo.

No. 3144, f. 51. Vita del Duca Francesco Maria II.

No. 1941, f. 172. Luttere di lui.

No. 3135, f. 321, 3184, and 3142. Miscellanies regarding Urbino.

No. 2510, f. 201. The Urbino Rebellion in 1572.

No. 3153, f. 90. Filippo Giraldi, Fatti del Duca Francesco Maria I.

No. 3137. Sundries regarding the Camerino Dispute.

No. 2607. Il Sacco di Roma.

No. 2624, 3152. Burchardi Diarium.

No. 2528, 2726, 2206, f. 17, 2441, f. 39. Sundries as to the Borgian Policy.

GENEALOGICAL TABLE

DESCENT OF THE VARANA, as connected with URBINO.

ELISABETTA MALATESTA = RODOLFO VARANA = COSTANZA SMEDUCCI, | Lord of Camerino, | of Sanseverino. | d. 1424. | ____________|______ _|_______________________________________________________________________ | | | | | GENTIL PANDOLFO, slew BERNARDO, GIOVANNI, slain = BARTOLOMEA PIER GENTILE, = ELISABETTA MALATESTA, NICOLINA = BRACCIO DA his two half-brothers, Lord of 1433 by his half| SMEDUCCI, slain 1433, by| of Pesaro, daughter of MONTONE, 1433, and was massacred Camerino, brothers. | of his half | Battista di Montefeltro. of Perugia, by the people in d. 1434. | Sanseverino. brothers. | d. 1424. 1434, with his brother | | Bernardo and six | | nephews. | ________|___________________________________ | | | | RODOLFO, made Lord = CAMILLA D'ESTE. COSTANZA, celebrated 1451. | of Camerino in 1444.| for her beauty and GIOVANNA MALATESTA, = GIULIO CESARE, made Lord | writings, d. 1447. of Rimini, d. 1511. | of Camerino, 1447; strangled | | in 1502 with his nat. son Pirro, ERCOLE, claimed Camerino = FILIPPA DE' | by Michelotto Coreglia. in 1527, but sold his rights | GUARNIERI. ____________________________________|_________________ to the Farnesi, d. 1548. | | | ___________________|______________ | 1497. 1503. | | | VENANZIO, born = MARIA DELLA ROVERE, = GALEAZZO GIOVANNI MARIA, = CATERINA MATTIA, attempted = BATTISTA PIER GENTILE, 1476; strangled| sister of Fran. Maria I., RIARIO Usurper, Duke | CIBÒ of to seize Camerino FARNESE. § 1502, with his | Duke of Urbino. SFORZA, of Camerino, | Massa, in 1534, d. 1551. Existing issue. nat. brother | of Forlì. b. 1481, d. 1527.| d. 1547. Annibale. | ! | | ! | SIGISMONDO, b. 1499, = OTTAVIA COLONNA. ! | assassinated 1522, RIDOLFO, seized | by order of his Camerino in | uncle, Giovanni 1527, but soon | Maria. expelled. | | GIULIA, = GUIDOBALDO II., b. 1523, | Duke of Urbino. d. 1547. | §

INDEX

Abano, mud-baths of, i, 424; iii, 35

Abruzzi, war in the, i, 305, 358

Abstemio, Lorenzo, i, 168

Academy degli Assorditi, i, 228; ii, 112; iii, 255, 256, 284

Academy of St. Luke, iii, 366

Acciaiuolo, Donato, i, 228; ii, 113

Accolti, Bernardo, his success as an improvisatore, ii, 69, 70, 146 -- his devotion for the Duchess of Urbino, ii, 69 note, 70, 77, 367

Acquapendente, ii, 456

Acre, i, 31

Adorni, the, ii, 59

Adria, Bishop of, i, 475

Adrian VI., iii, 448 -- election of, ii, 416 -- death of, ii, 423

Adriano, Cardinal of Corneto, fate of, ii, 391, 392

Ady, C.M., _Milan under the Sforza_, i, 73 note, 80 note, 183 note

Ady, Mrs., ii, 119 note, 323 note -- _Isabella d'Este_, ii, 23 note, 316 note; iii, 51 note

Affò, on Baldi, iii, 266, 271

Agabito, Messer, i, 168

Agatone, iii, 397

Agincourt, iii, 407

Agnello da Rimini, Tomaso, i, 53, 54

Agostini, Ludovico degli, i, 112 note; ii, 211 note; iii, 50

Aiello, iii, 240

Alamanni, Luigi, quoted, i, 5

Albani, Cardinal Annibale, i, 154

Albani Library, Urbino, i, xliv; iii, 271, 452, 467

Albani Palace, Urbino, ii, 233

Albani, Prince, i, 447 note

Albano, see of, ii, 301

Albergato, iii, 332

Alberi, _Relazioni Venete_, i, 395 note

Albert III., i, 311

Alberti, Antonio, ii, 254

Alberti, Calliope, ii, 254

Alberti, Leandro, i, 164

Alberti, Leon Battista, ii, 73 note, 203 -- employed by Sigismondo, i, 193

Alberto da Carpi, iii, 440

Albi, Duke of, i, 289

Alcala, ii, 129

Aldobrandini, Cardinal Pietro, iii, 165

Alexander III., of Scotland, i, xiii

Alexander VI., i, 65, 116; ii, 261, 263, 282, 293, 301 -- mistress of, i, xi -- succession of, i, 314, 318 -- children of, i, 318, 320, 367 -- personal vices of, i, 317 -- character of, i, 319; ii, 19-20 -- his enmity with Ferdinand II., i, 342 -- intrigues of, i, 343-5, 351 -- employs Guidobaldo against the Orsini, i, 344, 358-62 -- ambitious nepotism of, i, 363, 373 -- mourns the Duke of Gandia, i, 366 -- sends Cesare to France, i, 368 -- designs on Urbino, i, 372; ii, 313, 314 -- raises money, i, 386 -- crimes of, ii, 8 -- death of, ii, 15-19 -- and Polydoro Vergilio, ii, 115 -- patron of art, ii, 168, 459, 461 note; iii, 344 -- corresponds with the Sultan _re_ Gem, ii, 294-6

Alexander VII., iii, 242, 243 and note, 456

Alfonso III. of Aragon, i, 323

Alfonso V. of Aragon and I. of Naples, i, 68, 81, 97, 324; iii, 291 -- his designs on Tuscany, i, 97-9 -- accepts Federigo without sponsors, i, 103 -- ratifies Lodi, i, 109 -- death of, i, 113 -- his policy and bequests, i, 115 -- popularity of, i, 123

Alfonso II. of Naples, i, 320 -- succession of, i, 341, 345 -- his measures against Charles VIII., i, 348 -- abdication and death of, i, 351 -- children of, i, 363

Alfonso II., Duke of Ferrara, iii, 331 -- death of, iii, 164 -- imprisons Tasso, iii, 309, 310, 312, 321, 326

Ali, Pacha, Turkish admiral, iii, 140

Alidosii, the, Seigneurs of Imola, i, 18

Alidosio, Francesco, cardinal of Pavia, ii, 323, 326 -- favoured by Julius II., ii, 327 -- thwarts Francesco Maria, ii, 327-9, 331-9 -- further treachery of, ii, 330, 332 -- murder of, ii, 339 -- character of, ii, 341

Alidosio of Imola, Joanna, i, 64

Alippi, ii, 220 note

Allagno, Lucrezia, i, 111

Allegretti, Antonio, iii, 295

Allegretto of Siena, i, 248; ii, 74 note

Alunno, Nicolò, ii, 199

Alva, Duke of, iii, 110

Alvarez di Bassano, iii, 140

Alverado, ii, 393

Alvisi, _Cesare Borgia_, ii, 19 note, 23 note

Amatrice, Vitelli dell', iii, 82

Ambrosian Library at Milan, ii, 63; iii, 77

Ammanati, Bartolomeo, iii, 73, 294, 352, 400

Ammirato, i, 209

Amsterdam, iii, 395 note

Anagni, i, 34

Ancona, i, 17, 18, 177, 262, 379; ii, 395; iii, 246 -- fortified, iii, 263, 366 -- seized by Clement VII., iii, 59

Andrea, Giovanni, i, 408; ii, 317

Andrea da Prato, Gian, beaten by Francesco Maria I., iii, 36

Andrea of Volterra, Fra, iii, 411

Andreoli, Cencio, iii, 415

Andreoli, Cesare di Giuseppe, iii, 380

Andreoli, Giorgio, ii, 261; iii, 414-16

Andreoli, Giovanni, iii, 414

Andreoli, Salimbeni, iii, 414

Andreoni, Padre, iii, 78

Angelico, Fra, ii, 185 note; iii, 338 -- at Assisi, ii, 180 -- style of, ii, 186 -- his piety, ii, 161, 194 -- his frescoes in San Marco, ii, 194, 195 -- work ascribed to, ii, 196 -- his influence on Raffaele, ii, 229, 230 -- in Rome, ii, 288

Angelo, i, 226

Angevine dynasty founded, i, 323

Anghiari, ii, 401 -- battle of, i, 77

Angioletto, ii, 190

Anguillara, i, 179, 331, 359

Anne of Bretagne, i, 373

Anselmi, Professor, i, xii

Anselmi e Mancini, ii, 292 note

Anstis, quoted, i, 224; ii, 462, 468

Antaldi Palace, iii, 231

Antioch, patriarch of, ii, 281

_Antiquities of Rome_, i, xvii

Antoniano, Antonio, iii, 378

Antonello di Messina, iii, 486

Antonetti, _Lucrezia Borgia_, ii, 19 note

Antonio, iii, 486

Antonio, first Lord of Monte Copiolo, i, 25, 36

Antonio, Count of Montefeltro and Urbino, iii, 463 note -- recalled by citizens, i, 36 -- becomes a Guelph, i, 36 -- prosperous reign of, i, 37 -- welcomed in Gubbio and Perugia, i, 37 notes -- his poetry, i, 37, 427 -- his death, i, 37-9 -- his children, i, 39-41 -- tomb of, i, 56

Antonio da Ferrara, work of, ii, 200

Antonio della Leyva, iii, 45

Antonio, Pier, i, 410

Antwerp, iii, 423

Apennines, the, i, 3

Apollonius, iii, 261

Appia, Giovanni di, surprised at Forlì, i, 27

Apulia, i, 278

Aquarone, _Dante in Siena_, i, 6 note

Aquaviva, i, 104

Aquila, i, 133; iii, 39 -- insurrection at, i, 305

Aquina, iii, 291

Aquinas, St. Thomas, i, 230; ii, 218

Aracoeli, Cardinal, iii, 17

Aracoeli, church of, ii, 288

Aragon, dynasty of, i, 68

Archangelo of Siena, ii, 83

Archimedes, iii, 261

Architects, duties of, iii, 265

Arci, fief of, ii, 313; iii, 45

Arcimboldo of Milan, i, 382

Aretino, L'Unico, ii, 146, _see_ Accolti

Aretino, Pietro, ii, 73 note, 131, 244; iii, 94, 102, 124 -- on Accolti, ii, 146 -- "scourge of princes," iii, 287 -- authorities for, iii, 287 note -- career of, iii, 287-9 -- style of, iii, 288 -- epitaph on, iii, 290 -- on Titian, iii, 391-6 -- sonnets of, iii, 470, 471

Arezzo, ii, 69, 201; iii, 287, 400 -- Priors of, their letter to Federigo, i, 228 -- see of, ii, 113 -- siege of, i, 400 -- majolica made at, iii, 406

Argentina, iii, 205

Argoli, Andrea, iii, 208

Arignano, Domenico, i, 318

Ariosto, Ludovico, ii, 80 note; ii, 242; iii, 123 -- on Accolti, ii, 146 -- at Ferrara, ii, 147 -- as envoy, ii, 346 -- bibliography of, iii, 280 note -- patronized by d'Este, iii, 281-3 -- visits Urbino, iii, 281, 284 -- at Rome, iii, 282 -- his _Orlando Furioso_, iii, 282, 285 -- style of, iii, 286 -- on Aretino, iii, 287 -- on Vittoria Colonna, iii, 292 -- compared with Tasso, iii, 329

Aristotle, ii, 105

Armanni, _Stor. della famiglia de' conti Bentivoglio da Gubbio_, i, 22 note -- on Lepanto, iii, 141

Arpino, iii, 45

Arqua, ii, 127; iii, 267, 329

Arrigo, of Cologne, iii, 114 note

Arrivabene, Cardinal, i, 221 note; ii, 463 note

Artillery, introduction of, i, 339

Ascoli, i, 92; ii, 398

Ashburnham, Earl of, i, 447 note

Ashmole, quoted, ii, 469

Asolo, castle of, ii, 127

Aspetti, Tiziano, iii, 400

Assisi, i, 17, 45, 379; iii, 239 -- Republic of, i, 18 -- Count Guido enters Franciscan monastery at, i, 28 -- Church of S. Francesco at, i, 35; ii, 185 -- cradle of art, ii, 179, 180, 184

Assorditi, Academy degli, i, 288; ii, 112; iii, 255, 256, 284

Asti, i, 348, 354 -- Bishop of, iii, 22

Atanagi, Dionigi, ii, 58; iii, 303 -- at Pesaro, iii, 295 -- his poetry, iii, 296

_Athenæum_, iii, 414

Attendoli, the, i, 80 note

Attila, ii, 237

Authorities for this work, Dennistoun's, iii, 490-8

_Autobiography_ of Francesco Maria II., iii, 129 and note, 155, 156

Avalos, the house of, iii, 291

Aversa, iii, 40

Aversi of Anguillera, the, i, 179

Avignon, ii, 96, 297, 301

Avila, bishopric of, ii, 55

Azzolini, ii, 73 note

Babucci, Antonio, iii, 222 and note; iii, 231

Baccano, iii, 26

Bacci, Luigi, iii, 287

Baglioni, the, i, 369; ii, 325 -- Seigneury of, i, 18 -- reinstated, ii, 413

Baglioni, Carlo, ii, 393 -- made lord of Perugia, ii, 395

Baglioni, Gentile, iii, 19 -- his claims on Perugia, ii, 413-16

Baglioni, Gian Paolo of Perugia, i, 380; ii, 393 -- murder of, ii, 5, 11, 406 -- plots of, ii, 25 note -- cedes Perugia, ii, 39 -- seizes Gubbio, ii, 368

Baglioni, Malatesta, ii, 5, 10, 435, 443

Baglioni, Orazio, ii, 412; iii, 5, 19, 440

Bagnacavallo, i, 258

Bagnano, Fabio, iii, 161

Bagnolo, treaty of, i, 304

Bailli of Dijon, i, 384

Bajazet, expels Gem, ii, 293, 294 -- writes to the pope, ii, 295-6

Bajus, see of, ii, 70

Baldelli, Francesco, iii, 378

Baldi, Bernardino, i, xxx, xxxii, 140 note; 177 note; 198, 207 note, 210, 275; ii, 29, 268, 319; iii, 20 and note, 22, 71, 260, 298 -- his _Encomio della Patria_, i, 32 note, 120 note, 155 note -- _Vita e fatti di Federigo_, i, 149 note -- _Vita e fatti di Guidobaldo I._, i, 295 note -- on Count Guido the Elder, i, 32 note -- on Oddantonio Montefeltro, i, 52 -- on the surprise of S. Leo, i, 79 -- on Duke Federigo, i, 127, 128, 148, 283 -- on battle of S. Fabbiano, i, 127 note, 128 -- on the palace at Urbino, i, 162, 174 -- on Sig. Malatesta, i, 191 note -- mistakes of, i, 214 note -- on ceremonial for ducal investiture i, 220 -- on Cesare Gonzaga, ii, 58 -- on Bibbiena, ii, 68 -- Italian patriotism of, ii, 108 -- on Francesco Maria I., ii, 341, 348 note, 399 note, 437, 452; iii, 71 -- on Bourbon's march to Rome, ii, 456 note -- translator of Greek, iii, 259 -- on Comandino, iii, 261 -- education of, iii, 266 -- his epics, iii, 267, 272 -- a linguist, iii, 267, 268, 271 -- enters the Church, iii, 268 -- works of, iii, 268, 271 -- style of, iii, 272 -- his biography of Duke Federigo, iii, 273 -- of Guidobaldo I., ii, 273 -- epitaph of, iii, 274 -- indebted to Muzio, iii, 276

Baldinucci, ii, 265 -- on Oderigi, ii, 188

Balia, i, 262

Ballads, absence of, iii, 279, 280

Ballerini, _Le feste di Gubbio_, i, 23 note

Bandiera, iii, 39

Bandinello, ii, 391; iii, 400

Bandini, Giovanni, iii, 74, 400

Bannatyne Club, i, xvi

Barbara, Archduchess, iii, 314

Barbarigo, Agostino, iii, 140

Barbaro, i, 159

Barberini Library, Rome, i, xxx

Barberini, the, i, 285

Barberini, Cardinal, first legate of Urbino, i, 24

Barberini, Maffeo, _see_ Urban VIII.

Barberini, Cardinal Antonio, iii, 245

Barberini, Cardinal Francesco, iii, 245

Barberini, Prince, ii, 209

Barberini, Prince Taddeo, iii, 245

Barbo, _see_ Paul II.

Barbucci, Dr. Antonio, iii, 222 and note, 231

Barcelona, iii, 132

Barchi, pillage of, i, 139

Baretti, iii, 280 note

Bari, Roberto da, ii, 71

Barletta, ii, 71

Barocci, the, iii, 270 -- clockmakers, iii, 403 note

Baroccio, Ambrogio, i, 158, 171 note; ii, 234; iii, 230, 231, 338, 346, 369, 400, 483, 486, 488 -- portraits of Francesco Maria II. by, iii, 230, 231

Baroccio, Federigo, iii, 352, 357, 364, 365 note, 367, 369 -- early studies of, iii, 370 -- is poisoned, iii, 371 -- paintings of, iii, 371-4 -- style of, iii, 374-7, 379 -- death of, iii, 376

Baroccio, Giovanbattista, iii, 369

Baroccio, Giovanni Maria, iii, 369

Baroccio, Simone, iii, 369, 376

Baroncelli, Bandini, i, 447 note

Barry, style of, ii, 172

Bartholomew, Lord, i, 450

Bartoli, Vincenzo, iii, 130, 411

Bartolo, Taddeo, i, 275; ii, 57 note, 118 note -- at Orvieto, ii, 188

Bartolommeo, Fra, ii, 229, 252; iii, 335

Baruffaldi, iii, 280 note

Basinio, i, 193; ii, 136 note

Basle, Council of, i, 73; ii, 143

Bassano, Alvarez di, iii, 140

Bassano, Francesco, iii, 483

Bassano, Leandro, iii, 483

Basso, Giovanni, ii, 280

Basso, Matteo di, iii, 96 note

Bastardy no blot, i, 63

Bastia, i, 43 note

Bath and Wells, see of, ii, 115

Battaglini, i, 71 note, 75 note, 192 note, 335 note

Battiferri, Antonio Vergilio, ii, 118

Battiferri, Laura, iii, 294

Battista, Countess of Urbino, her wise government, i, 147, 217 -- her household, i, 151 -- prays for a son, i, 207 -- death of, i, 214-16, 219; ii, 136 -- her descent, i, 216 -- her accomplishments, i, 217 -- her marriage, i, 217 -- praised by Pius II., i, 217 -- her character, i, 218 -- portraits of, i, 218, 285, 287; ii, 210; iii, 487

Bayard, Chevalier de, ii, 427

Beaucaire, i, 347

Becchi, Francesco, i, 423

Becci, Gentile de', tutor of Lorenzo the Magnificent, ii, 113 -- characteristics of, ii, 113, 114

Becivenni, Sebastiano, iii, 400

Bede and Gildas, ii, 117

Bedi, Giacomo, ii, 191

Begni, Giulio Cesare, iii, 378

Belgrano, ii, 73 note

Bellanti, Antonio, i, 260

Bellini, Filippo, iii, 378

Bellini, Gentile, ii, 191, 197; iii, 335 -- sonnet on, by Filelfo, ii, 135 -- piety of, ii, 161

Bellini, Giovanni, at Pesaro, ii, 266

Bellori, iii, 372 -- on Baroccio, iii, 374

Bellucci, Gian Giacomo, iii, 77, 352

Bembo, Bernardo, ii, 62

Bembo, Pietro, i, 207 note, 290; ii, 216, 404; iii, 78, 257, 460 -- _De Guido Ubaldo_, i, 295 note -- _Lettere_, i, 311 note -- on Guidobaldo I., i, 51 note; ii, 23, 124-7 -- bishop of Gubbio, i, 172 -- represents Venice in Rome, ii, 38 -- at Ferrara, ii, 62 -- his Asolani, ii, 63 -- at Urbino, ii, 49, 63, 77, 232, 360 -- made cardinal, ii, 64 -- on Federigo Fregoso, ii, 61 -- on Bibbiena, ii, 69 -- on the Duchess Elisabetta, ii, 89 -- his manner, ii, 123-5 -- his works, ii, 124-7 -- on Accolti, ii, 146 -- characteristics of, ii, 154 -- portrait of, ii, 234 -- on Francesco Maria I., ii, 324 -- ill-timed badinage of, ii, 339 note -- sent to Venice, ii, 359 -- fair-weather friend, ii, 367 -- satirised, ii, 368 -- his epitaph on Francesco Maria I., iii, 73 -- on Ariosto, iii, 285 note -- letters of, iii, 349 -- on Titian, iii, 394

Bembo, Torquato, ii, 65

Benedetti, Benedetto, iii, 162, 176

Benedetti, Cesare, iii, 135, 162

Benedict IX., i, 37

Benedict XIII., i, 42

Benedicto, Messer, i, 435

Benevento, i, 363; iii, 69 -- Archbishop of, ii, 282

Bentivogli, the, i, 309 -- the Seigneurs of Bologna, i, 18 -- fly from Bologna, ii, 41

Bentivoglio, Annibale, i, 349, 474 -- Francesca, ii, 53 -- Giovanni, of Bologna, i, 308, 380-1, 407, 412; ii, 10, 53, 315 -- Ippolito, iii, 53 note -- Lucrezia, i, 473-6

Berengarius, King, i, 78

Berenson, ii, 226 note -- _Central Italian Painting_, ii, 185 note -- on della Francesca, ii, 203 note

Bergamo, ii, 460; iii, 77, 298 -- bishopric of, ii, 65

Berlinghieri, i, 227

Bernardino, Fra da Siena, _Prediche Volgari_, ii, 114 note, 153 note

Bernardino, Giovanni, _see_ St. Francis of Assisi

Berni da Gubbio, i, 47 note, 177 note; ii, 115; iii, 286 -- on Ottaviano Ubaldini, i, 50 note -- on Montefeltrian princes, i, 121 -- on battle of S. Fabbiano, i, 127 note, 128 -- on the battle of Cesano, i, 136 note -- mistakes of, i, 203 note -- on Court of Urbino, i, 205 -- on the battle of La Molinella, i, 188 note

Bernini, ii, 223

Beroaldo, Filippo, pleads for Francesco Maria, ii, 126, 337 note, 341-2

Bertinoro, i, 406, 414 note; iii, 165 -- surrender of, ii, 35

Bertucci, Jacoponi, iii, 356, 378

Bessarion, Cardinal, ii, 105, 279

Betussi, i, 122

Biagio, iii, 369

Biagi, Prof., _La vita Italiana_, ii, 73 note, 74 note

Bianchini, i, 155 note -- _Palazzo_, i, 158, 162

Bibbiena, i, 377 -- capture of, i, 370

Bibbiena, Cardinal, i, 174 note; ii, 360, 364 -- life of, ii, 65-9 -- ambition of, ii, 67 -- his _Calandra_ performed, ii, 67, 71, 147-53, 261; iii, 348 -- his _Tirsis_, ii, 121 -- at Urbino, ii, 232 -- and Raffaele, ii, 248 -- averts massacre at Mondolfo, ii, 387 -- meets Francesco Maria I., ii, 398

Bibbiena, Maria, ii, 249

Bibbiena Villa, ii, 240

Biblioteca Cassinatensis, iii, 457

Birsa, passage of the, i, 337

Bisceglia, Alfonso, Duke of, marriage of, i, 363-9 -- strangled, i, 395

Bisignano, iii, 125 -- Prince of, iii, 131

Bismarck, ii, 10 note

Bisticci, Vespasiano da, i, 268 -- authorities for, ii, 118 note

Bizarro, Pietro, i, 204 note

Black, _Life of Tasso_, iii, 334

Blatner, i, 449

Blenheim, ii, 230

Bloomfield, iii, 340

Boccaccio, i, 447 note; ii, 74 note, 102

Boccalaro, Matteo, iii, 421

Boccalini, _Ragguagli di Parnaso_, i, 307 note; iii, 257 -- on Aretino, iii, 289

Boiardo, _Orlando Innamorato_, iii, 286

Bologna, Seigneury of, i, 18; iii, 349 -- reduced by Braccio di Montone, i, 45 -- University of, i, 107; ii, 115, 278; iii, 314 -- papal designs on, i, 196 -- defends Ferrara, i, 259 -- under Bentivogli, i, 381 -- surrenders to Julius II., ii, 41 -- Cesare Gonzaga at, ii, 58 -- Raffaele at, ii, 230 -- expedition against, ii, 304, 316 -- Julius II. at, ii, 331 -- Bentivogli seize, ii, 335-8 -- retaken by Francesco Maria I., ii, 345 -- Leo X. at, ii, 364 -- Titian at, iii, 390 -- majolica made at, iii, 406

Bolognese school of painting, ii, 161, 254; iii, 341

Bolsena, i, 421 -- miracle of, ii, 237

Bona of Savoy, i, 190

Bonarelli, Pietro, Count of Orciano, iii, 150, 151

Bonaventura, the, iii, 90

Bonaventura, Federigo, iii, 277

Bonaventura, Flaminio, iii, 143

Bonazzi, L., _Storia di Perugia_, i, 45

Boncompagno, Giacomo, iii, 81, 125

Bonconvento, i, 245, 423; ii, 114

Bondone, ii, 180

Bonfatti, Signor Luigi, i, xxiv, 172 -- on Nelli, ii, 192 note

Bonfigli, Benedetto, ii, 199

Boni, ii, 179

Boniface VIII., rule of, i, 29 -- feuds with the Colonna, i, 29 -- advised by Count Guido, i, 30 -- his brief concerning Count Guido, i, 33

Boniface IX., invests Count Guidantonio, i, 42

Bonnard, ii, 209 note

Bonnivet, Gouffier de, ii, 423, 427; iii, 435

Bonolli, i, 307 note

Bordone, Paris, iii, 485

Borghese and Banchi, ii, 212 note

Borghese Gallery, ii, 230

Borghese, Messer, i, 250

Borghini, Don Vincenzo, iii, 359, 361

Borghini, _Discorsi Toscani_, i, 49 note

Borgia family, the, i, 316 -- policy of, i, 320 note -- authorities for, ii, 19 note

Borgia, Alfonso Cardinal, _see_ Calixtus III.

Borgia, Angela, i, 372, 400; ii, 314

Borgia, Cesare, i, 320, 351, 359; ii, 280, 283, 317 -- Cardinal Valentino, i, 343 -- murder of his brother, i, 364, 365 -- sent to Naples, i, 368, 369 -- his proposed marriages, i, 369, 375, 376, 409 -- renounces the Cardinalate, i, 373 -- goes to France, i, 373-5, 468-9 -- made Duke Valentino, i, 375 -- crimes of, i, 376, 389, 392, 394; ii, 10 -- his extending ambition, i, 379, 383, 392, 394, 400 -- becomes a condottiere, i, 383-5, 388 -- his insolence, i, 386 -- profusion of, i, 386, 387 -- epigrams upon, i, 386; ii, 31 -- made Duke of Romagna, i, 389 -- his rule, i, 389-92 -- enters Urbino, i, 401-10; ii, 303 -- meets Louis XII., i, 412 -- loses Urbino, i, 414-18 -- regains it by temporizing, i, 418-20 -- his letters, ii, 6 -- intrigues of, ii, 10 note, 33 -- and Machiavelli, ii, 10 and note -- massacres the confederate captains, ii, 3-10 -- invades the Sienese, ii, 11 -- is poisoned, ii, 16, 17, 20 -- wavers after his father's death, ii, 21, 25, 28 -- goes to Naples, ii, 30 -- a prisoner in Spain, ii, 30 -- his death, ii, 31 -- chief conquests of, ii, 22 note -- humbled before Guidobaldo, ii, 33 -- enters Sinigaglia, ii, 300 -- his persecution of Cardinal della Rovere, ii, 301 -- portraits of, i, xi, xii; ii, 459

Borgia, Francesco, Duke of Gandia, i, 320, 363, 364 -- murder of, i, 364, 365 -- character of, i, 366

Borgia, Giovanna, i, 317

Borgia, Giovanni di, legitimation of, i, 367 note

Borgia, Girolama, i, 476

Borgia, Giuffredo, i, 320, 332 -- Prince of Squillace, i, 343 -- marriage of, i, 345

Borgia, Lucrezia, i, 320; ii, 18, 35, 348 -- portrait of, i, xii -- crimes charged against her, i, 320, 365 -- her first marriage, i, 343, 364 note -- her second marriage, i, 344, 345, 364 -- third marriage of, i, 363, 369, 395 -- fourth marriage of, i, 395, 396, 473-83 -- visits Urbino, i, 397, 401 -- her reformed life, i, 397; ii, 63 -- her death, i, 397

Borgia, Pierluigi, i, 116

Borgia, Roderigo, Cardinal, rapid preferment of, i, 317, _see_ Alexander VI.

Borgia, Roderigo, i, 396

Borgia, tower of, ii, 235

Borgo, Pietro del, _see_ della Francesca

Borgoforte, ii, 446 -- battle of, i, 384

Borgo San Sepolchro, i, 260; ii, 204, 399, 467 note; iii, 201

Borgo San Spirito, ii, 444; iii, 8, 10, 14, 353

Borromeo, Cardinal Carlo, iii, 268, 298

Borromeo, Federigo, iii, 125

Boscoli, Pietro Paolo, ii, 82 note

Bosso, Matteo, letter of, i, 203

Bossi, ii, 204 -- _Leo X._, ii, 29

Bottari, ii, 44 note, 214 note, 228 note, 233

Botticelli, Sandro, his Glorification of the Madonna, ii, 158 note -- in Rome, ii, 288

Botticini, his Glorification of the Virgin, ii, 159 note

Bourbon, Charles, Duke of, i, 131; ii, 426, 428 -- career of, ii, 449, 450 -- advances on Siena, ii, 453 -- advances on Rome, ii, 456; iii, 8 note, 9, 434 -- sacks Rome, iii, 3-18 -- at the mercy of his army, iii, 5 note -- atrocities of his army, iii, 8, 14-17 -- strength of his army, iii, 9 -- death of, iii, 11, 12 and note, 429, 436

Bourges, i, 471

Boutcher, Archbishop, i, 456 note

Bozzolo, Marquis of, ii, 372

Bracciano, fief of, i, 331; iii, 21, 360 -- siege of, i, 359 -- lake of, ii, 12

Braccio, Alessandro, i, 174 note

Braccio, Carlo, i, 236, 247 -- his attempt on Perugia, i, 238, 251

Braccio di Montone, i, 72 -- power of, i, 43 note, 44 -- a famous condottiere, i, 44, 51 -- conciliated by Martin V., i, 45

Bracciolini, Poggio, ii, 113 -- inscribes his history to Federigo, i, 213 -- on Duke Federigo, i, 270 -- _Facetiæ_, ii, 154

Bramante, Donato, ii, 243 -- confusion regarding, ii, 259 -- his paintings, ii, 260 -- his architecture, ii, 260 -- employed on St. Peter's, ii, 235, 262, 263, 307 -- his friends, ii, 264

Bramantino of Milan, ii, 259

Branca, Giovanni, ii, 220 note; iii, 354

Branca, Matteo della, iii, 78

Brancaleoni, the, seigneuries of, i, 18, 23; iii, 181 -- lose Castel Durante, i, 23 -- fiefs of, i, 45, 63

Brancaleoni, Alberigo di, i, 77

Brancaleoni, Bartolomeo, i, 46, 63, 64

Brancaleoni, Francesco, i, 39 note

Brancaleoni, Gentile, i, 63, 111

Brancarini, Luc-Antonio, iii, 89

Brandani, Federigo, i, 171 note

Brandani, Pacifica, ii, 57

Brandon, Sir Thomas, ii, 469

Brantôme, _Vies des Hommes Illustres_, i, 468

Brantôme, Sieur de, iii, 31

Brasavolo, physician, iii, 98

Brera Library, i, 227

Brera Gallery, Milan, i, 287; ii, 196, 211, 255; iii, 349

Brescia, ii, 364 -- siege of, i, 74

Bresis, Benedetto di, commended to Siena, ii, 109

Bresse, Comte de, i, 347

Brewer, _Calendar_, ii, 411 note

Brindisi, i, 394

Brisella, reduction of, i, 190

Brisghella, attack on, ii, 325

_British and Foreign Quarterly Review_, i, 29 note, 383 note; ii, 221 note, 246 note, 251; iii, 279 note

Brizio, Gian Battista, i, 413, 417 -- succours S. Leo, ii, 14

Broglio, Gaspare, i, 72 note

Bronzino, Angelo, iii, 124; iii, 350, 351

Brooke, Mr. F.C., i, xliv -- on palace of Gubbio, i, 173 note

Brown, Mr. Rawdon, i, xliv, 347, 361 note; ii, 392 -- _Ragguagli_, i, 397 note -- _Life of Leonardo da Vinci_, ii, 461 note

Bruce, i, xiii

Brunelleschi, ii, 203

Brunetti, Abbé, iii, 165, 332

Brunswick, Duke of, repulsed by Francesco Maria I., iii, 40

Brussels, ii, 233

Bucciardo, Giorgio, ii, 294

Bufardeci, ii, 51 note

Buonaccorsi, ii, 5 note

Buonaparte, Giacomo, iii, 8 note

Buonarroti, Michael Angelo, ii, 23 note, 199, 222; iii, 335, 338, 341, 347, 370, 398 -- his statue of Julius II., ii, 41 note -- his tomb of Giuliano de' Medici, ii, 57 -- tutor of, ii, 114 -- _Pietà_ of, ii, 169 -- on Gentile, ii, 197 -- cartoons of, ii, 235 -- his influence on Raffaele, ii, 243-6 -- his _Judgment_ ii, 288; iii, 344, 383 -- employed by Julius II., ii, 307 -- and Aretino, iii, 289 -- and Vittoria Colonna, iii, 292 -- his tomb of Julius II., iii, 381-6 -- style of, iii, 386-9 -- sonnets of, iii, 389

Buonconte, count and vicar of Urbino, i, 25

Burchard, i, 387 note, i, 395 note; ii, 5 note, 293 note, 464 -- on Vatican obscenities, i, 345 -- on murder of the Duke of Gandia, i, 365

Burckhardt, ii, 74 note -- _The Civilization of the Period of the Renaissance_, i, 235 note; ii, 128 note -- on the continuity of art, ii, 95 note

Burd, _Il Principe_, ii, 22 note

Burgundy, Duke of, ii, 407; iii, 265

Burnet on Barry, ii, 172

Burney MSS., iii, 182 note

Burns, Robert, iii, 340

Bylandt, Comte de, _Atlas de Volcans_, i, 79 note

Byron, _Childe Harold_, i, 391 note -- _Lament of Tasso_, iii, 309 note

Byzantine school of painting, ii, 158, 160, 180, 186; iii, 335

Caen, a Raphael at, ii, 226

Cagli, i, 4, 175, 281, 397, 403, 404; ii, 33; iii, 295, 303, 408 -- Montefeltri supplant Ceccardi in, i, 22, 37 -- palace of, i, 174 -- frescoes at, ii, 190, 223 -- plans of, ii, 213 -- Cappella Artieri, ii, 258

Cagli, Bishop of, ii, 314; iii, 20 and note

Cajazzo, Count of, i, 349

Calabria, Duke of, i, 123, 124, 129, 135, 141, 183 -- in Tuscan campaign, i, 185 -- fights against the Medici, i, 243-51 -- intrigues of, i, 253 -- sent against the French, i, 348 -- abandoned, i, 349

Calais, ii, 355

Calisse, C., _St. d. Diretto Italiano_, i, 6

Calixtus III., i, 113 -- schemes of, i, 116

Calixtus V., i, 204

Calvinism in Italy, iii, 276

Calze, fraternity of the, i, 68; ii, 430; iii, 130

Camaldolese Convent, Urbino, ii, 232

Camaldoli, i, 370

Cambray, League of, ii, 222, 372, 424; iii, 281 -- origin of, ii, 321-3 -- its results, ii, 323 note

Camera della Segnatura, ii, 236-9

Camerino, Pietro Gentile, Lord of, i, 41, 125; ii, 10

Camerino, Seigneury of, i, 18, 379, 400, 411; iii, 38 -- throws off Borgian rule, ii, 24 -- Varana reinstated in, ii, 413 -- disputes as to the succession, iii, 63-8, 89, 92 -- Guidobaldo II., Duke of, iii, 89

Camerlingo, Cardinal, ii, 280

Camilla of Aragon, ii, 356

Camillo, Count of Castel del Isola, ii, 357

Camillo, of Mantua, iii, 351

Campagna, defined, i, xx -- wasted by the Colonna, i, 329

Campagna, Girolamo, iii, 376, 400, 459

Campagnatico, baths of, i, 83

Campana, Cavaliere, ii, 460

Campani, Ferdinand, iii, 414

Campano, Antonio, Bishop of Teramo, i, 216, 230

Campano, G., i, 172 -- on Perugia, i, 43

Campbell, Mr., i, xvi

Campeggi, Lorenzo, Bishop, Governor of Urbino, iii, 222-3

Campori, ii, 220 note; iii, 280 note, 331 note -- _Notizie_ ii, 138 note -- _Vittoria Colonna_, iii, 291 note

Camuccini, Baron, picture gallery of, iii, 230, 374, 483

Camuscia, iii, 19 note

Cancellaria, ii, 282, 286; iii, 17

Canepa, Church of the, Pavia, ii, 260

Canevazzi, iii, 271 note

Canossa, Ludovico da, ii, 47 note, 67, 83, 363, 397 -- authorities for, ii, 70 note -- papal patronage of, ii, 70 -- at Urbino, ii, 78

Canova, i, xi

Cantarini, Simon, iii, 369

Cantiano, i, 404; ii, 213 -- conquered by Count Antonio, i, 37 -- mutiny at, ii, 393-5

Cantù, C., _St. d. Italiani_, i, 6

Caoursin, Guglielmo, ii, 293 note

Capaccio, Cardinal, iii, 421

Capasso, _Il Tasso a Sorrento_, iii, 299 note

Capella di Barbone, iii, 11

Capello, Bernardo, ii, 365; iii, 124 -- on Borgia, i, 411; ii, 459 -- on Julius II., ii, 304 note, 305 -- at Urbino, iii, 294

Capilupi, ii, 84 note

Capitulation of Rome, iii, 23

Capobianco, Giovan Giorgio, iii, 404 note

Capo d'Istria, iii, 275

Caponi, Marchese, ii, 484

Cappelli, iii, 280 note

Capranica, iii, 26

Caprarola, iii, 357

Capretti, Bartolomeo, i, 165

Capua, sack of, i, 394

Capuchins, origin of the, iii, 96 note

Carraci, Annibale, iii, 414

Caracci, Ludovico, ii, 243; iii, 369

Caraccioli, Camillo, i, 399

Caraffa, Giovanni, iii, 109

Caraffa, Monsignor, ii, 16, _see_ Paul IV.

