Chapter 1

THE MEMOIRS OF

Majr. _Alexander Ramkins_,

A HIGHLAND OFFICER,

Now in Prison at _AVIGNON_.

BEING

An Account of several remarkable Adventures during about Twenty Eight Years Service in _Scotland, Germany, Italy, Flanders_ and _Ireland_; exhibiting a very agreeable and instructive Lesson of Human Life, both in a Publick and Private Capacity, in several pleasant Instances of his Amours, Gallantry, Oeconomy, &_c._

_LONDON_: Printed for _R. King_ at the _Queen's-head,_ and _W. Boreham_ at the _Angel_ in _Pater-noster-row,_ 1719.

Price _1s. 6d._ Stich'd, and _2s._ Bound.

THE PUBLISHER TO THE READER

_I Think it proper to inform the Reader that these Papers were deliver'd into my Hands by a near Kinsman of the Authors, who lately came from the Southern Parts of_ France. _His Design in imparting these Memoirs to me, was (as I quickly perceiv'd) to know my Sentiments of the Performance. It seems the Gentleman had been sour'd by_ French _Practises, and was willing that the World should be no longer a Stranger to what was the ground of his distast. The Author appears very well qualify d for his Task, and opens a Scene of Politicks which the good natur'd part of Mankind will scarce think human Race capable of. Those that are acquainted with the Person of Major Ramkins, assure me, that the late King fames never had a more active and diligent Servant, and that he was one never wanting in his Station. If I am of a contrary Opinion to the Publick in judging these Remarks worthy of the Press, 'tis what I do not at present find my self convinc'd of. One Benefit at least may be expected from 'em, that they will induce all true Britains to be cautious, and not imbark themselves in a foreign Interest for the future, if not for the sake of their Country, at least for their own Sakes. I will not anticipate the Contents, but only take the freedom to acquaint the Reader in General. That it will be one of the greatest Paradoxes in future Ages to read, that the Court of_ St. Germains _should have been a Sleep, and impos'd upon for Twenty Eight Years successively, unless their being trick'd by the greatest of Politicians, be a Circumstance to take off from the Surprize_.

THE MEMOIRS OF

_Alexander Ramkins, &c._

I was not above Seventeen Years of Age when the Battle of _Gillycranky_ was fought between the Two Highland Generals, the Lord Viscount _Dundee_ and _Mackay_. And being then a Stripling at the University of _Aberdeen_ and understanding that several Clans were gathering into a Body in defence of King _James_ III sold my Books and Furniture of my Lodgings, and equipp'd my self to observe the Martial Call, I found my self prompted with. I arriv'd in a few Days near the Field of Battle, and joyn'd my self with a broken Body of Men who were making up towards the Mountains to recover themselves after the Fatigue of Battle. The Noviceship I went through in the _Highlands_, was no improper Foundation for the course Method of living I have been since engag'd in for above Twenty Seven Years; during which Time, I have run through all those Hardships which are incident to one who seeks a Preferment in Fire and Smoak.

While I strolled about in the _Highlands_, it was my good Fortune to be under the Tuition of an old Officer, who let me into many of those little Secrets which are not unserviceable to such as Design to make the whole Earth the Theatre of their Life; but what I chiefly valued this old Gentleman's Conversation for, was the Happiness I had to be a Hearer of some of his Politick Lessons, of which he was a great Master, having furnish'd himself by Fifty Years Practice, with the best Idea's of that kind.

Upon a certain Day when our Party were out, some upon Foraging, and others to get Intelligence, I being alone in a Cottage with this old Captain, and being desirous to know his Opinion of the Affairs of _Europe_ in general, as also what was like to be the Issue of that Cause we had undertaken. The old Captain willing to satisfy my Curiosity as far as his Skill would reach, pulled out some Remarks he had made upon the Year 1640. Observe, _says_ he, Child what I say to you, 'tis a Maxim never to be neglected among Politicians to keep up Divisions in an Enemies Country; you may, perhaps, imagine that this will be a short Game that is a playing, but depend upon it my Grey Hairs will not see an end of it. I allow the King of _France_ has declar'd himself a Friend to King _James_ II; He is a very powerful Prince, and if he would turn his Forces this Way, and be upon the Defensive near Home, a few Months would bring the War to a Period. But that Monarch has things in his Head which I must not mention. There will be great Skirmishing in the Dominions of _Great Britain_, but no decisive Action if _Lewis le Grand_ can hinder it. He takes Cardinal _Richlieu's_ Conduct for a Precedent. It would have been no difficult Task for the _French_ to have joyn'd their Forces with King _Charles_ I. and have made a short Hand of that Contest between the King and Parliament; but that Politick Cardinal instead of this Method, had Emissaries in the _English_ Cabinet to exaggerate Matters between them. The same Method has been observ'd by that Nation ever since; and if _Lewis le Grand_ does not make a Politick Use of King _James_ II. without doing him any real Service, I shall be very willing to correct my self, and cancel that Paragraph in my Observations.

