CHAPTER XIV

CHRISTIAN NAMES AND SURNAMES

The best method of treatment as regards the Christian names borne by the people during this period is to give a list of the more common names. Now there is a list ready to hand giving the names—Christian and surname—of Cade’s Kentish followers. The whole number of men on the list amounts to 1719. I have gone through the list and transcribed the Christian names. The following is the result, classified according to frequency. The names present themselves to us rather unexpectedly. Thus, we have them as follows:—

John 546 William 277 Thomas 233 Richard 196 Robert 115 Henry 53 Nicolas and } Stephen } each 37 Roger 33 Simon 22 Laurence 21 Peter and } Walter } each 17 James 15 Ralph 12 Hugh 8 Adam 7 Philip 6 Alan } Elias } Dionysius } each 5 George } Galfrid } Hamo }

Guy } Bernard } each 3 Bartholomew } Michael }

Andrew } Benedict } Augustine } each 2 Salmon } Herman }

Alexander } Alexius } Christopher } David } Gerard } Marcus } Lodowik } Vincentius } each 1 Valentine } Goodman } Gilbert } Daniel } Waldus } Clement } Sampson }

It will be seen that there are only forty-eight names in all. One-third of the men are named John, one-sixth William, one-seventh Thomas, one-eighth Richard, one-fifteenth Robert, one-thirtieth Henry; and that more than thirty out of the forty-eight names are used less than six times each. Two-thirds of the people are called either John, William, Thomas, Richard, or Robert. And all the Saxon names except one are clean gone and forgotten. Not one Alfred, Edward, Ethelred among them all.

Here, again, is another list containing the names of 130 men. They come out in the following order:—

John 34 William 17 Thomas 15 Richard 10 Robert 8 Henry 8 Roger 5 Adam 5 Stephen 3 Geoffrey 3 Nicholas 4 Walter 3 Alexander 2 Simon 2

And once:—Laurence, James, Peter, Godfrey, Alan, Giles, Gilbert, Andrew, Raynard.

Here, too, Saxon names have gone quite out of use. Among the names of women we find Johanna or Joan very common. Also frequently met with are the names of Isabel, Matilda, Alison, Lucy, Petronilla (Parnel), Agnes, Idonia, Avica, Elecota, Richolda, Ecota, Claricia, Arabella, Theophania (Tiffany), Massanda, Desiderata, Fynea, Massilia, Auncelia, Godiyeva.

As regards the women’s names, I have taken them from the _Calendar of Wills_ and arranged them in alphabetical order. It will be observed that though Saxon Christian names have entirely died out among men, many are preserved among women. It will also be observed that many beautiful names have been lost to us, though they might very well be revived. In spelling there are varieties, of which a few are here marked:—

{ Adrey { Awdrey

{ Agata { Agatha Agnes Alana Albreda Albrica Alditha Aleisia Alianora Alice Alielma Allesia Alusia Alveva Amabillia { Amia { Amy

{ Amisia { Amicia Anabilla Anebla Anastasia Anna Anneys { Anselina { Auncelina Argentilla Athelene Auncilla Auncillia Aundryna Avelina Avice

Barbara Basilia { Beatrice { Beatrix Bersabe Blanche Bona Boneioya Bridgett

Cassandra Castania { Cecilley { Cecilia Charity Chera Cisceley Clarice Claricia Clemence { Collecta { Collet { Coletta Constance Creyna Cristina Custance

Denys { Deonisia { Dionisia Diamanda Dorkes Dulce

Earilda { Edith { Edyth Egidia Edelena Eleanora Elena Elicia Elizabeth { Em { Emma Emota Ermina Erneburga Essabella Estrilda Etheldreda Eustachia Eve

Felicia Filiat Florence Floria Floricia Frechesaunchia Fridiswida Frances

Gena Gencelina Gennora Goda Godeleva Gonilda Grace Grecia Gunnilda Gunnora

Hanna { Hawisia { Hawysa

{ Helen { Helyn Heliwysa Hester Hilda Hodierna

Ibbota Ida Idania Idonea Imania Isabella { Isolda { Isoude Izan

Jacobina Jacomine Jane Jenet { Joane { Johan

{ Johanetta { Johanna Joyce { Jouette { Juetta Juliana Julyan Judith

Kastanya Katherine

Laurencia { Lecia { Liecia { Letia Leticia Lenota Lora Loreta Lucebetta Luceky Lucy Luma Lydia

Mabel Magota Margery Margaret { Marion { Mariona

{ Marsilia { Massilia Martha Mary Massia Massilia Matilda { Maudelyn { Mawdlyne Mawde Mazerb Melina Milicent Milsenda Muriel

Olive Orabilia Osey

Pavya { Pernella { Petronilla Philippa

{ Rayna { Reyna Rebecca Richolda Roberga { Roesia { Roisia { Roysia

{ Rosa { Rose Rosamund

{ Sabina { Sabine Sallerna Sandrissa Sarah Scolastica Senicla Secilia Sibil Sita Suzanna Susan Swanilda

Thomasina Thomasyn { Thypphanya { Tyffania { Theophania

Willelma Wynmarka Wyleholta

I have also drawn up a list of surnames belonging to London citizens in the thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth centuries. Such a list very properly belongs to the history of London. It may be analysed by any who desire to investigate the origins of names. For the purpose of this work, I have found it to be sufficient to take the analysis made by Riley for his _Memorials of London and London Life_. It is in substance as follows:—

1. The surname of the native country, William Waleys—“the Welshman”; Walter Noreys—“the Norwegian”; John Frauncis—“the Frenchman.”

2. The surname of the native town—Riley found nearly every town and village of England represented in the London names.

3. The surname taken from the position of the man’s residence, as Hugh de Stone Crouche—Hugh near the Stone Cross of Cheapside; John atte Strond—in the Strand; Ralph de Honeylane.

4. From the sign of a house. Hence the class of names such as Gander, Buck, Hind, etc.

5. From the trade of the man or that of his father or his ancestor. All such names as Brewer, Baker, Smith, etc., belong to this class. The name of Chaucer (shoemaker) came to the poet from his grandfather presumably, as his father was not a shoemaker.

6. From a nickname, descriptive or sobriquet. Among these Riley enumerates Bon Valet, Godgrom (good groom), Cache marke (Hide halfpenny), Piggesfleshe, Brokedishei, Black in the Mouth, Weathercock, Spillwyne, Gollylolly.