Caravaggi, the, iii, 341

Carbonani, Gentile, iii, 78

Carbonani, Troiano, iii, 78

Carda, la, united to Urbino, i, 51 note, _see_ Ubaldini

Cardona, Raimondo di, ii, 343, 344

Carducci, Giuseppe, iii, 330 note

Carducci, Ludovico, iii, 354

Carew, Thomas, quoted, i, 169

Carey's translation, _see_ Dante

Carlos, Don, son of King Philip II., intimacy with Francesco Maria II., iii, 132 -- imprisonment of, iii, 132, 133 -- death of, iii, 133, 134

Carlotta of Savoy, i, 375

Carmagnuolo, i, 72 note; iii, 35

Carnesecchi, ii, 74 note

Carnevale, Fra, i, 150; ii, 210, 211, 260 -- his portrait of Federigo, i, 287

Carnioia, Bishop of, i, 478

Caro, Annibale, iii, 260, 294, 295 -- as purist, iii, 257

Carpegna, Counts of, i, 25 -- arms of, i, 25 note -- fief of, i, 112

Carpi, i, 290; iii, 165

Cartolari, Gian Francesco, iii, 114 and note

_Cartularium Comitatus_ i, xvi

Cartwright, Julia, _see_ Mrs. Ady

Casa, della, iii, 257

Casa Bertoldy, iii, 366

Casal-Maggiore, ii, 453

Casale, Gregorio, i, 473; ii, 432; iii, 440

Casalecchio, ii, 335

Casalino, iii, 19

Casanova, ii, 73 note; iii, 8 note

Casartole, iii, 49

Casatico, ii, 51

Casaubon, Isaac, iii, 182

Casini-Tordi, iii, 291 note

Cassana, iii, 42

Castel Cavellino, ii, 210

Castel d'Elce, granted to Genga, iii, 352

Castel del Isola del Piano, ii, 357

Castel del Rio, ii, 326, 338

Castel Durante, i, 312, 411 note; ii, 85; iii, 122, 201, 220, 333, 406, 408, 413 -- countship of, i, 23 -- seized by Guidantonio, i, 46 -- palace of, i, 174 -- architect of, ii, 213 -- hunting at, iii, 160 -- description of, iii, 181 -- court at, iii, 204 -- library of, removed to the Sapienza, iii, 244 -- Tasso at, iii, 318 -- now Urbania, iii, 423

Castella, iii, 125

Castel Leo, iii, 239

Castel Leone, iii, 82

Castellesi, Adrian and Vergilio, ii, 115, 116

Castellina, i, 249 -- siege of, i, 104

Castelluccio, i, 133

Castelnuovo, i, 405 -- siege of, i, 262

Castel S. Pietro, ii, 317

Castiglione, Baldassare, i, 48, 290, 311; ii, 50, 81; iii, 78 -- _Il Cortegiano_ i, 161, 170; ii, 44, 55, 76, 77, 119-21; iii, 277 -- _Epistola_, i, 295 note -- on Guidobaldo I., i, 298; ii, 24, 84, 87 -- his device, i, 444 -- at Urbino, ii, 34, 52, 232 -- envoy to London, ii, 34, 52, 233, 355, 468-70 -- authorities for, ii, 51 note -- author of _Tirsis_, ii, 49, 58 -- family of, ii, 50 -- his life, ii, 50-6 -- granted Novillara, ii, 53, 356 -- marriage of, ii, 53 -- ambassador of the Holy See at Madrid, ii, 54; iii, 26-30, 448-51 -- on Gonzaga, ii, 58 note -- on Ottaviano Fregoso, ii, 59 -- on Bibbiena, ii, 68 -- his letter to Henry VIII., ii, 121 -- his letter to his children, ii, 122 -- on the _Calandra_, ii, 148-52 -- friend of Raffaele, ii, 250 -- on Leonora Gonzaga, ii, 316 -- acts for Francesco Maria I., ii, 341, 344, 355 -- diplomacy of, ii, 415, 419

Castiglione, Fra, ii, 210

Castreno, Demetrio, at Urbino, ii, 136

Castriotto, Jacopo Fusto, iii, 77

Catarina of Rossano, ii, 281

Catelani, Fra Bernardo, ii, 264

Caterina, Countess of Urbino, i, 47 -- canzonet to, ii, 143 -- letter to, by Nelli, ii, 192

Cathelan, i, 408

Catherine of Russia, ii, 233

Cattaneo, Federico, ii, 323 note

Cavallino, ii, 379; iii, 336 note

Cavattone, ii, 70 note

Ceccardi, the, supplanted in Cagli by the Montefeltri, i, 22, 37

Cecchetti, ii, 73 note

Cecchi, Domenico di, ii, 191 -- _La Donna Italiana_, ii, 73 note

Cecco, ii, 189

Celano, lake of, i, 44; iii, 26 -- battle of, i, 73

Celestine V. absolves Count Guido, i, 28 -- abdicates, i, 28

Cellani, Padre, ii, 324

Celli, ii, 277; iii, 114 note, 123 note, 142 note

Cellini, Benvenuto, iii, 403 -- shoots the Duke of Bourbon, iii, 11 and note

Cennini, Cennino, ii, 73 note

Cennino, Cardinal, iii, 217

Censorship of books, ii, 20

Centenelli, Cristofero, on Francesco Maria I., iii, 79

Cento, i, 396; ii, 403

Cento Celle, i, 237

Centogatti, Bartolomeo, ii, 215, 265; iii, 260 note

Central Italy defined, i, xxxix -- losses of the Malatesta in, i, 146

Cerasolo, i, 197

Cerri, _Borgia ossia Alessandro VI._, ii, 19 note

Certaldo, siege of, i, 248

Cervantes, _El Buscapié_, ii, 82 note

Cervetri, i, 331

Cervia, ii, 322 -- seized by Venice, i, 381 -- Bishop of, i, 475 -- surrender of, ii, 329

Cervini, Marcello, Bishop of Gubbio, elected Pope, iii, 104, 260

Cesano, battle of, i, 137

Cesare da Faenza, iii, 422

Cesarini, Cardinal, iii, 431, 436

Cesena, i, 18, 48, 180, 348, 381, 392, 405; ii, 23, 337, 412; iii, 349, 352 -- surrender of, ii, 35

Cesenatico, ii, 28

Cette, Bishop of, i, 375

Charlemagne, coronation of, ii, 237 -- donations of, i, 5

Charles of Anjou, i, 26 -- and first of Naples, i, 323

Charles the Bold, ii, 407

Charles V., Emperor, i, 447 note; ii, 416, 428; iii, 24, 27 and note, 28-31, 37, 40-46, 62, 69, 70, 110, 264, 395, 411, 421 -- negotiates with Castiglione, ii, 54; iii, 448-51 -- elected Emperor, ii, 407, 408 -- leagues against Francis I., ii, 423 -- hostile to Pope Clement VII., iii, 28 -- and the sack of Rome, iii, 29-31 -- a league against, iii, 37 -- his motives in going to Italy, iii, 42 -- coronation of, iii, 42-6, 253 -- favours Francesco Maria I., iii, 43-5, 69 -- meets Clement VII. at Bologna, iii, 62 -- meets Francesco Maria I. in Italy, in 1532, iii, 62, 404 note -- his expedition against Tunis, iii, 299 -- and Ariosto, iii, 284 -- and Titian, iii, 390 -- _Lettere_, iii, 8 note

Charles VII., i, 124 -- death of, i, 135

Charles VIII., i, 325; ii, 3, 449; iii, 57

Charles VIII., of France, characteristics of, i, 327, 346, 355 -- his invasion of Italy, i, 333, 340, 348-55 -- enters Naples, i, 352 -- defeated at Taro, i, 354 -- death of, i, 372 -- his army in 1493, i, 460-2 -- and Gem, ii, 296

Charles IX., ii, 406; iii, 122

Charlescon, ii, 381

Charon, iii, 344

Chaucer, i, 313 note

Chaumont, M. de, ii, 331; iii, 435

Chiavistelli, the, i, 235 note

Chigi, Agostino, ii, 247, 248, 258, 352 note

Chigi Chapel, ii, 240

Chinese art, ii, 175

Chinon, i, 468

Chioggia, i, 377; ii, 360

Chiusi, ii, 11

Christian art, _see_ Italian art

Christofero, Giovanni, ii, 71

Church Langton, ii, 115

Church-plate coined into specie, iii, 24

Church, Roman Catholic, identified with popular principles, i, 11

Cialderi, Girolamo, iii, 380

Ciampi, iii, 383 note

Cian, ii, 44 note, 51 note, 63 note, 119 note

Ciarla, Raffaele, iii, 420, 422, 423

Ciarpelion, i, 91

Cibò, Cardinal, _see_ Innocent VIII.

Cibò, Alberico, iii, 80; iii, 106

Cibò, Caterina, iii, 65, 66

Cibò, Francesco, i, 331

Cibrario, on coinage, i, xlii, xliii note -- _Economia Politica del Medio Evo_, i, 88 note

Cicognara, Count, ii, 269, 271; iii, 404 note

Cigognara, iii, 481

Cimabue, i, 436; ii, 174, 188 -- at Assisi, ii, 180 -- style of, ii, 186

Cimarelli, i, 160; iii, 225 note -- on the Duchy of Urbino, i, 4 -- Italian patriotism of, ii, 108

Cimatorio, Antonio, iii, 378

Citadella, ii, 420 -- _Saggio di Albero Genealogico della Famiglia Borgia_, ii, 19 note

Città della Pieve, ii, 11, 199 -- sack of, iii, 19

Città di Castello, i, 18, 238, 305, 360, 380; ii, 24; iii, 106 -- Guidobaldo I. at, i, 421 -- plunder of, ii, 11 -- Raffaele's work at, ii, 225 -- majolica made at, iii, 406

Civita Castellana, iii, 5, 23, 24

Civita Vecchia, i, 81; iii, 23

Claude, iii, 366

Claudia, Princess, of Urbino, marriage of, to Prince Federigo, iii, 196, 199-202 -- second marriage of, iii, 211 -- letters from her to her daughter, iii, 232, 237

Clement, name unlucky for the papacy, iii, 33 note

Clement VII., i, 327; ii, 64, 351, 419 note; iii, 4-8, 13, 25, 32, 59, 62, 66, 260 -- sends Castiglione to Spain, ii, 54 -- election of, ii, 423 -- policy of, ii, 433, 434, 443, 447-56; iii, 26 -- reduces the garrison of Rome, iii, 4 -- foolish infatuation of, iii, 4-8 -- his difficulty to raise money, iii, 6 -- seeks safety in S. Angelo, iii, 13 -- amid calamities and perils, iii, 23 -- fed on asses' flesh, iii, 25 -- escapes from Rome, iii, 25 -- returns to Rome, iii, 32 -- entertained by the Duchess Leonora, iii, 52 -- seizes Ancona, iii, 59 -- and Charles V., hold a congress at Bologna, iii, 62 -- his matrimonial speculations, iii, 62 -- estrangement from Charles V., iii, 62 -- death of, iii, 66 -- character of, iii, 66 -- letters to Francesco I., iii, 427 -- negotiations with, iii, 433-42

Clement VIII., Pope, iii, 164, 166, 167, 215 -- visits Francesco Maria II. at Pesaro, iii, 166, 167 -- visits Urbino, iii, 265, 373

Clement XI., i, 163; iii, 248 note

Clemente of Urbino, his medallions, ii, 270; iii, 376 note

Clementini, i, 71 note, 75 note, 192 note

Clovio, Giulio, i, 286, 449; iii, 12 note, 488

Coalition against Charles V., iii, 37

Colbordolo, i, 82; ii, 216

Colgrain Crone, i, xiii, xiv

Colle, siege of, i, 248, 339 note

Colle, Raffaele del, iii, 50, 380, 420 -- work of, iii, 350

Colleone, Bartolomeo, harasses Urbino, i, 54 -- invades Tuscany, i, 185 -- fights at La Molinella, i, 185, 186 -- employs flying artillery, i, 187

Colleoni, Carmagnuola, ii, 425 note

Colocci, Angelo, iii, 122 note

Cologne, ii, 198

Colonello, Francesco Amadori di, iii, 386 note

Colonna, the, depredations of, i, 329 -- prefects of Rome, ii, 291 -- reconciled with Orsini, ii, 354 -- excommunicated by Clement VII., ii, 448

Colonna, Antonio, Prince of Salerna, ii, 291

Colonna, Ascanio, i, 289; iii, 53, 442 -- his claims on Urbino, ii, 418-20, 455

Colonna, Caterina, marriage of, i, 45

Colonna, Fabrizio, i, 289, 358; ii, 302, 419; iii, 291, 435 -- marriage of, i, 222

Colonna, Giovanni, i, 29

Colonna, Girolamo, i, 152

Colonna, Giulio, ii, 283

Colonna, Lorenzo, i, 45

Colonna, Marc Antonio, ii, 281, 282

Colonna, Marcello, ii, 444

Colonna, Ottavia, ii, 283

Colonna, Cardinal Ottone, _see_ Martin V.

Colonna, Pier Antonio, i, 152; ii, 291

Colonna, Cardinal Pompeo, ii, 448; iii, 10, 26, 27, 432 -- treason of, ii, 443, 444

Colonna, Cardinal Prospero, ii, 419, 425 note, 444; iii, 435 -- death of, ii, 423

Colonna, Sciarra, iii, 65

Colonna, Stefano, iii, 92, 430

Colonna, Vespasiano, iii, 439, 442

Colonna, Vittoria, i, 222, 289; ii, 120; iii, 125 -- authorities for, iii, 291 note -- marriage of, iii, 291 -- her character, iii, 292 -- her poems, iii, 292

_Coltness Collections, The_, i, xvi

Columbus, Christopher, i, 326

Comacchio, Bishop of, i, 475

Comandini, Comandino, i, 268, 279; ii, 215

Comandino, Federigo, iii, 134, 266, 267, 369 -- translator of Greek, iii, 259 -- his education, iii, 260 -- devoted to the exact sciences, iii, 261 -- at Urbino, iii, 261

Comandino, Gian Battista, ii, 265; iii, 260

Comarca, defined, i, xl

Comerio, la vedova, i, 286

Comines, Philippe de, i, 248 -- on the French army, i, 463-7

Como, i, 156

Comolli, ii, 221

Compagnoni of Macerata, iii, 372

Conca, iii, 363

Condivi, iii, 381, 383 note

Condolmiere, Gabriele, _see_ Eugene IV.

Condottiere, rise of the, i, 13 -- system at work, i, 14, 112; ii, 424, 425 -- the passing of, i, 333; iii, 47, 94, 156 -- the Vitelli, famous, i, 335 note

Conegliano, Cima di, ii, 191

Confraternita della Grotta, iii, 242, 243

Coninghame, Mr. William, ii, 232

Constantine, Hall of, ii, 238

Constantini, iii, 327

Constantinople, ii, 105, 296, 398 -- siege of, i, 106 -- patriarch of, ii, 280

Contarini, Altadonna, i, 51 note

Contarini, Bartolomeo, i, 51 note

Contarini, Lorenzo, his funeral oration on Francesco Maria I., iii, 73

Conte, Donato del, i, 187

Conti, Sigismondo, ii, 126

Coreglia, Michele, i, 415

Contriotto, iii, 77

Corfu, iii, 77, 140, 141, 423

Corboli, the, iii, 90

Corboli, Antonio, iii, 143

Corinaldo, ii, 8, 395, 396; iii, 379 -- prior of, iii, 82

Corio, ii, 285 -- mistakes of, i, 188 note

Cornara, Queen, iii, 482

Cornari, the, iii, 298

Cornei, the, iii, 90

Cornelius, iii, 366

Corneto, Cardinal of, ii, 115, 116, 391 -- to be poisoned, ii, 15, 16, 17

Corona, indulgences belonging to a, iii, 456

Corradi, iii, 175 note, 311 note

Corradi, Bartolomeo, _see_ (Fra) Carnevale

Corradino, i, 26

Corrado, Ludovico, iii, 130

Correggio, ii, 242; iii, 338, 341, 356, 370

Cortesio, Paolo, quoted, i, 244, 450 -- letter to, from Guidobaldo, ii, 87

Cortona, i, 103; iii, 19

Corvinus, Matthew, King of Hungary, i, 245; ii, 37

Corvisieri, ii, 285 note

Cosenza, Cardinal of, iii, 431

Cosimo I., i, 384

Cosimo II., Grand Duke of Tuscany, death of, iii, 199

Cosimo III., Grand Duke of Tuscany, iii, 239, 489

Cosmati, the, iii, 336 note

Costa, Mauro, i, 169

Costaccioro, i, 404; ii, 213

Costanza, Countess, of Urbino, i, 34

Costanza of Pesaro, i, 41

Coster, Mauro, iii, 244

Cotrone, Marchioness of, i, 473

Council of Trent i, xi; ii, 20 note; iii, 96

Coventry, Andrew, iii, 176 note

Cranach, Lucas, iii, 487

Crastini, Antonio, ii, 314

Creighton, Mandell, i, 321 note; ii, 10 note, 17 note, 285 note, 294 note, 417 note -- _History of the Papacy_, i, 319 note -- on Sixtus IV., ii, 278 note, 287 note -- on Julius II., ii, 301 note, 334 note, 339 note -- on Marignano, ii, 363 note -- on Renzo da Ceri, iii, 13 note -- on the sack of Rome, iii, 14 note

Crema, iii, 77

Cremona, i, 93 -- siege of, ii, 424, 441 note, 433 -- surrender of, ii, 445

Crescimbeni, i, 40 note, 427, 428 -- on Galli, ii, 143 -- on Baldi, iii, 271

Crespi, Canonico, ii, 233

Cresti, Domenico, iii, 369

Crichton, the Admirable, iii, 326

Cristina, Queen, ii, 233

Cristofani, _Storia d'Assisi_, i, 35 note, 42 note, 43 note

Crivelli, ii, 222; iii, 345

Crocchia of Urbino, ii, 265

_Croniche di Gubbio_, i, 22 note

Crowe and Cavalcaselle, ii, 138 note, 185 note, 203 note, 220 note

Croy, Adrian de, ii, 428

Crozat Collection, ii, 233

Crusca, della, academicians of, on Tasso, iii, 310, 329

Cruttwell, Maud, _Luca and Andrea della Robbia and their School_, iii, 406

Cunningham, _Life of Wilkie_, ii, 175 note

Cuparini's account of the war of Camerino, iii, 68 note

Curzolari, _see_ Lepanto

Cyprus, King of, iii, 18

Cyrneo, Pietro, on Duke Federigo, i, 272

D'Albret, Charlotte, i, 376

D'Alençon, Charles, Duc, ii, 449

D'Allègre, Ives, i, 384

Dalloway, iii, 360

Dalmasio, Lippo, ii, 254

D'Alviano, Bartolomeo, i, 359, 370; ii, 321

D'Amboise, George, i, 376

D'Ambras, Monsieur, ii, 390

Damiano, Felice, iii, 380

D'Ancezun, Geraud, ii, 282

D'Ancona, ii, 69 note, 119 note; iii, 308 note; 327 note -- _La Poesia Popolare Italiana_, iii, 280 note

Dandini, V., iii, 487

Daniele di Volterra, ii, 244; iii, 380

Dante Alighieri, quoted, i, 3, 19, 67, 73 note, 383; ii, 51, 74 note; iii, 278, 329 -- folio in Urbino library, i, 448 -- on Count Guido, i, 28, 30-32 -- on Boniface VIII., i, 33 -- leaves Florence, ii, 100 -- inspires Umbrian school of art, ii, 186 -- on Oderigi da Gubbio, ii, 188

D'Aquila, Serafino, at Urbino, ii, 147

D'Aquino, iii, 125

D'Aragona, Antonio, marries Princess Ippolita, iii, 53

D'Aragona, Tullia, iii, 275, 298

D'Arco, ii, 5 note

D'Argenson, Sieur, i, 466

D'Arpino, Cavaliere, iii, 377

Daru, on coinage, i, xxii

D'Assisi, Andrea, ii, 258, 291

Datario, ii, 32

D'Aubigny, invades Italy, i, 348

D'Avalos, Alfonso Felice, iii, 125 and note, 157

D'Avalos, Ferrante, iii, 291 note

David II. of Scotland, i, xiii

Da Vinci, Leonardo, ii, 199, 222, 229, 252; iii, 335 -- his _Cenacolo_, ii, 204 note -- cartoons of, ii, 235

Dazzi, _Alcune Lettere_, ii, 73 note

Dea, John, at Urbino, iii, 261

De Gama, i, 326

De Grasses, ii, 281

Dello, iii, 345

Demetrio, i, 226

Dennistoun, Mr. J.W., of Dennistoun, i, xii

_Dennistoun and Colgraine_, _Some Account of the Family of Dennistoun of_, i, xv note

Dennistoun, James, of Dennistoun, scope of the _Memoirs_, i, viii -- ii, 153 note -- illustrations of the _Memoirs_, i, x-xii -- art criticism of, i, x, xv; ii, 157 note; iii, 336 note -- descent of, i, xiii -- arms of, i, xiv note -- his birth and education, i, xiv, xv -- works of, i, xvi, xvii -- his collection of early Italian pictures, i, xvii-xxviii -- his prejudice against the Malatesta, i, 75 note, i, 192 note -- on the Borgia, i, 319 note -- on the devolution of the Duchy, iii, 220 note -- on Michael Angelo, iii, 386 note -- his list of authorities, iii, 490-498

D'Entragues, Monsieur, i, 356

D'Epinois, ii, 19 note

Despartes, i, 320 note

D'Este, the, hold Ferrara as Marquisate, i, 18 -- patrons of art, ii, 43 -- patrons of letters, ii, 98, 99

D'Este, Alberto, i, 473

D'Este, Alfonso, Duke of Ferrara, i, 247; iii, 80 -- his marriage with Lucrezia Borgia, i, 396, 473-83 -- sues for peace, ii, 346

D'Este, Bianca, accomplishments of, ii, 128

D'Este, Borso, Duke of Modena and Ferrara, i, 110, 205, 261

D'Este, Cesare, iii, 164

D'Este, Duke Ercole, i, 125; ii, 147; iii, 139, 281 -- pretensions of, i, 381

D'Este, Ginevra, i, 192 note

D'Este, Giulia della Rovere, iii, 393 note

D'Este, Cardinal Ippolito, ii, 23 note; iii, 270 -- patron of Ariosto, iii, 281-83

D'Este, Isabella, ii, 5 note, 84 note -- letters of, ii, 23 note, 323 note

D'Este, Isotta, betrothed to Duke Oddantonio, i, 55

D'Este, Laura, iii, 299

D'Este, Leonello, i, 55

D'Este, Leonora, iii, 136 note, 334, 349 -- Tasso and, iii, 309, 319, 321

D'Este, Lucrezia, ii, 357 -- _see_ Lucrezia, Duchess of Urbino

D'Este, Nicolò Marquis of Ferrara, i, 55

Dhona, Baron, i, 469

_Dialogue de Regno_, i, 227

_Diario Ferrarese_, i, 55 note

Diomed, iii, 69

Dionora of Naples, ii, 281

Di Pastis, i, 193

Dispensations, sale of, i, 386

Djem, _see_ Gem

Dolce, Ludovico, i, 403 -- _Instituto delle Donne_, ii, 72, 77 note -- on position of women in the sixteenth century, ii, 72-5

Domenichi, iii, 286

Domenichino, ii, 243

Donato, Antonio, iii, 129 note, 218, 219, 227

Doni, Angelo, ii, 229

Doni, Antonio Francesco, iii, 289

"Donkey-day," ii, 337

Donnino, Francesco di, iii, 413, 421

Donnino, Giovanni di, iii, 413, 421

D'Orco, Ramirez, i, 392

Doria, Andrea, i, 152; ii, 36, 448; iii, 140 -- at Sinigaglia, ii, 3 -- at Genoa, ii, 59 -- defends Sinigaglia, ii, 300 -- occupies Ostia, iii, 24 -- changes sides, iii, 40

Doria, Filippino, iii, 78, 131

Doria, Giovanni Andrea, iii, 134, 140

Doria, Nicoloso, i, 402

Doria Pamfili gallery, i, 275 note

D'Ortona, Morello, ii, 37

Dossi, Giovanbattista, iii, 350

Douglas, Langton, _History of Siena_, ii, 11 note, 187 note, 414 note

D'Ovidio, iii, 310 note, 317 note

Dovizi, Bernardo, _see_ Cardinal Bibbiena

Dovizi, Pietro, ii, 65; _see_ Bembo

Dryden, _Æneid_, i, 121 note; ii, 122 note

Drymen, i, xiv

_Dublin Review_, i, 29 note

Duccio, ii, 185 note; iii, 336 note

Dugdale, ii, 470

Dumont, i, 394 note

Duns Scotus, i, 230

Du Peloux, quoted, i, 327 note

Durante, Guglielmo, i, 35, 36; iii, 181

Duranti, Cardinal, iii, 130

Durantino, Guido, iii, 423

Durazzo, Charles, Count of, i, 323

Durazzo Gallery, Genoa, iii, 231

D'Urbino, Francesco, iii, 378

D'Urbino, Giovanni, iii, 378, 437, 441

D'Urbino, Girolamo, iii, 369

Durer, Albert, ii, 198

Eastern Empire, decay of, i, 106

Eastlake, Sir C.L., i, xxxix note

_Edinburgh Review_, i, xxxix note -- Dennistoun's contributions to, i, xvi, xvii

Edward III. of England, i, xiii, 223

Elisabetta, Duchess of Urbino, ii, 32, 35, 38, 58, 265, 316, 360, 367 -- accomplishments of, ii, 43, 46, 49 -- her letters to Urbino, ii, 82 -- her grief, ii, 82, 83, 85 -- remaining years of, ii, 88-90 -- portraits of, ii, 234, 272 -- acts as regent, ii, 320, 323 -- letter of, to Francesco Maria I., iii, 79, 80 note

Elizabeth, Queen, iii, 360

Elizabeth of Valois, iii, 133

Ellesmere Collection, ii, 233

Elna, Bishop of, i, 403

Elzivir Press, iii, 465

Emanuel Filibert, Duke of Savoy, ii, 215; iii, 263

Emo, proveditore, ii, 425

Enciquel, Don Pedro, iii, 132

England in league against Charles V., iii, 37

English views on art, ii, 171

_Epistles on the Platonic Theology_, i, 227

Erasmus, quoted, ii, 123 note -- and Vergilio, ii, 116

Ercole I. Duke of Ferrara; _see_ D'Este

Ermine, Order of the, i, 222

Erskine, Sir Robert, i, xiii

Escriva, Pietro Luigi, iii, 77

Escu, M. de l', ii, 398, 401, 403, 423

Etruscan pottery, iii, 404

Euclid, _Elements_ of, iii, 261, 267

Eugenius IV., i, 438 -- policy against the Colonna, i, 46, 68, 95 -- confers dukedom on Oddantonio, i, 51 -- flies to Florence, i, 73 -- his grants to the Montefeltri, i, 76 -- excommunicates Duke Federigo, i, 93 -- death of, i, 95 -- his policy, i, 96 -- claims Naples, i, 324 -- biography of, ii, 119 -- patron of art, ii, 197

Eugubinean tables, the, iii, 267

Exact sciences flourish, iii, 259

Ezzelino, i, 67

Fabi, iii, 287 note

Fabius, Maximus, iii, 76

Fabre, M., ii, 234

Fabretti, Raffaele, i, 159

Fabriano, ii, 89, 395, 413 -- sack of, ii, 402

Fabronio, i, 242 note, 262

Fabroni, _Life of Lorenzo_, i, 237

Facio, ii, 267

Faenza, i, 18, 47, 258, 349, 381; ii, 321, 322 -- betrayed by Tribaldello, i, 27 -- blockade of, i, 186 -- Lord of, i, 206 -- defence of, i, 389 -- surrender of, ii, 328 -- majolica or faience of, iii, 406

Faggiuola, Uguccione della, iii, 482

Fano, i, 18, 82, 137, 305, 404, 418; ii, 266, 387; iii, 377 -- papal sway in, i, 23 -- siege of, i, 142 -- Perugino at, ii, 225 -- assault of, ii, 380 -- Guidobaldo II. at, iii, 103

Fantaguzzo da S. Arcangelo, i, 126

Farfa, Abbot of, iii, 39

Farnesi, the, iii, 263 -- position of, iii, 93

Farnese, Angelo, i, 152

Farnese, Cardinal, _see_ Paul III., iii, 24, 68

Farnese, Cardinal Alessandro, iii, 294, 357, 411, 474 -- patron of art, iii, 394

Farnese, Giulia, ii, 168 note -- portrait of, i, xi

Farnese, Ottavio, Duke of Parma, married to Margaret of Austria, iii, 93 -- assisted by King Henry II. of France, iii, 103 -- his advice to Francesco Maria II., iii, 143-8

Farnese, Ranuccio, i, 152; iii, 163

Farnese, Cardinal Ranuccio, iii, 260, 271 note

Farnesina, Villa, ii, 240, 247

Fattori, iii, 101 note

Fazino, Antonio, iii, 143

Fea, Giacomo, i, 307, 384 -- _Notizie_, ii, 239 note

Febo da Cevi, iii, 78

Federigo of Aragon, i, 372

Federigo da Bozzolo, iii, 19, 20

Federigo of Naples, abdication of, i, 394

Federigo I., Marquis of Mantua, ii, 140

Federigo, Duke of Urbino, his reign a golden age, i, xxxi -- martial renown of, i, xxxiii -- mystery of his birth, i, 61-3 -- legitimation of, i, 62 -- obtains fiefs by marriage, i, 23 -- marriage with Elisabetta Brancaleone, i, 46, 72 -- military cares of, i, 47 -- takes possession of the state, i, 54 -- his early betrothal, i, 63, 64 -- goes to Venice, i, 68 -- made a companion of the _Calze_, i, 68 -- retires to Mantua, i, 69 -- educated by Vittorino da Feltre, i, 69 -- knighted by Sigismund, i, 72 -- becomes Count of Mercatello, i, 72, 83 -- and a condottiere, i, 72 -- his first service, i, 74 -- his moonlight adventure at Faenza, i, 74 -- his long contests with Sigismondo Malatesta, i, 75-80, 83, 93 -- surprises S. Leo, i, 77-80 -- visits Alfonso of Naples, i, 81, 82 -- ill of fever, i, 83 -- protects Pesaro, i, 83 -- challenged by Sigismondo Malatesta, i, 83 -- called by the citizens as their seigneur, i, 85 -- his concessions to them, i, 86, 438 -- his promising qualities, i, 88 -- serves under Francesco Sforza, i, 89, 91-3, 100 -- his proposal for Fossombrone, i, 89 -- excommunicated, i, 93 -- challenges Sigismondo Malatesta, i, 94 -- serves the Florentines, i, 98 -- fidelity of, i, 99, 100 -- loses an eye, i, 101 -- changes sides, i, 103 -- his campaign in Tuscany, i, 103-6 -- goes to Naples, i, 104, 108, 110 -- ill of fever, i, 104 -- re-engaged, i, 106 -- selfish policy of, i, 109 -- his interviews with Sigismondo Malatesta, i, 110, 119 -- loses his wife, i, 111 -- his rival humbled, i, 112 -- deserted by his allies, i, 114 -- retained by Ferdinand II., i, 115 -- his brief from Pius II., i, 117 -- domestic life of, i, 120 -- marries Battista Sforza, i, 122 -- visits Pius II., i, 123 -- his accident and bravery at the battle of S. Fabbiano, i, 126, 127 -- insulted by Piccinino, i, 129 -- his indictment of Sigismondo, i, 131 -- accompanies Pius II. to Tivoli, i, 133 -- complimented by Pius II., i, 134 -- sent against Malatesta, i, 136 -- and defeats him at Cesano, i, 137 -- takes Mondavio, Sinigaglia and Fano, i, 139 -- takes Mondaino and Montefiori, i, 140 -- his forgery and artifice, i, 140 -- takes Fano, i, 142 -- generosity of, i, 143, 199, 242 -- at peace with Sigismondo, i, 145 -- his territory extended, i, 146 -- builds a palace, i, 154-63 -- his patent to Luziano, i, 156 -- his library, i, 162-9, 271 -- his other residences, i, 171-3 -- his sporting tastes, i, 174 note -- extent of his domain, i, 175, 213 note -- war a source of wealth to, i, 175 -- Gonfaloniere of the Church, i, 179 -- retained by Ferdinand, i, 179 -- expeditions in service of Paul II., i, 179 -- visits Paul II., i, 179 -- engaged by Galeazzo Maria Sforza, i, 181, 183, 185, 190, 196 -- good faith of, i, 186 -- risks his life at La Molinella, i, 187-9 -- reduces Brisella, i, 190 -- defends Rimini, i, 196 -- his oration, i, 198 -- wins the battle of Rimini, i, 199 -- his opinion of Sixtus IV., i, 203 -- entertains Persian envoy, i, 204 -- and Pietro Riario, i, 205 -- son born to, i, 207 -- his expedition against Volterra, i, 208-12 -- his Hebrew Bible, i, 212 -- his glory, i, 212 -- loses his countess, i, 214-16 -- made Duke of Urbino, i, 24, 220 -- obtains the Golden Rose, i, 221 note, 283 -- marries his daughters, i, 222 -- made Knight of the Ermine, i, 223, 284 -- and of the Garter, i, 224, 283, 451 -- his expedition against Perugia, i, 236 -- rejects Pazzi conspiracy, i, 242 -- employed by Sixtus IV. against the Medici, i, 243-51 -- his astrology, i, 231, 244 -- breaks his leg, i, 246, 253 -- receives Sword and Hat, i, 253 -- hospitality of, i, 253, 254 -- engaged against the Turks, i, 257 -- his campaign at Ferrara, i, 252-67 -- visits Florence, i, 261 -- his letter to Lorenzo, i, 262 -- serves the Florentines, i, 282 -- death of, i, 35, 266-9, 299 -- his funeral, i, 283-4 -- anecdotes of, i, 277-83 -- children of, i, 289-91 -- natural children of, i, 290-1 -- his administration, i, 147-9, 153 -- his character, i, 148, 270-83 -- his court, i, 150-4 -- his letters to Edward IV., i, 450-3, 456 note -- his letters to Salisbury, i, 453-6 -- letters to Siena, i, 104, 111, 112, 196 note, 201, 209, 214, 249, 250, 254; ii, 214 -- literary tastes of, ii, 111, 113 -- biographers of, i, 147 -- his patronage of letters, i, 225-30; ii, 43, 99, 107, 112 -- his campaigns celebrated in verse, i, 227 note -- memoir of, ii, 118 -- books dedicated to, i, 213, 227; ii, 112, 132 -- patron of art, ii, 201; iii, 259 -- employs Giorgio, ii, 212, 213 -- portraits of, i, 101, 284-9; ii, 208, 209, 210, 213, 268; iii, 415, 487 -- medallions of, i, 289 note; ii, 270-2 -- statue of, iii, 376, 400, 459 -- monumental inscription of, iii, 459

