c. 918); no certificates are granted except to persons presenting

diplomas or licenses from legally chartered medical institutions in good standing (_ib._, s. 5).

Certificates must be recorded in the county of residence and the record indorsed thereon. A person removing to another county to practise must procure an indorsement to that effect on his certificate from the county clerk, and must record the certificate in the county to which he removes (_ib._, s. 6).

The board refuses certificates to individuals guilty of unprofessional conduct. The applicant is given an opportunity to be heard, by citation; the attendance of witnesses may be compelled by subpœna; witnesses may be examined at the hearing by either side, and either side may examine medical experts as to whether such conduct is unprofessional; if it appears to the satisfaction of the board that the applicant is guilty of the unprofessional conduct set out in the citation, no certificate can be granted. No application is refused for unprofessional conduct more than one year before the application. If the holder of a certificate is guilty of unprofessional conduct, the certificate must be revoked by board granting it; no revocation is valid without similar proceedings to the foregoing (_ib._, s. 10).

DEFINITION.—Any person is regarded as practising medicine who professes publicly to be a physician, or habitually prescribes for the sick, or appends to his name “M.D.”

EXCEPTIONS.—The act does not prohibit gratuitous services in cases of emergency; nor apply to lawfully commissioned surgeons of the United States army or navy practising their profession (_ib._, s. 11, as amended 1877-78, c. 576).

ITINERANT VENDERS.—A license of $100 a month is exacted from itinerant venders of drugs, nostrums, ointments, or appliances for treatment of disease, and from persons publicly professing to cure or treat disease, injury, or deformity by any medicine, drug, or drugs, nostrum, manipulation, or other expedient (Act 1877-78, c. 576, amending Act 1875-76, c. 518, s. 12).

PENALTY.—The penalty for violation of the act is a fine of from $50 to $500, or imprisonment in the county jail from 30 to 365 days, or both, for each and every offence. Filing or attempting to file the diploma or certificate of another, or a forged affidavit of identification, is a felony, punishable the same as forgery (_ib._, s. 13; Act 1877-78, c. 918, s. 7).

FORMER PRACTITIONERS.—Holders of certificates theretofore granted by the board of examiners existing by the appointment of the California State Medical Society of Homœopathic Practitioners are excused by the