The learned editor of the _Memorials_ very justly argues that at that time most men had no need of a surname. If a man were poor he would never have to sign any document at all during the whole of his life. If he were a servant or a craftsman, a Christian name would be quite enough for him; as, at the present day, we may have servants in the house without knowing their surnames at all; and among the better sort a Christian name with something to distinguish the holder from others with the same Christian name would be quite enough.

By the fourteenth century the old names of the ancient City families have quite died out. These were Algar, Hacon, Thovy, Lotering, Bukerel, Aswy, Basing, Anketill, Blount, Batte, Frowyk, Hervy, Vyel, Harvell, Aleyne, Hardel, and others. Some of these families became extinct; some withdrew into the country; some, perhaps, lost their wealth and sank down into the mass of the people.

As an illustration of these divisions, let us take a string of names consecutively from the Index to the _Calendar of Wills_, part i. (1288-1358):—

Fulbert Fulham Fulke Fuller Fulsham Funder Furbur Furmager Furnell Furnyval Fusedame Fustor Fynch Fyneham Fynchyngfeld Fyngrie

Gaitone Galeys Galocher Gamelyn Ganter Garchorp Garderobe Gardiner Garlaun Garlecmonger Garscherche Garthorp Garton Gatesdene Gaugeour Gaunt Gaunter Gautroun Gedlestone Geffrei Gene Gentil Gentilman

Of these names—thirty-nine in all—fourteen belong to trades, fifteen belong to places, three express a qualification or condition, three are Christian names, the name Gamelyn suggests Chaucer’s Cook’s Tale of Gamelyn. In another place this occurs as a Christian name. Furnival reminds us that as early as the reign of Henry IV. the Inn once belonged to the Lords Furnival and their town house had become an Inn of Chancery. The name of Fynch appears from Riley’s _Memorials_, p. 229, to have belonged to Winchelsea; the Galocher was a maker of galoches, which were shoes with wooden soles; the name of Gene may have referred to Genoa; Fusedame and Gautroun are beyond me. (See also Appendix IX.)

APPENDICES

APPENDIX I

WYCLYF

_Of the discord raised in St. Paule hys churche in London betwene the Cleargie & the Duke, Syr Henry Percye & the Duke, by John Wiclyffe._

“Thys sonne, therefor, of perdition, John Wiclyffe, was to appeare before the bishopps the Thursday before the feast of St. Peter his chaire (23 of February) there to be converted for marvellous wordes that he had spoken, Sathan, the adversarye of the whoole churche, as ye beleaved, teachynge hym: whoe after the nynth houre, the duke & Syr Henry Percye & divyers other assystynge hym, whoe by there powre were able to trouble the weake people, and also beynge as a meane betwene them, what yf any thynge sholde fall from the table of the ritche bishopps, that ys to say plate, although it were soyled in the fall, they wolde gather yt upp and wolde chew yt by there backbytynge, beholde the abominable hoste, John aforenamed, was brought furthe with greate pomp, nether yet was sufficient yt for hym to have onely the common sergeants, unlesse Syr Henrye Percye the chiefe Marshall of Englande did goe before hym; in the waye he was animated by his companions not to feare the congregation of the bishopps, whoe in respect of hym were unlearned, nether yet the concourse of the people, seynge that he was walled in on every syde with so many knightes. His body was now broughte into St. Paul’s churche with an incredible pryde, where such a multitude of people was gathered togeather to heare hym, that yt was harde for the noble men and knyghtes (the people lettynge them) to pass through, and even by & by with this occasion they were persuaded craftely to pull backe with there handes there scholer, that he myght escape deathe entended him by manye bishopps. The devill found a way, that fyrste a dissension beynge mayde betwene the noble men & bishopp, hys answer myght be differed. Truly when the people beynge gathered togeather, stayed to geave place unto the noble men, Syr Henry Percye abusynge hys authorytye miserably pricked forwardes the people in the churche, whiche the Bishop of London seyng, prohibited him to exercyse such authoritye in the churche, saynge that yf he had knowne he wolde have used hym selffe so there, he sholde not have come into the churche yf he coulde have letted hym, whiche the duke hearynge was offended, and protested that he wolde exercyse suche authorytye whether he wolde or not. When they were come ito our Ladyes chappell, the duke & barons, with the archbishopp and bishopps, syttynge downe, the foresayed John also was sent in by Syr Henrye Percye to sytt downe, for because, sayed he, he haythe much to answeare he haith neade of a better seate. On the other syde the byshopp of London denyed the sayme, affyrmynge ye to be agaynst reason that he sholde sytt there, & also contrary to the law for hym to sytt, whoe there was cited to answere before hys ordinarye: and therfor the tyme of hys answearynge or so longe as any thynge sholde be deposed agaynste hym, or hys cause sholde be handled, he ought to stande. Hereupon very contumelyous wordes did ryse betwene Syr Henrye Percye and the bishopp, & the whoole multitude began to be troubled. And then the duke began to reprehende the bishopp & and the bishopp to turne then on the duke agayne. The duke was ashamed that he colde not in this stryfe prevaile, and then began with frowarde threatenynges to deale with the bishopp, swearyng that he wolde pull down both the pryde of hym & of all the bishopps in Englande, & added, thou trustest (sayed he) in thy parents, whoe can profytt the nothynge, for they shall have enough to doo to defend themselves, for hys parents, that ys to say hys father & hys mother, were of nobylitye, the Erle & the Countes of Devonshire. The bishopp on the other syde sayed, in defendynge the trueth I truste not in my parents, nor in the lyfe of any man, but in God in whom I ought to trust. Then the duke whysperynge in his eare, sayed he had rather draw hym furth of the churche by the heare then suffer such thynges. The Londoners hearynge these words, angerlye with a lowd voyce cried out, swearynge they wolde not suffer ther Bishopp to be injured & that they wold soner loose ther lyfe then there bishopp sholde be dishonoured in the churche, or pulled out with such vyolence. There fury was the more encreased, for that the same day before none in the parlyament at Westminster, the duke being president &c. it was requested in the kyng’s name, that from that day forward there should be no more Mayre of London accordynge to the auncyent custome, but a captayne, and that the Marshall of England, as well in the cytye as in other places myght arrest such as offended, with many other thynges, which were manyfestly agaynst the lybertyes of the cytye, and portended daungers and hurt to the same, which being once hard, John Philpott, a cytezyn of specyall name, arose, and affyrmed that such thynges were never sene, and that the mayor and comons wold suffer no such arrest and so before none the counsell brake up. The duke and the byshops revylyng one another, the people wondefully enraged and trobled, the enemy of mankynde, as I sayd before, procyryng this counsell, and by these occasyons that false varlet & mynster of the devill persuaded, lest he should be confounded in his inventions, for he saw that in all thynges he wold be profytable unto hym & therefore was careful lest such a defender of his part should perysh ether secretly or so lightly.”—_Archæologia_, xxii. 256.