Federigo, Prince of Urbino, authorities for, iii, 129 note -- birth of, iii, 173-6 -- portraits of, iii, 175 and note, 176, 489 -- baptism of, iii, 176-80 -- said to have been invested with the order of the Golden Fleece, iii, 180 -- education of, iii, 189-95 -- character of, iii, 194-9, 203-7 -- betrothed to Princess Claudia, iii, 196 -- dissolute habits of, iii, 197-9, 203-7 -- marriage of, iii, 199-202 -- death of, iii, 207-10

Felice of Cagli, iii, 142

Feliciangeli, iii, 65 note -- _Sulla monacazione di Sueva Montefeltro-Sforza_, i, 48 note

Feltre, Vittorino da, i, 69-71

Feltrian Legion, _see_ Italian Militia

Ferdinand and Isabella of Aragon and Castile, ii, 407

Ferdinand I., i, 325

Ferdinand II., Grand Duke of Tuscany, death of, iii, 196 -- betrothed to Princess Vittoria, iii, 213, 214 -- marriage of, iii, 239

Ferdinand II., of Naples, as Duke of Calabria enters Tuscany, i, 103 -- his succession, i, 115, 116 -- retains Count Federigo, i, 115 -- unpopularity of, i, 123 -- losses of, i, 129 -- campaigns against, i, 130, 135, 141 -- entertains Piccinino, i, 183 -- his opinion of Federigo, i, 185 -- makes treaty with Medici, i, 252 -- reconciled to the Pope, i, 332 -- succession of, i, 351 -- retires to Ischia, i, 352 -- returns to Naples, i, 354 -- death of, i, 358

Ferdinand II. of Spain, i, 352, 393 -- death of, ii, 358, 364

Ferdinand II., Emperor, iii, 214

Ferdinand Francesco, Marquis of Pescara, iii, 291

Feria, Duke of, iii, 133

Fermignano, ii, 260, iii, 406, 413 -- sack of, i, 411

Fermo, Seigneury of, i, 18, 90, 379; iii, 414 -- siege of, i, 93 -- rout at, ii, 398

Ferrante, i, 342 note

Ferrara, Marquisate of, i, 18, 62, 110; iii, 53 note, 281, 300, 406 -- festivities at, i, 55 -- congress at, i, 97 -- siege of, i, 167; ii, 335 -- designs of Venice on, i, 258, 302 -- league for defence of, i, 259 -- described, i, 261 -- entry into, by Lucrezia Borgia, i, 473 -- drama at, ii, 147, 152 -- advance on, ii, 331 -- bishop of, ii, 281 -- devolution of, iii, 165 -- Public Library, iii, 284 -- Tasso at, iii, 314

Ferrazzi, iii, 280 note

Ferrero e Muller, iii, 292 note

Ferrofino, Count Alessandro, ii, 345

Fesch Gallery, ii, 225

Feudalism, absence of, favours establishment of towns, i, 6

Ficheruolo, i, 262 -- siege of, i, 264

Ficino, Marsilio, i, 164, 227, 283; ii, 105 -- his dedication to Federigo, ii, 112

Fieramosca, Cesare, iii, 451

Fiesole, Giovanni da, ii, 161

Filarete, Francesco, i, 227 note

Filelfo, Francesco, i, 50 note -- notoriety of, ii, 131 -- his _Sfortiados_, ii, 132

Filelfo, Gian Maria, i, 150 -- his _Martiados_, ii, 132, 133 -- his other works, ii, 133-6 -- his intercourse with Federigo, ii, 132, 135, 136 -- his sonnet on Bellini, ii, 135

Filiberta of Savoy, ii, 57, 359

Filippi, Vespasiano, his memoir of Duke Federigo, ii, 118

Filippini, i, 35 note

Filosseno, Marcello, i, 391 -- sonnet of, i, 472

Finale, campaign of, ii, 135

Firenzuola, ii, 73 note

Flamini, ii, 132 note

Fleetwood, on coinage, i, xlii

Florence, i, 37; ii, 62; iii, 106, 283 -- Guelphs and Ghibellines in, i, 11 -- democratic institutions of, i, 16 -- communal freedom in, i, 67 -- breaks alliance with Venice, i, 102 -- Angevine partisan, i, 124 -- factions in, after death of Cosimo de' Medici, i, 184 -- employs Federigo against Volterra, i, 209 -- origin of feuds in, i, 239 -- unfortunate position of, i, 251 -- humiliated before Sixtus IV., i, 252 -- welcomes Federigo, i, 261 -- the Medici in, i, 326; iii, 62 -- expels the Medici, i, 349, 350; iii, 43 -- in the absence of the popes, ii, 97 -- supports the French, ii, 343 -- Medici re-established in, ii, 346, 347; iii, 43 -- obtains Montefeltro, S. Leo, and Maiuola, ii, 406 -- Belle Arti, ii, 198 -- in league against Charles V., iii, 37 -- independence of, iii, 42 -- Tasso in, iii, 321 -- woollen trade of, iii, 347 -- Duomo of, iii, 359 -- majolica made at, iii, 406 -- Robbian ware of, iii, 407

Florentine school, ii, 288

Florido, Orazio, ii, 381-3

Floriszoon, _see_ Adrian VI.

Foglia, the, ii, 317

Fogliani, the, i, 379 -- Seigneury of, i, 18

Fogliano, Giovanni di, in Fermo, i, 379 -- murder of, i, 412; ii, 10

Fogliano, Nicolosa, ii, 281

Fogliano, Oliverotto, i, 379

Foiano, siege of, i, 104

Foix, Gaston de, ii, 315, 344

Foix, Odet de, ii, 423 note

Foligno, Republic of, i, 18, 40; ii, 199; iii, 19 note

Fontana, iii, 263 -- Camillo, iii, 422 -- Flaminio, iii, 422 -- Guido, iii, 422 -- Horatio, iii, 474 -- Nicolò, iii, 422 -- Orazio, iii, 411, 422

Foppa of Brescia, ii, 203

Forana, Madonna of, ii, 196

Forano, ii, 223

Forlì, Seigneury of, i, 18, 254, 306, 307, 381, 414; ii, 337; iii, 349, 350, 406 -- siege and surprise of, i, 26 -- chronicles of, i, 37 -- defence of, i, 384 -- surrender of, ii, 35 -- reduction of, ii, 52

Forlimpopoli, i, 192 note, 406

Formoso I., i, 178

Fornari, the, ii, 59

Fornovo, battle of, i, 463, 467

Forrest, Mr., iii, 415

Foscari, Francesco, i, 68

Fossatti, Falletti, ii, 74 note

Fossombrone, i, 175, 281, 312, 404; ii, 343, 395; iii, 98, 123 -- bought by Federigo, i, 23, 89, 90 -- palace of, i, 154, 174 -- built by Giorgio, ii, 213 -- sack of, by Borgia, i, 415 -- Guidobaldo I. at, ii, 80 -- bishop of, iii, 178

Fox, Richard, ii, 117

Francesca, Pietro della, i, 56 note, 447; ii, 198, 260 note; iii, 262, 347, 487 -- work ascribed to, ii, 201, 206, 209, 290 -- two manners of, ii, 202 -- patronized by Federigo, i, 218, 284, 286; ii, 201, 206 -- mathematician, ii, 202, 203 -- his MSS., ii, 203-6 -- his paintings, ii, 206-10, 236 -- and Raffaele, ii, 231

Francesco da Bozzolo, iii, 71

Francesco di Cagli, i, 435

Francesco d'Urbino, iii, 378

Francesco, Gian, ii, 272

Francesco da Piacenza, i, 112 note

Francesco Maria del Monte, iii, 262

Francesco I. of Florence, iii, 360

Francesco Maria I., Duke of Urbino, i, 24, 131, 173, 283; ii, 34, 145, 215; iii, 259, 265, 281, 404 note -- reign of, i, xxxi -- victim of Leo X., i, xxxii -- martial renown of, i, xxxiii -- adoption of, i, 371, 399; ii, 36, 37, 316 -- birth of, i, 312; ii, 313 -- taken to Urbino, ii, 313 -- made prefect of Rome, i, 399; ii, 313 -- inherits Sinigaglia, ii, 300, 316 -- marriage of, ii, 89, 314, 316, 323 -- education of, ii, 314 -- retires to France, ii, 315 -- returns from France, ii, 315 -- his first campaign, ii, 316 -- his uncontrollable temper, ii, 317, 339, 441; iii, 36 -- succeeds Guidobaldo, ii, 81, 84, 318 -- made captain-general of the papal troops, ii, 323 -- visits Mantua, ii, 323 note -- his campaign in Romagna, ii, 325-9, 331-8, 343, 345 -- his difficulties with the Cardinal of Pavia, ii, 327-9, 331-9 -- goes to Rome, ii, 329, 341, 353 -- proceedings against, for murder of the cardinal, ii, 341-3, 366, 481-3 -- his difficulties with the Medici, ii, 347 -- obtains Pesaro, ii, 348-50 -- received by Leo X., ii, 354 -- Leo X. intrigues against, ii, 360-7 -- deprived of his duchy, ii, 367, 369 -- his manifesto, ii, 373-5 -- his address to his soldiers, ii, 376 -- is restored, ii, 377-80 -- challenges Lorenzo, ii, 381-3 -- details the battle of Mondolfo, ii, 388 -- masters a mutiny, ii, 393-5 -- addresses his soldiers, ii, 394 -- his expedition against Perugia, ii, 393-5 -- and foray of La Marca, ii, 395 -- marches on Tuscany, ii, 399-401 -- again deprived of his duchy, ii, 401-6 -- again returns, ii, 412-21 -- writes to Siena, ii, 414 -- goes to Rome, ii, 422 -- serves the Venetians, ii, 423-8, 431, 435 -- visits Venice, ii, 429-31; iii, 36 -- his letter to Wolsey, ii, 434 -- his _Discorsi Militari_, ii, 438, 446; iii, 53-9, 78 -- illness of, ii, 432, 443, 451 -- counsels Clement VII., iii, 5 -- dilatory march of, iii, 8, 15 and note, 18-20 -- indefensible conduct of, iii, 22 note -- desertion of his forces, iii, 34 -- justifies himself to Clement VII., iii, 34, 444-7 -- eloquence of, iii, 36, 79 -- beats Gian Andrea da Prato, iii, 36 -- repels the Duke of Brunswick, iii, 40 -- recovers Pavia, iii, 40 -- at the coronation of Charles V., iii, 43-6 -- mistaken for his son, iii, 44 -- favoured by Charles V., iii, 43-5, 69 -- much absent from his state, iii, 49 -- returns to his state, iii, 53 -- in Lombardy, iii, 58, 70 -- leaves the government of the state to his son, iii, 58 -- institutes a militia, iii, 61 -- meets Charles V. in 1532, iii, 62, 69 -- death of, iii, 71 -- burial of, iii, 72-4 -- epitaph of, iii, 73 -- statue of, iii, 74 -- character of, iii, 74-80 -- children of, iii, 80 -- patron of letters, ii, 116 -- patron of Raffaele, ii, 234 -- patron of Ariosto, iii, 284 -- patron of art, iii, 346, 349, 351 -- portraits of, iii, 346, 351, 390, 470, 479, 485 -- patron of Michael Angelo, iii, 382-4 -- patron of Titian, iii, 390 -- monument to, iii, 400-2 -- letters to, from Clement VII., iii, 427 -- inscription on, iii, 460

Francesco Maria II., Duke of Urbino, i, xi, 24, 58 -- diary of, i, 259 note -- patron of letters, ii, 118; iii, 331-3 -- birth of, iii, 101, 130 -- visits Madrid, iii, 112, 131, 132 -- his conduct at the Urbino rebellion, iii, 121 -- autobiography of, iii, 129 and note, 203 and note, 205 and note -- education of, iii, 130-4 -- his taste for painting, iii, 130 -- marriage of, iii, 134-9 -- his early love affairs, iii, 135 -- in a naval expedition against the Turks, iii, 139-41 -- accession of, iii, 142-51 -- consideration for his people, iii, 149, 150 -- plot against, iii, 150, 151 and note -- his unhappy marriage with the Duchess Lucrezia d'Este, iii, 152-5 -- receives a military commission from King Philip II., iii, 156 -- granted the prefix of "Most Serene," iii, 157 -- receives the order of the Golden Fleece, iii, 158 -- home-life of, iii, 159-63, 180 -- devices of, iii, 163 -- proposed abdication, iii, 167-9 -- second marriage of, iii, 170, 171 -- alteration in his habits, iii, 180 -- a horse breeder, iii, 180 -- institutes a Council of State, iii, 183-9 -- his instructions to his son, iii, 189-94 -- abdicates in favour of his son, iii, 203 -- resumes the government, iii, 212 -- old age and illness of, iii, 218, 224, 225 -- arranges the devolution of his state, iii, 219-23 -- religious observances of, iii, 224 -- retirement of, iii, 224 -- death of, iii, 225, 226 -- funeral of, iii, 226 -- character of, iii, 226-30 -- personal appearance of, iii, 230 -- epithets applied by him, iii, 230 -- portraits of, iii, 230, 231, 400, 483, 486 -- letters from him to his granddaughter, iii, 232-5 -- wills of, iii, 240 -- disposal of his libraries, iii, 240-3 -- pupil of Comandino, iii, 261 -- patron of Paciotti, iii, 264 -- patron of Baldi, iii, 269, 270, 273 -- patron of letters, iii, 277 -- patron of Tasso, iii, 323, 326, 327 -- patron of Zuccaro, iii, 364 -- patron of Baroccio, iii, 372, 374, 376 -- patron of arts, iii, 398, 400-2, 410 -- inscription on, iii, 461 -- collections of art of, iii, 477

Francesconi, on Aretino, iii, 290

Francia, Francesco, ii, 254; iii, 335

Francia, Padre di, ii, 299

Franciotti, Galeotto, ii, 315

Francis I., of France, ii, 57, 305; iii, 22, 34, 41, 385, 395 -- duel of, ii, 54 -- and Federigo Fregoso, ii, 60 -- succession of, ii, 362 -- his designs on Italy, ii, 362 -- takes Milan, ii, 431 -- taken prisoner, ii, 431 -- allied against Charles V., ii, 435

Francis II., of France, ii, 406

Franco, Gian Battista, iii, 100, 356, 370 -- his paintings, iii, 399, 400 -- majolica work of, iii, 423

Frangipani, the, i, 55, 331

Frankfort, iii, 162, 414

Frati, ii, 73 note

Frati, L., _Federigo Duca d'Urbino_, i, 166 note

Frati, _La Donna Italiana_, ii, 73 note -- _Lettere_, ii, 118 note

Fratini, P.G., _Storia della Basilica di S. Francesco in Assisi_, i, 35 note

Frederick II. invests Buonconte, i, 25

Frederick III., i, 190 -- coronation of, i, 103

Frederick III., of Saxony, iii, 487

Frederick Barbarossa creates counts of Montefeltro, i, 24, 25

Freducci, Ludovico, ii, 398

Fregoso, Agostino, i, 291; ii, 58

Fregoso, Aurelio, iii, 110

Fregoso, Costanza, ii, 58, 72

Fregoso, Federigo, i, 291; ii, 83, 324 -- at Urbino, ii, 58, 60, 78 -- Archbishop of Salerno and Gubbio, ii, 60 -- on the death of Guidobaldo, ii, 126, 127 -- buries Francesco Maria I., iii, 73

Fregoso, Margherita, ii, 58, 72

Fregoso, Ottaviano, i, 172, 291, 420; ii, 81, 438; iii, 78 -- defends S. Leo, ii, 14, 24, 25, 59 -- at Urbino, ii, 37, 49, 58, 77 -- given Sta. Agata, ii, 59 -- Doge of Genoa, ii, 59 -- anecdotes of, ii, 48

French invasion of Italy, i, 341-55

Frisio, Niccolò, ii, 71

Friuli, i, 256; ii, 321; iii, 58, 358

Frizzi, ii, 118 note

Frosinone, ii, 448

Fründesberg, Georg v., ii, 445-51; iii, 9

Fucci, Ercole, iii, 310 note

Fucci, Maddolò, iii, 310 note

Fucecchio, i, 423

Fuentes, iii, 132

Fumi, L., _Guidantonio e la Città di Castello_, i, 45 note

Furlo, pass of, iii, 281

Furlo, Pietra Pertusa, ii, 185 note

Fuseli, ii, 460 -- quoted, iii, 336 -- on Michael Angelo, iii, 385

Gabicce, iii, 421

Gabiccie, Count delle, iii, 212

Gabrielli, the, supplanted in Gubbio, i, 22, 37; ii, 232

Gabrielli, Count Carlo, ii, 377; iii, 78

Gaddi, Angelo, ii, 200

Gaeta, ii, 448; iii, 12

Gaetani, house of, i, 28, 331

Gaetani, Cardinal, i, 28

Gaetano, Luigi, iii, 400

Gaetani, Scipione, iii, 488

Gagliardino, Bernardo, iii, 472

Gaifa, iii, 413

Galeato, i, 406

Galileo, iii, 256 -- visits Pesaro, iii, 164

Galler, Calber, iii, 143

Galli, Angelo, iii, 297 -- verse of, ii, 143, 144

Galli, Antonio de, iii, 90, 130, 297 -- at Urbino, iii, 294

Galli, Gallo, i, 168 -- on Oddantonio Montefeltro, i, 52 -- on the cost of palace of Urbino, i, 170

Gallia Senonia, i, 4

Galuzzi, iii, 207

Gambara, Veronica, ii, 65 -- culture of, ii, 128

Gambino, commended to Federigo, i, 228

Gandia, Duke of, i, 320

Gara, Gabriele, ii, 281

Gardner, Mr. E.G., _Dukes and Poets at Ferrara_, i, 269 note, 299 note; iii, 280 note

Gardutia, iii, 413

Garfagna, granted to Ariosto, iii, 284

Garigliano, the, ii, 365 -- rout of, i, 351

Garter, Order of the, i, 223

Gaspari, ii, 62 note -- on fortresses, ii, 213 note

Gathe, Marcial de, i, 312

Gatta, della, ii, 288

Gatti, Alessandro, iii, 423

Gatti, Giovanni, iii, 423

Gatti, Luzio, iii, 423

Gatti, Tiseo, iii, 423

Gattinara and the capitulation of Rome, iii, 23

Gattinara, Mercurino da, letter of, iii, 433

Gaudenzi, iii, 311 note

Gauthiez, _L'Aretin_, iii, 287 note

Gaye, _Carteggio d'Artisti_, i, 156 note, 157 note, 338, 347 note, 350; ii, 23 note, 162 note, 163 note, 170 note, 192 note, 265; iii, 360, 376, 383 note, 385, 388 note, 401 note, 404 note, 410 note -- on Giorgio, ii, 212

Gazzuolo, ii, 451

Gem, expelled by his brother, ii, 293 -- his pension seized, ii, 294 -- at Rome, ii, 294, 297 -- his death, ii, 297

Genga, Bartolomeo della, military engineer, iii, 352, 353

Genga, Cardinal della, iii, 108

Genga, Girolamo della, i, 171 note; ii, 148, 261, 324, 463 note; iii, 77, 101, 108 note, 263, 369, 370, 399 -- builds the Villa Casartole, iii, 50 -- early friends of, iii, 347 -- his _Resurrection_, iii, 348 -- patronised by Dukes of Urbino, iii, 348-52

Genga, Nicolò della, iii, 369

Genga, Simone, iii, 353

Genoa, i, 123, 190, 348; ii, 315, 331 -- Angevine defeat at, i, 135 -- under Ludovico Sforza, i, 341 -- sack of, ii, 59 -- revolution of, iii, 41 -- Doge of, iii, 299

Gentile, Bartolomeo di, ii, 265 note

Gentile, Francesco di, da Fabriano, i, 436; ii, 211 note, 217, 266 -- style of, ii, 191, 198 -- influenced by Fra Angelico, ii, 194, 197 -- his works, ii, 196, 198, 200 -- in Rome, ii, 288

Gerard, M. Auguste, ii, 95 note

Gerbe, ii, 402

Gerini, ii, 44 note

Gerolimini convent, iii, 158

Gessi, Berlinghieri, Bishop of Rimini, Governor of Urbino, iii, 222

Gherardino da Cevi, iii, 78

Gherlasco, ii, 426

Ghetto, the, iii, 17

Ghiaradadda, the, ii, 328

Ghibellines, origin of, i, 5 -- under Count Guido, i, 26 -- feudatories adhere to the, i, 11

Ghirlandaio, Domenico, ii, 229; iii, 335, 487 -- in Rome, ii, 288

Ghirlandaio, Ridolfo, ii, 229, 235

Ghislieri, iii, 343

Giacobatio, Fra, iii, 437

Giacomo, Maestro, i, 161 note, 163

Giacomo della Marca, Fra, ii, 299; iii, 135

Giacomo di San Severino, at Urbino, ii, 200

Gianandrea, A., _Della Signoria di F. Sforza_, i, 90 note -- _Canti Popolari_, iii, 280 note

Giannona, ii, 281

Giberti, ii, 441 note

Gigli, Sylvester, _see_ (Bishop of) Worcester

Ginestreto, ii, 388, 390

Ginguené, ii, 152

Ginori, iii, 414

Gioliti, iii, 276 note

Giolito, press of, iii, 304

Giordani, the, iii, 341

Giordani, Camillo, iii, 136

Giordani, Count Giulio, iii, 212

Giorgi, Alessandro, Greek translator, iii, 259

Giorgi, Dr. Marino, i, 361; ii, 384 note

Giorgio, a lute-player, i, 152

Giorgio, Francesco di, i, 150, 171, 174, 229, 339 note; ii, 265, 272, 365; iii, 260 note -- not the architect of the ducal palace, i, 155, 158 -- describes the stable-range, i, 169 -- his paintings, ii, 211 -- his works as architect, ii, 212, 213 -- his MSS., ii, 215 -- on Duke Federigo, i, 270 -- military engineer, iii, 259

Giorgione, ii, 460; iii, 335, 482

Giornico, i, 337 note

Giotto, ii, 174 -- at Assisi, ii, 180 -- style of, ii, 185, 186 -- his work in Urbino, ii, 200 -- in Rome, ii, 288

_Giovanni della Casa_, i, xxxvii

Giovanni da Forlì, ii, 13

Giovanni, Gaston, Grand Duke of Tuscany, iii, 239

Giovanni da Ravenna, i, 69

Giovanni di Sassoferrato, i, 84

Giovanni da Udine, iii, 370

Giovanni d'Urbino, iii, 378, 437, 441

Giovio, opinions of, i, 96; ii, 29; iii, 71 -- details of, i, 443 -- on Vergilio, ii, 117 -- on the Calandra, ii, 148 -- satire of, ii, 342 -- invents device, ii, 422 -- on Borgia, ii, 459

Giraldi, Annibale, ii, 378

Giraldi, Benedetto, ii, 376, 378, 379, 447; iii, 78

Giraldi, Tranquillo, ii, 369 -- on Francesco Maria I., ii, 339, 348 note, 366, 409 -- describes the taking of Urbino, ii, 378

Girona, Donna Madalena, iii, 135

Giulia Bella, i, xi, 345, 367

Giulia, Duchess of Urbino, marriage of, iii, 65-8 -- death of, iii, 98 -- funeral of, iii, 99 -- a letter from her to her steward, iii, 99

Giulio da Cagli, ii, 468

Giulio of Urbino, iii, 422

Giunta, iii, 183

Giustiniani, _Dispacci_, ii, 316 note

Giusto, diary of, i, 350

Glasgow College, i, xiv

Glassford, James, i, xxxvii note -- translations of, iii, 293, 316, 319, 321, 389, 390

Goito, ii, 370, 409

Golden Fleece, Order of the, bestowed on Guidobaldo II., iii, 111 and note -- bestowed on Francesco Maria II., iii, 158 -- bestowed on the Marquis of Pescara, iii, 180 -- said to have been bestowed on Prince Federigo, iii, 180

Golden Rose, the, i, 221 note

Goletta, iii, 421

Gonfaloniere, significance of the, i, 179 note

Gonsalvo di Cordova, i, 338, 354, 394 -- receives Borgia, ii, 29, 30 -- receives the Golden Rose, ii, 303

Gonzaga, the, i, 253

Gonzaga, Alessandro, Lord of Castiglione, i, 48

Gonzaga, Cardinal, i, 220 -- at Pesaro, ii, 349

Gonzaga, Cecilia, i, 58 note -- accomplishments of, i, 70

Gonzaga, Cesare, ii, 49; iii, 78 -- at Urbino, ii, 58, 77

Gonzaga, Chiara, ii, 449

Gonzaga, Costanza, ii, 72

Gonzaga, Federigo, ii, 394, 401 -- aids Francesco Maria I., ii, 372, 377

Gonzaga, Don Ferrante, patron of Baldi, iii, 268

Gonzaga, Francesco, defends Lodi, ii, 428

Gonzaga, Marquis Gian Francesco, i, 69

Gonzaga, Giovanni, ii, 420

Gonzaga, Isabella, i, 311

Gonzaga, Lauri di, i, 473, 476

Gonzaga, Leonora, ii, 316; _see_ Leonora, Duchess of Urbino

Gonzaga, Ludovico, ii, 265 -- challenged by Gian Giacomo Leonardi, iii, 71 -- letter from him to the Duke Guidobaldo II., iii, 120, 121

Gonzaga, Luigi, suspected of poisoning Francesco Maria I., iii, 71

Gonzaga, Madalena, i, 311

Gonzaga, Margherita, ii, 72

Gonzaga, Ugolino, i, 39

Gordon, _Life of Alexander VI._, ii, 460

Gozzi's Chronicle, iii, 72, 151, 228

Gozzoli, Benozzo, at Assisi, ii, 180

Gradara, i, 23, 144; iii, 351, 407 -- sack of, ii, 377

Gradenigo, Gianpaolo, i, 422

Gradio, Stefano, i, 169; iii, 245

Grafegnana, i, 424

Granarnolo, reduced, ii, 328

Granson, i, 337

Granville, the Right Hon. Thomas, iii, 12 note

Grassis, Paris de, ii, 339 note, 340, 411 note

Gratio, Padre, ii, 5 note

Gratz, iii, 353

Gravina, Duke of, ii, 3, 11

Graziani, i, 54 note

Graziano, Fra, on Giovanni della Rovere, ii, 291, 292

Grecian philosophies, ii, 105

Greek fathers, i, 230

Gregorian Kalendar, iii, 263

Gregorovius, _Lucrezia Borgia_, i, 319 note, 344 note, 396 note; ii, 19 note -- _Geschichte der Stadt Rom_, ii, 19 note -- turned out of the Vatican Library, iii, 248 note

Gregory XII., i, 95 -- supported by Guidantonio, i, 42

Gregory XIII., iii, 81, 114, 141, 157, 360 -- patron of art, iii, 366

Gregory XIV., iii, 164

Gregory XV., death of, iii, 212

Gregory XVI., iii, 175 note

Grifone, Matteo, i, 79

Grimani, Cardinal, ii, 367 -- palace, iii, 358

Grisons, the, ii, 396

Gritti, ii, 412

Gronau, iii, 479 note -- _Titian_, iii, 390 note, 392 note

Grossi, ii, 264; iii, 120 -- Italian patriotism of, ii, 108 -- on Vergilio, ii, 116 -- _Uomini Illustri di Urbino_, iii, 261 note -- on Baldi, iii, 272

Grottoferrata, i, 224, 451; ii, 302

Gruner, Mr. Lewis, i, xliv; ii, 230

Gualandi, ii, 214 note; iii, 386 note

Guarimone, Cristofero, iii, 135

Guarino of Verona, i, 69; ii, 113; iii, 298, 310, 331

Guarini, Battista, patronised by Francesco Maria II., iii, 331-4

Guastalla, Abbot of, i, 149 -- history of, iii, 269 -- Lord of, iii, 268

Guasti, _Lettere_, ii, 73 note

Guasto, Marquis of, iii, 125

Guazzo, Steffano, ii, 54

Gubbio, i, 93, 175, 397, 403; ii, 361, 402, 422 -- coinage of, i, xlii -- Counts and Dukes in, authorities for, i, 22 note -- Montefeltri gain, i, 22, 37 -- palace of, i, 154 -- -- described, i, 171-3 -- court of, i, 206 -- birth of Guidobaldo I. at, i, 296 -- Guidobaldo I. at, i, 362 -- Castiglione at, ii, 52 -- bishops of, ii, 60, 65 -- school of, ii, 188, 189 -- seized by Baglioni, ii, 368 -- returns to Francesco Maria I., ii, 377 -- Vittoria Farnese at, iii, 101 -- Prince Federigo at, iii, 195 -- copper mines of, iii, 229 -- tables of, iii, 268 -- painters of, iii, 380 -- majolica of, iii, 406, 414, 422

Gueldres, Duke of, ii, 321

Guelphs, origin of, i, 5 -- republics adhere to the, i, 11

Guerriero, i, 21, 37, 71 note, 205 note

Guerrini, _Elogio_, ii, 138 note

Guicciardini, Francesco, i, 339; ii, 29, 331; iii, 8 note, 20 and note, 221 -- unreliability of, i, xxxii -- on Alexander VI., i, 318 -- on Italy, i, 321 -- on the French invasion, i, 346 -- on the battle of the Taro, i, 354, 466 -- on Becci, iii, 114 -- on Francesco Maria I., ii, 335, 337 note, 346, 348 note, 366 note -- on the battle of Ravenna, ii, 344 note -- on Francesco Maria I., ii, 400, 425 note, 435, 436, 452, 454; iii, 75, 76 -- career of, ii, 436, 442 -- commands against Charles V., ii, 436-9, 445 -- insulted by Francesco Maria I., ii, 441 -- _Il Sacco di Roma_, iii, 8 note, 20 and note -- on Clement VII., iii, 66 -- galleys preferable to, iii, 257

Guidantonio, Count of Urbino, conquers Castel Durante, i, 23 -- his letter to Siena, i, 38 -- made seigneur of Assisi, i, 42 -- wars against Braccio di Montone, i, 43, 44 -- is made grand constable of Naples, i, 43 -- and vice-general of Romagna, i, 43 -- and Duke of Spoleto, i, 44 -- receives the Golden Rose, i, 45 -- second marriage of, i, 45 -- seizes Castel Durante, i, 46 -- honoured by Florence, i, 45, 46 -- checks in prosperity, i, 46 -- knighted by Sigismund, i, 47, 71 -- piety of, i, 47 -- death of, i, 47 -- character of, i, 47 -- children of, i, 47-9 -- begins library at Urbino, i, 47 note -- patron of letters, ii, 109-11 -- epitaph of, iii, 458

Guido the elder, Count of Urbino, i, 26-35 -- Ghibelline policy of, i, 26 -- conquers Romagna, i, 26 -- senator of Rome, i, 26 -- stratagem at Forlì, i, 26 -- seigneur of Lucca, i, 27 -- excommunicated, i, 28 note -- becomes a Franciscan monk, i, 28, 33 -- his treacherous advice to Boniface VIII., i, 30 -- -- narrated by Dante, i, 30-2 -- -- doubts as to this story, i, 132 -- authorities for life of, i, 32 note -- death and character of, i, 34

Guidobaldo I., Duke of Urbino, i, 24, 253, 289 -- reign of, i, xxxi -- ward of Ottaviano, i, 51 note -- estates devolving on, i, 51 note -- his rules for the library, i, 167 -- completes the palace of Gubbio, i, 172 -- succession of, i, 295, 299, 300 -- authorities for life of, i, 295 note -- birth of, i, 296 -- confirmation of, i, 296 -- his early promise, i, 296-9 -- his first condotta, i, 300 -- in the service of Naples, i, 303 -- -- of the Pope, i, 305 -- his court, i, 309-11, 313 -- his marriage, i, 311 -- impotency of, i, 51 note, 312, 409 -- his gout, i, 344, 370, 377, 378, 417, 419, 421, 424; ii, 28, 32, 38, 42, 78, 79 -- sent against the Orsini, i, 344, 348, 355, 358 -- engaged by Florence, i, 356, 357 -- taken prisoner, i, 360-62 -- goes against Perugia, i, 369 -- engaged against Pisa, i, 370 -- at Bibbiena, i, 370 -- adopts his nephew, i, 371; ii, 36-38, 313, 316 -- visits Venice, i, 377 -- his dominion, i, 380 -- visits Rome, i, 399 -- his first flight from Urbino, i, 401-8 -- at Mantua, i, 408, 422 -- his return, i, 416 -- he again retires, i, 420-4; ii, 300 -- received at Venice, i, 422 -- at Mantua, ii, 14 -- is restored, ii, 23, 231 -- engaged by Venice, ii, 24 -- his difficulties when engaged by Venice, ii, 28, 32 -- his interview with Borgia, ii, 29, 33 -- goes to Rome, ii, 32, 38 -- engaged by Julius, ii, 34, 36 -- made Knight of the Garter, ii, 34, 233, 462-70 -- his domestic life, ii, 35, 43 -- anecdotes of, ii, 47 -- death of, ii, 80-2, 318 -- funeral of, ii, 84-6 -- character of, ii, 86-8 -- patron of Paolo Cortesio, ii, 87 -- patron of Raffaele, ii, 227, 232 -- patron of art, ii, 265; iii, 259, 348, 351 -- portraits of, i, 288; ii, 208, 209, 210, 233, 265; iii, 487 -- patron of letters, ii, 43, 87, 107, 116, 119, 138, 204, 205 -- monumental inscription on, iii, 459

Guidobaldo II., i, xxxi, 159, 161, 284; ii, 112, 357; iii, 265, 289, 352 -- his villa, ii, 33 -- birth of, ii, 360; iii, 87 -- proposed marriage of, ii, 415 -- goes to Venice with his mother, iii, 35 -- left in charge of the state of Urbino, iii, 58 -- marriage of, iii, 65-8 -- gives Monte l'Abbate to Leonardi, iii, 72 -- childhood of, iii, 87, 88 -- his love of horses, iii, 88 -- his claim to the sovereignty of Camerino, iii, 89 -- ceremonial of his succession, iii, 89-92 -- surrenders his rights in Camerino, iii, 92 -- strengthens his position, iii, 93 -- invested by the Doge of Venice as governor of the Republican forces, iii, 97, 98 -- goes to Rome to congratulate Pope Julius III., iii, 102 -- governor of Fano, iii, 102 -- named captain-general of the Church, iii, 104 -- enters the Spanish service, iii, 111 -- invested with the Order of the Golden Fleece, iii, 111 and note -- prepares a discourse on the war against the Turk, iii, 113 -- his great expenses, iii, 113 and note -- visits King Henry III. of France, iii, 122 -- death of, iii, 121 -- funeral of, iii, 121 -- character of, iii, 122-5 -- children of, iii, 125 -- patron of letters, ii, 215; iii, 295, 297 -- employed by Venice, iii, 260 -- patron of Federigo Comandino, iii, 260 -- patron of arts, iii, 356, 358, 398, 399, 404 note, 408, 410, 420, 422, 423, 472 -- portraits of, iii, 356, 479, 484, 485 -- patron of Muzio, iii, 275 -- patron of Tasso, iii, 302-5, 314 -- patron of Titian, iii, 391 note, 393-7 -- portraits of, iii, 392 note, 393, 398 -- inscription on, iii, 460