This was the first Politick Lesson I was entertain'd with by my old Master; which, though at that time my want of Experience did not permit me thoroughly to comprehend, yet since, a Resemblance of Circumstances has often reviv'd it my Mind; nor could I ever be well reconcil'd to that Piece of Morality, That it was a laudable Practice to set People by the Ears together.

The hopes of being releas'd, is the best Support to Men in Misery, and our small Body of Three Hundred Men wou'd not have remain'd so long under Discipline, if Expectation had not been nourish'd with daily Alarms of Assistance from _France_. Our commanding Officer was Romantickly Loyal, and look'd upon every little Hill we scrambled over, as an impregnable Fortress, from whose Summit he often took occasion to Harangue us, as if the Eyes of all _Europe_ were upon us, and the Fate of the Three Kingdoms hung at our Swords Points. But the Truth was, I believe, we were unknown to all Mankind, and if those Villages we march'd by you'd but secure the Cattle from us, the State was in no great Danger from our Quarter.

As for the Hopes of being assisted from _France_, though our Commander neglected no Pains to instill such a Belief into the Generality of the Soldiers, in order to prolong his Reign in that honourable Post he enjoy'd, yet I read it plainly in my old Captain's Forehead, that _France_ was not accustom'd to open their Treasures in countenancing Chimerical Adventures, and that the most we could expect from thence, would be a small _Dunkirk_ Privateer, with a Hogshead or two of Brandy to keep the Cause alive, while he was pushing on his Conquests in other Parts of the Globe, in which the Glory and Interest of _France_ was more immediately concern'd. For my own Part, as I was resolv'd to pursue my Fortune in the way of Arms, and finding that there was no appearance of _Scotland's_ being a Place of Action, so I advis'd with my old Master what course I should steer to answer the Ends of my Call. The old Gentleman, though he might have deterr'd me from such an Undertaking, by proposing himself as an Instance how little you'd be gain'd that way, having nothing to show for near Sixty Years Service in the War, but a Bundle of Politick Remarks drawn from the false Steps he and others have made in endeavouring to make their Fortune, yet since every Man must spin out his Thread of Life one way or other, and that that was most likely to succeed well to which a Person found himself most inclinable, so he humour'd my present Dispositions; but at the same time, counsell'd me to Transport my self over to the Continent, where I might meet with something worthy my Curiosity. Islands, _says he_, are commonly won and lost in a Day, nor will they afford you that variety of Stratagems which will make you perfect in the Art of War. After this I only waited for a fit Opportunity to quit the Service I was in, for though I was no farther engaged than in the Quality of a Gentleman Volunteer, yet a Strain of Honour would not permit me to forsake my Companions, unless some more plausible Reason occurr'd to me than what I could invent at that Time. But it was not long before an occasion offered it self to put my Project in Execution. By moving too and fro our little Army, I was within Twenty Miles of my Mother's House, (for my Father had been dead some Years) having therefor first communicated my Design to my old Master, whom I intended to invite along with me, if he approv'd of my Undertaking.

In conclusion, Things were order'd so, that the old Captain, with myself, and another, were detatch'd out towards the Coast to get Intelligence, and that Night about Eleven we agreeably surpriz'd my Mother who had for several Months been lamenting the Loss of her darling Son, whom she suppos'd to be kill'd at the Battle of _Gillycranky_; for she had not justly inform'd herself of the precise Time I ran away from the College at _Aberdeen_.