APPENDIX II

TRADES OF LONDON

Advocate Alewyfe Amailler Apothecary Arbalester Armourer Attorney Aunseremaker Auribatour

Bailiff Baker (White) Baker (Brown) Bakster Ballere Barber Barber Surgeon Batour Bedemaker Belyeter Bell founder Blacksmith Blader Bladesmith Bokbyndere Bokesmith Bokseller Boucher Bottle maker Bowstring maker Bowyer Bracerer Bracegirdler Braeler Brasier Bredemaker Bredemongstere Brewer Brewster Brewyfe Bricklayer Brochere Brochure Broderef Broker Buckeler Bokelsmith Bucklemaker Bugirdler Burler Bureller Burser Byrser Buscher Butcher

Calender Callere Camiser Candlemaker Capletmonger Cap maker Capper Cardmaker Carman Carpenter or Charpenter Carter Ceiler Ceynturer or Ceinturer Chalicer Chaloner Chandler or Chaundeler Chapeler Chaplain Chapletmaker Chaucer Cheesemonger Chevaler Cheverelmonger Cirger Clerk Clockmaker Clothpacker Clothworker Coal meter Cobbler Coffrer Coller Combmaker Cook Cooper Coppersmith Corder Cordwayner Corndealer Cornmeter Cornmonger Cossoun Cossour Cotiler Counter Coupere Coureour Coureter Courser (horsedealer) Courthandwriter Courtman Cower Craneman Currier Cutler Cuver

Dauber Diegher (Dyer) Dinanter Disshere Distiller Draper Drawer

Embroiderer Essoiner Essorner

Factor Falconer Fannere Farrier Fauconer Felmonger Felt maker Ferrour Fethermonger Feyner Filehewer Filemaker Fisherman (Fresh or Stock) Pessoner Flaoner Flauner Flaxwyf Fletcher Flourman Forcer Founder Forbour Frameknitter Fripperer or Philiper Frobour Fruter or Fruiterer Fuller Furbisher Furmager Furrier Fuster Fuyster Fyner

Gardener Garlickmonger Gaunter Gelder Gilder Gildstrer Giltstere Girdler Glassmaker Glasswryghte Glazier Glover or Gaunter Goldbeater Orbatur Goldsmyth Goldwin Gorguarius or Gorgiarius(?) Groceresman Grocer Grossarius Gunsmith

Haberdasher Hackneyman Hakenay man Hagemaker Halterere Hanaper maker Hatband maker Hatter Haymonger Heaumur Healmer Herberger Horner Horsmonger Horsedealer Hosier Hosteler Hunter Hurer

Imagour Inholder Ironmonger

Jeweller Joiner

Kachepol Kalendrer Kempster Keysmith Kissere Knyfsmyth

Lacer Lainer Latoner Latter Lathere Lavender Leatherseller Leathermonger Le Lenter Limner Locksmith Lockyer Loder Lorimer Loriner Lynwever

Maceler Macerer Maderman (seller of madder) Makmaker Male maker Manciple Marbiler Marbrer Mariner Marshall Mason Mastertawyer Matritawyer Mazeliner Maceler Mazerer Meriner or Mazelyner Meguser Melker Melmaker Melmonger Melter Menager Meneter, Minter, or Moneyer Mercer Merchant Middesman Miller Milliner Minstrel Minter Miroover Mirorer Moneyer or Minter Mustarder

Nailer Nayler Needlemaker Netmaker Notary

Oilmonger Orbatur or Orbatter Otemonger Oyler Oynter Oystermonger

Painter Paneter Panyere Parcheminer Parish clerk Parmenter Pastimaker Paternostrer Patten maker Paumer Paviour or Pavour Pedlar Peintour Pilliper or Peliper Pelterer Pepperer Perler Pesour Pessoner (see Fishmonger) Pestour Peverer Pewterer Physician Pilliper Pinner Plainer Plaisterer Pleader Plumber Plumer or Plomer Porter Portrayer Potter Potyer Pouchmaker Poulterer Purser Pye baker Pypere Pytmaker, _i.e._ gravedigger

Quiltere Quiltmaker

Raker Reeve Retunder Roper

Saddler Saker or Sakker Salter Sauner (salt dealer) Sauser Sautreour (player on the psaltery) Sawyer Scavenger Scryvener Seal maker Seler, Seller Selmaker Serjeant or Sergeant Setter Shearman Sheather Shipwright Shoemaker Silkman Silkwyfe Silk thrower Skinner Skirmisor (fencing master) Slatere Smith Soap maker Soper Spectacle maker Spicer Spirrier Esperonner Sporier Spurrier Spitmaker Squyler Stationer Stock-fishmonger Street sweeper Stringer Strumyler Sumenour Surgeon Symphanur

Tabler Tableter Tabourer Tailor, Taylor, Taillur Talgh chandler (tallow) Tanner Tapicer Taverner Tawyer Text letter writer Teynturer Thread woman Tiller Tiler Timbermonger Tinner Tinplate worker Tolysour Torte baker Trinkerman Trompour Trumper Trussing coffrer Turner Tyghelere Tuler Tiler Tyrtainer

Upholder Upholsterer

Venus Vintner Violer

Walker Waterlader Waterman Wayder Wayte Waxchandler Weaver, Webbe Webster Wheelwright Whetstone maker Whitetawyer Woodmonger Woolman Woolmonger Woolpakkere Wympler Wyndere Wyndrawere

Ymage maker Ymaiour or Imaiour

Some of these trades are obscure. The following notes will perhaps be useful.