Guidobaldo del Monte, Marquis, iii, 261 -- devoted to abstruse studies, iii, 262

Guilds, Florentine, i, 16

Guilds, Sienese, i, 16

Guise, Duc de, ii, 401; iii, 110

Guiscard, Robert, i, 323; iii, 31

Guiscard, Roger, i, 323

Guizot, on Italian republics, i, 8

Gunnery, art of, i, 248

Gurk, Cardinal, ii, 296

Guzzoni, Boccalino, i, 306

Hague Museum, iii, 409

Hall, ii, 465, 468

Hallam, Henry, iii, 272

Hamilton Place, ii, 159

Harleian MSS., iii, 88 note

Haro, Don Diego Lopez de, i, 342 note

Hawkwoods, the, i, 333

Heidenheimer, ii, 294 note

Henry II., of France, ii, 406; iii, 62, 103, 110, 263 -- assists the Duke of Parma, iii, 103

Henry III., of France, ii, 406; iii, 122

Henry IV., of France, iii, 182

Henry VII., of England, ii, 117, 233 -- invests Guidobaldo I. with the Garter, ii, 462-70

Henry VIII., ii, 116, 355, 372, 404, 423 -- letters to, ii, 55, 121, 392, 435 note -- allied against Charles V., ii, 435 -- proposes the marriage of Princess Mary with the Duke Guidobaldo II., iii, 89 note

Henry, Prince, son of Francis I., marriage of, iii, 62

Henry of Cologne, ii, 114

Hepburn, Sir Thomas, iii, 416

Herrera, Commendatore, iii, 449

Heywood, William, i, 313 note; ii, 74 note, 153 note -- _Palio and Ponte_, i, 56 note -- _An Unknown Corner of Tuscany_, iii, 109 note

Hill, Mr. G.F., i, xi, xii -- _Pisanello_, ii, 269 note

Hindoo art, ii, 175

Hogarth, ideas of, ii, 171

Hohenstaufen, the, i, 323, 341

Holbein, iii, 487

Hollinshed, ii, 465

Holroyd, _Michael Angelo_, ii, 115 note

Honig, Rodolfo, _Conte Guido di Montefeltro_, i, 32 note

Honorius III., invests the Montefeltri, i, 24 -- invests Bonconte, i, 26

Horace, quoted, i, 175 note

Hustan, Peter, iii, 18

Hussites, persecution of the, i, 96

Hutton, Edward, _Sigismondo Malatesta_, i, 10 note, 17 note, 43 note, 72 note, 75 note, 114 note, 128 note, 192 note, 335 note; ii, 203 note; iii, 63 note -- _Cities of Umbria_, ii, 205 note -- _An Unknown Corner of Tuscany_, iii, 109 note

Il Cerretani, iii, 488

Il Lasca, i, 313 note

Illegitimacy no disgrace, i, 63

Imola, Seigneury of, i, 18, 47, 306, 381; ii, 453 -- bought by Sforza, i, 196 -- purchased by Sixtus IV., i, 225 -- surrendered, i, 238 -- Borgia at, i, 391, 416 -- transferred to Riario, ii, 284

Imperial Casino, iii, 49-51, 107, 158

Imperiale Villa, built by Genga, iii, 349

Incisa, ii, 455

Indulgences belonging to a Corona, iii, 456

Infessura, on Sixtus IV., ii, 287, 290 -- on Julius II., ii, 301

Innocent II., i, 323

Innocent III., ii, 287

Innocent VIII., i, 115, 263; ii, 293, 301, 419 -- succession of, i, 304 -- policy of, i, 304, 314 -- death of, i, 314, 326

Inquisition re-established, iii, 96 and note -- established in Gubbio, iii, 245

Inspruck, i, 337

Ireland, _Hogarth Illustrated_, ii, 171 note

Iron crown of Lombardy, iii, 42, 46

Irving, Mr., i, xiv

Isaacs, Mr. S., iii, 409

Isabella of Mantua, ii, 148

Isabella of Naples, i, 130, 325

Ischia, i, 141; iii, 291 note -- Ferdinand III. at, i, 352

Isola di Fano, i, 404

Isola di Farnese, iii, 21

Isola Forsara, i, 297

Isola, iii, 434 -- siege of, i, 359

Isonzo, i, 256

Italian art, its golden age, i, xxxi; iii, 335-9 -- its continuity, ii, 95 note; iii, 336 note -- definition of, ii, 157 -- observations on, ii, 157-66 -- its modifications in the fifteenth century, ii, 166-83 -- rise of, ii, 157-66 -- classicism in, ii, 168-70; iii, 344 -- decline of, iii, 335, 339-45 -- schools of, _see_ Bolognese, Sienese, Umbrian

Italian ballet, origin of, i, 483 note -- origin of, ii, 150, 152

Italian coinage, i, xli-xliii; iii, 114 note

Italian drama, ii, 147

Italian language, copious, iii, 254, 258, 278; style in letter writing, i, 105 note

Italian literature, its golden age, ii, 93-5 -- its revival, ii, 98-101 -- its tendencies, ii, 101-7 -- poetry, ii, 130-47 -- decline of golden age, iii, 253 -- Spanish influence on, iii, 253-55 -- indirect influence of Reformation on, iii, 257 -- absence of ballad poetry, iii, 279, 280 -- the _rispetto_, iii, 280 note -- pastoral dramas introduced, iii, 297

Italian manners, Spanish domination, fatal to, iii, 254

Italian militia, iii, 61, 94

Italian morals, corruption of, ii, 153-6

Italian nationality, i, 17, 19; iii, 60

Italian portrait medallions, ii, 268-73

Italian progress, 1825-46, i, xxxiv

Italian republics, rise of, i, 6, 7 -- nature of freedom in, i, 8, 15-21 -- political power in, i, 10, 12 -- civilization indebted to, i, 11, 22 -- military power in, i, 13 -- social relations in, i, 13 -- more correctly communes, i, 15 -- list of, in Central Italy, i, 18 -- material advantages of, i, 18

Italian states in 1430, i, 66-8 -- in Central Italy, their condition in 15th century, i, 87, 88 -- after peace of Lodi, i, 182 -- in the absence of the popes, ii, 96, 97

Italian topographers, their absurdity, i, 4

Italian towns, their origin and independence, i, 6, 7; _see_ Italian republics

Italian unity, i, xxxvi; ii, 304, 433 note -- how far practicable, i, 19 -- urged by Nicholas V., i, 107

Italian women, their social position in 16th century, ii, 72-5 -- authorities for, ii, 72 note -- their culture, ii, 128, 129

Italy, modern, horrors of, i, 241 -- the battleground of Europe, i, 321 -- ill prepared for French invasion, i, 341

Ivano, i, 211 note

James III. of Scotland, ii, 115

James IV. of Scotland, ii, 118

Jameson, Mrs., i, xxxix note; iii, 481

Jean, King of Navarre, i, 123, 376

Jean, Count of Boulogne, ii, 405

Jeanne of Valois, i, 373

Jenkins, Mr. H.G., i, xii

Jerome, Abbot, i, 229 note

Jerrold, Miss Maud, iii, 291 note

Jesi, i, 90 -- Braccio, vicar of, i, 45 -- sack of, ii, 395 -- siege of, i, 93

Jews attacked on the birth of Prince Federigo, iii, 174

Joanna of Austria, iii, 358

Joanna I. of Naples, i, 323

Joanna II., i, 68, 81, 324

_John Inglesant_, i, viii

John of Austria, Don, iii, 132, 139-41 -- Armada of, iii, 452-5

John of Bologna, iii, 400

John I. of Saxony, iii, 487

John II. of Anjou, i, 323

John XXII., i, 43

John XXIII., deposed, i, 45

Johnson, Dr., defines a cubit, i, 189 note

Joly, ii, 44 note

Jovius, ii, 327

Julius II., i, 24, 449; ii, 20, 48, 60, 126, 227; iii, 353, 435 -- portrait of, ii, 51 note, 234; iii, 395, 478 -- statue of, ii, 41 note, 42, 244, 338 -- election of, ii, 26, 27, 303 -- policy of, ii, 28, 304-6, 308, 323, 330, 347, 433 note -- favours Guidobaldo I., ii, 32, 38, 39 -- his treatment of Borgia, ii, 27-9 -- charged with nepotism, ii, 36 -- his expedition against Perugia, ii, 39 -- visits Urbino, ii, 39, 40, 42, 77, 231 -- his expedition against Bologna, ii, 39-42 -- employs Bramante, ii, 235, 259, 262-4 -- employs Raffaele, ii, 236-9 -- death of, ii, 239, 350 -- tomb of, ii, 243; 381-6 -- natural children of, ii, 281 -- character of, ii, 301, 302, 304 -- favoured by Sixtus IV., ii, 301 -- persecuted by the Borgia, ii, 301-3 -- patron of art, ii, 306; iii, 345 -- his improvements in Rome, ii, 306 -- his designs on Romagna, ii, 321, 325-30 -- his partiality for the Cardinal of Pavia, ii, 327, 330, 332, 339, 340, 481-3 -- takes the field, ii, 331-5 -- reconciled to Francesco Maria, ii, 343, 347 -- suspects him of treason, ii, 344 -- invests Francesco Maria with Pesaro, ii, 348-50 -- employs Ariosto, iii, 281

Julius III., nominates Guidobaldo II. governor of Fano, iii, 102 -- names Guidobaldo II. captain-general of the Church, iii, 104 -- death of, iii, 104 -- employs Paciotti, iii, 263

Justus of Alemania, ii, 267

Justus of Ghent, i, 205, 231; ii, 209 note, 218 -- at Urbino, ii, 267

Kestner, Commendatore, i, xliv; ii, 409

Kestner Museum, iii, 417 note, 420

Kirkmichael, i, xiii

Knight, Mr. Gaily, _Ecclesiastical Architecture of Italy_, i, 79 note

La Carda, palace of, i, 174

La Cattolica, ii, 349

La Colonella, monastery of, ii, 398

Ladislaus of Naples, i, 43

La Fratta, iii, 424

Lagno, Lucrezia del, i, 111

Lago di Guarda, ii, 409

Lago di Vico, ii, 293

L'Alemano, iii, 487

La Magione, diet of, i, 412, 413; ii, 8

La Magliana, ii, 384, 407, 411

La Marca, i, 33 -- defined, i, xl -- Church rule in, i, 5 -- Sforzan interest in, i, 80, 83 -- insecure tenure of, i, 92 -- danger of, i, 136 -- adventurers in, i, 306

Lamartine, on political progress, i, 8

Lamole, ii, 389; iii, 201 -- iron mines of, iii, 229

La Molinella, battle of, i, 187, 189

Lanci, Cornelio, iii, 295

Lancia, the, i, 335

Lancia, Baldassare, iii, 352

Landino, Cristoforo, i, 228; ii, 145

Landriano, ii, 424

Landriano, Ambrogio, iii, 78

Landriani, Francesco, iii, 131

Lanfranco, Giacomo, iii, 410, 411

Lanfranco, Girolamo, iii, 411, 421, 472

Lanfranco, Ludovico, iii, 421

Lannoy, Don Carlos de, iii, 427, 448 -- commands the allies, ii, 426 -- advances on Rome, ii, 448 -- treats with Bourbon, ii, 453 -- death of, ii, 23-5

Lansius, ii, 24

Lansquenets, the introduction of, i, 338; ii, 445-8 -- in Rome, iii, 437

Lante, Villa, ii, 240

Lanti, Marc Antonio, iii, 82

Lanz, _Correspondenz des Kaisers Carl V._, iii, 27 note

Lanzani's _St. d. Communi Italiani_, i, 6 note

Lanzi, ii, 184, 189, 200; iii, 350, 404 note -- on Francesca, ii, 203 -- refuted, ii, 216; iii, 377

Laocoon, ii, 306

La Pergola, i, 23, 92, 415; ii, 213, 389, 395-413; iii, 63, 123 -- given to Count Federigo, i, 119

Lapidusa, iii, 123

La Puglia, iii, 39

Lascaris, Constantine, ii, 62, 128

La Serra, i, 403

La Stellata, i, 51 note, 262, 264, 267

La Storta, ii, 420

Lateran, iii, 377

Laurana, Lorenzo, i, 171 note

Lauranna, Luziano, i, 150; ii, 260 note -- architect of palace at Urbino, i, 155 -- patent in favour of, i, 156 -- death at Pesaro, i, 157

Laureani, Monsignore, i, xliii; ii, 460; iii, 176 note

Laureo, Vincenzo, iii, 50

Lautrec, ii, 364, 409, 410, 412, 423; iii, 299 -- General, advances on Naples, iii, 38, 39 -- death of, iii, 39

La Vanosia, i, 320; ii, 168 note

Laverna, ii, 178

Lawrence collection, the, ii, 259

Lazzaro, Maestro, i, 230

Lazzari, i, 226 -- on the palace at Urbino, i, 154 -- Italian patriotism of, ii, 108 -- on Bramante, ii, 260 -- _Uomini Illustri del Piceno_, iii, 265 -- _Dictionary of Artists_ iii, 346, 458

Lazzarini, _Memorie Storiche dei Conti di Urbino_, i, 61 note -- on cathedral of Urbino, i, 171 note

Lee, Vernon, _Euphorion_, ii, 153 note

Lega, Bacci della, iii, 287 note

Leghorn, i, 241, 330

Legnano, i, 262 -- fortress of, iii, 55

Leicester, Robert, Earl of, iii, 361

Leini, Admiral di, iii, 131, 139

Leland, ii, 117

Lennox, Earl of, i, xiii; i, 348

Lenzuoli, Giuffredo, i, 317

Lenzuoli, Roderigo, _see_ Borgia

Leo III., ii, 237

Leo IV., ii, 237

_Leo X._, i, xxxix note

Leo X., i, xxxii, 327; ii, 54, 64, 239, 281, 285, 287, 436; iii, 382, 408 -- Petrucci's conspiracy against, ii, 17, 115 note, 357-62, 391 -- Castiglione at court of, ii, 53 -- patron of the drama, ii, 148 -- policy of, ii, 307-9, 392, 397, 407 -- election of, ii, 351, 353 -- character of, ii, 352 -- nepotism of, ii, 358, 364 -- intrigues against Urbino, ii, 89, 341, 360-90, 392-410; iii, 281 -- his devices to raise money, ii, 392, 404 -- supports Charles V., ii, 408 -- death of, ii, 411 -- receives Ariosto, iii, 282, 284

Leo XII., iii, 352

Leonardi, Antenore, memoirs of, iii, 21 note, 36 note

Leonardi, Gian Giacomo, iii, 35, 36 note, 71, 72, 77, 79, 264, 265 -- on Francesco Maria I., ii, 441, 447, 451; iii, 79 -- challenges Gonzaga, iii, 71 -- made Count of Monte l'Abbate, iii, 72

Leonetti, _Papa Alessandra VI._, ii, 19 note

Leoni, i, xxx, xxxii, 401, 449; ii, 427; iii, 68 note, 71, 76 note -- on Guicciardini, ii, 436

Leoni, Gian Battista, iii, 274 note

Leonora, Duchess of Ferrara, at Rome, ii, 285 note

Leonora, Duchess of Urbino, i, 267 note; ii, 232; iii, 348 -- marriage of, ii, 89, 323-5 -- portrait of, ii, 325 -- letters to, ii, 388 -- returns to Pesaro, ii, 421 -- in Venice, iii, 35 -- at the coronation of Charles V., iii, 44-6 -- builds a palace, iii, 50 -- entertains Clement VII., iii, 52 -- portrait of, iii, 52, 62, 80, 391 note, 393, 470, 479 -- character of, iii, 51-3 -- death of, iii, 80 -- children of, iii, 80

Leonora, Queen of Hungary, ii, 301

Leopardi, iii, 330 note

Lepanto, battle of, iii, 330, 344, 374

Leopold of Austria, iii, 211

Lérin, Count de, ii, 30

Le Sage, iii, 287

Leyva, Antonio della, surprises Pavia, iii, 40, 45

Liguria, i, 109

Lillio, Andrea, iii, 378

Lindsay, Lord, i, xviii, xxxix note; ii, 266

L'Ingegno, Andrea, ii, 244

Lione, Suares de, ii, 381-3

Lipsius, ii, 124, 437

Lira, Nicolò de, i, 166

Lisini, _Cesare Borgia_, ii, 11 note

Litta, Count, i, 55; ii, 59; iii, 123

Liverotto da Fermo, i, 412, 413 -- murdered at Sinigaglia, ii, 3, 4

Livia, Duchess of Urbino, iii, 477 -- birth of iii, 82 -- marriage of, iii, 170, 171 -- letter from her to Princess Vittoria, iii, 236 -- retirement of, iii, 239

Lloyd, Humphrey, ii, 117

Loches, Castle of, i, 385, 471

Lodi, ii, 424; iii, 77, 450 -- peace of, i, 107, 123, 182 -- capitulation of, ii, 428 -- army of the League at, ii, 435

Lomazzo, ii, 203, 265

Lombardy, defined, i, xxxix -- in 1430, i, 67 -- Iron crown of, iii, 42, 46

Francesco Maria I., in, iii, 58, 70

Lonato, Pier-Antonio, iii, 131

London, treaty of, ii, 372

Lonno, ii, 409

Loredano, Leonardo, i, 256, letter to, i, 422

Lorenzo, Fiorenzo di, ii, 199 note

Lorenzo da Ceri; _see_ Renzo

Loreto, ii, 335, 379; iii, 350, 360, 411 -- cathedral of, ii, 286 -- church of, iii, 353 -- drug-vases of, iii, 411 -- Madonna of, iii, 176, 418

Loretto, i, 47 -- Lady of, i, 125

Lorraine, Cardinal of, iii, 395

Lo Spagna, ii, 226 note

Louis I., i, 323

Louis II., i, 324

Louis III., i, 324

Louis VIII., i, 323

Louis XI., of France, i, 324, 373 -- employs the Swiss, i, 337

Louis XII., i, 400; ii, 11, 39, 303, 314, 449 -- schemes of, ii, 330 -- ambition of, i, 371 -- succession of, i, 372 -- designs on Naples, i, 372, 375, 393 -- divorce of, i, 373 -- meets Cesare Borgia, i, 412 -- court of, i, 470 -- suggests _Il Cortegiano_, ii, 119 -- receives Francesco Maria, ii, 315 -- supports Venice, ii, 321 -- his designs on Milan, ii, 358 -- death of, ii, 360

Louis XIV., iii, 339

Louvre, the, iii, 385, 415 -- Raffaeles in the, ii, 232

Lovranna, Martini of, i, 155

Lower Italy, defined, i, xxxix

Loyola, doctrines of, ii, 10

Lucano Bridge, i, 133

Lucarelli, _Memorie e Guida di Gubbio_, i, 71 note

Lucas, Mr. E.V., his preference for della Francesca, ii, 210 note

Lucca, i, 424; iii, 263 -- sold to Florence, i, 67 -- Bishop of, ii, 280 -- Gian-Francesco, ii, 282

Lucrezia, Princess of Aragon, i, 311

Lucrezia, Duchess of Urbino, iii, 308, 334 -- marriage of, iii, 135-9 -- separated from her husband, iii, 153-5 -- character of, iii, 154 -- death of, iii, 165 -- and Tasso, iii, 314

Ludovico, Count of Mirandola, ii, 335 note

Ludovico, Maestro, i, 247

Ludovisi satyr, iii, 385

Lugo, i, 258; ii, 349, 413

Luini, iii, 335

Lumisden, Andrew, i, xvii

Lunà, iii, 125

Lungo, Del, ii, 67 note, 73 note

Luzio, ii, 23 note, 70 note, 84 note, 119 note; iii, 287 note -- _Vittoria Colonna_, iii, 291 note

Luzio e Renier, ii, 44 note, 318 note, 324, 355 note -- _Mantova e Urbino_, iii, 51 note

Luzzatto, ii, 319 note

Lyon, Lord, i, xiv

Lyons, i, 470; ii, 152, 303, 315

Macaulay, ii, 424 -- on coinage, i, xliii

Maccione of Fossombrone, ii, 379

Macerata, i, 142; iii, 353, 354

Machiavelli, Nicolò, i, 209, 251, 267 note, 374 note, 415; ii, 27 -- plans civic militia, i, 15 -- on the battle of Anghiara, i, 77 -- _Istorie_, i, 95 note, 96 note, 106 note, 184 note -- describes Italy under Eugene IV., i, 96 -- on Colleone, i, 185 note -- on battle of La Molinella, i, 188 -- on Galeazzo Maria Sforza i, 234 -- on Alexander VI., i, 319 note -- on the _condottieri_, i, 106, 334; ii, 424, 425 note -- on Borgia, i, 390, 321 -- on the Romagna, i, 398 note -- on the massacre of Sinigaglia, ii, 4, 8 -- _Legazione al Valentino_, ii, 10 note -- on Bibbiena, ii, 67 note -- his _Principe_, ii, 120 -- comedies of, ii, 147 -- death of, iii, 38

Maciola, votive picture of, ii, 403

Madama, Villa, ii, 240

Madiai, Federico, ii, 5 note, 24 note, 37 note, 39 note, 40 note, 80 note -- _Le Marche_, i, 58 note, 63 note -- _Commentari_, i, 295 note -- his _Diario_, i, 401 note -- _Il Giornale di Paciotto_, iii, 236 note -- on Baldi, iii, 266 note

Madonna in art, ii, 180-3

Madrid, Francesco Maria II. at, iii, 132-4, 136 -- Zuccaro in, iii, 361 -- Castiglione at iii, 448-51

Maggieri, Cesare, iii, 378

Magione, i, 113

Magliabechiana Library, Florence, i, xxx; iii, 155, 240, 383 note

Magliano, i, 131, 217; ii, 240

Magusano, ii, 412

Mahomet II., i, 106, 256; ii, 293

Mai, Cardinal, ii, 118; iii, 269

Maitani, ii, 187 note

Maitland, Mr. Fuller, ii, 232

Maiuola, i, 78, 144 -- surrender of, i, 411 -- surprised, ii, 13 -- siege of, ii, 369 -- given to Florence, ii, 406, 420 -- restored, ii, 456

Majolica, authorities for, iii, 404 -- origin of, iii, 405 -- made at Urbino, iii, 406 -- made at Pesaro, iii, 406, 408-12, 416 -- made at Gubbio, ii, 406 -- mottoes on, iii, 416, 417 -- processes of, iii, 409 -- qualities of, iii, 410 -- drug-vases of Loreto, iii, 411 -- uses of, iii, 416, 418, 474 -- artists of, iii, 413, 419-24 -- decline of, iii, 412 -- collections of, iii, 408 note, 411, 415-7, 421 -- prices of, iii, 424 -- artists in, petition Guidobaldo II., iii, 472

Malalbergo, i, 473

Malatesta, the, i, 333 -- plural form, Florentine, i, 71 note -- arms of, i, 71 note, 76 note -- legitimation of the, i, 10 -- sway of, i, 17 -- seigneuries of, i, 18, 75 -- fief of, i, 75 -- their devolution to the Holy See, i, 179, 195 -- medallions of, ii, 99

Malatesta, Antonia, i, 75 note

Malatesta, Carlo, i, 380, 388 -- legitimises his brother's children, i, 10 note -- prisoner of di Montone, i, 43 note -- ransom of, i, 43

Malatesta degli Sonetti, i, 40, 83, 427

Malatesta, Domenico Novello, Lord of Cesena, i, 48, 75 note, 145 -- death of, i, 180 -- patron of letters, i, 140 note; ii, 100

Malatesta, Elisabetta, Lady of Camerino, i, 41, 216, 299 note -- carried off from her convent, i, 411

Malatesta, Galeazzo, Lord of Pesaro, i, 39, 83, 84 -- expelled, i, 40 -- sells Fossombrone, i, 23, 90 -- sells Pesaro, i, 40, 89

Malatesta, Galeotto, Lord of Rimini, i, 45 -- legitimised, i, 10 note, 75 note, 290 -- captive of Braccio, i, 43 note -- patrimony of, i, 83

Malatesta, Ginevra, iii, 298

Malatesta, Giovanni, i, 140

Malatesta, Isotta, i, 71 note, 77, 191, 192 note -- resists Paul II., i, 195 -- death of, i, 192 note, i, 196 note

Malatesta, Pandolfo, ii, 420

Malatesta, Rainiero, i, 71, note

Malatesta, Rengarda, i, 45

Malatesta, Roberto, i, 137, 299 note; iii, 410 -- gains influence at Naples, i, 111 -- surrenders Fano, i, 143 -- seizes Cesena, i, 180 -- supposed murderer of Isotta, i, 192 note, 196 note -- marriage of, i, 194 note, 203 -- covets Rimini, i, 192 note, 195 -- re-establishes Malatestan sovereignty, i, 200 -- invested by Sixtus IV., i, 202 -- his title of Magnifico, i, 203 note -- deserts to the Florentines, i, 247 -- commands ecclesiastical forces, i, 260 -- death of, i, 269 -- marriage of, i, 289 -- his children, i, 380

Malatesta, Sallustio, i, 195

Malatesta, Sigismondo Pandolfo, ii, 420; iii, 408 -- legitimised, i, 10 note -- Lord of Rimini, i, 388; ii, 425 note -- arms of, i, 193 -- receives Golden Rose, i, 45 note -- corrupts Duke Oddantonio, i, 53, 89 -- knighted by Sigismund, i, 71 note -- his contest with Duke Federigo, i, 75-80, 83, 93-9 -- marriage of, i, 80 -- challenges Duke Federigo, i, 83 -- his perfidy, i, 98, 99, 100 -- his interviews with Duke Federigo, i, 99, 110, 119 -- bought over by Sforza, i, 103 -- treachery to Alfonso, i, 109 -- intrigues with Naples, i, 111 -- humbled by Federigo, i, 112 -- supported by Sforza, i, 114 -- reproved by Pius II., i, 117 -- seizes Mondavio, i, 131 -- burnt in effigy, i, 132 -- defeated at Cesano, i, 137 -- allied with Venice, i, 141, 142 -- loses many Rimini fiefs, i, 144 -- humiliation of, i, 145 -- his losses, i, 146 -- his campaign in the Morea, i, 194 -- death of, i, 191, 194, 195 -- character of, i, 191-4 -- patron of letters, i, 191-4; ii, 98, 99, 133 -- patron of arts, i, 17 note, 191-4; ii, 43 -- portrait of, i, 193; ii, 208 -- Dennistoun's mistakes concerning, i, 114 note, 192 note

Malatesta, Violante, i, 180

Malavolti, _Historia_, i, 98 note

Malcolm, Earl of Lennox, i, xiii

Maldonato, ii, 380 -- treason of, ii, 393-5

Malines, treaty of, ii, 355

Malombra, the, house of, i, 424

Malpiedi, the, iii, 379

Malvasia, ii, 216; iii, 419

Mammarelli, Domenico, iii, 53 note

Mammiani, Count Francesco Maria, iii, 196, 212, 214

Manara, Ricci, ii, 265 note

Mancini, ii, 203 note

Manerola, Teodora, ii, 281

Manfred, i, 323

Manfredi, the, i, 258 -- Faenza, Seigneury of, i, 18

Manfredi, Astorre, i, 109, 381; ii, 10 -- Lord of Faenza, deserts to Venetians, i, 186 -- strangled, i, 389

Manfredi, Guidantonio, i, 47, 53 -- marriage of, i, 74

Manfredi, Ottaviano, i, 381

Manfredi, Taddeo, i, 236 note; ii, 284 -- surrenders Imola, i, 238

Manfredonia, i, 247

Manso, iii, 312, 327

Mantegna, Andrea, i, 347; ii, 200, 217, 265 -- portrait ascribed to, i, 286 -- on Gem, ii, 297

Mantua, i, 44; ii, 409; iii, 311 -- Marquis of, i, 48, 247, 311; ii, 51; iii, 26, 304 -- congress at, i, 116, 124 -- defends Ferrara, i, 259 -- Federigo at, i, 264 -- Guidobaldo I. at, i, 406, 408 -- Marchioness of, iii, 18, 431 -- palace of, iii, 352

Manutius, Aldus, i, 449; ii, 87

Maramaldo, Cardinal, i, 42 note

Marc Antonio, burin of, ii, 240; iii, 287, 409

Marcellus II., iii, 104, 260

Marchese, Padre, i, 287

Marchesini, ii, 74 note

Marciana, Caterina, ii, 280

Marcolini, _St. d. Prov. di Pesaro e Urbino_, i, 54 note

Marcone, iii, 442

Marcucci, ii, 292, note -- _Francesco Maria I._, ii, 313 note

Maremma, the, i, 98, 103 -- campaign in, i, 103-6

Margaret of Austria, marriage of, iii, 93 -- her influence with Paul III., iii, 93

Margaretta of Bavaria, i, 311

Margaritone, style of, ii, 186

Maricourt, _Le Procès des Borgia_, ii, 19 note

Mariello, ii, 44 note

Marignano, ii, 439 -- battle of, ii, 363

Marino, i, 330; iii, 291 note

Marini, ii, 14, 204 note -- Benedetto, iii, 380 -- _Saggio di ragioni della città di S. Leo_, i, 78 note; iii, 184

Mariotti, Signor, his _Italy_, i, xxxi, 21 note; ii, 277 note; iii, 25 note, 48 note, 253 note -- his mistakes, i, xxxi -- on republicanism, i, 20 -- on Malatesta, i, 191

Marliani, ii, 51 note, 470

Marryat, _History of Pottery and Porcelain_, iii, 404 note -- on majolica, iii, 411, 415, 416, 421, 423

Marsciano, Nardo da, i, 126

Marseilles, i, 124, 348, 373

Marso, Paola, i, 228

Martin IV., i, 26; iii, 181

Martin V., i, 40; ii, 291 -- creates countship of Castel Durante, i, 23 -- arrives in Italy, i, 44 -- his difficulties, i, 44, 45 -- death of, i, 46 -- legitimises Duke Federigo, i, 62 -- letter to, i, 428

Martinate, ii, 51 note

Martinengo, ii, 425; iii, 77

Martini, Simone, ii, 185 note, 188 note; iii, 336 note

Martino of Siena, i, 152; ii, 212

Maruccelli MSS., iii, 229 note, 240 note, 246 note

Mary, Queen of England, iii, 303

Marza, Ventura, iii, 378

Marzio, at S. Leo, ii, 14

Masaccio, ii, 172, 187, 199, 208 -- in Rome, ii, 288

Mascherino, iii, 485

Maso di Bosco, iii, 385

Massa, i, 3; ii, 389

Massa collection, iii, 416, 417, 424

Massa Trabaria, ii, 368 -- obtained by the Montefeltri, i, 23

Massa Vaccareccia, i, 51 note

Masse, ii, 27 note, 298 note -- on the papacy, i, 316

Massa Carrara, iii, 81

Massini, Domenico de', iii, 6, 431

Mastei, Antonio, i, 173

Matarazzo, _Chronicle of Perugia_, i, 369 note

Matelica, iii, 68

Matilda, Countess, donations of, i, 5, 12

Mattei Palace, iii, 356

Mavorelli, Signor, iii, 424

Maximilian, Emperor, ii, 343, 407 -- organises the _lanzknechts_, i, 331 -- supports Il Moro, i, 353 -- enters Italy, ii, 321

Maximilian II., iii, 132

Mazio, _Relazione a Urbano VIII._, i, 78 note

Mazzatinti, Prof. Giuseppe, i, 22 note, 35 note -- _Cronaca_, i, 23 note -- _Di alcune legge_, i, 23 note -- _Documenti_, ii, 190 note

Mazzola, i, 209

Mazzoni, Giacomo, iii, 122, 135, 318 note -- his funeral oration on Guidobaldo II., iii, 122 -- _Vittoria Colonna_, iii, 291 note

Mazzuchelli, i, 191 note; ii, 51 note; iii, 294

M'Crie, Dr., iii, 276

Medici, the, allies of, i, 243, 247 -- expelled from Florence, i, 349-50; iii, 43 -- scheme to re-enter Florence, i, 370, 393 -- patrons of art and letters, ii, 43, 99 -- return to Florence, ii, 347; iii, 43 -- visit Urbino, ii, 351

Medici, Alessandro de', Duke of Florence, marriage of, iii, 62

Medici, Caterina de', ii, 152, 406, 414 note, 415; iii, 34, 391 note -- marriage of, iii, 62

Medici, Clarice de', ii, 53, 365

Medici, Cosimo de', _Pater Patriæ_, i, 92 -- Ruler of Florence, i, 98 -- library of, i, 163 -- on crusade of Pius II., i, 177 -- death of, i, 184 -- adopts Platonic philosophy, ii, 105

Medici, Cosimo I. de', iii, 111, 198

Medici, Francesco Maria, Cardinal de', iii, 239 -- letters to, iii, 137-9

Medici, Giovanni de', i, 381, 384; ii, 384; iii, 76

Medici, Giovanni, _delle Bande nere_, i, 384; ii, 414, 416, 436, 438; iii, 288, 431 -- death of, ii, 446

Medici, Giovanni Gaston, iii, 239

Medici, Giuliano de', i, 238 -- murder of, i, 235 note, 240

Medici, Giuliano de', ii, 53, 127; iii, 78, 283 -- life of, ii, 56, 57 -- at Urbino, ii, 56, 57, 232, 351, 361 -- his influence with Leo X., ii, 56 -- as a poet, ii, 57 note -- portrait of, ii, 234 -- reconciled with Julius II., ii, 329 -- aspires to Naples, ii, 358-65 -- death of, ii, 365 -- monument of, iii, 389

Medici, Cardinal Giulio de', ii, 414, 416, _see_ Clement VII.