I had Two elder Brothers, who both inherited the martial Spirit of our Family, had been a long time absent from Home; one of them was prefer'd in the Emperor's Army in _Hungary_, the other belonging to the Guards of King _James_ II follow'd his Fate into _France_ and _Ireland_, and afterwards was kill'd in _Ireland_. My father had three small Lordships, which we were equally to be Sharers of, allowing proportionably for my Mothers maintenance, with a Thousand Pounds to be rais'd to marry our only Sister.

Now, as it was my Intention to Travel and gain Experience in the World, so my old Captain put it into my Head to raise a Sum of Money upon the Credit of my Land, assuring me it would prove my best Friend upon all Occasions, for that the World had but a very mean Opinion of Merit when strip'd of other Advantages to recommend it. This Affair took up more Time than my warm Temper could well bear, and the Lawyers threw in so many Delays, that had not the old Captain (who was well acquainted with Business) been at my Elbow to forward Things, I might have lost my Vocation of being a Soldier before any Agreement cou'd have been made. But after two Months were expir'd, I found my self Master of fifteen Hundred Pound, the Price of my share of Land after the Deductions made for my Mother and Sister; Twelve Hundred Pounds I lodg'd with a Banker at _Amsterdam_, the other Three was employ'd for an Equipage, and to supply my Necessities in the Tour I design'd to take. The old Captain I intended to take along with me to be my Guide as well as Adviser; for I saw so many Perfections in him, which the ungrateful World had neglected, That I judg'd it would be an honourable Omen in one that was beginning the World, not to let him leave the Stage of Life unrewarded: But as his Years had render'd him incapable to attend me in my Rambles, so Death came in to release him, and this worthy Person was taken from me about Ten Days before the Time I had fix'd for my Travels. However, I must not let his Memory die, but give the World an Account of him as far as I cou'd gather from the Gentleman when he was disposed to Answer to Questions concerning himself, in which he always behaved himself with a well guarded Modesty.

I learn'd from him, That his Father was the Head of a Clan which was one half cut off by _Oliver Cromwell_, and the other half Transported into the _West-Indies_, with the fifteen Hundred _Scots_, that were condemn'd thither to Slavery by the Protector. My Friend being at that time about Twelve Years old, chose rather to share his Fathers Fate, and view the Western parts of the Worlds, than fall into the Hands of a Person who would stain the Beauty of his tender Mind, by giving him an unsuitable Education. After he had buried his Father in _Virginia_, he took the Opportunity of a _French_ Vessel to pass over to _Brest_, and so to _Paris_, who by the Assistance of a _Scotch_ Nobleman, who was acquainted with his Family, he pick'd up a liberal Education, and made himself Master of the _French_ and _Latin_, and having it in his Election whether he wou'd engage himself to the Church or follow the Camp, he chose the latter, and after some Months spent in the Academy, he enter'd himself among the _Gens d'Arms_, and made very useful Observations in two or three Campaigns in _Germany_, in the last of which he was taken Prisoner and seduc'd into the Emperors Service by some of his Countrymen, who persuaded him the _Germans_ were more accustom'd to advance Strangers than the _French_. In a little time he was observ'd by his Colonel to be a Person of Parts and Resolution, and so was gradually advanc'd from a Cornet to a Captain of Horse; and as a Man of Spirit and Action never wants Opportunity to shew himself, so this Gentleman met with many brave Adventures in the way of Soldiery, which some time he would occasionally recount to me, but they would be too tedious to insert in these Remarks. When King _James_ II came to the Crown of _England_, he desired to throw up his Commission, it being suggested to him, that the Prince stood in need of some old experienc'd Officers to model an Army he was raising. Upon this Prospect he pass'd over to _England_, but being destitute of Acquaintance he loiter'd about the Court, till one of the Duke of _Berwick's_ Retinue, who had heard of him at the Siege of _Buda_, made the King acquainted with him. So he was order'd down into _Scotland_ with the Promise of a Colonels Commission, but the Revolution following soon after, he acted only as a Captain of Foot at the Battle of _Gillycranky_.