Ancermaker = maker of balances Arbalester = “balesterius,” crossbowman Batur = beater of cloth Bleter = blader, _i.e._ cornmonger Bokeler, Bukeler = maker of buckles Braeler = maker of braels or braces Brasur = Brewer Brigirdler = bracegirdler Brochere = spitmaker Bureller = worker in _burel_, coarse cloth Calenderer = one who “calenders” or presses cloth Callere = maker of “calls” or coifs Ceinturer = girdler Chaloner = maker of chalons for coverlets and blankets Chapeler = maker of caps Chaucer = shoemaker Cirger = wax chandler Cossun = corsour, horsedealer Coureter = probably = corretarius, correctarius, broker Courier = currier Dinanter = maker of brass vessels known as dinanterie, from Dinan Flauner = maker of flauns—light cakes Forbour = furbisher of armour Fuster = maker of saddle-wood work Hurer = maker of hures, shaggy fur caps Kissire = cuissier, maker of cusher or armour for the hips Orbatur = goldbeater Pasteler = pastry-cook Peleter = pelterer or skinner Pesour = weigher Pessoner = fishmonger Peverer = pepperer Pheleper = fripperer Poleter = poulterer Retunder = shearman or shearer of cloth Sakker = sackmaker Seller = saddler Seltere = arrowmaker, O.F. sete = an arrow Sporier = maker of spurs Tableter = maker of tablets, or carver of marble tables Tabourer = maker of tabours or small drums Tuler = tiler Violer = player on the viol.

APPENDIX III

FOREIGN MERCHANTS

“For many centuries the enterprising foreigner who ventured to visit this country for the purposes of traffic had to struggle against numerous discouragements and grievous restrictions, originating partly in the avarice of the English sovereigns and the insolence and rapacity of their officers, and, to a still greater extent, in the jealousy entertained towards them by the English population, the freemen of the cities and towns more specially. So early, however, as the time of Ethelred II. (about A.D. 1000) some brief regulations were framed, if not for their encouragement at least for their protection.

The existing text of this document, which empowers the merchants of certain foreign countries to trade at the Hythe, even then known as ‘Billingesgate,’ is evidently in an imperfect and mutilated state; so much so, in fact, that, brief as it is, some portions of it are all but wholly unintelligible. In the list, however, of the traders thus favoured, we are enabled to discover the names of the men of France and Normandy, the people of Rouen, the merchants of Flanders, the inhabitants of Liège and of Lier (in Brabant), and the ‘Emperor’s men,’ at an early period known as the ‘Easterlings,’ and in the latter half of the thirteenth century, if not before, under the aggregate appellation of the ‘Merchants of the Hanse of Almaine.’

The curious document, called _Regulations for the Lorraine Merchants_, is probably based upon the code of Ethelred to some extent, to which indeed it bears a strong resemblance in one or two of its provisions; so far, that is to say, as the unsatisfactory state of the manuscripts containing Ethelred’s tariff allows of its provisions being understood. Though of less remote antiquity, the code of regulations given in the _Liber Custumarum_ is of greatly superior interest to its predecessor: it belongs probably to the first half of the thirteenth century, if, indeed, not an earlier date, and no other copy of it, so far as the Editor has been enabled to ascertain, is known to exist. Under what peculiar circumstances these regulations were drawn up in favour of the Lorrainers, it is probably impossible to say; a people who, though subjects of, or in a state of vassalage under, the Emperors of Almaine, or Germany, do not appear at this period to have come under the more general appellation of ‘Emperor’s men.’

From this document we are enabled to gather that in the earlier days of the Plantagenets, if not at a still more remote period, a wine-fleet, its freight probably the produce of the banks of the Moselle, was in the habit of visiting this country each year. The moment this fleet of adventurous ‘hulks and keels’ had escaped the perils of the German Ocean, and had reached the New Wear, in the Thames, the eastern limit of the City’s jurisdiction, it was their duty, in conformity with fiscal and civic regulations, to arrange themselves in due order and raise their ensign; the crews being at liberty, if so inclined, to sing their _kiriele_, or song of praise and thanksgiving, ‘according to the old law,’ until London Bridge was reached. Arrived here, and the drawbridge duly raised, they were for a certain time to lie moored off the Wharf (_Rive_); which not improbably was Queen-Hythe, the most important, in these times, of all the hythes or landing-places, to the west of London Bridge. Here they were to remain at their moorings two ebb, and a flood; during which period the merchants were to sell no part of their cargo, it being the duty of one of the Sheriffs and the King’s Chamberlain to board each vessel in the meantime, and to select for the royal use such precious stones, massive plate of gold or silver (called ‘Work of Solomon’), tapestry of Constantinople, or other valuable articles, as they might think proper; the price thereof being duly assessed by lawful merchants of London, and credit given until a fortnight’s end.

The two ebbs and a flood expired, and the officials having duly made their purchases or declined to do so, the wine-ship was allowed to lie alongside the wharf, the tuns of wine being disposed of under certain regulations, apparently meant as a precaution against picking and choosing, to such merchants as might present themselves as customers, those of London having the priority, and those of Winchester coming next. The first night after his arrival in the City, no Lorrainer was allowed to go ‘to market or to fair’ for any purposes of traffic, beyond four specified points, which seem to have been Stratford-le-Bow, Stamford Hill, Knightsbridge, and Blackheath. The reason for this singular restriction may possibly have been a desire that the foreigner should have at least the opportunity forced upon him of spending his newly-earned money in the City or its vicinity; and it was in a like spirit, probably, that a premium was offered to such of the Lorrainers as forbore to land at all, or to pass the limits of the wharf, or Thames Street, at most, in the shape of a reduction of the duties on their wines.