Medici, Cardinal Ippolito, ii, 57

Medici, Cardinal Lorenzo de', ii, 233

Medici, Lorenzo de', the Magnificent, i, 51 note, 157, 185, 209, 262, 299; iii, 409 -- gardens of, i, 174 note -- attempted murder of, i, 235 note, 240-3 -- in favour with Sixtus IV., i, 237 -- policy of, i, 238, 251 -- excommunicated, i, 242 -- appeals to Ferdinand, i, 252 -- defends Ferrara, i, 259, 263 -- intrigues of, i, 307 -- death of, i, 326 -- tutor of, ii, 113 -- supports Platonism, iii, 34, 256

Medici, Lorenzo de', Duke of Urbino, character of, ii, 365 -- gains and loses Urbino, ii, 367-80 -- challenged by Francesco Maria I., ii, 381-3 -- shot at Mondolfo, ii, 385 -- marriage of, ii, 405 -- letter to, from Wolsey, ii, 484 -- at Urbino, iii, 283 -- monument of, iii, 389

Medici, Madalena de', i, 331

Medici, Mary de', iii, 488

Medici, Pasqualino de', ii, 57

Medici, Pietro de', i, 184, 185, 195, 201; iii, 389 -- succession of, i, 327 -- frustrates negotiations for Italian league, i, 328 -- surrenders Sarzana, i, 349 -- expelled, i, 350

Medicine, science of, in 15th century, i, 313 note

Medina del Campo, ii, 30

Meldola, i, 27, 406; ii, 453 -- ceded to Roberto Malatesta, i, 180

Mellara, i, 262

Melozzo da Forlì, ii, 210, 218, 260 -- his work, ii, 290

Mende, bishop of, ii, 282 note

Mercatello, Countship of, i, 18, 63; iii, 201, 400 -- obtained by the Montefeltri, i, 23 -- palace of, i, 174 -- built by Giorgio, ii, 213 -- S. Francesco, ii, 201, 208

Mercatello, Francesco di, ii, 265 note

Merlini, Guido, iii, 422

Merula, Giorgio, ii, 51 note

Messina, ii, 62; iii, 452

Metauro river, the, iii, 321, 413

Mez de Silva, Ruggo, iii, 133

Michelotto, Don, i, 395, 415, 418; ii, 21 -- at Sinigaglia, ii, 4, 11; iii, 63

Michiels, ii, 268

Milan, i, 37, 67 -- accepts Sforza as duke, i, 97 -- court of, i, 121 -- defends Ferrara, i, 259 -- Charles VIII. at, i, 348 -- siege of, ii, 282, 425 -- taken by Francis I., ii, 431 -- held by Sforza, ii, 435, 437-41 -- restored to the Sforza, ii, 346, 410 -- Ariosto at, iii, 281

Milesio, Maestro Benedetto, iii, 73

Militia instituted by the Duke Francesco Maria I., iii, 61, 94

Milton, John, iii, 327

Minims, order of Friars, iii, 182, 224, 225, 240, 243

Minio, despatches of, ii, 277, 384, 392, 399, 404 -- his conversation with Leo X., ii, 395-7, 400, 404

Minzocchi, Francesco, iii, 350

Mirafiori, iii, 180

Mirandola, Pico della, i, 313 note

Mirandola, siege of, ii, 305, 334, 335

Modena, i, 381; ii, 362, 397; iii, 23, 37, 164 -- capture of, ii, 345 -- purchase of, ii, 359

Modula, Bishop of, on the sack of Rome, iii, 429

Mola di Gaeta, i, 330

Molinella, battle of, i, 339

Molini, ii, 408 note, 445 note -- _Documenti_, iii, 25 note

Molino, Ludovico del, ii, 211 note

Molmenti, ii, 73 note

Molza, Monsignor, i, 446; iii, 275

Monaldin, Victoria de, i, 435

Moncada, Don Ugo de, i, 418; ii, 396, 401; iii, 27, 442, 451 -- succeeds Lannoy, iii, 25 -- intrigues with Colonna, ii, 426, 444, 453

Moncenigo, iii, 113, 464 -- on Guidobaldo I., ii, 88 -- on Francesco Maria II., iii, 135, 136 -- on Lucrezia d'Este, iii, 136

Mond, Mr. Ludwig, ii, 224 note

Mondaino, i, 23, 140; ii, 292

Mondavio, i, 23, 119, 131; ii, 213, 291 -- passes to della Rovere, i, 222

Mondolfo, i, 137, 144; ii, 213, 291, 378; iii, 160, 199 -- siege of, ii, 384-7

Monopoli, i, 394

Monreale, Cardinal of, i, 345 -- Archbishop of, iii, 162

Montaigne on Tasso, iii, 326

Montalto, ii, 213

Mont'Amiata, iii, 109 note

Montanari, iii, 404 note

Montano, Cola, i, 234

Montano, Marco, iii, 295, 298

Monte Asdrualdo, ii, 260

Montebaroccio, ii, 211 note, 380, 388; iii, 262 -- sack of, ii, 383

Monte Bartolo, ii, 357, 388; iii, 49

Montebello, Count of, iii, 150

Monte Berticchio, iii, 182

Montecalvo, i, 418

Monte, Cardinal del, iii, 432

Monte Carlo, i, 423

Monte Carpegna, i, 160

Monte Catria, i, 160; ii, 78

Monte del Cavallo, i, 160

Montechio, iii, 80

Montecirignone, ii, 213

Monte Copiolo, i, 25, 405

Monte Corciano, iii, 180

Montefabri, Castle of, iii, 264

Montefalcone, Serafino da, i, 126

Montefeltrano, invested Count by Barbarossa, i, 25

Montefeltro, ii, 389 -- see of, ii, 314 -- given to Florence, ii, 406 -- plunder of, ii, 415

Montefeltro, Counts of, beneficent sway of the, i, 17 -- receive investiture of Urbino, i, 18, 22 -- supplant Ceccardi in Cagli, i, 22, 37 -- supplant Gabrielli in Gubbio, i, 22, 37 -- created by Barbarossa, i, 24, 25 -- arms of, i, 25 note, 76 note -- Ghibelline principles of, i, 24-6, 35 -- feuds of, i, 35 -- patrons of letters, ii, 98, 107, 109 -- patrons of art, ii, 192

Montefeltro, house of, antiquity of, i, 124 -- branches of, i, 25

Montefeltro, Agnesina di, i, 48, 289; ii, 419; iii, 291 -- marriage of, i, 222

Montefeltro, Anna, Aura, or Laura di, i, 39, 49 -- marriage of, i, 39 note

Montefeltro, Antonio di, i, 61 note, 290, 355, 466; ii, 47 note, 75 -- legitimation of, i, 120 -- knighted by Ferdinand, i, 223

Montefeltro, Battista, _see_ Battista, Countess of Urbino -- _see_ Sforza

Montefeltro, Battista di, her marriage, i, 39 -- marriage contract of, i, 40 note -- her accomplishments, i, 39, 122, 216; ii, 129 -- becomes a nun, i, 40 -- descent of, i, 41 -- death of, i, 90 -- sonnets of, i, 428

Montefeltro, Bernardino, i, 120, 291

Montefeltro, Bianca, Lady of Faenza, i, 47

Montefeltro, Brigida, Sueva di, unhappy marriage of, i, 48 note -- becomes a Franciscan abbess, i, 48 note -- articles taken by her into the convent, i, 433

Montefeltro, Buonconte, i, 120, 290

Montefeltro, Caterina, Princess of Salerno, i, 255

Montefeltro, Chiara, i, 290

Montefeltro, Costanza, i, 290

Montefeltro, Elisabetta, or Isabella, i, 289 -- marriage of, i, 203

Montefeltro, Gentile, i, 291; ii, 58

Montefeltro, Giovanna di, i, 222, 289; ii, 282, 291, 419 -- escapes from Sinigaglia, ii, 300

Montefeltro, Guido Ubaldo, _see_ Guidobaldo I., Duke of Urbino

Montefeltro, Violante di, Lady of Cesena, i, 48, 58 note, 290 -- assumed rights of, i, 76

Montefiascone, iii, 5

Montefiore, i, 423 -- counts of, i, 51 note -- siege of, i, 140

Monte Giordano, ii, 21

Monte l'Abbate, iii, 265

Montelocco, i, 77

Monte Luce, nuns of, ii, 230

Monteluro, battle of, i, 82

Monte Mario, iii, 21

Monte Nerone, i, 160

Monterosi, iii, 34

Monte Rotondo, iii, 21

Monte Sansovino, siege of, i, 244, 246, 247

Montevarchi, iii, 9

Montevecchio, Count of, i, 404

Montferrat, Marquis of, i, 260

Monti, Pietro, ii, 71

Montjoy, Lord, i, 224

Montoni, the, i, 333

Montorio, Count of, iii, 109

Montpellier, ii, 234

Montpensier, i, 355 -- Gilbert, Count de, ii, 449

Montucla, on Comandino, iii, 262

Monzoni, ii, 123

Morat, i, 337

Morata, Olympia, iii, 125

Morea, the, i, 194

Moresca, the, ii, 49

Moresino, Alessandro, iii, 429

Morgarten, i, 337

Mori, Allegra di, i, 75 note

Morici, iii, 122, note

Morpurgo, ii, 73 note -- _Girolamo Muzio_, iii, 274 note

Morsolin, ii, 63 note -- _Pietro Bembo_, ii, 119 note

Mortara, ii, 47

Morton, Rev. John, i, 456 note

Muccioli, the, iii, 90

Muglione, Luchina, children of, ii, 277-80

Mulazzano, attack on, i, 197

Munaxho, Padre Ludovico, iii, 226

Muntz, ii, 203 note, 220 note

Murano, iii, 346 note

Muratori, i, 211 note, 248 note, 317 note, 345 note; ii, 18, 203 note, 435; iii, 153 -- _Annali_, i, 21 note, 37 note, 54 note, 98 note -- _Life of Nicholas V._, i, 165 note -- Scriptores of, ii, 115, 133 -- on the battle of Cesano, i, 136 note -- and Filippi, ii, 119 -- on Sixtus IV., ii, 284, note -- on Francesco Maria I., ii, 413 -- computes Bourbon's army, iii, 8 -- on Clement VII., iii, 66

Murcia, kingdom of, i, 317

Murillo, iii, 406 -- piety of, ii, 163

Murray, Isabella Katherina, i, xiv, xvii

Murray, James Wolfe, i, xiv, xvii

Muzio, Girolamo, i, xxx, xxxii, 32 note, 134, 181 note, 185, 198, 449; iii, 139, 143-8 -- on Duke Federigo, i, 109, 140 note, 174, 226, 276; ii, 111 -- detailed history of, i, 149 -- on the Court of Urbino, i, 152 -- on battle of La Molinella, i, 188 note -- on battle of Rimini, i, 199 -- mistakes of, i, 214 note -- on the Countess Battista, i, 219 -- letter from him to Francesco Maria II., iii, 144-8 -- career of, iii, 275 -- works of, iii, 276 -- at Urbino, iii, 294

Muzio of Giustinopoli, iii, 130

Naldio, verse of, ii, 146

Naldo of Florence, i, 228

Nanni, Bernardino di, ii, 191

Naples, kingdom of, i, xl, 26; ii, 261, 302; iii, 299, 300, 321 -- in 1430, i, 68 -- Angevine claimants of, i, 102, 123, 129-41, 372 -- Charles VIII. enters, i, 352 -- conquered by Louis XII., i, 393 -- disputed succession to, i, 322-25 -- panic in, i, 351 -- recovered, i, 354 -- Lautrec's advance on, iii, 38, 39 -- siege of by the French, iii, 39 -- Francesco Maria I. visits Charles V. at, iii, 69 -- _tenebristi_ of, iii, 341

Narni, i, 131, 379; ii, 38 -- surrendered by Braccio di Montone, i, 45

Nasi, Lorenzo, ii, 299

Negri, Girolamo, ii, 445 note -- calls the papal court a barn-yard of chickens, iii, 6

Negrini, _Elogii Historici_, ii, 122

Nelli, Martino, ii, 190

Nelli, Ottaviano, ii, 190, 202 -- letter of, ii, 192 -- in Urbino, ii, 200, 202

Nelli, Tomaso, ii, 191

Nemec, _Papst Alexander VI._, ii, 19 note

Nepi, dukedom of, i, 395; ii, 22, 69; iii, 21, 93

Nepotism, papal, i, 116, 222 -- restrained, iii, 97

Nevers, Duke of, iii, 120

Newbattle Abbey, ii, 47 note

New College Hall, Oxford, i, xliv

Nice, Council of, ii, 20 note

Niceno, Cardinal, i, 205 note

Nichol, _Anecdotes of Hogarth_, ii, 171 note

Nicholas V., i, 62 note, 102, 177; ii, 263, 287 -- urges Italian unity, i, 107 -- career of, i, 107 -- founds Vatican library, i, 163; ii, 289 -- encourages Platonism, ii, 106 -- biography of, ii, 119 -- patron of art, ii, 202

Nicholas, friar, ii, 392

Nicolas, Harris, i, 177 note

Nicolò da Cagli, i, 281

Nicolò of Fossombrone, ii, 314

Nicolò da Pesaro, iii, 369

Nigera, Abbot of, iii, 439

Nocera, iii, 406, 415

Nogarolo, Isotta, accomplishments of, ii, 128

Nottola, _Appunti sul Muzio_, iii, 274 note

Novara, ii, 426

Novello, Domenico Malatesta, _see_ Malatesta

Novillara, i, 23; iii, 152, 153, 220 -- given to Castiglione, ii, 53, 356, 357

Noyon, treaty of, ii, 372

Nucci, Benedetto, iii, 380

Nucci, Virgilio, iii, 380

Nuremburg, ii, 198

Nursino, Bartolo, iii, 102

Nuzio, Allegretto, i, 436; ii, 193, 195 note; iii, 275

Observantines, iii, 96 note, 182

Odasio, Ludovico, i, 152; ii, 114, 314 -- tutor of Guidobaldo I., i, 207, 297 -- funeral orations of, i, 283; ii, 86, 126 -- _I Suppositi_, iii, 162

Oddantonio, Count, i, 76 -- knighted by Sigismund, i, 47, 51, 71 -- his early promise, i, 50 -- made duke, i, 24 note, 51, 52 -- his cruelties, i, 53 -- his debaucheries, i, 53 -- murder of, i, 53, 85 -- betrothal of, i, 55, 58 note -- tomb of, i, 56; iii, 459 -- his letters to Siena, i, 56-8 -- his dislike of Federigo, i, 58 note -- portrait of, ii, 208

Oddi, the, ii, 226 -- expelled from Perugia, i, 369

Oddi, Muzio, i, 171 note -- military engineer, iii, 265

Oderigi da Gubbio, ii, 189, 191, 192 note, 254 -- Dante on, ii, 188

Odescalchi Gallery, ii, 233

Odet, i, 465

Oliva, Fabio, i, 255

Olivarez, Don, iii, 361

Oliveriana Library, i, x, xxiii, 54; ii, 462

Oliveriana MSS., i, 150 note, 427; iii, 72 note, 80 note, 112 note, 113 note, 114 note, 120, 129 note, 142, 151 note, 153, 154, 162, 176 note, 220 note, 228, 325 note, 411, 477

Olivieri, _Life of Alessandro Sforza_, i, 49 note -- Italian patriotism of, ii, 108 -- on Novillara, ii, 356

Omens of the downfall of Rome, iii, 7

Opdycke, ii, 44 note

Orange, Philibert, Prince of, ii, 426; iii, 437, 439, 441 -- succeeds Bourbon in command, iii, 15, 23 -- leaves Rome, iii, 38 -- death of, iii, 43

Orange, René, Prince of, Count of Nassau, iii, 43

Orcagna, ii, 180, 230

Orciano, ii, 213; iii, 150

Orcinovo, iii, 77

Ordelaffi, the, of Forlì, i, 18, 236, 254, 381

Order of Jesus Christ, iii, 264

Orlandi, ii, 259

Orleans Gallery, ii, 233

Orleans, house of, i, 97

Orsi, Cecco, i, 307 note

Orsi, Count, i, 308

Orsi, Francesco Deddi de', i, 306

Orsi, Ludovico, i, 307 note

Orsini, on coinage, i, xlii

Orsini, the, depredations of, i, 329-30; iii, 360 -- meet at La Magione, i, 412 -- fall of, ii, 12 -- reconciled with Colonna, ii, 354

Orsini, Alfonsina degli, ii, 366

Orsini, Angela, i, 51 note

Orsini, Bartolomea, i, 359

Orsini, Camillo, ii, 408

Orsini, Cardinal, i, 220 -- is poisoned, ii, 8

Orsini, Carlo, i, 359

Orsini, Fabio, ii, 5 -- in the Campagna, ii, 11, 12

Orsini, Ferdinando, iii, 125

Orsini, Francesco, i, 152

Orsini, Fulvio, iii, 260

Orsini, Gentile Virginio, i, 331

Orsini, Gian-Giordano, i, 358; ii, 25, 281

Orsini, Gianpaolo, i, 74

Orsini, Giulio, i, 152, 267

Orsini, Monoculo, i, 367

Orsini, Napoleone, iii, 39

Orsini, Nicolò, i, 348, 421

Orsini, Paolo, i, 358, 402; iii, 125 -- at Cagli, i, 415 -- treats with Borgia, i, 418, 420 -- murder of, ii, 3, 4, 11

Orsini, Prince of Tarento, i, 130, 141

Orsini, Virginio, i, 342 -- claims the Cibò estates, i, 343 -- fights against Ferdinand, i, 357, 358

Orte, surrendered by Braccio di Montone, i, 45

Orti-Manara, ii, 70 note

Ortona, iii, 93

Orvieto, ii, 395; iii, 5, 26, 433 -- surrendered by di Montone, i, 45 -- cathedral of, ii, 185, 187, 189, 190, 196, 212; iii, 347

Osimo, i, 305; ii, 196

Ostia, ii, 29, 238, 297; iii, 23, 110 -- harbour of, ii, 286 -- see of, ii, 301 -- reduction of, ii, 303

Ostiglia, iii, 304

Oswald, George, i, xiv

Otho the Great, i, 78

Otranto, i, 394; iii, 141 -- taken by and from the Turks, i, 257

Otricoli, iii, 18, 19

Ottaviani, Cardinal, ii, 267

Ottley, Mr. Young, ii, 207

Ottoboniana MSS., iii, 53 note, 186 note, 189 note

Overbeck, iii, 366

Ovid, quoted, ii, 15 note

Owen, i, 313 note

Pacieri, the, iii, 123

Pacioli, Fra Luca, ii, 203

Paciotti, Federigo, iii, 264

Paciotti, Felice, iii, 135, 263

Paciotti, Francesco, employed by Julius III., iii, 263 -- enjoys royal favour, iii, 263

Paciotti, Guidobaldo, iii, 264

Paciotti, Jacopo, iii, 262

Paciotto, Orazio, iii, 263

Padua, ii, 62, 429; iii, 275, 311, 350 -- University of, i, 69; iii, 87, 260, 267

Paganism mingled with Christianity, ii, 81 note, 105 -- in Italian art, ii, 168

Paglioni, Gian Paolo, i, 412

Palaia, i, 356

Palazzo Vecchio, Florence, iii, 385

Palestrina, i, 330 -- siege of, i, 30

Palladio, iii, 358

Pallavicini, Gaspare, ii, 71 -- at Urbino, ii, 77; iii, 78

Palliano, Duke of, i, 289

Palliotto, ii, 192 note

Palliser, Mrs. iii, 418

Palma, Jacopo, the younger, iii, 398

Palma, Vecchio, iii, 480, 482

Palma, Violante, iii, 398, 481

Palmeggiani, Marco, i, 255

Palmerucci, Guido, ii, 189, 190

Palmieri, Matteo, _La Città della Vita_, ii, 158 note

Palmos, iii, 131

Palotta, Archbishop, iii, 158

Paltroni, i, 129

Pampeluna, ii, 31

Pandolfi, Gian Giacomo, iii, 369

Pandolfo III., i, 380

Pandolfo IV., i, 380

Pandonio, Porcellio, his style, ii, 136 -- his _Feltria_, ii, 137

Panizzi, ii, 153 note; iii, 306

Pantheon, Rome, ii, 249; iii, 357

Panvinio, ii, 284 -- on Sixtus IV., ii, 285, 289, 297 note; iii, 109 -- on Julius II., ii, 301

Paolo, Maestro, i, 150, 231, 244

Paolo, Simon, _Diario detto di Marcello Cervino_, i, 23 note, 37 note

Papacy, its condition in 1430, i, 64-6 -- state of, at the accession of Alexander VI., i, 315 -- the loss of temporal ascendancy, iii, 95 -- temporal rule of the, bad, iii, 220 note

Papal court, "a barn-yard of chickens," iii, 6

Papini, iii, 280 note

Parentucelli, Tommaso de', _see_ Nicholas V.

Paris, ii, 405; iii, 263, 299 note -- Hotel Cluny, iii, 409

Parisani, Cardinal Ascanio, iii, 383

Parma, i, 349; ii, 362, 365; iii, 370 -- capture of, ii, 345 -- cession of, iii, 23, 24

Parma, Bernardino, ii, 4

Parmegianino, iii, 338, 355, 370

Paruta, ii, 125, 427 note, 440; iii, 41

Pascoli, on Francesca, ii, 203

Pasolini, iii, 298 note -- _Caterina Sforza_, i, 307 note

Pasquino, ii, 287; iii, 222 note

Passavant, i, xxxix note, 159; ii, 209 note -- on Palmerucci, ii, 190 -- on Giovanni Sanzi, ii, 216, 219 -- on Raffaele, ii, 231, 232, 249 note -- on Vite, ii, 259

Passeri, Bernardo, iii, 11

Passeri, Gianbattista, iii, 141, 169, 198, 203, 229, 473 -- on Francesco Maria II., iii, 203, 207, 229 -- on majolica, iii, 404, 407, 408, 410, 413, 415, 416, 421, 423, 424

Passignano, iii, 369

Passionei, the, iii, 90

Pastor, his History of the Popes, i, 319 note

Patanazzi, Alfonso, iii, 380, 423

Patrimony of St. Peter, i, xl

Paul II., ii, 106, 279, 283 -- succession of, i, 178 -- confirms Federigo in his command, i, 179 -- continues policy against the Malatesta, i, 179 -- his designs on Rimini, i, 192 note, 195 -- death of, i, 202, 205

Paul III., ii, 60, 64; iii, 295 -- election of, iii, 68 -- and the Camerino succession, iii, 68, 89, 92 -- strongly opposes the Reformation, iii, 96 -- re-establishes the Inquisition, iii, 96 and note -- opens the Council of Trent, iii, 96 -- death of, iii, 101 -- patron of art, iii, 344 -- at the Imperiale, iii, 349 -- patron of Michael Angelo, iii, 383 -- patron of Titian, iii, 393 -- portrait of, iii, 395, 485

Paul IV., iii, 343 -- election of, iii, 104 -- policy of, iii, 109 -- obstinacy of, iii, 110

Paul V., his foresight in the marriage contract of Prince Federigo, iii, 211

Paulo, Ambrogio da, i, 306 note

Pavia, ii, 260, 279; iii, 414 -- battle of, ii, 431; iii, 448 -- cardinal of, _see_ Alidosio -- Certosa of, ii, 441 -- sack of, iii, 37 -- recovered by the Duke Francesco Maria I., iii, 40 -- Ariosto at, iii, 281

Pavoni, Monsignor, iii, 216, 217

Pazzi conspiracy, i, 239-43, 306; ii, 280

Pazzi, Francesco di, i, 239, 240

Pecorari, Counts of, i, 51 note

Pedrada, Señor, anecdotes of, ii, 47, 48

Pelacane of Parma, i, 69

Pelissier, ii, 74 note

Pellegrini, A., i, 401 note; ii, 368 note; iii, 101 note, 174 note, 195, 379 -- _Gubbio sotto i conti e Duchi d'Urbino_, i, 23 note

Pelli, iii, 360 -- his list of Urbino pictures, iii, 478

Pembroke, Lord, ii, 233

Penna da Billi, i, 23, 78, 144

Penshanger Madonna, ii, 233

Pepin, donations of, i, 5

Pergolotti, Piero di, commended to Siena, ii, 110

Peroli, portraits of the, ii, 191

Perotto, Nicolò, i, 228 -- murder of, i, 411

Persia, envoys of, at Urbino, i, 204

Persius, birthplace of, i, 210

Perucchi, Ludovico, iii, 474

Perugia, i, 18, 360, 403; ii, 24; iii, 19, 38, 287, 371 -- democratic element in, i, 7 note -- feuds in, i, 43 -- Montone, Vicar of, i, 45 -- expeditions against, i, 369; ii, 304, 316 -- archives of, ii, 5 -- Borgia takes, ii, 11 -- Baglioni expelled from, ii, 39 -- Raffaele at, ii, 223, 224, 226, 230 -- siege of, ii, 395 -- Baglioni reinstated in, ii, 413 -- majolica made at, iii, 406

Perugino, Pietro, i, 447; ii, 185 note, 210, 229, 236, 258; iii, 335, 347 -- at Assisi, ii, 180 -- style of, ii, 199 -- not Raffaele's tutor, ii, 224 note, 225, 229 -- work of, ii, 236, 238 -- in Rome, ii, 288

Peruli, the, iii, 90

Peruzuolo, ii, 216

Peruzzi, Baldassare, ii, 148

Pesaro, i, 3, 18, 380; ii, 24, 388, 389, 436; iii, 265, 311, 370 -- given to della Rovere, i, 23 -- convent of Sta. Chiara at, i, 41 -- convent of Corpus Domini, i, 48 note -- siege of, i, 85; ii, 369 -- sale of, i, 89, 90 -- attacked by Sigismondo Malatesta, i, 100 -- ball at, i, 344 -- Borgia enters, i, 388 -- Monte l'Abbate, ii, 185 note -- under Galeazzo Sforza, ii, 348 -- reduction of, ii, 349 -- surrender to Francesco Maria I., ii, 413 -- court of, ii, 421; iii, 161, 163, 181 -- Venetian envoys at, ii, 421, 422 -- Palace of, iii, 108 and note, 351 -- -- art collection of, iii, 477 -- Clement VII. at, iii, 52 -- Bishop of, iii, 153 -- carnival at, iii, 162 -- Clement VIII. at, iii, 166 -- Oddi imprisoned at, iii, 265 -- Atanagi at, iii, 295 -- Tasso at, iii, 302, 313 -- fortress of, iii, 351 -- harbour of, iii, 353 -- Titian at, iii, 394 -- majolica of, iii, 406-12

Pescara, Marquis of, ii, 59; iii, 291 -- treason and death of, ii, 434 -- envoy of King Philip III., iii, 177, 180

Peschiera, iii, 36

Pestilence in Rome, iii, 24, 25

Peter's pence, ii, 115

Petrarch, ii, 102; iii, 267, 278

Petriolo, i, 247

Petrucci, Alfonso, ii, 5 -- exiled, ii, 11 -- conspires against Leo X., ii, 17, 391

Petrucci, Borghese, ii, 414 note

Petrucci, Fabio, ii, 414 note

Petrucci, Randolfo, i, 412, 419; ii, 414; iii, 347

Petrucci, Raffaello, ii, 414 note

Philip II., King of Spain, ii, 233, 446; iii, 107, 131-3, 156, 158 -- patron of art, ii, 263, 303, 361, 372, 378, 411

Philip III., of Spain, his interest in Prince Federigo, iii, 177, 189, 196

Phillips, Mr. Claude, ii, 175 -- on Aretino, iii, 287 note

Piacenza, ii, 362, 365; iii, 23, 24, 134, 380 -- capture of, ii, 345

Pian di Meleto, Count Gian of, i, 199

Pianello di Perugia, ii, 393

Piatese, Aldobrandino, i, 480

Piccinino, Giacopo, i, 110, 252 -- supports Count Federigo, i, 112 -- his ambitions, i, 114, 119 -- treachery of, i, 124 -- his extraordinary march, i, 125 -- fights at S. Fabbiano, i, 126-8 -- challenges Sforza, i, 128 note -- insults Federigo, i, 129 -- scours the Campagna, i, 130 -- ambitions of, 135 -- defeated at Troia, i, 141 -- death of, i, 183

Piccinino, Nicolò, i, 44, 72 -- defeats Guidantonio, i, 46 -- character of, i, 72 note -- succeeds Visconti, i, 73 -- his defeat at Anghiara, i, 77 -- his defeat at Monteluro, i, 82 -- death of, i, 89

Piccolomini, iii, 408 -- elected Pope, ii, 22

Picenardi, Sommi, _Trattato fra Bernarbò Visconti_, i, 37 note

Picene, Legate of, ii, 301

Pichi, ii, 203 note

Picolpasso, Cipriano, iii, 408, 423, 424

Pienza, ii, 11

Pierantonio, Bernardino di, ii, 265 note

Pier-Luigi, Duke, assassination of, iii, 100

Pietragutola, ii, 213

Pietra Robbia, i, 25 -- given to Count Federigo, i, 119

Pietra Santa, ii, 307; iii, 382 -- surrender of, i, 349

Pietro da Napoli, ii, 71

Pietro da Pesaro, ii, 427

Pietro of Siena, i, 248

Pieve, i, 396

Pigna, iii, 310, 321

Pignattari, Bartolomeo, iii, 472

Pignotti, i, 184 note

Pii, Niccolò de', ii, 47

Pinacoteca, Bologna, ii, 243 -- Urbino, i, 205

Pinchi, Giorgio, iii, 378

Pincian Hill, iii, 366

Pino, _I falsi Sospetti_, iii, 162

Pintelei, Baccio, ii, 291

Pinturicchio, i, xii, 48 note, 447; ii, 236, 258; iii, 335 -- frescoes of, ii, 168, 459 -- student of Raffaele, ii, 225 -- in Rome, ii, 288

Pio da Carpi, Emilia, i, 61 note, 290, 400; ii, 33, 46 note, 360, 367; iii, 433 -- at Urbino, ii, 75-8 -- her accomplishments, ii, 76, 129 -- portraits of, ii, 272, 273

Pio, Giberto, ii, 75

Pio, Ludovico, iii, 78

Pio, Manfredi, i, 53, 54

Pio, Marco, i, 290

Piobbico, iii, 207

Piombino, ii, 24 -- sack of, i, 393 -- Princes of, iii, 82

Piombo, Sebastian del, iii, 480, 482

Pipo the Florentine, i, 150

Pirotti, Nicolò, i, 271

Pirotti, Pirro, on Duke Federigo, i, 271

Pisa, i, 26 -- communal freedom in, i, 67 -- Ghibelline stronghold at, i, 27, 36 -- Council of, i, 42; ii, 332, 334, 340 -- mitre of, i, 239

Pisan war, the, i, 356 -- renewed, i, 370

Pisanello, i, 70; ii, 197

Pisani, Giorgio, i, 193, 377; ii, 454

Pisano, ii, 207; i, 436

Pisano, Niccolò, iii, 336 note

Pistoia, iii, 299

Pitali, ii, 191

Pitti Palace, Florence, ii, 57, 231; iii, 291, 358, 391 note, 477

Pitigliano, i, 104, 421, 423

Pitigliano, Nicolò, Count of, i, 348, 371, 466; ii, 302, 321

Pius II., ii, 291 -- on Oddantonio, Duke of Urbino, i, 52, 53 -- on ceremonial for creation of dukes, i, 52 -- recognises Ferdinand II., i, 116 -- meets congress at Mantua, i, 116 -- reproves Sigismondo, i, 117 -- his brief to Count Federigo, i, 117 -- his dislike of Sigismondo, i, 117 note, 138, 180, 192 note -- his decision between Federigo and Sigismondo, i, 119, 145 -- his arrangement with Federigo, i, 125 note, 130, 139 -- _Commentaries of_, i, 131, 140 note, 141, 194 note -- excommunicates the Malatesta, i, 132 -- goes to Tivoli, i, 133 -- compliments Federigo, i, 134, 138 -- his projected crusade, i, 177 -- death of, i, 177 -- reign of, i, 178 -- his praise of the Countess Battista, i, 217 -- censures Cardinal Borgia, i, 317

Pius III., ii, 303 -- election of, ii, 22 -- and Borgia, ii, 25, 27

Pius V., iii, 82, 97, 404 note -- gives an audience to Prince Francesco Maria, iii, 141 -- indulgence of, iii, 456

Platina, _Lives of the Popes_, ii, 290

Platner, i, 169

Plato, taught in Florence, ii, 105, 106 -- study of, declines, iii, 256

Plautus, _Asinaria_, i, 480 -- _Menecmo_, ii, 152

Plethon, Gemistus, ii, 105

Plutarch's _Lives_, iii, 125

Poggibonsi, siege of, i, 248

Poggio d'Inverno, i, 290

Poggio, G.B., i, 72 note, 174 note -- _Historia Populi Florentini_, i, 228

Poggio Imperiale, i, 248, 251

Poland, iii, 263

Pole, Cardinal, iii, 303

Polenta, the, i, 381 -- Ravenna, Seigneury of, i, 18

Polesella, i, 424

Polesine, the, i, 262 -- defined, i, xx

Polidori, iii, 271 note

Polidoro di Caravaggio, iii, 398

Politian, on Venice, i, 325; ii, 113

Pollaiuolo, i, 212; ii, 243

Pontano, i, 227

Pontelli, Baccio, i, 171 -- architect of palace at Urbino, i, 157 -- furnishes plans for Lorenzo de' Medici, i, 157

Ponte Laino, ii, 336

Ponte Milvio, ii, 238

Ponte Molle, ii, 32; iii, 436

Ponte Reno, ii, 452

Ponte Sacco, i, 356

Ponte Salara, iii, 18

Ponte S. Angelo, ii, 286

Ponte Sisto, ii, 286; iii, 14, 436

Pontormo, iii, 350

Pontremoli, i, 349 -- destruction of, i, 464

Por, Danielle di, iii, 356

Porcellio, i, 50 note, 193, 211 note, 219 note, 222 note, 459

Pordenone, iii, 480

Porino, iii, 378

Porrino, Gandolfo, satirises Bembo, ii, 368

Porta Cavallegieri, iii, 10

Porta da Creta, Francesco, iii, 139

Porta Settiminiana, iii, 13

Portugal, King of, iii, 264

Poussin, Nicolò, iii, 344, 366

Pozzuoli, ii, 449

Prassede, Ottaviano della, ii, 265 note

Prato, sack of, ii, 374

Prennier, iii, 357

Prescott, on coinage, i, xliii -- _Ferdinand and Isabella_, ii, 156 note

Prestino da Gubbio, iii, 415

Proccaccini, Giulio Cesare, iii, 365

Procida, Señor, i, 343

Promis of Turin, i, 158

Promis, Carlo, iii, 264 note -- on Giorgio, ii, 212, 215 -- on Francesco Maria I., iii, 77

Proto, _Rinaldo di Tasso_, iii, 309 note

Provasi, _Le Marche_, iii, 271 note

Ptolemy, treatise of, iii, 261

Puccini, ii, 249 note

Puccio, ii, 189

Pulci, _Morgante Maggiore_, iii, 286

Pungileone, i, 154, 161 note, 287; ii, 148, 200; iii, 409, 413, 419, 424 note -- _Elogio di Bramante_, i, 156 note -- _Elogio di Giovanni Santi_, i, 204 note -- on della Francesca, ii, 206, 209 -- on Fra Carnevale, ii, 211 -- on Giovanni Sanzi, ii, 216, 218 -- on Vite, ii, 258 note, 259 -- on Bramante, ii, 260

Quadri, i, 229 note

Quaglino, Messer, iii, 91

_Quarterly Review_, i, xxxix, 155; ii, 204 note, 242 note; iii, 476 -- Dennistoun's contributions to, i, xvi

Querini, Girolamo, iii, 394

Quincy, Quartremere de, i, 287

Quirinal Palace, ii, 290

Raczynski, iii, 292 note

Radda, i, 244

Radicofani, i, 247

Raffaele da Montelupo, iii, 384

Raffaele, Don Pietro, i, xliii

Ragusa, Archbishop of, at Urbino, ii, 36 -- Paulo di, ii, 271

Raimondo, Annibale, _Treatise on Tides_, iii, 21 note

Ramocciotto, ii, 325

Ramsay, Mary, i, xiv

Ranghiasci, F., i, 23 note

Rangone, Guido, ii, 380, 436, 442 -- Count Guido, iii, 8, 21, 299

Ranieri, Guidangelo de', i, 100

Raniere, Matteo di, iii, 408

Ranke, i, 374 note; ii, 246, 305 note -- _History of the Popes_, ii, 19 note

Ratti, i, 255

Ravenna, Seigneury of, i, 18, 33; ii, 33, 322, 335; iii, 37, 81, 406

Ravenna, battle of, i, 340; ii, 344 -- seized by Venice, i, 381 -- Guidobaldo I. flies to, i, 406 -- siege of, ii, 328 -- Tasso at, iii, 302

Raynaldus, ii, 18, 30

Recanati, ii, 280, 395 -- Cardinal of, ii, 307 -- see of, iii, 81

Reformation, influence of the, iii, 47, 97, 257

Reforzato, i, 404

Reggio, fief of, i, 381; ii, 397; iii, 37, 164, 280, 448 -- capture of, ii, 332, 345

_Relazioni_ of Venetian envoys, iii, 113 and note, 246

Religious revival in Italy, iii, 96, 97

Renan, on history, ii, 95 note

Réné le Bon, i, 324

René, Count of Nassau, iii, 43

René of Provence, i, 68, 123, 135, 141; ii, 132

Renée, mother of Donna Lucrezia d'Este, iii, 139

Rengarda, Countess of Urbino, i, 56

Reni, Guido, i, x -- style of, ii, 186

Renier, ii, 44 note, 70 note, 84 note; iii, 125 -- _see_ Muzio

Renzo da Ceri, ii, 200, 368, 380, 385, 386, 425; iii, 5, 8 and note, 12, 13 and note, 436 -- defender of Rome, iii, 5-9

Repetti, _Dizionario della Toscana_, i, 98 note

Reposati, _Della Zecca di Gubbio_, i, 23 note, 34 note, 63 note, 71 note, 140 note; ii, 41 note, 269 note; iii, 111, 168 note -- his biographical sketches, i, xxxii -- on coinage, i, xlii -- indebted to Baldi, iii, 273 -- indebted to Muzio, iii, 276

Reumont, _Lorenzo de' Medici_, i, 235 note

Reynolds, Sir Joshua, iii, 230 -- on Raffaele, ii, 172, 243

Rhodes, ii, 293

Riarii, the, Seigneur of Forlì, i, 18

Riario, Cesare, ii, 280

Riario, Galeazzo, ii, 282, 283

Riario, Girolamo, i, xi, 220, 225; ii, 280, 282, 290 -- marriage of, i, 236, 238 -- visits Forlì, i, 254 -- designs on Ferrara, i, 258 -- profits by nepotism, i, 302 -- sovereignty established, i, 306 -- murder of, i, 307, 308 -- invested with Imola, i, 381; ii, 284 -- portrait of, ii, 289

Riario, Orazio, ii, 280

Riario, Ottaviano, i, 308, 381, 384 -- Bishop of Viterbo, ii, 280

Riario, Cardinal Pietro, ii, 280, 351 note; iii, 17 -- entertained at Gubbio, i, 205

Riario, Cardinal Raffaele, i, 249

Riario, Raffaello, ii, 391

Riario Sforza, the, of Naples, ii, 280

Riccardi, Sigismondo, ii, 71

Riccardiana, Florence, ii, 118

Riccasoli, Antonio, ii, 371

Ricci, Marchese, ii, 200, 220 note; iii, 353, 404 note

Ricotti, i, 188 note, 190; iii, 94 -- on coinage, i, xlii -- on battle of S. Fabbiano, i, 127 -- _St. d. Compagnie di Ventura in Italia_, i, 183 note -- on architects, iii, 265

Ridolfi, Carlo, iii, 379 -- on Titian, iii, 391, 396

Ridolfi, Claudio, career of, iii, 379, 380

Rieti, iii, 81

Rigutino, iii, 19 note

Rimini, Seigneury of, i, 18, 180, 380; ii, 321, 322, 377, 398; iii, 37, 406, 408 -- held against the Pope, i, 195 -- reduction of, i, 196 -- battle of, i, 199 -- Borgia at, i, 388 -- cathedral of, ii, 208 -- surrender of, ii, 329 -- recovered, ii, 420

Rinaldo, i, 93; iii, 472

Rinuccini, Alemanno, i, 227 -- _Ricordi_, i, 211 note

Rio on the Umbrian School, ii, 179

Ripatrasone, ii, 402

Ripetta, the, i, 364

Rispetto, the, iii, 280 note

Rizzoli, _Sigilli nel Museo Bottacin di Padova_, i, 32 note

Robbia, Andrea della, iii, 407

Robbia, Luca della, ware of, iii, 406, 407

Roberto da Fano, ii, 114 note

Robertson, i, 315

Rocca Contrada, i, 93

Rodocanacchi, iii, 292 note

Rocca Guglielmi, iii, 45

Rodomonte, Luigi Gonzaga, said to have poisoned the Duke Francesco Maria I., iii, 71

Rogers, Mr. H., ii, 57; iii, 410

Romagna, defined, i, xl -- Church rule in, i, 5 -- list of minor states in, i, 18, 23 -- its condition in 1430, i, 64-6 -- described by Sismondi, i, 379-83 -- rule of Borgia in, i, 389-92 -- described by Machiavelli, i, 398 note -- falling to the confederate chiefs, ii, 28

Romagnano, bridge of, ii, 426

Romano, Giulio, ii, 41 note, 242; iii, 287, 412, 420, 422

Rome, i, 3, 26 -- Chiesa della Minerva, i, 36 -- on the return of the Popes, i, 65 -- sacked by the Colonna, i, 131; ii, 308 -- invaded by French, i, 351 -- after death of Alexander VI., ii, 21 -- its debt to Sixtus IV., ii, 285-7 -- its debt to Julius II., ii, 306 -- invaded by the Colonna, ii, 444 -- ill-garrisoned, iii, 5 -- sacked by Bourbon, iii, 3-18, 31, 32 -- -- authorities for, iii, 8 note -- -- conflicting accounts, iii, 8 note, 9 -- -- contemporary descriptions of, iii, 429-43 -- pestilence of, iii, 24, 25 -- capitulation of, iii, 23 -- evacuation of, iii, 38 -- nearly taken by the Duc de Guise, iii, 111 -- Paciotti's plan of, iii, 263 -- Baldi at, iii, 268 -- Ariosto at, iii, 282 -- Aretino in, iii, 287 -- Tasso in, ii, 327; iii, 320 -- the Zuccari in, iii, 355-68 -- Titian at, iii, 394

Romita, iii, 196, 223

Ronchini, iii, 271 note

Ronciglione, i, 179

Roncoroni, iii, 311 note

Rondinello, iii, 379

Rondolino, iii, 421

Roscia, reduction of, ii, 328

Roscoe, i, xxxix note, 163, 236 note; iii, 75, 85 and note, 88 note -- misrepresentations of, i, xxxiii; ii, 168 note, 281, 387, 468 -- his _Life of Lorenzo de' Medici_, i, xxxiii note, 174 note; ii, 132 note, 184 note -- on Venice, i, 16 -- on the battle of La Molinella, i, 188 note -- his _Leo X._, i, 320, 342 note; ii, 154, 307, 294 note, 362, 411 note; iii, 87 note, 282 note -- defends the Borgia, ii, 19 note -- on Bembo, ii, 64 -- on Vergilio, ii, 117 -- on _Il Cortegiano_, ii, 120 -- on the sonnet, ii, 131 -- on Accolti, ii, 147 -- on Francesco Maria I., ii, 325, 342, 347, 399, 412 note

Rose, Stewart, ii, 146 note

Roseo, Mambrino, on the sack of Rome, iii, 12, 13 and note

Rosini, i, 287; ii, 204, 228 note; iii, 308 note -- on Bramante, ii, 260

Rosmini, _V. da Feltre_, i, 69 note -- vindicates Sforza, i, 183

Rossano, Prince of, ii, 281

Rosselli, in Rome, ii, 288

Rossi, ii, 118 note, 220 note; iii, 88 note, 122 note

Rossi, Count, murder of, i, 241

Rossi, _F. da Montefeltro_, i, 100 note -- _La Guerra in Toscana_, i, 101 note -- _Appunti per la storia della musica alla Corte d'Urbino_, ii, 47 note -- _Guarini_, iii, 331 note

Rossi, Porzia de', iii, 299

Rotonda, ii, 248

Rouen, Cardinal of, i, 469; ii, 26 -- intrigues of, ii, 330 -- schemes to poison Julius II., ii, 335

Rovere, i, 263

Rovere, della, Seigneury of, i, 18 -- gains through nepotism, i, 23 -- arms of, i, 172 -- origin of, ii, 277

Rovere, Antonio della, ii, 280

Rovere, Bartolomeo della, i, 281; ii, 280

Rovere, Clemente della, ii, 282 note

Rovere, Costanza della, ii, 283

Rovere, Cristoforo della, ii, 282 note

Rovere, Deodata della, ii, 283

Rovere, Domenico della, ii, 282 note

Rovere, Elisabetta, iii, 80 -- marriage of, iii, 106, 107 -- death of, iii, 107

Rovere, Federigo della, ii, 282: iii, 80

Rovere, Felice della, ii, 281

Rovere, Francesco della, ii, 280

Rovere, Francesco Maria della, _see_ Francesco Maria I.