But to cut short this Digression, the time now drew near that I was to undertake my intended Ramble, and indeed it was high time; for it being whisper'd about in the Neighbourhood that I had been in Arms for King _James_ II. _Home_, as the saying is, _was too hot a Place for me_; so I sent my Servant to enquire for a Conveniency to pass over to _Flanders_, and in two Days I was provided with a _Roterdam_ Vessel, and so with very little Ceremony took leave of my Mother, who though she was unwilling to part with me, yet she prefer'd the lesser Danger to the greater, and rather wish'd me expos'd to the Waves, than to the Insults of my Enemies at Home.

The Wind blew very fresh, but tacking about too much to the _North East_, it drove us upon Shore with that violence that we were oblig'd to put in twice to Land, once at _Scarborough_, and again at _Yarmouth_.

At this latter Place, a Pragmatical Searcher came aboard us with an Air of Authority as if he design'd to visit my Trunks; but one of the Sailors informing me that this was stretching his Commission, for he ought not to search after any Goods unless the Cargo was design'd for that Port, so I ridded my self of this Spark with a Half-Crown Piece; for I had no mind to enter much into a Parley with him lest he might discover my _Highland_ Expedition, for Fear never wants Apprehensions. After two Days stay in this Port, the Wind proving favourable, we were not very long in making a Trip to _Roterdam_, where I only refresh'd myself a few Hours, and pass'd on to _Amsterdam_ to visit my Bank, and settle a Correspondence as to Returns of money.

I met with nothing in this City that made any Impression upon me to stay any longer than settling the small concern of Money I lodg'd there. The hurry of Business was too Mechanical an Entertainment, for one whose Head was filled with high Flights of Honour, Sieges, Battles, and other such like Sports. The _French_ Army at this time lay upon the _Rhine_, and my Design was to make that Way. When I arriv'd there, I found they had surrounded _Mentz_ in order to Besiege it. I was glad to begin my first Campaign with so glorious an Undertaking, not doubting, but a great deal of Bravery would be shown where the Flower of the Houshold was design'd for Action; but before I could make any Advantage of this Occurrence, I was to make my self known to some Person of Character who might introduce me so as to be a Spectator of that noble Siege. At last I met with a _Scotch_ Gentleman, who rid in among the grand Molquetains, who being fully inform'd of my Warlike Dispositions, assur'd me he would put me into the readiest Method he cou'd to gain Experience; but when he inform'd me that I must not pretend to great Things on a sudden, and that I had at present only two Things in Election, either to carry a Musquet in a Common Foot Regiment, during the Siege, or which he wou'd rather advise me to (in case I had Money to be at that expence) to go to _Strasburgh_ and put my self under Discipline for six Weeks or two Months among the _French_ Cadets.

I must confess this was a great balk upon a double account: It not only depriv'd me of the Satisfaction of seeing the Siege carried on, but it was a sensible check to my aspiring Humour, to think what Drudgery I was to undergo before I could be regarded by the World; but when I reflected on what I had often heard the old Captain (I buried in the _Highlands_) say upon this Head, it made me easier under the Disappointment, and the next Day I went on to _Strasburg_, and enter'd my self among the Cadets. 'Tis in the Nature of a College, where young Gentlemen are instructed in the Rudiments of War.

During my stay at _Strasburg_ I omitted no opportunity of improving myself as to the _French_ and _High Dutch_ Fortifications, and other Parts of the Mathematicks which were useful in War. I was also present at some Lectures of Politicks which were given to those more advanc'd in Years, in which they handled the Interest of Nations, and brought down their Reflections to the present Times. This I look'd upon as an excellent Method of educating young Officers; for it qualify'd them to be serviceable to their Country under a double Capacity; that is, as well to Argue as to Fight for it, and defend it equally with their Tongue and Sword.