If, however, on the other hand, the Lorrainer thought proper to carry his wares and luggage beyond those limits, and to ‘take hostel’ within the City, it was the duty of the Sheriff to visit him at his lodging and exact scavage on his goods; the merchant being bound to wait three days for the Sheriff’s attendance, and during that interval not allowed even to unpack his goods. Unless prevented by contrary winds, sickness, or debt, the Lorrainer, in common with most other foreigners in these times, was bound to leave London by the end of forty days; and during his stay there were certain articles, woolfels, lambskins, fresh leather, and unwrought wool, in the number, which he was absolutely forbidden to purchase, under pain of forfeiture to the Sheriff. Three live pigs was all he was allowed to buy for his own consumption, at sea, probably; and if he dared to violate so important a regulation, upon outcry being raised thereon, he was to be brought up for judgment in the Court of Hustings forthwith. By a regulation of probably the same date, the ‘men of the Emperor of Almaine’ were allowed the privilege of lodging within the walls of the City wherever they might please, an option that was left to few other foreign merchants in these days. The inhabitants, however, of Tiesle (Thiel in Gelderland) and Brune (or Bruune, probably Bruurren, in Gelderland) were excepted; what offence had given cause for their exclusion it is perhaps impossible now to say. The men of Antwerp, too, were not allowed to go beyond London Bridge, in case they should object to be ruled by London law; a piece of contumacy of which they had no doubt been guilty at a recent period, and which may possibly have been carried to a still more unpardonable extent by the traders from Tiesle and Brune. Retailing was in general wholly forbidden to foreign merchants, but the ‘Emperor’s men’ were privileged to sell so small a quantity as a quarter of cummin-seed, and a dozen, or even half-dozen, cloths of fustian.

The natives of Denmark seem, in these times, to have been peculiarly favoured, in consequence, probably, of their more intimate connection with this country at a still earlier period. They enjoyed the privilege of sojourning in London all the year through; in addition to which they had a right to all the benefits of ‘the law of the City of London’—in other words, the right of resorting to fair or to market in any place throughout England. The Norwegians, on the other hand, were upon an equal footing with the Danes as to the right of sojourning in London all the year, but did not enjoy ‘the law of the City,’ being prohibited from leaving it for the purposes of traffic.

In the year 1237 a Convention, or compact, was entered into between the citizens of London and the merchants of Amiens, Corby, and Nesle, in Picardy; the privileges granted by which will go far towards showing the disabilities and inconveniences under which their less fortunate brethren in trade had to labour. They were from thenceforth to be at liberty to load and unload, and to warehouse, within the City, their cargoes of woad, garlic, and onions, and to sell the same within the City alike to citizens and to strangers of the realm; they were also to be at liberty to carry them out of the City, by land or by water, to such parts of the country as they might deem most advantageous. All their other wares, wine and corn excepted, they were also privileged to load and unload, and to warehouse, within the City, but only for sale to citizens, and not to strangers, if sold within the precincts of the City; though, at the same time, they were equally permitted to carry them to any other part of England, ‘saving the rightful and due customs of the City.’ In return for these concessions, the merchants were to pay yearly to the Sheriffs of London fifty marks sterling at three periods denoted by three of the great Fairs of England, those of Saint Ives (in Huntingdonshire), Winchester, and Saint Botolph’s Town, or Boston, in Lincolnshire.

In addition to these privileges, it was granted that if any ‘companion’ of such merchants should wish to keep hostel for the entertainment of his countrymen, he should be at liberty to do so, provided always that he did not stay in London beyond one whole year. In case, by reason of war, or of command given by the King of England to that effect, the merchants should be precluded from making stay in London, they were to be acquitted of payment of their annual ferm to a proportionate extent. Provisions and arms they were under no circumstances to carry out of the realm; and at the same time they were to make due payment to the Sheriffs of London ‘for all their wares and merchandises, of rightful and due custom, coming into the City, making stay in the City, going forth from the City into the parts of England, returning into the City from the parts of England, and departing from the City unto the parts beyond sea.’ By way of confirmation of this compact, the merchants of the three towns before mentioned very liberally paid down a sum of one hundred pounds sterling towards making the conduit, which was then building, for bringing water into the City from Tyburn spring.

At an early period the traffic of the City of Cologne with England appears to have been considerable. Richard I., in the fifth year of his reign (1194), by Charter, signed at Louvain, granted unto its citizens, upon payment of an annual sum of two shillings, their Guildhall in London, ‘and all other customs and demands’; and King John, it is said, conferred upon them several important privileges. In the fourth year of Henry III., we find them paying into the Exchequer thirty marks ‘for having seisin of their Guildhall in London.’ The same King, in the twentieth year of his reign, by Charter granted unto ‘his well-beloved, the citizens of Cologne,’ quitted claim not only of the aforesaid yearly rent of two shillings, but of ‘all other customs and demands which unto us pertain in London, and throughout all our territories in England.’ They also received permission thereby safely to go and safely to come throughout all his territories, and freely to resort to all Fairs throughout the same, and to sell and to buy, as well in ‘the vill of London’ as elsewhere, ‘saving the franchise of the City of London.’ This Charter was confirmed by Edward I. in the eighteenth year of his reign.

Though, strictly speaking, coming under the denomination of ‘Emperor’s men,’ the Colognese, until near the close of the thirteenth century, continued to form a distinct society from that of ‘the Hanse of Almaine.’ Each of them at this period had its own Guildhall, situate at Dowgate in the City of London; but by the end, probably, of that century they had amalgamated, though the date and particulars of that event do not seem to have been ascertained. Hides and woolfels, apparently, were extensively imported by the traders of Cologne.

The Ordinances for the regulation of the woad-merchants would seem to bear date prior to the Convention made (A.D. 1237) with the merchants of Amiens, Corby, and Nesle; as they are evidently drawn up in a spirit quite incompatible with the provisions of that document, and it was the merchants of Picardy, jointly with those of Normandy, who were in those times the principal importers of woad. In the very perfection of the spirit of corporate jealousy in ancient times, it is authoritatively laid down that all foreign merchants, and more especially the woad-merchants, when they have once come within the limits known as _La Newe Were_, ‘may not, and ought not, according to the ancient customs and franchises of the City and the realm, to come to, or anchor at, any other place than London only.’ On their arrival there, the merchants are reminded that it is their duty to place their woad upon the quay, and that they may enclose it with hurdles and hatches, if they think proper, but upon no account are they to stow it in houses or in cellars. Here they were to sell it, or give it in exchange for other merchandise, ‘but only to men of the City, and to no one else, and that, by reasonable and ancient measure of the City.’ Nor ought they to, nor might they, buy anything of foreigners, but only of men of the City, for exportation beyond sea; nor might they leave the City for the purpose of visiting any fair, or for going to any other place for the purposes of traffic. If found to be on the road to such a place, and proceeding towards a fair, all their chattels were to be forfeited, ‘seeing that all their buying and selling ought to take place within the City, and that only with the men of the City.’