Rovere, Galiotto della, ii, 282

Rovere, Gian Francesco della, i, 282 note

Rovere, Giovanni della, i, 152, 187, 220; ii, 3, 281 -- Mariotti's mistake _re_, i, xxxi -- marriage of, i, 221 note, 222, 289; ii, 291 -- obtains Sinigaglia, i, 144 -- death of, i, 399; ii, 299 -- portrait of, ii, 211, 289, 299 -- children of, ii, 282 -- prefect of Rome, ii, 291 -- lord of Sinigaglia, ii, 291-3 -- seizes Gem's pension, ii, 294, 298 -- epitaph of, ii, 480

Rovere, Girolamo della, ii, 280

Rovere, Cardinal Giuliano della, ii, 296 -- sent against Città di Castello, i, 225 -- visits Federigo, i, 254 -- portrait of, iii, 486 -- _see_ Julius II., i, 401

Rovere, Giuliano della, i, 238, 318, 371; ii, 284 -- portrait of, ii, 289

Rovere, Giulio della, ii, 282

Rovere, Cardinal Giulio della, iii, 63, 81, 82, 101, 130, 134, 141, 277, 371 -- birth of, iii, 63 -- character of, iii, 81, 82 -- nominated cardinal at the age of fourteen, iii, 81, 101 -- natural sons of, iii, 82 -- inscription on, iii, 461 -- letter to, iii, 474

Rovere, Guglielmo della, ii, 280

Rovere, Iolanda della, ii, 280

Rovere, Ippolita della, marriage of, iii, 53

Rovere, Ippolito della, Marquis of S. Lorenzo, iii, 82, 170 -- portrait of, iii, 486

Rovere, Isabella della, iii, 125

Rovere, Joanna della, ii, 228

Rovere, Lavinia della, iii, 326 -- married to Felice d'Avalos, iii, 125 and note, 157 -- second marriage of, iii, 157 -- inscription on, iii, 462

Rovere, Lavinia Franciotti, iii, 125

Rovere, Leonardo della, ii, 281, 291 -- children of, ii, 277-80

Rovere, Livia della, iii, 171

Rovere, Luchina della, ii, 281, 282

Rovere, Lucrezia della, ii, 282

Rovere, Maria della, ii, 283; iii, 63 -- paramour of, ii, 317.

Rovere, Nicolò della, ii, 282

Rovere, Pietro della, Cardinal of San Sisto, ii, 284 -- portrait of, ii, 289

Rovere, Raffaele della, i, 413; ii, 280 -- children of, ii, 281

Rovere, Sisto della, ii, 281, 282

Rovere, Stefano della, ii, 282 note

Rovere, Virginia della, iii, 100

Rovere, Vittoria della, portrait of, iii, 489

Rovigo di Urbino, i, 422, 424; iii, 422

Rubbiera, iii, 448

Rubens, iii, 369

Ruberto, iii, 271 note

Rudolph, Emperor, iii, 263

Rumohr, Baron von, on Christian art, ii, 170

Ruscelli, Girolamo, i, 226; iii, 76, 123, 303 -- _Imprese Illustri_, i, 164 -- details of, i, 443

Ruskin, John, ii, 174, 224

Rustico, Antonio, of Florence, ii, 146

Rymer, ii, 392

SS. Apostoli, ii, 286, 290, 307

S. Agata, Urbino, i, 23, 144, 291, 405; ii, 59, 213, 267, 315; iii, 482 -- picture of Last Supper in, i, 205 -- held for Borgia, i, 418

Sta. Agnese, ii, 307

S. Albertino, convent of, i, 160

S. Andrea delle Fratte, iii, 225 note

S. Angelo, iii, 106

S. Angelo, Castel, Rome, ii, 445; iii, 25, 433, 436, 438 -- conclave in, ii, 21 -- Pope and Cardinals gain, iii, 13 -- surrender of, iii, 22 note, 23

S. Angelo, Seigneury of, i, 18

S. Angelo, in Vado, i, 79; ii, 33, 201; iii, 175, 181, 201, 350 note, 354, 355 -- passes to the Montefeltri, i, 23 -- built by Giorgio, ii, 213

S. Anna, Ferrara, iii, 326

S. Antonio, ii, 189

S. Arcangelo, i, 404

S. Augustin, iii, 96 note

S. Benedetto, Ferrara, iii, 284

S. Bernardino, Urbino, i, 157, 171, 219, 282; ii, 200, 210, 255; iii, 459

S. Biagio, ii, 263

S. Casa, Loreto, ii, 286

S. Casciano, ii, 468

S. Caterina of Siena, iii, 348

S. Catherine of Alexandria, i, xii

S. Catherine, marriage of, ii, 201

S. Cecilia, ii, 240 -- Cardinal of, iii, 18

S. Chiara, Urbino, i, 34; ii, 261, 283; iii, 73, 90, 157, 210, 352, 400, 460, 461

S. Crescenzio, iii, 175

S. Chrisogono, Cardinal of, ii, 289

S. Costanza, ii, 213, 291 -- sack of, ii, 384

S. Croce, i, 77; ii, 288

S. Domenico, Cagli, ii, 218 -- Siena, ii, 211 note -- Urbino, iii, 407

S. Donato, Urbino, i, 47, 283; iii, 458

S. Egidio, battle of, i, 43 note

S. Erasimo, ii, 192

S. Fabbiano, battle of, i, 449 -- battle of, i, 126-8 -- date of, i, 127 note

S. Filippo, Gubbio, iii, 175 -- Neri, iii, 373

S. Fiora, iii, 109 and note

S. Fortunato, Todi, i, 173

S. Fosca, iii, 70

S. Francesco, Assisi, ii, 200, 286 -- Borgia, i, 320 -- Cagli, iii, 350 note -- Città di Castello, iii, 486 -- Ferrara, iii, 311 note -- Pesaro, iii, 373 -- Urbino, iii, 377 -- di Paolo, order of, ii, 20 -- Rimini, i, 193

S. Francis of Assisi, ii, 170 note, 218 -- career of, ii, 177, 178 -- his influence on art, ii, 179-81

S. Francis of Paola, iii, 224 note

S. Gaetano Tiene, iii, 96 note

S. George, Chevalier de, i, 155 note

S. Giorgio, Cardinal of, ii, 342

S. Giorgio Maggiore, Venice, ii, 429

S. Giovanni, ii, 455 note

S. Giuliano, Rimini, ii, 399

S. Ippolito, ii, 213

S. John the Baptist, Pesaro, iii, 352

S. Leo, i, 23, 345, 405, 411, 420; iii, 202, 215, 465 -- description of, i, 78 -- surprised by Duke Federigo, i, 77-80 -- surrender of, i, 413 -- recapture of, i, 414 -- besieged by Borgia, ii, 13-15, 23 -- defended by Fregoso, ii, 59 -- siege of, ii, 369-71 -- given to Florence, ii, 406, 420 -- restored, ii, 456

S. Lorenzo, iii, 82 -- Court of, i, 404 -- in Damaso, ii, 286 -- Florence, iii, 388 -- in Lucino, iii, 243

S. Lucia, Urbino, iii, 90

S. Malo, i, 347

S. Maria di Castello, Genoa, ii, 267

S. Maria degli Eremiti, curious tradition of, iii, 69

S. Maria del Fiore, iii, 386 note

S. Maria delle Grazie, ii, 480

S. Maria Nuova, Fano, ii, 266

S. Maria della Pace, ii, 240, 257 note

S. Maria del Popolo, ii, 240, 247, 280 note, 286, 289

S. Maria in Portico, ii, 268

S. Marino, i, 17, 246, 404; iii, 352 -- independence of the state of, iii, 101 -- under the protection of the Dukes of Urbino, iii, 101, 102

S. Martin, ii, 257 note

S. Matteo, iii, 155

S. Nicolò di Tolentino, ii, 225

S. Onofrio, ii, 229, 234, 289; iii, 327

S. Pancrazio, iii, 10, 14, 435

S. Peter's, Rome, iii, 16 -- building of, ii, 235, 240, 262, 263, 306; iii, 335, 382

S. Petersburg, ii, 233

S. Petronio, Bologna, ii, 323; iii, 46

S. Pietro in Bagno, ii, 453 -- in Montorio, ii, 261, 307 -- in Vaticano, iii, 386 note -- in Vinculis, ii, 281, 282, 286; iii, 81, 101, 385

S. Pol, iii, 40, 42

S. Prassede, i, 382

S. Procul, Bologna, ii, 254

S. Quirico, ii, 11, 414 note

S. Rocca, Castel Durante, iii, 203 note

S. Roch, ii, 357 note

S. Salvadore, Bologna, ii, 89

S. Satiro, ii, 261

S. Savino, Antonio di, takes possession of Urbino, ii, 12

S. Sebastian, ii, 257 note; iii, 374 -- martyrdom of, ii, 201

S. Severo, Perugia, ii, 230

S. Silvester, ii, 238

S. Sisto, Cardinal of, ii, 284, 286; iii, 437

S. Spirito, ii, 286, 287; iii, 10

S. Thomas, ii, 257 note

S. Ubaldo, Pesaro, i, 208; iii, 173-5, 460

S. Vitale, Rome, ii, 286 -- cardinals of, ii, 282 note

Sabadino, _Gynevra de la clare donne_, i, 73 note

Sabellico, ii, 124

Sabina defined, i, xl

Sabina, see of, ii, 301

Sabionetta, iii, 71

Sacchetti, Franco, ii, 73 note

Sacchi, Bartolomeo, ii, 289

Sadoleto, ii, 126, 404 -- at Ferrara, ii, 63 -- at Rome, ii, 64 -- letters by, ii, 116

Salamanca, ii, 129

Salerno, iii, 335 -- Archbishop of, ii, 60 -- Prince of, ii, 419 note -- -- patron of Tasso, iii, 299

Salerno, Princess of, i, 254

Saluzzi, Chevalier, ii, 212

Saluzzo, Marquis of, ii, 442, 445, 452 -- marches for Rome, iii, 19, 21

Salvadori, ii, 44 note

Salvator Rosa, iii, 300, 366

Salviati, Francesco, Bishop of Pisa, i, 239, 240

Salviati, Cardinal Giovanni, iii, 448

Salviati, Lucrezia, ii, 53

Sancia of Aragon, i, 332, 342

Sanmichele, iii, 77, 260 note

Sannazaro, quoted, i, 386 note -- on Borgia, ii, 31 -- his _Christeida_, ii, 74

Sanseverino, Antonello, i, 290

Sanseverino, Gian Francesco, retained by Ludovico Il Moro, i, 349

Sanseverino, Ferrante, iii, 299

Sanseverino, Nicolò Bernardino di, iii, 125

Sanseverino, Roberto di, i, 305 -- at the battle of La Molinella, i, 187 -- commands the Venetians against Ferrara, i, 260

Sansonio, Raffaele, ii, 280

Sansovino, i, 191; ii, 70, 74 note, 307

Santacroce, Filippo, iii, 404 note

Santi, _see_ Sanzi

Santinelli, Countess Vittoria Tortora Ranuccio, iii, 189

Santori, Leonardo, iii, 8 note, 25 and note

Santorio, Paulo Emilio, Archbishop of Urbino, iii, 217

Sanuto, Marino, i, 260 note, 264, 365 note, 374, 387, 389, 391, 406 note; ii, 5 note -- on coinage, i, xxii -- _Diario_, i, 361 note; ii, 335 note, 339 note; iii, 35 -- on Guidobaldo I., i, 377; ii, 79 note -- describes fourth marriage of Lucrezia Borgia, i, 473-83 -- on the poisoning of Alexander VI., ii, 17-19, 21

Sanzi, Giovanni, quoted, i, 122, 139, 178, 212, 214, 219, 224, 231, 235, 243, 245, 254, 265, 267, 268; ii, 199 -- his Chronicle of Duke Federigo, i, x; ii, 138-43, 217, 471-79 -- on Ottaviano Ubaldini, i, 50 note -- on Duke Federigo, i, 62 note, 81, 85, 88, 110, 457 -- on Florence, i, 67 -- on Vittorino da Feltre, i, 71 -- on the strife between the Malatesta, i, 76 -- his description of S. Leo, i, 79 -- describes Monteluro, i, 82 -- on tournament at Urbino, i, 100 -- on the Palace of Urbino, i, 153, 155, 164, 171 -- his _Elogio_, i, 161 note -- on the Palace of Gubbio, i, 171 -- on war, i, 176 -- describes Pietro Riario, i, 206 -- on Countess Battista, i, 218 -- on the Pazzi Conspiracy, i, 242 -- authorities for, ii, 138 note -- his paintings, ii, 139, 218, 256, 257 note -- his ancestry, ii, 216 -- his catalogue of artists, ii, 217 -- on Da Vinci, ii, 229 -- on Melozzo, ii, 290

Sanzio, Raffaele, i, x, 62 note; ii, 468; iii, 335, 341, 347, 355, 370, 379, 485, 488 -- his _Jurisprudence_, i, 284 -- patronised by Bibbiena, ii, 66, 67 -- adopts "new manner," ii, 67, 241, 252 -- tutor of, ii, 114 -- style of, ii, 172, 185 note, 196 -- studies Francesca, ii, 207, 231 -- authorities for, ii, 220 note, 221 -- portraits of, ii, 218, 233 -- work ascribed to, ii, 219, 224, 233 note, 234, 460 -- his name, ii, 216, 220 note -- his opportune birth, ii, 221-3 -- early masters of, ii, 223, 229, 243 -- his _Vision of a Knight_, ii, 224 note -- he goes to Perugia, ii, 224, 226 -- his work at Città di Castello, ii, 225 -- devotional pictures of, ii, 226 -- at Florence, ii, 227, 228, 229, 234, 240 -- visits Urbino, ii, 227, 230, 231 -- his Madonna del Cardellino, ii, 228 -- his work at Urbino, ii, 232-4 -- called to Rome, ii, 235 -- employed in the Stanze, ii, 236-40, 244 -- overworked, ii, 240 -- unfounded charges against, ii, 242, 243 -- his imitative work, ii, 142, 468 -- influenced by Michael Angelo, ii, 243-6 -- his death, ii, 247-9 -- his will, ii, 248 -- his betrothal, ii, 249 -- his sonnets, ii, 250 -- his character, ii, 250 -- his sense of beauty, ii, 249, 251 -- and purity of taste, ii, 252 -- employed by Julius II., ii, 307 -- his work in majolica, iii, 403, 419 -- pictures of, at Florence, iii, 478

Sapienza, Rome, iii, 244

Sappho, iii, 294

Sardi, iii, 71

Sarno, battle of, i, 125

Sarsina, i, 370, 405

Sarti, _De Episcopis Eugubinis_, i, 22 note

Sartirana, ii, 426

Sarto, Andrea del, iii, 335, 350

Sarzana, i, 107 -- surrender of, i, 349 -- Thomas of, _see_ Nicholas V.

Sassetta, ii, 185 note

Sassi di Simeone, i, 160

Sassocorbaro, i, 23; ii, 36, 213, 317; iii, 131

Sasso Feretro, plans of, ii, 213

Sassoferrata, i, 403; ii, 314, 389; iii, 63, 239

Sauli, bishop of, ii, 391

Savelli, the, i, 132, 179, 331

Savello, Gian Battista, iii, 69

Savello, Troilo, ii, 387, 389

Savile, Henry, ii, 117

Savino, Guido di, iii, 423

Saviotti, iii, 271 note

Savona, ii, 277, 281, 303, 315; iii, 131 -- fall of, iii, 41

Savonarola, i, 321 note; ii, 171, 241

Savoy, Duchess of, iii, 45

Saxony, Duke of, i, 253

Scala, Can della, i, 67

Scaliger, on Bembo, ii, 124

Scaligers, tombs of the, ii, 99

Scalvanti, O., _Il mons Pietatis di Perugia_, i, 23 note, 54 note

Scanderbeg, George, i, 135

Scarmiglione, Ludovico, surrenders S. Leo, i, 413

Scarpi, iii, 273

Scarsellino, iii, 487

Schippo, Vicenzo, iii, 92

Schlegel, on Italian morals, ii, 169

Schmarzow, ii, 138 note

Schnorr, iii, 366

Schubert-Soldern, _Die Borgias und ihre Zeit_, ii, 19 note

Scipio, Baldassare, ii, 30

Scipione, ii, 203 note -- letter of, iii, 429

Scotoni, Professor C., iii, 216 note

Scotston, i, xiv

Scotti, iii, 180

Scrop, Sir John de la, i, 456 note

Scutari, i, 256

Seigneuries, tenure and investiture of, i, 11, 12

Selys, i, 471

Serafino, Fra, ii, 77

Serafius, i, 53

Serassi, ii, 51 note, 57 note, 58 note, 76 note -- _Lettere_, ii, 44 note

Serenus, iii, 261

Sermene, ii, 375, 376

Sermini, Gentile, ii, 74 note

Sermoneta, dukedom of, i, 396

Sermonetta's letters, iii, 22

Serra di S. Abondio, plans of, ii, 213

Sessa, Duke of, ii, 423 note

Severi, Antonio de', i, 208

Seville, academy of, ii, 163

Seymour, Rev. M.H., _Pilgrimage to Rome_, quoted, ii, 181, 182

Sforza, the Seigneuries of, i, 18 -- origin of, i, 80

Sforza, Alessandro, Lord of Pesaro, i, 41, 90, 93; iii, 49 -- a dissolute husband, i, 48, note 1 -- allied with Sigismondo, i, 99 -- at S. Fabbiano, i, 126 -- in Angevine campaign, i, 126-32 -- reduces Rimini, i, 196 -- sonnet by, i, 428 -- invested with Pesaro, ii, 348

Sforza, Ascanio, i, 318, 351; ii, 307 -- suspected murderer of Duke of Gandia, i, 365 -- plots of, ii, 26

Sforza, Attendolo, i, 90

Sforza, Battista, i, 289; iii, 291 -- accomplishments of, i, 121-3; ii, 129 -- descent of, i, 121 -- marriage of, i, 121 -- death of, i, 296

Sforza, Bianca, i, 353

Sforza, Bozio, i, 125

Sforza, Caterina, i, 306, 381; ii, 280 -- marriage of, i, 236 -- resists the rebels, i, 307 -- defends Forlì, i, 384

Sforza, Costanza of Pesaro, i, 247, 263, 299; ii, 348, 356; iii, 409 -- engaged by Venice, i, 303 -- death of, i, 303 -- sonnet of, i, 428

Sforza, Federigo, i, 131

Sforza, Francesco, i, 72; iii, 41, 62, 70 -- holds La Marca, i, 80 -- loses Neapolitan estates, i, 81 -- gains by marriage, i, 81, 96 -- buys Pesaro, i, 90 -- finds a faithful ally in Duke Federigo, i, 89, 91, 93 -- visits Urbino, i, 92 -- his insecure tenure, i, 92 -- becomes Duke of Milan, i, 97, 100, 102, -- supports Sigismondo against Piccinino, i, 114 -- brings about meeting of Federigo and Sigismondo, i, 119 -- death of, i, 180, 183 -- character and policy of, i, 180 -- vindicated from charge of death of Piccinino, i, 183 -- patron of letters, ii, 98 -- returns to Milan, ii, 410 -- league to maintain, ii, 423, 433

Sforza, Galeazzo, seigneur of Pesaro, ii, 348 -- death of, ii, 349

Sforza, Galeazzo Maria, succeeds Francesco as Duke of Milan, i, 181, 263 -- engaged against Colleone, i, 185-9 -- marriage of, i, 190 -- his friendly relations with Count Federigo, i, 190, 200 -- character and policy of, i, 233 -- murder of, i, 235, 240, 325; ii, 141 -- his opinion of Federigo, i, 273

Sforza, Gian Galeazzo, portrait of, ii, 260

Sforza, Giovanni, i, 311; ii, 348; iii, 49 -- marries Lucrezia Borgia, i, 344, 364 -- -- Lord of Pesaro, i, 380 -- -- escapes to Venice, i, 388

Sforza, Giovanni Galeazzo, i, 305 -- succeeds to the dukedom, i, 325 -- death of, i, 353

Sforza, Ippolita Maria, i, 109, 121, 183 -- culture of, ii, 128

Sforza, Ludovico, Il Moro, i, 235 note, 299, 325 -- selfish ambition of, i, 180, 328-32, 357 -- invites Charles into Italy, i, 333, 341-55 -- becomes Duke of Milan, i, 353 -- supports Florence against Pisa, i, 370 -- policy of, i, 376 -- driven from Milan, i, 377 -- returns to Milan, i, 385 -- prisoner in France, i, 385, 470 -- at Mortara, ii, 47 -- patron of letters, ii, 98 -- employs Bramante, ii, 260

Sforza, Maximiliano, ii, 346, 363

Sforza, Polissena, i, 80

Sforza, Riario, i, 256

Sforza Cesarini, the, iii, 109 note

Shepherd, _Life of Bracciolini_, ii, 132 note

Shirbourn, Sir Robert, ii, 463

Sicilian vespers, the, i, 323

Sicily, kingdom of, i, 323

Siena, i, 37, 51, 104, 244, 250, 423; iii, 5, 37, 347, 379 -- democratic institutions of, i, 16 -- Archivio Diplomatico, i, 38 -- letters to, from Duke Oddantonio, i, 56-8 -- communal freedom in, i, 67 -- letters to, ii, 109-11 -- Bourbon advances on, ii, 453 -- cardinal of, ii, 391 -- annexed by Florence, iii, 104

Siena, L., _Storia di Sinigaglia_, ii, 292 note

Sienese school of painting, ii, 158, 160, 161, 172; iii, 345 -- piety of, ii, 162, 187

Sienese, the, invaded by Borgia, ii, 11

Sigismondo of Foligno, ii, 126

Sigismund, Emperor, at Urbino, i, 40, 46, 51, 71 -- knights Sigismondo Malatesta, i, 71 note

Signore, designation of, i, 10

Signorelli, Luca, ii, 199 note, 210, 212, 236; iii, 347, 487 -- influenced by Dante, ii, 187 -- in Rome, ii, 288

Silva, Don Michel de, ii, 44 note

Silvano, Francesco de, iii, 421

Silvestro, Guido Posthumo, iii, 87, 282

Simon of Pesaro, iii, 372

Simonetta, Girolamo, i, 107; iii, 130 -- on battle of S. Fabbiano, i, 127, 128 -- on Orsini's policy, i, 130 -- intervenes to save Federigo's life, i, 189 note

Sinigaglia, Seigneury of, i, 18, 23, 119, 131; ii, 3, 24; iii, 82, 220, 349 -- surrender of, i, 136 -- conferred by Sixtus IV., on della Rovere, i, 144, 222, 380 -- castle of, i, 157 -- massacre of, ii, 4-10, 13 -- under Giovanni della Rovere, ii, 291-3, 300 -- Francesco Maria succeeds to, ii, 316 -- held by Leo X., ii, 400 -- fortress of, iii, 107, 123 -- port of, iii, 465

Sinigaglia, _Su P. Aretino_, iii, 287 note

Sirro of Castel Durante, i, 150

Sismondi, i, 107, 307 note, 320 note; iii, 63 note, 75 -- his prejudices, i, xxxiii; iii, 75 -- on coinage, i, xlii, xliii -- on the republics, i, 9, 16 -- on birth of Duke Federigo, i, 62 note -- inaccuracies of, i, 91 note, 121 note, 203 note, 221 note -- on the renewed hostilities, i, 102, 112 -- on battle of S. Fabbiano, i, 128 -- on the battle of Cesano, i, 136 note -- on Pius II., i, 177 note -- on Florence, i, 184 -- on Colleoni, i, 185 note -- on Sig. Malatesta, i, 194 note -- on Galeazzo Maria Sforza, i, 235 -- opinions of, i, 243 -- on Alexander VI., i, 319; ii, 19 -- on Julius II., ii, 347, 352 -- on Leo X., ii, 352 -- on the Romagna, i, 379-83 -- on Cesare Borgia, i, 389, 391 note -- on Francesco Maria I., ii, 424, 425 note, 431, 437, 438, 442, 446, 451

Sistine Chapel, ii, 245, 288

Sixtus IV., i, 51 note, 157, 380, 381; ii, 263, 272; iii, 409 -- confers Sinigaglia on della Rovere, i, 144 -- election of, i, 203; ii, 279, 283 -- invests Roberto Malatesta, i, 203 -- creates Federigo Duke and Gonfaloniere, i, 220 -- nepotism of, i, 222, 225, 236, 258; ii, 283-5, 293, 301 -- policy of, i, 224, 256; ii, 279 -- receives Lorenzo de' Medici, i, 237 -- his subsequent dislike of, i, 238 -- implicated in Pazzi conspiracy, i, 241, 306 -- his allies, i, 243 -- combines with Venice against Ferrara, i, 258, 266 -- reconciled to Naples, i, 301 -- death of, i, 304 -- first employs the Swiss, i, 337 note -- birth of, and omens concerning, ii, 277, 278 -- education of, ii, 278 -- hospitality of, ii, 285 -- his improvements in Rome, ii, 285-7 -- character of, ii, 287 -- patron of arts, ii, 287-91; iii, 345 -- adds to the library, ii, 289 -- portraits of, ii, 289; iii, 395, 485

Sixtus V., ii, 289; iii, 262

Soane Museum, iii, 423

Sodarini, Pietro, ii, 228 note

Soderini, Cardinal, ii, 391

Soderini, Gonfaloniere, iii, 388

Sodoma, iii, 335

Solerti on Tasso, iii, 308 note, 310 note, 311 note, 314 note, 317 note

Solieri, _Le origini degli Sforza_, i, 80 note

Solyman, Sultan, iii, 395 -- menaces Apulia, iii, 170 -- orders public rejoicings at the death of Francesco Maria I., iii, 76 -- his armament against Malta, iii, 112

Sonnet, defects of the, ii, 131; iii, 279

Sora, Duke of, i, 133

Sora, duchy of, ii, 281, 313, 367; iii, 62, 134 -- restoration of, iii, 45 -- granted to Boncompagna, iii, 81

Soracte, Mount, i, 31

Soranzo, Giacomo, iii, 130

Sorbolongo, i, 404

Soriano, castle of, i, 361

Sorrento, iii, 311 -- Tasso at, iii, 299, 300

Spagna, iii, 335

Spaniards, the, in Italy, i, 338; ii, 381, 402; iii, 283

Spanish domination fatal, iii, 253

Spanish schools of painting, ii, 163

Spello, iii, 406

Sperandei, of Mantua, ii, 271

Speroni, Sperone, iii, 275, 304

Spoleto, iii, 25, 415, 424 -- sack of, iii, 37

Spoleto, dukedom of, i, 18, 51, 225, 379, 403; ii, 395 -- given to Lucrezia Borgia, i, 395

Squarcione, ii, 290

Squillace, i, 343, 363

Staccoli, Agostino, ii, 147

Staccoli, Canon, iii, 413 note

Staccoli, Guido, iii, 143

Stagirite philosophy, iii, 256

Stansted, ii, 232

Stati, Antonio, Count of Montebello, iii, 150, 151

Stephen, King of Poland, iii, 353

Stigino of Mantua, ii, 379

Stirling, Mr., iii, 406 -- _Annals of the Artists of Spain_, ii, 163 note; iii, 364 note -- on Zuccaro, iii, 361, 363

Stirling, battle of, ii, 115

Stoppani, Cardinal, i, 158; iii, 413, 423

Stradiotes, the, i, 336, 466

Strange, Sir Robert, i, xvii

Strozzi, Filippo, ii, 53, 365; iii, 275

Stuart, Sir Bernard, advances on Romagna, i, 348

Suardi, Bartolomeo, ii, 259

Sulmona, i, 132, 141, 183

Sustermans, iii, 489

Swiss soldiery, i, 336, 384

Symonds, John Addington, i, 71 note -- _The Renaissance in Italy_, ii, 128 note -- translation of _The Life of Benvenuto Cellini_, iii, 11 note -- -- of _Sonnets of Michelangelo_, iii, 389 note

Tacchi-Venturi, iii, 292 note

Taddei, Taddeo, ii, 228

Tagliacozzo, battle of, i, 26

Tagliacozza, Duke of, i, 289

Talbot, Lord, ii, 463

Tarducci, _Cecilia Gonzaga_, i, 58 note

Tarento, i, 375; ii, 359 -- Prince of, i, 141

Taro, battle of, i, 290, 340, 353, 354, 463-7; ii, 51 note

Taro, the, ii, 409

Tartaglia, Nicolò, iii, 77

Tarulli, i, 313 note

Tascone, Giulio, i, 479

Tasso, Bernardo, i, 290; iii, 23, 50, 275, 298 -- Mariotti's sketch of, i, xxxi -- his _Amadigi_, i, 122; iii, 272, 295, 300, 303, 304 -- details of, i, 443 -- describes the Duchess of Urbino, ii, 89 -- quoted, ii, 442 -- letters of, iii, 111, 112 note -- at Urbino, iii, 124, 294 -- as purist, iii, 257-78 -- on Ariosto, iii, 285 -- irregularities of, iii, 298 -- early services of, iii, 299 -- appeals to the Prince of Salerno, iii, 301 -- at Pesaro, iii, 302, 313, 351 -- epitaph of, iii, 304 -- character of, iii, 305 -- style of, iii, 305-7 -- and Titian, iii, 392 -- sonnet to Titian, iii, 471 -- Cornelia, iii, 301

Tasso, Torquato, iii, 23, 155, 165 -- sonnet of, iii, 262 -- birth of, iii, 300 -- on his father, iii, 305 -- authorities for, iii, 308 note, 310 note, 311 note -- precocity of, iii, 309 -- his insanity, iii, 309-13, 321 -- his passion for Leonora D'Este, iii, 309, 313, 319 -- visits Pesaro, iii, 313, 318, 351 -- his _Gerusalemme_, iii, 314, 330 -- at Ferrara, iii, 314, 318, 319, 320, 321, 326 -- his poetry, iii, 315, 317, 319, 321, 329 -- his passion for Lucrezia D'Este, iii, 316 -- and canzone on her marriage, iii, 318 -- his _Aminta_ performed, iii, 318 -- his letter to Francesco Maria, iii, 323 -- confined for seven years, iii, 326 -- death of, iii, 327-8

Tavoleta, i, 23 -- plans of, ii, 213

Tealto, Castle, i, 475

Teodoro, i, 40

Teofile, iii, 72 note

Teramo, Bishop of, i, 216

_Terchi_, iii, 414

Terenzi, Terenzio, iii, 379, 421

Terni, i, 379; iii, 25, 81 -- surrendered by Braccio di Montone, i, 45

Terouenne, siege of, ii, 355 note

Terpandro, ii, 71

Terracina, i, 81, 363; ii, 296

Terrail, Pierre de, _see_ Bayard

Theatines, iii, 96 and note, 109

Themistios, i, 194

Thomasello, Pier-Matteo di, iii, 433

Thou, De, opinions of, ii, 29

Thrasimene, i, 247; iii, 406

Thuasne, ii, 293, note

Tiane, Alessandro, iii, 177

Tiapolo, Matteo, i, 388

Tiarini, iii, 369

Tibaldi, Pelegrino, iii, 369

Tibaldeo, iii, 485 -- at Ferrara, ii, 63

Ticozzi, iii, 380, 395, 396, 421 -- on Oderigi, ii, 188

Tiepolo, Nicolò, ii, 125

Tintoretto, iii, 391 note -- his _Origin of the Milky Way_, ii, 210 note

Tiraboschi, i, 40, note; ii, 61 note -- on the _Assorditi_, ii, 112 -- on Bembo, ii, 121, 124-7 -- on Filelfo, ii, 132, 135 -- _Storia della Letteratura Italiana_, ii, 132 note -- on Machiavelli, ii, 147 -- on Guidobaldo del Monte, iii, 262 -- on Baldi, iii, 272 -- on Muzio, iii, 276 -- on Ariosto, iii, 283 -- on Aretino, iii, 288, 289 -- on Tasso, iii, 329