I remember an Antient Marquis who had a Superintendency over this Academy, entertaining us one Day with the Motives of the present War, and running up the Cause to its Original, laid it before us in this manner: _That the Monarchs of France wou'd look upon themselves as injur'd by the rest of the Princes of_ Europe, _till the imperial Diadem was restor'd to_ France, who were _first Possessors of it in the Person of_ Charles the Great; _that they had made several pushes in all Ages to recover it, but without Effect; that while the_ English _had footing in_ France, _they were too lazy to extend their Conquests upon the Empire of the_ West; _and when they had chased out the_ English, and were rid of that _Incumbrance, the House of_ Austria, _by the vast Acquisitions of the_ Low Countries, _and joint Power of_ Spain, _sat so hard upon 'em, that_ France _was not in a Capacity to make any Advances towards recovering their Right to the Empire: What therefore they had been upon these latter Years, was to make a strong Party among the Electoral Princes, and by degrees secure a Majority in the Imperial Diet, in order to set aside the House of_ Austria, _and settle the Imperial Crown upon the_ French _Line, as it was in the Beginning_. To this he added, _That this invincible Monarch,_ Lewis XIV, _had made considerable Advances of late Years, especially in bringing over several Electors, and now the Chapter of_ Cologn _to chuse Cardinal_ Fustenberg _for their Archbishop, who though a Native of Germany, yet was a_ Frenchman _by Interest_, and _had given his Word to be very Industrious in settling the Imperial Dignity upon the House of_ Bourbon. _And this Election of Cardinal_ Fustenberg _being contested by the Emperor and Pope Innocent_ XI. _was the Motive of the present War; for they put up the Duke of_ Bavaria's _Brother in opposition against him_.

This Account of the occasion of the present War, vary'd very much from the Idea we in _Scotland_ had of Affairs. We were made to believe, That the King of _France_ being a zealous Roman Catholick Monarch, had engag'd himself in a War against the Allies, meerly upon a Religious Motive, to re-establish King _James_, who was dethron'd upon no other Account but because he was a Roman Catholick. But I have since found by comparing Matters, that the Revolution in _England_ was not the Occasion, but the Consequence of the War between the _French_ and the Allies; for the Emperor, _&c._ understanding that King _James_ II. was drawn into a Scrape by the _French_ King, and that he made a Property of him to carry on his Ambitious Designs; 'tis not to be wonder'd at, if they prefer'd the general Good of _Europe_, and immediate Safety of their own People to the private Good of King _James_ II, who had been so indiscreet as to expose himself to Ruin by giving into a _French_ Project. However this unpolitick Management proved very lucky to _France_ upon a double Account; for tho' they had begun a War upon the disedifying bottom of Ambition, it was afterwards consecrated in mny Peoples Thoughts, under a Colour of justifying a dethron'd Roman Catholick Prince, besides the Advantage of causing a considerable Diversion by fomenting a War in the Three Kingdoms of _Great-Britain_; for as for re-establishing that unfortunate Prince in his Throne, though I was a long Time of Opinion _France_ really design'd it; yet since I have been convinc'd by undeniable Arguments, that it neither was his Interest to bring it about, nor that he ever seriously attempted it. I must own it was never very Intelligible to me, not even in my very darkest State of Bigottry for the _French_ Interest, that the Emperor, the King of _Spain_, and Duke of _Savoy_, with many other Roman Catholick Princes, nay, the Pope himself should all fail in their Duty and Zeal for Religion, and the King of _France_ (who was remarkable upon other Occasions for sacrificing it to Politick ends) should be the only one in _Europe_ that wou'd stand up for it. It was not so in the Infancy of the _Dutch_ Republic, when _France_ concurr'd with the Seven Provinces to have them torn from the _Spanish_ Monarchy, and by the same Assistance, enabled 'em to make head against the Church. It was not so when a Frown of _Oliver Cromwell_ cou'd oblige _France_ to lay aside the charitable Maxim of Royal Protection, and send _Charles_ II. and his Brother the Duke of _York_, out of their Territories by an Infamous Condescension. But _James_ II. had forgotten the Affronts offer'd to the Duke of _York_, and I suppose had a Mind to make a second Tryal of _French_ Hospitality, and whether they would be more obliging to him in his old Age, than they had been in his Youth. Neither is this plausible Pretence of defending a Prince injur'd upon the Score of Religion, very consistent with their Conduct, in regard of the _Turk_. To maintain a Catholick Prince at St. _Germains_, and support the Enemy of Christianity at _Constantinople_ with great Remittances of Moneys, and a constant Supply of Engineers; is a piece of State Casuistry above my Comprehension, and Prince _Eugene_ had a great deal of Reason to knock his Breast, and hold up his Hands to Heaven, when he saw _French_ Engineers dragg'd out of _Turkish_ Mines in _Hungary_ with _Agnus Dei_'s, and Relicks about their Necks as Ensigns of _Lewis_ XIV's Christianity, and Zeal for the Church.