Even more than this. The said merchants ‘might not, nor ought they to, stay within the City more than forty days’; at the end of which, they were to return to their own country, or else ‘to some other place beyond sea, at as great a distance as the place from which they came.’ To fill up the measure of the woad-merchant’s difficulties, the ‘foreigner’ (_foraneus_) was also to take care that within such forty days he had sold or exchanged the whole of his wares, without holding back any part thereof, ‘seeing that when such term shall have expired, and it shall be his duty to depart, he may not hand over any part of his wares to his host, or to any other person, nor may he carry them away with him. But let him see that within the time limited he makes sale of the same, as well as he can; for if any part thereof shall be found after the time limited unto him, it shall be wholly lost.’ In the trade of dyeing cloth, on no account were these merchants to interfere.

On reading such astounding regulations as these, one might almost be inclined to believe that the civic authorities had conceived some inveterate hatred against all foreign dealers in woad, accompanied by a wish to put an end to the import of the commodity altogether. Be this as it may, we may safely conclude that the profits realised upon the import of this article were considerable; or assuredly, thanks to their short-sighted rulers, the Londoners would have had to go with their burels, russets, and halberjects undyed, so far at least as the broad acres of Picardy and Normandy were concerned.

At a later date (A.D. 1300) we read of several merchants getting into trouble with the authorities, some of the comparatively favoured Teutonics, or Hanse merchants, in the number, for presuming to keep hostels in the City, for bed and for board, a thing that ‘was allowed to the hostels of the freemen only.’ Time, however, with an unwonted degree of considerateness, was allowed them by the Mayor and Aldermen for getting rid of the obnoxious establishments, ‘under forfeiture of all their moveables.’ Others, again, we find appearing before the Mayor and Aldermen, and submissively making oath that they had prolonged their stay in the City through inadvertence, ‘for that of the custom as to staying in the City forty days only, they were wholly in ignorance.’ At a somewhat earlier date (A.D. 1293) certain merchants of Provence, upon being rigidly questioned by the Warden and Aldermen as to their claims to right of stay and exemption from custom, acknowledge that they have no privileges to assert, as granted them by the King of England, and that they claim no rights or franchises within the City, by land or by water, save only that, in addition to the freemen of the City, they may sell their wares in gross ‘to the great men of the land,’ but only for their own private use, taking due care to have no dealings with other ‘strangers.’ Their former patrons, Eleanor of Provence, Archbishop Boniface, and Peter of Savoy, were now in their graves, or we probably should not have found the worthy Provencals making admissions so alien to the spirit manifested in this country by their money-seeking grandsires of half a century before.

In the 33rd of Edward I. (A.D. 1305), the Mayor, Aldermen, and Sheriffs of London awarded and granted that the merchants of the Hanse of Almaine should be exempted from the customary payment of two shillings, ‘going and coming with their “goods,” at the Gate of Bishopsgate, seeing that they were already charged with the custody and repair of the said Gate.‘

In the twenty-seventh year of the same reign we find a somewhat serious charge brought against these ‘Merchants of Almaine’; to what extent it was justified, we have no means of forming a conclusion. The King had recently, by precept, commanded the Sheriffs of London that they should allow no good money, or silver in bullion, to be carried out of the realm, or any spurious coin to be brought into the City. In spite, however, of this prohibition, it had come to the royal ears that certain merchants of Almaine, resident in the City, and dwelling in houses by the water-side and elsewhere, had, ‘under colour of certain liberties and acquittances,’ unto them by the King and his progenitors granted, harboured certain strange merchants, with fardels and divers packages of goods, both in the night and, clandestinely, by day. Even more than this, the Teutonics had been in the habit (_sæpius_) of avowing such goods as their own, and, in virtue of their privileges, opening them out and selling them, without any scavage, or examination, on part of the Sheriffs; thereby not only defrauding the revenue of its customs, but affording an opportunity for the concealment and circulation of bad money. The merchants are therefore strictly enjoined in future to avow (or colour) no wares but their own; and on no account to receive any such into their possession, or to open out any such fardels without the Sheriffs duly having view and making scrutiny thereof.

The status of the foreign merchants in general was no doubt materially improved by the statute _De Novâ Custumâ_ of the 31st Edward I. (A.D. 1303). From it we learn, among numerous other particulars of interest, that no trader was allowed to break off or abandon any contract when once the ‘God’s penny,’ or earnest money, had by the contracting principals been given and received. All bailiffs and officers of fairs, cities, boroughs, and market-towns were to do speedy justice to all merchant-strangers, and duly to hold Court from day to day, according to the provisions of Law-merchant, for that purpose. In every market-town and fair throughout the realm, the royal Beam, or Balance, was to be placed in some fixed spot; and, before weighing, the scale was to be viewed by vendor and purchaser alike, to see that it was empty; the arms, too, of the balance were to be exactly equal before the troner weighed, and, when weighing, he was to remove his hands the instant he found them on a level.”—_Liber Custumarum_, vol. ii. pt. i. pp. xxxiv.-xlvii.

APPENDIX IV

NAMES OF STREETS

The following list of mediæval streets is compiled from Riley’s _Memorials_, Sharpe’s _Calendar of Wills_, _Liber Custumarum_, and the Ninth Report of the Commissioners. Other streets could be found in other documents, but this list certainly gives a very full index to the streets of Mediæval London. They are here produced alphabetically.