Tiranni Chapel, ii, 218

Titian, Vacellio, ii, 191, 222, 242; iii, 335, 338, 341, 486, 488 -- his Medicean portraits, ii, 57 -- his Flora, ii, 74 note; iii, 395 -- his portrait of Borgia, ii, 460 -- paints the Duchess Leonora, iii, 52, 62 -- paints Francesco Maria I., iii, 62, 346, 470 -- meets Charles V., iii, 62 -- friend of Aretino, iii, 287 note, 289, 290 -- his works for the Dukes of Urbino, iii, 390-7 -- his pictures in Florence, iii, 479

Tivoli, i, 132, 288; ii, 261, 400; iii, 110

Tiziano, Marco di, iii, 480

Tobias, ii, 257 note

Tobler, ii, 44 note

Todi, i, 225, 360; iii, 34 -- Montone, vicar of, i, 45

Toledo, ii, 55

Toledo, Don Pedro, iii, 300

Tolomei, Claudio, iii, 258

Tommasi, i, 365 note -- on Alexander VI., i, 320; ii, 17

Tondi, _I Fasti della Gloria_, i, 22 note

Tondini, iii, 71, 99, 107 note

Tordelli, Serafino, iii, 415, 421, 424

Tordi, iii, 292 note

Torelli Chapel, i, 255

Torelli, Guido, ii, 53

Torelli, Ippolita, ii, 53

Torlonia Gallery, ii, 41 note

Torlonia, Prince, ii, 467 note

Tornabuoni, i, 237

Tortosa, see of, ii, 416

Tosi, Battista, i, 360

Tour, Madelaine de la, ii, 405; iii, 283

_Trabaria_, i, 3

Trani, i, 394

_Transfiguration_, Raffaele's, ii, 240, 249

Trapezuntios, Georgios, ii, 105 note

Traversari, Ambrogio, reports of, ii, 155

Trebanio, i, 193

Trebbia, ii, 452

Tre Capanne, iii, 21

Tremouille, De la, i, 465; ii, 13, 14

_Tresor de Numismatique_, ii, 269, 270

Trevi, aqueduct of, ii, 286

Trevignano, i, 359

Trevisano, Benedetto, despatch of, i, 470

Treviso, iii, 396

Tribaldello, treachery of, i, 27

Tricarico, given to the Duke of Gandia, i, 343 -- see of, ii, 70

Trieste, i, 144

Trinità del Monte, iii, 357

Trivulzio, Alessandro, at Urbino, ii, 71

Trivulzio, Gian Giacomo, i, 152, 306, 348; ii, 71, 321 -- commands the French, ii, 335, 340

Trivulzio, Teodoro, ii, 423

Troia, i, 256; iii, 39, 69

Trometta, Nicolò, iii, 369

Trotti, i, 402

Trumello, ii, 426

Tunis, expedition against, iii, 299

Turin, iii, 311 -- Archbishop of, ii, 282 note

Turkish Empire, domination of, i, 106 -- progress of in Europe, i, 256 -- crusade proposed against, iii, 70 -- league against, iii, 42 -- naval expedition against, iii, 139-41

Turrio, Baldassare, iii, 260

Tuscany, defined, i, xx -- condition of, in 1430, i, 66 -- campaign in, i, 103-6, 243

Tuscany, Duke of, indulgence granted to, iii, 456

Tusculum, see of, iii, 81

Ubaldini della Carda, arms and origin of, i, 49 note

Ubaldini, Bernardino, i, 49, 50 note, 51 note, 74 -- supposed father of Duke Federigo, i, 61

Ubaldini, Francesco, i, 126

Ubaldini, Gentile, iii, 78

Ubaldini, Guidantonio, i, 51 note

Ubaldini, Ottaviano, i, 74, 206, 253, 273, 278; ii, 114 -- character of, i, 50 note -- guardian of Guidobaldo I., i, 260, 283, 300 -- sonnets of, i, 436 -- death of, i, 51 note, 369, 377

Ubaldini, Pietro, i, 51 note, 187, 224 -- sent to England, i, 452-456

Ubaldini, Vicenzo, iii, 433

Uberti, Farinato degli, ii, 51

Uccelli, Paolo, ii, 200, 203

Udine, iii, 275, 370

Uffizi Gallery, Florence, i, 218, 284; ii, 211 note, 234; iii, 62, 360, 477, 391 note, 393, 395 -- Urbino pictures in, iii, 478

Ugolini, iii, 200 note -- _Storia de' Conti e Duchi d'Urbino_, i, vii, 25 note, 39 note, 63 note, 78 note, 295 note, 297 note; ii, 29; iii, 200 note -- on Baldi, iii, 266 note

Ugolino, Count, murder of, i, 27

Uguccione, i, 306

Umbria defined, i, xl, 4

Umbrian schools of painting, ii, 158, 161, 169-72, 240 -- influence of St. Francis on, ii, 179 -- dramatic character of, ii, 185

Upper Italy, defined, i, xxxix

Urban VI., i, 44

Urban VIII., ii, 209; iii, 181, 214-18, 221, 222 note, 243, 456 -- takes possession of Urbino, i, 24 -- election of, iii, 214 -- his designs on the duchy of Urbino, iii, 214-18

Urbani of Urbino, ii, 146, 326 note; iii, 77

Urbania, i, 36 -- stoneware of, iii, 413 -- _see_ Castel Durante

Urbinelli, iii, 380

Urbino, Francesco, ii, 114 note

Urbino, Archbishop of, letter from, iii, 474 -- bishops of, ii, 367, 369 -- cathedral of, i, 47, 154, 171, 399; ii, 39; iii, 73, 374, 398, 423

Urbino, city of, asylum of letters, i, xxix -- citizens of, i, 26 -- convent of Santa Chiara, i, 34 -- welcomes Sigismund, i, 40 -- library of, i, 47 note -- S. Francesco, i, 56 -- tournament at, i, 100 -- festivities at, i, 312 -- panic in, i, 410 -- Borgia enters, i, 410 -- Guidobaldo I. returns to, i, 417 -- its demands on the election of Federigo, i, 438-42 -- taken by Borgia, ii, 12 -- printing introduced, ii, 114 note -- oratory of St. John Baptist, ii, 200 -- concessions to, by Francesco Maria I., ii, 319 -- siege of, ii, 369 -- returns to Francesco Maria I., ii, 377-80 -- loyalty of, ii, 406 -- outbreak of, iii, 114-21 -- Clement VIII. at, iii, 265 -- mathematicians and engineers at, iii, 259-77

Urbino, Counts of, _see_ Antonio, Buonconte, Federigo, Guido, Guidantonio, Montefeltrano, Oddantonio

Urbino, Counts and Dukes of, in Gubbio, authorities for, i, 22 note

Urbino, Counts of, origin of, i, 24 -- territorial acquisitions of, i, 23

Urbino, countship of, devolution of, to the Holy See, i, 23 -- feuds with the Brancaleoni, i, 45

Urbino, court of, constitution of, i, 150 -- examples of manners at, i, 152; ii, 47-50; iii, 88 -- music at, i, 152; ii, 49, 147 -- under Guidobaldo I., i, 309 -- hospitalities of, i, 153, 204-6, 246 note; ii, 35, 56-71 -- entertains Persian envoys, i, 204 -- entertains Sigismund, i, 46, 71 -- Lucrezia Borgia at, i, 345, 397 -- Julius II. at, ii, 39-42, 231 -- entertainments at, ii, 76-8, 147-52 -- the Medici at, ii, 351 -- Raffaele at, ii, 227, 230, 231 -- poetry at, ii, 130, 138 -- requisites of a lady at, ii, 45, 46, 72 -- Vittoria Farnese at, iii, 100 -- list of chief officers at, iii, 152 -- Prince Federigo at, iii, 207 -- _Assorditi_ constituted at, iii, 255 -- poets at, iii, 280-98 -- Ariosto at, iii, 281, 284 -- B. Tasso at, iii, 304 -- engineers and architects of, iii, 347-54 -- artists at, iii, 355-400 -- Clement VIII. at, iii, 373 -- sculptors at, iii, 400

Urbino, duchy of, its devolution to the Holy See, i, xxx, xxxi, 169, 286; ii, 36; iii, 220-5 -- brightest era of, i, xxxi -- coinage of, i, xlii; ii, 269 note -- topography of, i, 3, 23 -- in the fifteenth century, i, 18 -- its fortunate condition, i, 88 -- suffers from the Malatesta, i, 109 -- its extent under Federigo, i, 175, 213 note -- war a benefit to, i, 175 -- condition at the succession of Guidobaldo I., i, 299 -- returns to Guidobaldo I., ii, 23 -- artists in, ii, 188-273 -- conferred on Lorenzo de' Medici, ii, 367 -- seized by Leo X., ii, 406 -- incorporated with the Papal States, iii, 225 -- after the devolution, iii, 246-9 -- watchmaking in, iii, 404 note -- majolica of, iii, 406, 413 -- statistics of, iii, 463-9 -- population of, iii, 466

Urbino, Dukes of. _See_ Federigo; Francesco Maria I.; Francesco Maria II.; Guidobaldo I.; Guidobaldo II.; Oddantonio -- their judicious sway, i, xxix -- their early biographers, i, xxx, xxxii -- _Lives of_, i, 449 -- devices and mottoes of, i, 443; ii, 422 -- patrons of art, iii, 345

Urbino, legation of, i, 3

Urbino MSS., i, xxx _et passim_

Urbino, palace of, ii, 99; iii, 351, 353 -- when begun, i, 154 -- descriptions of, i, 154, 159-62 -- architects of, i, 155-7; ii, 211, 212 -- frieze of, i, 158 -- library of, i, 162-9; ii, 33, 144 -- -- removed to the Vatican, iii, 242, 245 -- librarians of, i, 167-9 -- cost of library of, i, 168 -- illuminated MSS. in, i, 446-9 -- stable-range for, i, 169 -- -- cost of, i, 170

Usher, Thomas, Archbishop of York, Cardinal of St. Cecilia, iii, 18

Usum-cassan, i, 204; ii, 198

Vagnarelli, Lorenzo, iii, 378

Vaila, ii, 328

Vaissieux, _Archivio_, ii, 82 note

Val di Chiana, i, 243; iii, 19

Valbona, iii, 90

Valenti, Abbé Francesco, i, xliv

Valentino, ii, 315 -- Duke, _see_ Borgia (Cesare)

Valetta, D. Giuseppe, ii, 460

Vallardi, Giuseppe, ii, 460

Valle, Padre della, i, 302 note; ii, 212

Valle, Cardinal Andrea della, iii, 18, 437

Vallery, i, 307 note

Valmaggi, ii, 44 note

Vanni, Francesco, iii, 379

Vanzolini, iii, 88 note, 287 note

Valturio, Roberto, i, 158 -- on Sigismondo, i, 192, 193

Van Eyck, Jean, his bath scene, ii, 266, 267

Vanozza, Caterina, i, 318

Vanucci, ii, 199

Varadino, iii, 353

Varana, the, i, 379 -- the Seigneury of, i, 18

Varana, Bernardo, iii, 63

Varana, Costanza, i, 90, 216, 428 -- canzonet on, ii, 144

Varana, Ercole, iii, 64

Varana, Gentil Pandolfo, iii, 63

Varana, Giovanni, iii, 63

Varana, Giovanni Maria, ii, 36, 418, 419; iii, 64

Varana, Giulia, iii, 65-8, 88, 98, 391 note

Varana, Giulio Cesare, i, 400 -- strangled, i, 411

Varana, Giulio di, of Camerino, i, 379

Varana, Maria, ii, 36

Varana, Matteo, iii, 64

Varana, Pier-Gentile, iii, 63

Varana, Rodolfo, iii, 65

Varana, Sigismondo, ii, 36, 283, 402, 408 -- defends S. Leo, ii, 371; iii, 63 -- death of, iii, 64 -- reinstated, ii, 413 -- death of, ii, 419

Varana, Venanzio, i, 411; ii, 283; iii, 63

Varchi, iii, 273, 275, 294

Varconi, _La Donna Italiana_, ii, 73 note

Vasari, Giorgio, i, xii; ii, 114 note, 199, 265, 267; iii, 349, 359, 404 note, 411 -- mistakes of, i, 155, 158, 286 note; ii, 168 note -- on the palace at Urbino, i, 157, 158 -- piety of, ii, 163 -- on Oderigi, ii, 189 -- on della Francesca, ii, 200-3 -- on Giorgio, ii, 212 -- on Raffaele, ii, 220, 232, 242, 245, 250 -- on Perugino, ii, 224 -- on Timoteo Viti, ii, 258 -- on Julius II., ii, 306 -- on Genga, iii, 350, 351 -- on Zuccaro, iii, 355, 367 -- on Michael Angelo, iii, 381, 383 note, 399 -- on Titian, iii, 390, 391 note, 395 -- origin of surname of, iii, 422 note

Vasto, Marquis of, iii, 299, 442

Vatican, the, iii, 335, 357, 377 -- Raffaele's work in, ii, 236-40, 244 -- Bramante's work in, ii, 263 -- Library, i, xxx, xliii, 108, 167; ii, 286

Vecellio, Marco, iii, 291, 480 note

Vecchietta, ii, 211 note

Vedetta, the, iii, 157

Vehon, _Les Borgia_, ii, 19 note

Veit, iii, 366

Velletri, see of, ii, 301

Velluti, _Cronica Domestica_, ii, 73 note

Venanzio, ii, 317

Venetian school of painting, iii, 345

Venezianello, Antonio, ii, 291; iii, 429

Veneziano, Domenico, ii, 202 note

Venice, i, 262; ii, 62; iii, 298, 311; 350, 394 -- individual safety in, i, 16 -- in 1430, i, 67 -- Ferrara invaded by, i, 258 -- Guidobaldo I. at, i, 277, 422 -- in the absence of the popes, ii, 97 -- MSS. of, ii, 100 -- art in, ii, 191 -- Gentile da Fabriano at, ii, 197 -- Francesco Maria I. at, ii, 429, 431 -- Aretino at, iii, 288 -- Tasso at, iii, 313

Venice, Signory of, breaks alliance with Florence, i, 102 -- disputes with the Emperor, i, 144 -- abet Florentine exiles against the Medici, i, 185 -- designs on Ferrara, i, 202 -- engage Sforza of Pesaro, i, 303 -- zenith of power of, i, 326 -- negotiates for release of Guidobaldo I., i, 361 -- supports Pisa, i, 370 -- re-engage Guidobaldo I., ii, 24, 32 -- aggressions of, ii, 38 -- claims on Romagna, ii, 38 -- League of Cambray formed against, ii, 321, 322 -- sue for peace, ii, 328 -- employ Francesco Maria I., ii, 423-8, 431-5 -- leagues against the Emperor Charles V., iii, 37

Ventura di Simone, iii, 408

Venturelli, Vittorio, iii, 242

Venturi, Bastiano, iii, 477 -- _Storia dell'Arte Italiana_, ii, 188 note -- his list of Urbino pictures, iii, 485

Venturi, Lattanzio, iii, 353

Venturi, Venturo, iii, 354

Venturini, Francesco, his Latin grammar, ii, 114 -- his pupils, ii, 114

Vercelli, Battista da, ii, 391, 426

Verdi, ii, 365

Verdizzotti, sonnet by, iii, 131, 358

Verga, Dr. Andrea, on Tasso, iii, 312, 313

Vergilio, Polydoro di, obtains preferment in England, ii, 115 -- his works, ii, 116 -- his _History of England_, ii, 116-18 -- quoted, ii, 466-7

Vergiliano, i, 197

Vermiglioli, ii, 5, 10 note, 395

Vernarecci, ii, 67 note, 148 note; iii, 88 note

Verona, ii, 317, 364, 410, 412, 435; iii, 379 -- fortress of, iii, 55 -- Guidobaldo II. at, iii, 260

Veronensis, Gaspar, on Alexander VI., i, 317 note

Veronese, Paolo, iii, 338, 361, 379

Verrocchio, ii, 199 note, 291

Verucchio, i, 404; ii, 28, 32 -- tricked surrender of, i, 140

Vespasiano, i, 149, 186, 211 note -- _Vite_, i, 166 note -- on court of Urbino, i, 152 -- on library of Urbino, i, 164, 168 -- on Duke Federigo, i, 230, 272

Vesuvius, iii, 300

Veterani, Federigo, librarian at Urbino, i, 168 -- quoted, i, 269 -- transcriber of MSS., ii, 143, 144 -- his verse, ii, 145

Veterani, Giulio, iii, 143

Vettori, Pietro, iii, 294

Viane, Count, i, 123; ii, 31; iii, 71 note

Vincenza, iii, 81, 394

Vicino da Imola, i, 480

Vicopisano, i, 356

Vienne, i, 348

Vieri, Ugolino, iii, 405 note

Vieussieux, iii, 113 note

Vigeri, the, iii, 131

Vigerio, Stefano, iii, 89

Villa Franca, iii, 137

Villani, ii, 74 note -- on coinage, i, xlii -- on Count Guido the elder, i, 26, 32 -- _Cronaca_, i, 32 note

Vincennes, iii, 120

Vincenzo of Mantua, Prince, iii, 326

Vinova, ii, 277

Virgil, quoted, i, 121, ii, 81

Visconti, Barnabo, iii, 463 note

Visconti, Bianca Maria, i, 73, 96

Visconti, Count Cesare di Castelbarco, ii, 460

Visconti, Duke Giovan Maria, i, 235 note

Visconti, Filippo Maria, i, 73, 81, 91, 93, 436 -- death of, i, 95, 96 -- treachery of, i, 97 -- bequest of sovereignty, i, 97

Visconti, Valentina, i, 372

Viseo, Bishop of, ii, 44 note

Vitale, Alessandro, ii, 161; iii, 378

Vite, Timoteo della, i, 162; ii, 148, 324; iii, 347, 350 -- Raffaele and, ii, 224 note, 231, 257-9 -- works of, ii, 24, 255-9

Vitelli, the, ii, 225, 325 -- Seigneury of, i, 18 -- at Città di Castello, i, 225 -- Condottieri, i, 360

Vitelli, Alessandro, iii, 92

Vitelli, Bishop of Urbino, ii, 377

Vitelli, Camillo, i, 335

Vitelli, Chiappino, entertains Princess Elisabetta, iii, 106

Vitelli, Gian Paolo, i, 420

Vitelli, Giulio, ii, 369

Vitelli, Isabella, iii, 82

Vitelli, Nicolò, i, 247

Vitelli, Paolo, i, 360, 370

Vitelli, Vitello, ii, 361, 381, 385, 413 -- commands the Florentines, ii, 436

Vitelli, Vitellozzo, i, 360, 310 -- at Arezzo, i, 412, 419, 400, 403 -- murdered at Sinigaglia, ii, 3, 4, 10

Vitellioni, ii, 205

Viterbo, i, 82, 253; ii, 456; iii, 5, 34, 357, 429, 433 -- battle of, i, 363 -- bishop of, ii, 280

Vitruvius, i, 159

Vittorio, Don V., iii, 419

Vittoria, Duchess of Urbino, iii, 260, 275, 294, 304 -- marriage of, iii, 100, 295, 352, 400 -- death of, iii, 171, 172 -- inscription on, iii, 460 -- portrait of, iii, 489

Vittoria, Princess, Grand Duchess of Tuscany, birth of, iii, 210 -- education of, iii, 213, 239 -- sent to Tuscany, iii, 214 -- betrothed to Ferdinand II., iii, 213, 114 -- letters of, iii, 231-8 -- character of, iii, 239 -- marriage of, iii, 239 -- death of, iii, 239

Vivaldi, iii, 280 note, 310 note

Vivarini, the, ii, 191, 197

Viviani, Antonio, iii, 377 -- Ludovico, iii, 378

Voigt, i, 313 note

Volpelli's history of S. Leo, i, 79

Voltaire, ii, 19 note

Volterra, i, 227 note, i, 446; ii, 371 -- described, i, 208 -- siege and sack of, i, 210, 211, 212, 449 -- arms of, i, 212 note

Volterrano, i, 221 note, 253 note -- on Julius II., ii, 301

Walpole, Horace, iii, 360, 422

Ward, Lord, ii, 225

Waters, W.G., _Piero della Francesca_, i, 286 note

Wellesley, Dr., i, xliv

Western Empire, decay of, i, 4

Whear, ii, 117

Wigtown, Earl of, i, xiii

Wilkie, David, on Italian art, ii, 175, 176

William III. of England, iii, 43

Winchester, Bishop of, ii, 117

Winspeare's _St. d'Abusi Feudali_, i, 6 note

Witting, ii, 203 note

Wolsey, Cardinal, ii, 116 -- letter to, ii, 434, 440 -- his letter to Lorenzo de' Medici, ii, 484

Woodburn, Mr. Samuel, ii, 159 note

Woodward, Professor, _V. da Feltre_, i, 69 note

Worcester, Bishop of, ii, 440, 466

Wordsworth, _Excursion_, ii, 178

Wyatt, Sir Thomas, iii, 89 note

Xante, Fra, iii, 417 note, 420, 421

Xativa, i, 317

Young Italy, provincial spirit of, i, 20

Yriarte, ii, 74 note -- _César Borgia_, ii, 19 note -- _Autour des Borgias_, ii, 19 note

Zaccagnini, Guido, i, 63 note; ii, 369 note -- _Vita di B. Baldi_, i, 295 note -- on Baldi, iii, 266 note, 270 note, 271 note

Zambotto, quoted, i, 269 note

Zane, iii, 113 note, 134, 149 -- on Urbino, iii, 464, 466

Zanelli, ii, 73 note

Zannetti, i, 193 -- on coinage, ii, 269

Zannoni, G., _Federico II._, i, 63 note, 230 note

Zara, iii, 70

Zdekauer, Professor, i, xii; ii, 73 note

Zenatti, iii, 276 note

Zeni of Venice, the, ii, 198

Zeno, Cardinal, i, 220

Zibetto and the outbreak of the Urbino citizens, iii, 114

Zizim, _see_ Gem

Zoccolantines, Church of the, i, 283, 287, 407; ii, 85, 211; iii, 240, 349, 459 -- founded by Giovanni della Rovere, ii, 299

Zoppo, Marco, ii, 265

Zuccari, the, iii, 346, 487, 488 -- portraits of, iii, 365, 366

Zuccaro, Federigo, ii, 233, 460; iii, 201, 484 -- paintings of, iii, 357-67, 372 -- his Calumny, iii, 360 -- in Madrid, iii, 361-3, 369 -- style of, iii, 364, 370 -- his palace on the Pincian, iii, 367 -- his writings, iii, 367

Zuccaro, Ottaviano, iii, 355

Zuccaro, Taddeo, iii, 411, 423 -- early hardships of, iii, 355 -- work of, ii, 33; iii, 356-8, 368

Zucha da Cagli, commended to Siena, ii, 111

* * * * *

VINCENZO FOPPA OF BRESCIA, FOUNDER OF THE LOMBARD SCHOOL, HIS LIFE AND WORK. By CONSTANCE JOCELYN FFOULKES and MONSIGNOR RODOLFO MAIOCCHI, D.D., Rector of The Collegio Borromeo, Pavia. Based on research in the Archives of Milan, Pavia, Brescia, and Genoa, and on the study of his known works. With over 100 Illustrations, many in Photogravure, and 100 Documents. Demy 4to. The published price of this book will be reduced to Four Guineas net to subscribers whose orders, accompanied by remittance, are received on or before the day of publication. After that date the price will be raised to Five Guineas net. Limited to 300 copies for sale in England and America. 105/- net.

DUMOURIEZ AND THE DEFENCE OF ENGLAND AGAINST NAPOLEON. By J. HOLLAND ROSE, Litt.D. (Cantab.), Author of "The Life of Napoleon," etc., and A.M. BROADLEY, Joint Author of "Napoleon and the Invasion of England." Illustrated with numerous Portraits, Maps, and Facsimiles. Demy 8vo. (9 × 5-3/4 inches). 21/- net.

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LONDON: JOHN LANE, THE BODLEY HEAD, VIGO ST., W.

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THE LIFE OF JOAN OF ARC. By ANATOLE FRANCE, a Translation by WINIFRED STEPHENS. With 8 Illustrations. Demy 8vo. 9 × 5-3/4 inches, 2 vols. 25/- net.

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NAPOLEON AND THE ARCHDUKE CHARLES. A History of the Franco-Austrian Campaign in the valley of the Danube, in 1809. By F. LORAINE PETRE, author of "Napoleon's Campaign in Poland," "Napoleon's Conquest of Prussia," etc. With 8 Illustrations and 5 Sheets of Maps and Plans. Demy 8vo. (9 × 5-3/4 inches). 12/6 net.

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LONDON: JOHN LANE, THE BODLEY HEAD, VIGO ST., W.

* * * * *

THE WORKS OF ANATOLE FRANCE

It has long been a reproach to England that only one volume by ANATOLE FRANCE has been adequately rendered into English; yet outside this country he shares with TOLSTOI the distinction of being the greatest and most daring student of humanity now living.

¶ There have been many difficulties to encounter in completing arrangements for a uniform edition, though perhaps the chief barrier to publication here has been the fact that his writings are not for babes--but for men and the mothers of men. Indeed, some of his Eastern romances are written with biblical candour. "I have sought truth strenuously," he tells us, "I have met her boldly. I have never turned from her even when she wore an unexpected aspect." Still, it is believed that the day has come for giving English versions of all his imaginative works, and of his monumental study JOAN OF ARC, which is undoubtedly the most discussed book in the world of letters to-day.

¶ MR. JOHN LANE has pleasure in announcing that he will commence publication of the works of M. ANATOLE FRANCE in English, under the general editorship of MR. FREDERIC CHAPMAN, with the following volumes:

THE RED LILY MOTHER OF PEARL THE GARDEN OF EPICURUS THE CRIME OF SYLVESTRE BONNARD THE WELL OF ST. CLARE THE OPINIONS OF JEROME COIGNARD JOCASTA AND THE FAMISHED CAT BALTHASAR THE ASPIRATIONS OF JEAN SERVIEN THE ELM TREE ON THE MALL MY FRIEND'S BOOK THE WICKER-WORK WOMAN THAÏS AT THE SIGN OF THE QUEEN PÉDAUQUE JOAN OF ARC (2 vols.)

¶ All the books will be published at 6/- each with the exception of JOAN OF ARC, which will be 25/- net the two volumes, with eight Illustrations.

¶ The format of the volumes leaves little to be desired. The size is Demy 8vo (9 × 5-3/4 in.), that of this Prospectus, and they will be printed from Caslon type upon a paper light in weight and strong in texture, with a cover design in crimson and gold, a gilt top, end-papers from designs by Aubrey Beardsley and initials by Henry Ospovat. In short, these are volumes for the bibliophile as well as the lover of fiction, and form perhaps the cheapest library edition of copyright novels ever published, for the price is only that of an ordinary novel.

¶ The translation of these books has been entrusted to such competent French scholars as MR. ALFRED ALLINSON, HON. MAURICE BARING, MR. FREDERIC CHAPMAN, MR. ROBERT B. DOUGLAS, MR. A.W. EVANS, MRS. FARLEY, MRS. JOHN LANE, MRS. NEWMARCH, MR. C.E. ROCHE, MISS WINIFRED STEPHENS, and MISS M.P. WILLCOCKS.

¶ As Anatole Thibault, _dit_ Anatole France, is to most English readers merely a name, it will be well to state that he was born in 1844 in the picturesque and inspiring surroundings of an old bookshop on the Quai Voltaire, Paris, kept by his father, Monsieur Thibault, an authority on eighteenth-century history, from whom the boy caught the passion for the principles of the Revolution, while from his mother he was learning to love the ascetic ideals chronicled in the Lives of the Saints. He was schooled with the lovers of old books, missals and manuscripts; he matriculated on the Quais with the old Jewish dealers of curios and _objets d'art_; he graduated in the great university of life and experience. It will be recognised that all his work is permeated by his youthful impressions; he is, in fact, a virtuoso at large.

¶ He has written about thirty volumes of fiction. His first novel was JOCASTA & THE FAMISHED CAT (1879). THE CRIME OF SYLVESTRE BONNARD appeared in 1881, and had the distinction of being crowned by the French Academy, into which he was received in 1896.

¶ His work is illuminated with style, scholarship, and psychology; but its outstanding features are the lambent wit, the gay mockery, the genial irony with which he touches every subject he treats. But the wit is never malicious, the mockery never derisive, the irony never barbed. To quote from his own GARDEN OF EPICURUS: "Irony and Pity are both of good counsel; the first with her smiles makes life agreeable, the other sanctifies it to us with her tears. The Irony I invoke is no cruel deity. She mocks neither love nor beauty. She is gentle and kindly disposed. Her mirth disarms anger and it is she teaches us to laugh at rogues and fools whom but for her we might be so weak as to hate."

¶ Often he shows how divine humanity triumphs over mere ascetism, and with entire reverence; indeed, he might be described as an ascetic overflowing with humanity, just as he has been termed a "pagan, but a pagan constantly haunted by the pre-occupation of Christ." He is in turn--like his own Choulette in THE RED LILY--saintly and Rabelaisian, yet without incongruity. At all times he is the unrelenting foe of superstition and hypocrisy. Of himself he once modestly said: "You will find in my writings perfect sincerity (lying demands a talent I do not possess), much indulgence, and some natural affection for the beautiful and good."

¶ The mere extent of an author's popularity is perhaps a poor argument, yet it is significant that two books by this author are in their HUNDRED AND TENTH THOUSAND, and numbers of them well into their SEVENTIETH THOUSAND, whilst the one which a Frenchman recently described as "Monsieur France's most arid book" is in its FIFTY-EIGHTH THOUSAND.

¶ Inasmuch as M. FRANCE'S ONLY contribution to an English periodical appeared in THE YELLOW BOOK, vol. v., April 1895, together with the first important English appreciation of his work from the pen of the Hon. Maurice Baring, it is peculiarly appropriate that the English edition of his works should be issued from the Bodley Head.

* * * * *

ORDER FORM

_________________________________________________ 190

_To Mr._ _________________________________________ _Bookseller_

_Please send me the following works of Anatole France to be issued in June and July:_

THE RED LILY MOTHER OF PEARL THE GARDEN OF EPICURUS THE CRIME OF SYLVESTRE BONNARD

_for which I enclose_ _______________________________________

_Name_ _____________________________________________________

_Address_ __________________________________________________

JOHN LANE, PUBLISHER, THE BODLEY HEAD, VIGO ST. LONDON, W.

* * * * *

_NOTICE_

_Those who possess old letters, documents, correspondence, MSS., scraps of autobiography, and also miniatures and portraits, relating to persons and matters historical, literary, political and social, should communicate with Mr. John Lane, The Bodley Head, Vigo Street, London, W., who will at all times be pleased to give his advice and assistance, either as to their preservation or publication._

* * * * *

LIVING MASTERS OF MUSIC

An Illustrated Series of Monographs dealing with Contemporary Musical Life, and including Representatives of all Branches of the Art. Edited by ROSA NEWMARCH. Crown 8vo. Cloth. 2_s._ 6_d._ net each volume.

HENRY J. WOOD. By ROSA NEWMARCH. SIR EDWARD ELGAR. By R.J. BUCKLEY. JOSEPH JOACHIM. By J.A. FULLER MAITLAND. EDWARD MACDOWELL. By L. GILMAN. EDVARD GRIEG. By H.T. FINCK. THEODOR LESCHETIZKY. By A. HULLAH. GIACOMO PUCCINI. By WAKELING DRY. ALFRED BRUNEAU. By ARTHUR HERVEY. IGNAZ PADEREWSKI. By E.A. BAUGHAN.

_The following Volumes are in preparation:_

RICHARD STRAUSS. By A. KALISCH. CLAUDE DEBUSSY. By Franz Liebich.

STARS OF THE STAGE

A Series of Illustrated Biographies of the Leading Actors, Actresses, and Dramatists. Edited by J.T. GREIN. Crown 8vo. 2_s._ 6_d._ each net.

[Symbol: asterism] _It was Schiller who said: "Twine no wreath for the actor, since his work is oral and ephemeral." "Stars of the Stage" may in some degree remove this reproach. There are hundreds of thousands of playgoers, and both editor and publisher think it reasonable to assume that a considerable number of these would like to know something about actors, actresses, and dramatists, whose work they nightly applaud. Each volume will be carefully illustrated, and as far as text, printing, and paper are concerned will be a notable book. Great care has been taken in selecting the biographers, who in most cases have already accumulated much appropriate material._

_First Volumes._

ELLEN TERRY. By CHRISTOPHER ST. JOHN. HERBERT BEERBOHM TREE. By MRS. GEORGE CRAN. W.S. GILBERT. By EDITH A. BROWNE. CHAS. WYNDHAM. By FLORENCE TEIGNMOUTH SHORE. GEORGE BERNARD SHAW. By G.K. CHESTERTON.

* * * * *

_A CATALOGUE OF MEMOIRS, BIOGRAPHIES, ETC._

_WORKS UPON NAPOLEON_

NAPOLEON & THE INVASION OF ENGLAND: The Story of the Great Terror, 1797-1805. By H.F.B. WHEELER and A.M. BROADLEY. With upwards of 100 Full-page Illustrations reproduced from Contemporary Portraits, Prints, etc.; eight in Colour. Two Volumes. 32_s._ net.

_Outlook._--"The book is not merely one to be ordered from the library; it should be purchased, kept on an accessible shelf, and constantly studied by all Englishmen who love England."

_Westminster Gazette._--"Messrs. Wheeler and Broadley have succeeded in producing a work on the threatened invasion of England by Napoleon, which treats of the subject with a fulness of detail and a completeness of documentary evidence that are unexampled."

DUMOURIEZ AND THE DEFENCE OF ENGLAND AGAINST NAPOLEON. By J. HOLLAND ROSE, Litt.D. (Cantab.), Author of "The Life of Napoleon," and A.M. BROADLEY, joint-author of "Napoleon and the Invasion of England." Illustrated with numerous Portraits, Maps, and Facsimiles. Demy 8vo. 21_s._ net.

THE FALL OF NAPOLEON. By OSCAR BROWNING, M.A., Author of "The Boyhood and Youth of Napoleon." With numerous Full-page Illustrations. Demy 8vo (9 × 5-3/4 inches). 12_s._ 6_d._ net.

_Spectator._--"Without doubt Mr. Oscar Browning has produced a book which should have its place in any library of Napoleonic literature."

_Truth._--"Mr. Oscar Browning has made not the least, but the most of the romantic material at his command for the story of the fall of the greatest figure in history."

THE BOYHOOD & YOUTH OF NAPOLEON, 1769-1793. Some Chapters on the early life of Bonaparte. By OSCAR BROWNING, M.A. With numerous Illustrations, Portraits, etc. Crown 8vo. 5_s._ net.

_Daily News._--"Mr. Browning has with patience, labour, careful study, and excellent taste given us a very valuable work, which will add materially to the literature on this most fascinating of human personalities."

_Literary World._--"... Mr. Browning has examined all the available sources of information and carefully weighed his historical evidence. His discriminating treatment has resulted in a book that is ... one that arrests attention by the conviction its reasoned conclusions carry."

THE DUKE OF REICHSTADT (NAPOLEON II.) By EDWARD DE WERTHEIMER. Translated from the German. With numerous Illustrations. Demy 8vo. 21_s._ net. (Second Edition.)

_Times._--"A most careful and interesting work which presents the first complete and authoritative account of the life of this unfortunate Prince."

_Westminster Gazette._--"This book, admirably produced, reinforced by many additional portraits, is a solid contribution to history and a monument of patient, well-applied research."

NAPOLEON'S CONQUEST OF PRUSSIA, 1806. By F. LORAINE PETRE. With an Introduction by FIELD-MARSHAL EARL ROBERTS, V.C., K.G., etc. With Maps, Battle Plans, Portraits, and 16 Full-page Illustrations. Demy 8vo (9 × 5-3/4 inches). 12_s._ 6_d._ net.

_Scotsman._--"Neither too concise, nor too diffuse, the book is eminently readable. It is the best work in English on a somewhat circumscribed subject."

_Outlook._--"Mr. Petre has visited the battlefields and read everything, and his monograph is a model of what military history, handled with enthusiasm and literary ability, can be."