The abbreviations used are simply “A.” for Alley, “L.” for Lane, “R.” for Row, “S.” for Street:—

Abbechurch L. Addle S. Adlynge S. Alden’s L. (Warwick L.) Aldermanberie Aldewyche (Extra Temple Bar) Aldersgate, Aldrichgate, Aldredesgate Aldersgate S. Alfrichbury (Portpool Manor) Aldgate Almes L. Alsies L. (over against St. Paul’s) Amen Corner Anchor A. (Thames St.) Armenter’s Lane Arnhill Arounes L. or Kynge’s L. (St. Peter the Less) Arundel L. (All Hallows the Great) Ave Maria L. Ayelyn S. (near Aldersgate)

Bailey, Old Barbican Bareman L. Barmondsey S. Bartholomew’s Hospital Basing L. Basinghall S., Bassishaw St. Bathesteres L. (All Hallows the Gt.) Battes L. or Heywharfe L. Beare Court Beche L., Beche S. (St. Giles, Cripplegate) Bell A. Bell Tower Belleyeters L. (Billiter S.) Berbynders L. Bercheveres L., Berchever L., Berewardes L., Bergeres L. Berwardes L. (Birchin L.) Bevis Marks (Buries M.) Billingsgate Bishops’ Court Bishopsgate S., Biscoppisgate S. Black Friars Black Raven A. Boklersbury, Boclersbury Boliot L. (Holy Trinity) Bordhaw L., Barthawe L., Burdell L. (St. Mary Colech) Botulph’s L. Bow L. Bowyer R. (St. Martin, Ludgate) Brade S. Brandrees L. Brede S. Bretaske L. Bretton S., Little Britain Bridge S., Brige S., Brigge S., Brugge S. Brode L. (St. Martin’s in Vintry) Broken Wharf Budge Row (Bogerowe) Bunting A. (St. Alphege P.)

Candlewick S., Candlewyke, Canwyke Cannon R. (Channel R.) Carme S. Carteres L., Carteres S., Carter S. Castle Baynard Catte S., Cateaton S., Cate L. Cattene S. Cecilia’s L., La Tur Cescile L. Chauncelers L., Chancery L. Checker A. (St. Botolph’s, Bishopsgate) Chepe, Cheap, Cheapside Chigene L., Chiken L., Chikene L. Chimney Alley Christopher L. Church A. Chysel S. (Without, Cripplegate) Clements’ Lane Clerkenwell Cnihtebrigge Cocker L., Cokker L., Cock L. Colchirche L. (Colechurch L.) Cole Abbey Coleman S. Conohop L., Conyhope L., Conynghop L. (Grocers’ Hall C.) Convers L. (St. Dunstan’s In Vico Conversorum) Conynes L. Cordwainer S. Cornhill Cornecheppyng Corveyserestrate (Corner S.) Cosines L., Cosynes L. Coubrugge S., Coubregge S., Cowbridge S. (Smithfield) Counter A. Cressyngham L. Crew L. Cripplegate Croked L. (Crooked L.) Cruched Friars, Crutched Friars Curriers’ A.

Debillane Derkes L., Dark L. (St. Michael Queenhithe) Dibbles L. Diceres L. (St. Nich. Shambles) Distaff L. Dolittle L., Dolytel L. (Carter L.) Donston’s L. (St. Dunstan’s L.) Dorkingges L. Dowgate Duckettes L. Dyers L. (St. N. Flesh.)

Ealde Fish S. (Old Fish S.) East Water Gate Easchepe Ebbegate Edwardes welle S., Everardes Welle S. (St. Giles) Elde bowe L. Elde Chaunge Eldedean L. (Old Dean’s L.), Eldedone’s L. Elms at Smithfield Eber L. Exchequer, Court of

Faiteres L., Faitur L., Faytores L., Faytour L. Fanchurch S. (Fench. S.) Faster L. (Foster L., St. Vedast’s L.) Fastes L. (St.) Fastolf A. Fattes L. Felipes L., Philip’s L. Fish S. Fish S. New Fish S. Old Fish Wharf Fleet Br. Flete L., Fleet S. Folkmares L. Fore S. Friday S. Furnival’s Inn Fynamoures L. (St. Nic. Olaf) Fynesbiri, Finsbury Fynghis L., Fynkes L., Finch L.

Garscherch S., Gerscherche S., Gracious S., Gracech St. Gayspore L. George Alley Germayne’s L. Gerwell S. Goderes L., Goderone L., Godrene L., Goderane L., Godrun L., Gudrene L. Godfaire L., Godfayr L., Govayr L. (St. Swithins) Golden L. Golding L. Golding Welle S. Gose L., Goose L. Goswell S. Gother L. (Gutter L.) Gough A. Goveres L. Gray’s Inn L., Portpoole L. Great Windmill S. Grenewych L., Greenwich S. Grobbe L., Grubbe S., Grobbe S.

Harpe A. Hart S. Hay L. Hay Wharf Hayward L. (All Hallows the Great) Herbier L. High Holborne High Street (St. Mary Matfelon) Hog L. Hoggen L., Huggin L. Holborn Bars Holebourne Cross Holeburne S. Holy Rood Wharf Hony L. Horsehead Alley Hosier L. (1) St. Sepulchre; (2) Cordwainer S., Hosier S., Bow S. Houndsditch

Ingene L., Inggelene L., Engaine L. (Maiden L.) Ironmonger L. Iseldon Ivy L.

Jewry Jewry, Old John S.

Katone S. Kennington King’s Bench King’s Highway, Cripplegate to Bishopsgate Knyghtrideres S. Kyrone L. (St. James’, Garlick Hythe)

Lad Lane Lambeth Langburne S. Langbourne Lavendon B. Leadenhall Market Le Barbican Lederes L. Le Kynyges L. Leigh S. Le Mir L., Leather L. Le Newe A. (St. Michael’s, Cornhill) Lennesaleye Le Olde S. Le Peynted A. (All Hallows, Staining) Le Ryole Lesnes Abbey Levethan L. (All Hallows, Barking) Littlebyry Little L. Little Wood S. Lodebury, Lodberi, Lothbury Lollesworth Lombard S. London Bridge Long L. Lothbury Loueronelane, Lonerone L., Lyneroune L. Love L. Ludgate Ludgate S. Lyme S., Lime S. Lymbarneres L., Lymburneres L., Lymbrynners’ L.

Maiones L., Manchon L., Mengone L., Maione L., Menione L., Monechene L., Munchen L., Mynioun L., Mynchen L. (Mincing L.) Manimane L. Mark L. Martel L. (near Tower of L.) Medelane, Ld. Melk S., Milk S., Melck S. Middleton A., Moundevyle A. (St. Michael, Bassishaw) Mille A. (_This is mentioned in Sharpe._) Monkwell S., Mugwell S. Moor of Finsbury More L., More S., Moor L. Moregate Mountenhaut L. Mukewelle S. Mutton L.

Newgate New Fish S. Norton Folgate

Old Bailey Old Change Old L. Olde Swanne A.