NAPOLEON'S CAMPAIGN IN POLAND, 1806-1807. A Military History of Napoleon's First War with Russia, verified from unpublished official documents. By F. LORAINE PETRE. With 16 Full-page Illustrations, Maps, and Plans. New Edition. Demy 8vo (9 × 5-3/4 inches). 12_s._ 6_d._ net.

_Army and Navy Chronicle._--"We welcome a second edition of this valuable work.... Mr. Loraine Petre is an authority on the wars of the great Napoleon, and has brought the greatest care and energy into his studies of the subject."

NAPOLEON AND THE ARCHDUKE CHARLES. A History of the Franco-Austrian Campaign in the Valley of the Danube in 1809. By F. LORAINE PETRE. With 8 Illustrations and 6 sheets of Maps and Plans. Demy 8vo (9 × 5-3/4 inches). 12_s._ 6_d._ net.

RALPH HEATHCOTE. Letters of a Diplomatist During the Time of Napoleon, Giving an Account of the Dispute between the Emperor and the Elector of Hesse. By COUNTESS GÜNTHER GRÖBEN. With Numerous Illustrations. Demy 8vo (9 × 5-3/4 inches). 12_s._ 6_d._ net.

[Symbol: asterism] _Ralph Heathcote, the son of an English father and an Alsatian mother, was for some time in the English diplomatic service as first secretary to Mr. Brook Taylor, minister at the Court of Hesse, and on one occasion found himself very near to making history. Napoleon became persuaded that Taylor was implicated in a plot to procure his assassination, and insisted on his dismissal from the Hessian Court. As Taylor refused to be dismissed, the incident at one time seemed likely to result to the Elector in the loss of his throne. Heathcote came into contact with a number of notable people, including the Miss Berrys, with whom he assures his mother he is not in love. On the whole, there is much interesting material for lovers of old letters and journals._

MEMOIRS OF THE COUNT DE CARTRIE. A record of the extraordinary events in the life of a French Royalist during the war in La Vendée, and of his flight to Southampton, where he followed the humble occupation of gardener. With an introduction by FRÉDÉRIC MASSON, Appendices and Notes by PIERRE AMÉDÉE PICHOT, and other hands, and numerous Illustrations, including a Photogravure Portrait of the Author. Demy 8vo. 12_s._ 6_d._ net.

_Daily News._--"We have seldom met with a human document which has interested us so much."

_Athenæum._--"As a record of personal suffering and indomitable perseverance against opposing circumstances the narrative of De Cartrie's escape to the Eastern frontier, in the disguise of a master-gunner, could not easily be surpassed."

WOMEN OF THE SECOND EMPIRE. Chronicles of the Court of Napoleon III. By FRÉDÉRIC LOLIÉE. With an introduction by RICHARD WHITEING and 53 full-page Illustrations, 3 in Photogravure. Demy 8vo. 21_s._ net.

_Standard._--"M. Frédéric Loliée has written a remarkable book, vivid and pitiless in its description of the intrigue and dare-devil spirit which flourished unchecked at the French Court.... Mr. Richard Whiteing's introduction is written with restraint and dignity."

_Daily Telegraph._--"It is a really fascinating story, or series of stories, set forth in this volume.... Here are anecdotes innumerable of the brilliant women of the Second Empire, so that in reading the book we are not only dazzled by the beauty and gorgeousness of everything, but we are entertained by the record of things said and done, and through all we are conscious of the coming 'gloom and doom' so soon to overtake the Court. Few novels possess the fascination of this spirited work, and many readers will hope that the author will carry out his proposal of giving us a further series of memories of the 'Women of the Second Empire.'"

LOUIS NAPOLEON AND THE GENESIS OF THE SECOND EMPIRE. By F.H. CHEETHAM. With Numerous Illustrations. Demy 8vo (9 × 5-3/4 inches). 16_s._ net.

MEMOIRS OF MADEMOISELLE DES ÉCHEROLLES. Translated from the French by MARIE CLOTHILDE BALFOUR. With an Introduction by G.K. FORTESCUE, Portraits, etc. 5_s._ net.

_Liverpool Mercury._--"... this absorbing book.... The work has a very decided historical value. The translation is excellent, and quite notable in the preservation of idiom."

JANE AUSTEN'S SAILOR BROTHERS. Being the life and Adventures of Sir Francis Austen, G.C.B., Admiral of the Fleet, and Rear-Admiral Charles Austen. By J.H. and E.C. HUBBACK. With numerous Illustrations. Demy 8vo. 12_s._ 6_d._ net.

_Morning Post._--"... May be welcomed as an important addition to Austeniana ...; it is besides valuable for its glimpses of life in the Navy, its illustrations of the feelings and sentiments of naval officers during the period that preceded and that which followed the great battle of just one century ago, the battle which won so much but which cost us--Nelson."

SOME WOMEN LOVING AND LUCKLESS. By TEODOR DE WYZEWA. Translated from the French by C.H. JEFFRESON, M.A. With Numerous Illustrations. Demy 8vo (9 × 5-3/4 inches). 7_s._ 6_d._ net.

POETRY AND PROGRESS IN RUSSIA. By ROSA NEWMARCH. With 6 full-page Portraits. Demy 8vo. 7_s._ 6_d._ net.

_Standard._--"Distinctly a book that should be read ... pleasantly written and well informed."

THE LIFE OF PETER ILICH TCHAIKOVSKY (1840-1893). By his Brother, MODESTE TCHAIKOVSKY. Edited and abridged from the Russian and German Editions by ROSA NEWMARCH. With Numerous Illustrations and Facsimiles and an Introduction by the Editor. Demy 8vo. 7_s._ 6_d._ net. Second edition.

_The Times._--"A most illuminating commentary on Tchaikovsky's music."

_World._--"One of the most fascinating self-revelations by an artist which has been given to the world. The translation is excellent, and worth reading for its own sake."

_Contemporary Review._--"The book's appeal is, of course, primarily to the music-lover; but there is so much of human and literary interest in it, such intimate revelation of a singularly interesting personality, that many who have never come under the spell of the Pathetic Symphony will be strongly attracted by what is virtually the spiritual autobiography of its composer. High praise is due to the translator and editor for the literary skill with which she has prepared the English version of this fascinating work.... There have been few collections of letters published within recent years that give so vivid a portrait of the writer as that presented to us in these pages."

COKE OF NORFOLK AND HIS FRIENDS: The Life of Thomas William Coke, First Earl of Leicester of the second creation, containing an account of his Ancestry, Surroundings, Public Services, and Private Friendships, and including many Unpublished Letters from Noted Men of his day, English and American. By A.M.W. STIRLING. With 20 Photogravure and upwards of 40 other Illustrations reproduced from Contemporary Portraits, Prints, etc. Demy 8vo. 2 vols. 32_s._ net.

_The Times._--"We thank Mr. Stirling for one of the most interesting memoirs of recent years."

_Daily Telegraph._--"A very remarkable literary performance. Mrs. Stirling has achieved a resurrection. She has fashioned a picture of a dead and forgotten past and brought before our eyes with the vividness of breathing existence the life of our English ancestors of the eighteenth century."

_Pall Mall Gazette._--"A work of no common interest; in fact, a work which may almost be called unique."

_Evening-Standard._--"One of the most interesting biographies we have read for years."

THE LIFE OF SIR HALLIDAY MACARTNEY, K.C.M.G., Commander of Li Hung Chang's trained force in the Taeping Rebellion, founder of the first Chinese Arsenal, Secretary to the first Chinese Embassy to Europe. Secretary and Councillor to the Chinese Legation in London for thirty years. By DEMETRIUS C. BOULGER, Author of the "History of China," the "Life of Gordon," etc. With Illustrations. Demy 8vo. Price 24_s._ net.

_Daily Graphic._--"It is safe to say that few readers will be able to put down the book without feeling the better for having read it ... not only full of personal interest, but tells us much that we never knew before on some not unimportant details."

DEVONSHIRE CHARACTERS AND STRANGE EVENTS. By S. BARING-GOULD, M.A., Author of "Yorkshire Oddities," etc. With 58 Illustrations. Demy 8vo. 21_s._ net.

_Daily News._--"A fascinating series ... the whole book is rich in human interest. It is by personal touches, drawn from traditions and memories, that the dead men surrounded by the curious panoply of their time, are made to live again in Mr. Baring-Gould's pages."

CORNISH CHARACTERS AND STRANGE EVENTS. By S. BARING-GOULD. Demy 8vo. 16_s._ net.

THE HEART OF GAMBETTA. Translated from the French of FRANCIS LAUR by VIOLETTE MONTAGU. With an Introduction by JOHN MACDONALD, Portraits and other Illustrations. Demy 8vo. 7_s._ 6_d._ net.

_Daily Telegraph._--"It is Gambetta pouring out his soul to Léonie Leon, the strange, passionate, masterful demagogue, who wielded the most persuasive oratory of modern times, acknowledging his idol, his inspiration, his Egeria."

THE MEMOIRS OF ANN, LADY FANSHAWE. Written by Lady Fanshawe. With Extracts from the Correspondence of Sir Richard Fanshawe. Edited by H.C. FANSHAWE. With 38 Full-page Illustrations, including four in Photogravure and one in Colour. Demy 8vo. 16_s._ net.

[Symbol: asterism] _This Edition has been printed direct from the original manuscript in the possession of the Fanshawe Family, and Mr. H.C. Fanshawe contributes numerous notes which form a running commentary on the text. Many famous pictures are reproduced, including paintings by Velazquez and Van Dyck._

THE DIARY OF A LADY-IN-WAITING. By LADY CHARLOTTE BURY. Being the Diary Illustrative of the Times of George the Fourth. Interspersed with original Letters from the late Queen Caroline and from various other distinguished persons. New edition. Edited, with an Introduction, by A. FRANCIS STEUART. With numerous portraits. Two Vols. Demy 8vo. 21_s._ net.

[Symbol: asterism] _This book, which appeared anonymously in 1838, created an enormous sensation, and was fiercely criticised by Thackeray and in the Reviews of the time. There is no doubt that it was founded on the diary of Lady Charlotte Bury, daughter of the 5th Duke of Argyll, and Lady-in-Waiting to the unfortunate Caroline of Brunswick, when Princess of Wales. It deals, therefore, with the curious Court of the latter and with the scandals that occurred there, as well as with the strange vagaries of the Princess abroad. In this edition names left blank in the original have been (where possible) filled up, and many notes are given by the Editor to render it useful to the ever-increasing number of readers interested in the later Georgian Period._

THE DAUGHTER OF LOUIS XVI.: Marie-Thérèse-Charlotte of France, Duchesse D'Angoulême. By G. LENOTRE. With 13 Full-page Illustrations. Demy 8vo. 10_s._ 6_d._ net.

[Symbol: asterism] _M.G. Lenotre is perhaps the most widely read of a group of modern French writers who have succeeded in treating history from a point of view at once scientific, dramatic and popular. He has made the Revolution his particular field of research, and deals not only with the most prominent figures of that period, but with many minor characters whose life-stories are quite as thrilling as anything in fiction. The localities in which these dramas were enacted are vividly brought before us in his works, for no one has reconstructed 18th century Paris with more picturesque and accurate detail. "The Daughter of Louis XVI." is quite equal in interest and literary merit to any of the volumes which have preceded it, not excepting the famous Drama of Varennes. As usual, M. Lenotre draws his material largely from contemporary documents, and among the most remarkable memoirs reproduced in this book are "The Story of my Visit to the Temple" by Harmand de la Meuse, and the artless, but profoundly touching narrative of the unhappy orphaned Princess: "A manuscript written by Marie Thérèse Charlotte of France upon the captivity of the Princes and Princesses, her relatives, imprisoned in the Temple." The illustrations are a feature of the volume and include the so-called "telescope" portrait of the Princess, sketched from life by an anonymous artist, stationed at a window opposite her prison in the tower of the Temple._

THE TRUE STORY OF MY LIFE: an Autobiography by ALICE M. DIEHL, Novelist, Writer, and Musician. Demy 8vo. 10_s._ 6_d._ net.

_Daily Chronicle._--"This work ... has the introspective touch, intimate and revealing, which autobiography, if it is to be worth anything, should have. Mrs. Diehl's pages have reality, a living throb, and so are indeed autobiography."

HUBERT AND JOHN VAN EYCK: Their Life and Work. By W.H. JAMES WEALE. With 41 Photogravure and 95 Black and White Reproductions. Royal 4to. £5 5_s._ net.

SIR MARTIN CONWAY'S NOTE.

_Nearly half a century has passed since Mr. W.H. James Weale, then resident at Bruges, began that long series of patient investigations into the history of Netherlandish art which was destined to earn so rich a harvest. When he began work Memlinc was still called Hemling, and was fabled to have arrived at Bruges as a wounded soldier. The van Eycks were little more than legendary heroes. Roger Van der Weyden was little more than a name. Most of the other great Netherlandish artists were either wholly forgotten or named only in connection with paintings with which they had nothing to do. Mr. Weale discovered Gerard David, and disentangled his principal works from Memlinc's, with which they were then confused. During a series of years he published in the "Beffroi," a magazine issued by himself, the many important records from ancient archives which threw a flood of light upon the whole origin and development of the early Netherlandish school. By universal admission he is hailed all over Europe as the father of this study. It is due to him in great measure that the masterpieces of that school, which by neglect were in danger of perishing fifty years ago, are now recognised as among the most priceless treasures of the Museums of Europe and the United States. The publication by him, therefore, in the ripeness of his years and experience, of the result of his studies on the van Eycks is a matter of considerable importance to students of art history. Lately, since the revived interest in the works of the Early French painters has attracted the attention of untrained speculators to the superior schools of the Low Countries, a number of wild theories have been started which cannot stand upright in the face of recorded facts. A book is now needed which will set down all those facts in full and accurate form. Fullness and accuracy are the characteristics of all Mr. Weale's work._

VINCENZO FOPPA OF BRESCIA, FOUNDER OF THE LOMBARD SCHOOL, HIS LIFE AND WORK. By CONSTANCE JOCELYN FFOULKES and MONSIGNOR RODOLFO MAJOCCHI, D.D., Rector of the Collegio Borromeo, Pavia. Based on research in the Archives of Milan, Pavia, Brescia, and Genoa, and on the study of all his known works. With over 100 Illustrations, many in Photogravure, and 100 Documents. Royal 4to. £3. 11_s._ 6_d._ net.

[Symbol: asterism] _No complete Life of Vincenzo Foppa, one of the greatest of the North Italian Masters, has ever been written: an omission which seems almost inexplicable in these days of over-production in the matter of biographies of painters, and of subjects relating to the art of Italy. In Milanese territory--the sphere of Foppa's activity during many years--he was regarded by his contemporaries as unrivalled in his art, and his right to be considered the head and founder of the Lombard school is undoubted. His influence was powerful and far-reaching, extending eastwards beyond the limits of Brescian territory, and south and westwards to Liguria and Piedmont. In the Milanese district it was practically dominant for over a quarter of a century, until the coming of Leonardo da Vinci thrust Foppa and his followers into the shade, and induced him to abandon Pavia, which had been his home for more than thirty years, and to return to Brescia. The object of the authors of this book has been to present a true picture of the master's life based upon the testimony of records in Italian archives; all facts hitherto known relating to him have been brought together; all statements have been verified; and a great deal of new and unpublished material has been added. The authors have unearthed a large amount of new material relating to Foppa, one of the most interesting facts brought to light being that he lived for twenty-three years longer than was formerly supposed. The illustrations will include several pictures by Foppa hitherto unknown in the history of art, and others which have never before been published, as well as reproductions of every existing work by the master at present known._

CÉSAR FRANCK: A Study. Translated from the French of Vincent d'Indy. And with an Introduction by ROSA NEWMARCH. Demy 8vo. 7_s._ 6_d._ net.

[Symbol: asterism] _There is no purer influence in modern music than that of César Franck, for many years ignored in every capacity save that of organist of Sainte-Clotilde, in Paris, but now recognised as the legitimate successor of Bach and Beethoven. His inspiration "rooted in love and faith" has contributed in a remarkable degree to the regeneration of the musical art in France and elsewhere. The now famous "Schola Cantorum," founded in Paris in 1896, by A. Guilmant, Charles Bordes and Vincent d'Indy, is the direct outcome of his influence. Among the artists who were in some sort his disciples were Paul Dukas, Chabrier, Gabriel Fauré and the great violinist Ysäye. His pupils include such gifted composers as Benoît, Augusta Holmès, Chausson, Ropartz, and d'Indy. This book, written with the devotion of a disciple and the authority of a master, leaves us with a vivid and touching impression of the saint-like composer of "The Beatitudes."_

JUNIPER HALL: Rendezvous of certain illustrious Personages during the French Revolution, including Alexander D'Arblay and Fanny Burney. Compiled by CONSTANCE HILL. With numerous Illustrations by ELLEN G. HILL, and reproductions from various Contemporary Portraits. Crown 8vo. 5_s._ net.

_Daily Telegraph._--"... one of the most charming volumes published within recent years.... Miss Hill has drawn a really idyllic and graphic picture of the daily life and gossip of the stately but unfortunate dames and noblemen who found in Juniper Hall a thoroughly English home."

_The Times._--"This book makes another on the long and seductive list of books that take up history just where history proper leaves off.... We have given but a faint idea of the freshness, the innocent gaiety of its pages; we can give none at all of the beauty and interest of the pictures that adorn it."

_Westminster Gazette._--"Skilfully and charmingly told."

JANE AUSTEN: Her Homes and Her Friends. By CONSTANCE HILL. Numerous Illustrations by ELLEN G. HILL, together with Reproductions from Old Portraits, etc. Cr. 8vo. 5_s._ net.

_World._--"Miss Constance Hill has given us a thoroughly delightful book...."

_Spectator._--"This book is a valuable contribution to Austen lore."

_Daily Telegraph._--"Miss Constance Hill, the authoress of this charming book, has laid all devout admirers of Jane Austen and her inimitable novels under a debt of gratitude."

THE HOUSE IN ST. MARTIN'S STREET. Being Chronicles of the Burney Family. By CONSTANCE HILL, Author of "Jane Austen, Her Home, and Her Friends," "Juniper Hall," etc. With numerous Illustrations by ELLEN G. HILL, and reproductions of Contemporary Portraits, etc. Demy 8vo. 21_s._ net.

_World._--"This valuable and very fascinating work.... Charmingly illustrated.... Those interested in this stirring period of history and the famous folk who were Fanny Burney's friends should not fail to add 'The House in St. Martin's Street' to their collection of books."

Mr. C.K. SHORTER in _Sphere_.--"Miss Hill has written a charming, an indispensable book."

STORY OF THE PRINCESS DES URSINS IN SPAIN (Camarera-Mayor). By CONSTANCE HILL. With 12 Illustrations and a Photogravure Frontispiece. New Edition. Crown 8vo. 5_s._ net.

_Truth._--"It is a brilliant study of the brilliant Frenchwoman who in the early years of the eighteenth century played such a remarkable part in saving the Bourbon dynasty in Spain. Miss Hill's narrative is interesting from the first page to the last, and the value of the book is enhanced by the reproductions of contemporary portraits with which it is illustrated."

NEW LETTERS OF THOMAS CARLYLE. Edited and Annotated by ALEXANDER CARLYLE, with Notes and an Introduction and numerous Illustrations. In Two Volumes. Demy 8vo. 25_s._ net.

_Pall Mall Gazette._--"To the portrait of the man, Thomas, these letters do really add value; we can learn to respect and to like him the more for the genuine goodness of his personality."

_Morning Leader._--"These volumes open the very heart of Carlyle."

_Literary World._--"It is then Carlyle, the nobly filial son, we see in these letters; Carlyle, the generous and affectionate brother, the loyal and warm-hearted friend, ... and above all, Carlyle as the tender and faithful lover of his wife."

_Daily Telegraph._--"The letters are characteristic enough of the Carlyle we know: very picturesque and entertaining, full of extravagant emphasis, written, as a rule, at fever beat, eloquently rabid and emotional."

THE NEMESIS OF FROUDE: a Rejoinder to "My Relations with Carlyle." By SIR JAMES CRICHTON BROWNE and ALEXANDER CARLYLE. Demy 8vo. 3_s._ 6_d._ net.

_Glasgow Herald._--"... The book practically accomplishes its task of reinstating Carlyle; as an attack on Froude it is overwhelming."

_Public Opinion._--"The main object of the book is to prove that Froude believed a myth and betrayed his trust. That aim has been achieved."

NEW LETTERS AND MEMORIALS OF JANE WELSH CARLYLE. A Collection of hitherto Unpublished Letters. Annotated by THOMAS CARLYLE, and Edited by ALEXANDER CARLYLE, with an Introduction by Sir JAMES CRICHTON BROWNE, M.D., LL.D., F.R.S., numerous Illustrations drawn in Lithography by T.R. WAY, and Photogravure Portraits from hitherto unreproduced Originals. In Two Volumes. Demy 8vo. 25_s._ net.

_Westminster Gazette._--"Few letters in the language have in such perfection the qualities which good letters should possess. Frank, gay, brilliant, indiscreet, immensely clever, whimsical, and audacious, they reveal a character which, with whatever alloy of human infirmity, must endear itself to any reader of understanding."

_World._--"Throws a deal of new light on the domestic relations of the Sage of Chelsea. They also contain the full text of Mrs. Carlyle's fascinating journal, and her own 'humorous and quaintly candid' narrative of her first love-affair."

_Daily News._--"Every page ... scintillates with keen thoughts, biting criticisms, flashing phrases, and touches of bright comedy."

ÉMILE ZOLA: NOVELIST AND REFORMER. An Account of his Life, Work, and Influence. By E.A. VIZETELLY. With numerous Illustrations, Portraits, etc. Demy 8vo. 21_s._ net.

_Morning Post._--"Mr. Ernest Vizetelly has given ... a very true insight into the aims, character, and life of the novelist."

_Athenæum._--"... Exhaustive and interesting."

_M.A.P._--"... will stand as the classic biography of Zola."

_Star._--"This 'Life' of Zola is a very fascinating book."

_Academy._--"It was inevitable that the authoritative life of Emile Zola should be from the pen of E.A. Vizetelly. No one probably has the same qualifications, and this bulky volume of nearly six hundred pages is a worthy tribute to the genius of the master."

Mr. T.P. O'CONNOR in _T.P.'s Weekly._--"It is a story of fascinating interest, and is told admirably by Mr. Vizetelly. I can promise any one who takes it up that he will find it very difficult to lay it down again."

MEMOIRS OF THE MARTYR KING: being a detailed record of the last two years of the Reign of His Most Sacred Majesty King Charles the First, 1646-1648-9. Compiled by ALLAN FEA. With upwards of 100 Photogravure Portraits and other Illustrations, including relics. Royal 4to. 105_s._ net.

Mr. M.H. SPIELMANN in _The Academy._--"The volume is a triumph for the printer and publisher, and a solid contribution to Carolinian literature."

_Pall Mall Gazette._--"The present sumptuous volume, a storehouse of eloquent associations ... comes as near to outward perfection as anything we could desire."

AFTER WORCESTER FIGHT: being the Contemporary Account of King Charles II.'s escape, not included in "The Flight of the King." By ALLAN FEA. With numerous Illustrations. Demy 8vo. 15_s._ net.

_Morning Post._--"The work possesses all the interest of a thrilling historical romance, the scenes of which are described by the characters themselves, in the language of the time, and forms a valuable contribution to existing Stuart literature."

_Western Morning News._--"Mr. Fea has shown great industry in investigating every possible fact that has any bearing on his subject, and has succeeded in thoroughly establishing the incidents of that romantic escape."

_Standard._--"... throws fresh light on one of the most romantic episodes in the annals of English History."

KING MONMOUTH: being a History of the Career of James Scott, the Protestant Duke, 1649-1685. By ALLAN FEA. With 14 Photogravure Portraits, a Folding-plan of the Battle of Sedgemoor, and upwards of 100 black and white Illustrations. Demy 8vo. 21_s._ net.

_Morning Post._--"The story of Monmouth's career is one of the most remarkable in the annals of English History, and Mr. Fea's volume is singularly fascinating. Not only does it supplement and correct the prejudiced though picturesque pages of Macaulay, but it seems to make the reader personally acquainted with a large number of the characters who prominently figured in the conspiracies and in the intrigues, amorous and political, when society and politics were seething in strange cauldrons."

FRENCH NOVELISTS OF TO-DAY: Maurice Barres, Réné Bazin, Paul Bourget, Pierre de Coulevain, Anatole France, Pierre Loti, Marcel Prévost, and Edouard Rod. Biographical, Descriptive, and Critical. By WINIFRED STEPHENS. With Portraits and Bibliographies. Crown 8vo. 5_s._ net.

[Symbol: asterism] _The writer, who has lived much in France, is thoroughly acquainted with French life and with the principal currents of French thought. The book is intended to be a guide to English readers desirous to keep in touch with the best present-day French fiction. Special attention is given to the ecclesiastical, social, and intellectual problems of contemporary France and their influence upon the works of French novelists of to-day._

THE KING'S GENERAL IN THE WEST, being the Life of Sir Richard Granville, Baronet (1600-1659). By ROGER GRANVILLE, M.A., Sub-Dean of Exeter Cathedral. With Illustrations. Demy 8vo. 10_s._ 6_d._ net.

_Westminster Gazette._--"A distinctly interesting work; it will be highly appreciated by historical students as well as by ordinary readers."

THE LIFE AND LETTERS OF ROBERT STEPHEN HAWKER, sometime Vicar of Morwenstow in Cornwall. By C.E. BYLES. With numerous Illustrations by J. LEY PETHYBRIDGE and others. Demy 8vo. 7_s._ 6_d._ net.

_Daily Telegraph._--"... As soon as the volume is opened one finds oneself in the presence of a real original, a man of ability, genius and eccentricity, of whom one cannot know too much.... No one will read this fascinating and charmingly produced book without thanks to Mr. Byles and a desire to visit--or revisit--Morwenstow."

THE LIFE OF WILLIAM BLAKE. By ALEXANDER GILCHRIST. Edited with an Introduction by W. GRAHAM ROBERTSON. Numerous Reproductions from Blake's most characteristic and remarkable designs. Demy 8vo. 10_s._ 6_d._ net. New Edition.

_Birmingham Post._--"Nothing seems at all likely ever to supplant the Gilchrist biography. Mr. Swinburne praised it magnificently in his own eloquent essay on Blake, and there should be no need now to point out its entire sanity, understanding keenness of critical insight, and masterly literary style. Dealing with one of the most difficult of subjects, it ranks among the finest things of its kind that we possess."

MEMOIRS OF A ROYAL CHAPLAIN, 1729-63. The correspondence of Edmund Pyle, D.D., Domestic Chaplain to George II, with Samuel Kerrich, D.D., Vicar of Dersingham, and Rector of Wolferton and West Newton. Edited and Annotated by ALBERT HARTSHORNE. With Portrait. Demy 8vo. 16_s._ net.

_Truth._--"It is undoubtedly the most important book of the kind that has been published in recent years, and is certain to disturb many readers whose minds have not travelled with the time."

GEORGE MEREDITH: Some Characteristics. By RICHARD LE GALLIENNE. With a Bibliography (much enlarged) by JOHN LANE. Portrait, etc. Crown 8vo. 5_s._ net. Fifth Edition. Revised.

_Punch._--"All Meredithians must possess 'George Meredith; Some Characteristics,' by Richard Le Gallienne. This book is a complete and excellent guide to the novelist and the novels, a sort of Meredithian Bradshaw, with pictures of the traffic superintendent and the head office at Boxhill. Even Philistines may be won over by the blandishments of Mr. Le Gallienne."

LIFE OF LORD CHESTERFIELD. An account of the Ancestry, Personal Character, and Public Services of the Fourth Earl of Chesterfield. By W.H. CRAIG, M.A. Numerous Illustrations. Demy 8vo. 12_s._ 6_d._ net.

_Daily Telegraph._--"Mr. Craig has set out to present him (Lord Chesterfield) as one of the striking figures of a formative period in our modern history ... and has succeeded in giving us a very attractive biography of a remarkable man."

_Times._--"It is the chief point of Mr. Craig's book to show the sterling qualities which Chesterfield was at too much pains in concealing, to reject the perishable trivialities of his character, and to exhibit him as a philosophic statesman, not inferior to any of his contemporaries, except Walpole at one end of his life, and Chatham at the other."

A QUEEN OF INDISCRETIONS. The Tragedy of Caroline of Brunswick, Queen of England. From the Italian of G.P. CLERICI. Translated by FREDERIC CHAPMAN. With numerous Illustrations reproduced from contemporary Portraits and Prints. Demy 8vo. 21_s._ net.

_The Daily Telegraph._--"It could scarcely be done more thoroughly or, on the whole, in better taste than is here displayed by Professor Clerici. Mr. Frederic Chapman himself contributes an uncommonly interesting and well-informed introduction."

_Westminster Gazette._--"The volume, scholarly and well-informed ... forms one long and absorbingly interesting chapter of the _chronique scandaleuse_ of Court life ... reads like a romance, except that no romancer would care or dare to pack his pages so closely with startling effects and fantastic scenes."

LETTERS AND JOURNALS OF SAMUEL GRIDLEY HOWE. Edited by his Daughter LAURA E. RICHARDS. With Notes and a Preface by F.B. SANBORN, an Introduction by MRS. JOHN LANE, and a Portrait. Demy 8vo (9 × 5-3/4 inches). 16_s._ net.

_Outlook._--"This deeply interesting record of experience. The volume is worthily produced and contains a striking portrait of Howe."

_Daily News._--"Dr. Howe's book is full of shrewd touches; it seems to be very much a part of the lively, handsome man of the portrait. His writing is striking and vivid; it is the writing of a shrewd, keen observer, intensely interested in the event before him."

THE LIFE OF ST. MARY MAGDALEN. Translated from the Italian of an Unknown Fourteenth-Century Writer by VALENTINA HAWTREY. With an Introductory Note by VERNON LEE, and 14 Full-page Reproductions from the Old Masters. Crown 8vo. 5_s._ net.

_Daily News._--"Miss Valentina Hawtrey has given a most excellent English version of this pleasant work."

_Academy._--"The fourteenth-century fancy plays delightfully around the meagre details of the Gospel narrative, and presents the heroine in quite an unconventional light.... In its directness and artistic simplicity and its wealth of homely detail the story reads like the work of some Boccaccio of the cloister; and fourteen illustrations taken from Italian painters happily illustrate the charming text."

MEN AND LETTERS. By HERBERT PAUL, M.P. Fourth Edition. Crown 8vo. 5_s._ net.

_Daily News._--"Mr. Herbert Paul has done scholars and the reading world in general a high service in publishing this collection of his essays."

_Punch._--"His fund of good stories is inexhaustible, and his urbanity never fails. On the whole, this book is one of the very best examples of literature on literature and life."

ROBERT BROWNING: Essays and Thoughts. By J.T. NETTLESHIP. With Portrait. Crown 8vo. 5_s._ 6_d._ net. (Third Edition.)

A LATER PEPYS. The Correspondence of Sir William Weller Pepys, Bart., Master in Chancery, 1758-1825, with Mrs. Chapone, Mrs. Hartley, Mrs. Montague, Hannah More, William Franks, Sir James Macdonald, Major Rennell, Sir Nathaniel Wraxall, and others. Edited, with an Introduction and Notes, by ALICE C.C. GAUSSEN. With numerous Illustrations. Demy 8vo. In Two Volumes. 32_s._ net.

DOUGLAS SLADEN in the _Queen_.--"This is indisputably a most valuable contribution to the literature of the eighteenth century. It is a veritable storehouse of society gossip, the art criticism, and the _mots_ of famous people."

_Academy and Literature._--"The effect consists in no particular passages, but in the total impression, the sense of atmosphere, and the general feeling that we are being introduced into the very society in which the writer moved."

_Daily News._--"To Miss Alice Gaussen is due the credit of sorting out the vast collection of correspondence which is here presented to the public.... Her industry is indefatigable, and her task has been carried out with completeness. The notes are full of interesting items; the introduction is exhaustive; and the collection of illustrations enhances the value of the book."

_World._--"Sir William Pepys's correspondence is admirable."

ROBERT LOUIS STEVENSON, AN ELEGY; AND OTHER POEMS, MAINLY PERSONAL. By RICHARD LE GALLIENNE. Crown 8vo. 4_s._ 6_d._ _net_.

_Daily Chronicle._--"Few, indeed, could be more fit to sing the dirge of that 'Virgil of Prose' than the poet whose _curiosa felicitas_ is so close akin to Stevenson's own charm."

_Globe._--"The opening Elegy on R.L. Stevenson includes some tender and touching passages, and has throughout the merits of sincerity and clearness."

RUDYARD KIPLING: a Criticism. By RICHARD LE GALLIENNE. With a Bibliography by JOHN LANE. Crown 8vo. 3_s._ 6_d._ net.

_Guardian._--"One of the cleverest pieces of criticism we have come across for a long time."

_Scotsman._--"It shows a keen insight into the essential qualities of literature, and analyses Mr. Kipling's product with the skill of a craftsman ... the positive and outstanding merits of Mr. Kipling's contribution to the literature of his time are marshalled by his critic with quite uncommon skill."

POEMS. By EDWARD CRACROFT LEFROY. With a Memoir by W.A. GILL, and a Reprint of Mr. J.A. SYMONDS' Critical Essay on "Echoes from Theocritus." Photogravure Portrait. Crown 8vo. 5_s._ net.

_The Times._--"... the leading features of the sonnets are the writer's intense sympathy with human life in general and with young life in particular; his humour, his music, and, in a word, the quality which 'leaves a melody afloat upon the brain, a savour on the mental palate.'"

_Bookman._--"The Memoir, by Mr. W.A. Gill, is a sympathetic sketch of an earnest and lovable character; and the critical estimate, by J. Addington Symonds, is a charmingly-written and suggestive essay."

APOLOGIA DIFFIDENTIS. By W. COMPTON LEITH. Demy 8vo. 7_s._ 6_d._ net.

[Symbol: asterism] _The book, which is largely autobiographical, describes the effect of diffidence upon an individual life, and contains, with a consideration of the nature of shyness, a plea for a kindlier judgment of the inveterate case._

_Daily Mail._--"Mr. Leith has written a very beautiful book, and perhaps the publisher's claim that this will be a new classic is not too bold."

BOOKS AND PERSONALITIES: Essays. By H.W. NEVINSON. Crown 8vo. 5_s._ net.

_Daily Chronicle._--"It is a remarkable thing and probably unique, that a writer of such personality as the author of 'Between the Acts' should not only feel, but boldly put on paper, his homage and complete subjection to the genius of one after another of these men. He is entirely free from that one common virtue of critics, which is superiority to the author criticised."

OTIA: Essays. By ARMINE THOMAS KENT. Crown 8vo. 5_s._ net.

BOOKS AND PLAYS: A Volume of Essays on Meredith, Borrow, Ibsen, and others. By ALLAN MONKHOUSE. Crown 8vo. 5_s._ net.

LIBER AMORIS; or, THE NEW PYGMALION. By WILLIAM HAZLITT. Edited, with an introduction, by RICHARD LE GALLIENNE. To which is added an exact transcript of the original MS., Mrs. Hazlitt's Diary in Scotland, and Letters never before published. Portrait after BEWICK, and facsimile Letters. 400 copies only. 4to. 364 pp. Buckram. 21_s._ net.

TERRORS OF THE LAW: being the Portraits of Three Lawyers--the original Weir of Hermiston, "Bloody Jeffreys," and "Bluidy Advocate Mackenzie." By FRANCIS WATT. With 3 Photogravure Portraits. Fcap. 8vo. 4_s._ 6_d._ net.

_The Literary World._--"The book is altogether entertaining; it is brisk, lively, and effective. Mr. Watt has already, in his two series of 'The Law's Lumber Room,' established his place as an essayist in legal lore, and the present book will increase his reputation."

CHAMPIONS OF THE FLEET. Captains and Men-of-War in the Days that Helped to make the Empire. By EDWARD FRASER. With 16 Full-page Illustrations. Crown 8vo.

[Symbol: asterism] _Mr. Fraser takes in the whole range of our Navy's story. First there is the story of the "Dreadnought," told for the first time: how the name was originally selected by Elizabeth, why she chose it, the launch, how under Drake she fought against the Armada, how her captain was knighted on the quarter-deck in the presence of the enemy. From this point the name is traced down to the present leviathan which bears it. This is but one of the "champions" dealt with in Mr. Fraser's volume, which is illustrated by some very interesting reproductions._

THE LONDONS OF THE BRITISH FLEET: The Story of Ships bearing the name of Old Renown in Naval Annals. By EDWARD FRASER. With 8 Illustrations in colours, and 20 in black and white.

JOHN LANE, THE BODLEY HEAD, VIGO STREET, LONDON, W.