Palmers L. Pamyer Alley Pardon Ch. Yd. Pater noster Cherche L. Pater noster R. Paul’s A. Paul’s Chain Paul’s Ch. Haw. Paul’s Wharf Peacock A. Pentecost L. Petrelane end Petty France Philip’s L., Felipes L. Philpot L. Place of St. Othelbert K. Pope’s L. Portes L. Portpool S., Purtepoole S. (Gray’s Inn L.) Poultry Powles brewerie Primrose S. (S. Botolph’s, Bishopsgate) Pudding L., Podding L. Puppekirt L., Puppekirtil L. (St. Pancras)

Queenhithe

Raton S. Redecrouchestrete, Redecrochestrete, Red Cross Street Red Rose L. (Parish of St. Marg. Bridge S.) Redersgate, Redersgate L., Rederslane, Rethereslane, Rothergate L. (now Pudding L.) Renner strete (Parish of St. Sepulchre) Ridere S. Roperelane (afterwards Lovelane), Ropereslane, Roperstrate Rosemary L. Rutland C. Rylondes A.

Sacollelane, Secollane, etc. (Seacoal L.) St. Bartholomew the Less L. St. Benedict St. Botolph L. St. Brideslane St. Clement L. and S. St. James’ Hospital St. John’s S. St. Katherine de Belyterslane (Billiter S.) St. Laurence L. or S. St. Marg. atte Patynes L. or S. St. Margaret L. St. Martin Orgar L. St. Mary Axe St. Mary Matfelon St. Matthew’s A. St. Michael’s L. St. Nicholas L. St. Paul’s Churchyard St. Peter’s L. St. Sithe’s L. St. Swithin’s L. St. Vedast L. or Foster L. Sakfrerelane (so called from the Fratres de Sacca, near Coleman S.) Salisbury Court Sarmonereslane (Sermon Lane) Scaldinge Alley, Scaldynglane Scholand. See also Sholane, Shoe L. Secollane, Seacoal L. Selvernestrate, Selverstrate (Silver Street), Silverstrete, Silverstret Sermon L. Seuenhodeslane, Sofhodlane (Parish of St. Laurence Jury) Sheppardes Alley Shiteburuelane, Shitteboruelane, or Schiteburnelane, Sheteburuelane, Scheteboruelane (Sherburn Lane) Shoreditch, Soresditch, Sordige, Syoresdich, Soresdich, Shordich Sieudenleane, Sivethenelane, Sivendestret (Seething L.) Silver S. Sixe L. Slaperslane (Parish of St. Barth. the Less) Smethelane (Parish of All Hallows, Barking) Soperlane, Sopereslane Southam Lane Spital S. Sporenlane, Sporoneslane (now Huggin L.) Sporiereslane, Spiryerslane, Sporierstret, Waterlane (Parish of All Hallows, Barking) Stanynglane, Staining Lane Stepheneslane (Parish of St. Margaret), Steveneslane Stiliard, or Steelyard Stodyeslane (Parish of St. Martin in the Vintry) Stokfisshmonger R. Suffolk L. Swan A. Synechene S. Syvethenelane, Syvedenlane, Syvidlane, Seething Lane

Talbutt A., Whitechapel Thames S. Three Nunnes Alley Threeneedle S. Tornebastonlane, Turnebastlane, or Turnebastonlane Tourestrets, Tourstrate, Tower Street Tower Hill Trinity Lane Tymbrehithlane, Timber Hithe (Parish of St. Mary, Somerset)

Vine Court Vintry

Wandayeneslane (Parish of St. Sepulchre; Windagain, or Turnagain Lane) Wandegoselane (Parish of All Hallows the Great) Warwick L. Water L. Watlingstrate, Wattlyngestrete West Chepe West Fish S. Wetelane Whitecross S., Whitecrouchestrete, Whytecroychestrate White Friars Whitstonestreet Windmill S. Wirehale L. Woderouelane, or Woderovelane Wodestrate (Wood S.) Wolsislane, Woldieslane (Parish of All Hallows the Less) Wytech S. Wyvenelane (Parish of St. Mary, Somerset)

Ysmongerelane Yvilane. See also Fukemerlane, Yvylane.

APPENDIX V

The following is a list of the principal residents and householders of London, 12 Edward II., compiled for purposes of assessment: it shows how many great men of the time had town houses in the fourteenth century.

Abbot de Tower Hill ” Waltham ” Berking ” Evesham ” Wynchecombe ” Malmesbury ” Burton ” Netley ” Coggeshall ” Carthusians ” Elsing Spital ” Ely ” Bretesham ” Crichurch ” St. Barth ” St. Mary ” St. Mich. de Canterbury ” St. James ” St. Giles ” Temple ” Coll. de Derby ” Cobbeham ” St. Mich. Crooked L. ” Baylly Hall (Baliol) ” Merton ” St. Mary ” Kingston on Th. ” Pontefract ” Chaddendon ” Rejis West ” Sudbury ” Shottersbrook ” Stanford ” St. Lawrence ” Bedlem ” Domus Conversorum ” St. Thos. Southwark ” St. Kath. by Tower ” Minoresses ” Burnham ” Clerkenwell ” Haliwell ” St. Elym ” Kilburn ” Cheshunt ” Durtford ” Stratford ” Authwyke ” Godstone Prince of Wales Thomas Fitz Regis Johannes ” ” E. Duke of York Earl Arundele ” Westmoreland ” Oxford ” Marshall ” Warr ” Suffolk Lord de Clifford ” Ffererers ” Chertly ” Lestrange ” Ffurnyvall ” Le Scrope ” Beaumont ” Bargavenny ” Lovall ” Ffitzwalter ” Berkeley ” Haryngton ” De Grey de Rifsyn ” Grey de Sodnor ” Le Souche ” Cobham ” Fitz Symond Sir H. S. Miles ” J. Acourt ” J. Chamber ” Hugo Daltor ” John Bremer ” Ed. Sandsford ” Coricorele, J. ” Rd. Waldegrave ” W. Manny ” J. Chastelyon ” W. Argentyn ” J. Dabrichecourte ” J. Dauntesay ” R. Crumwell ” W. Peckle ” J. Eymsfred ” Thos. Grene ” T. Ffitz Nichol ” Chryke, John ” Lumley, J. ” Roger Straunge ” Adam Ffraunceys ” R. Denny ” J. Stanley ” Grantham ” J. Crosseby Mayor & Corp. of London Lady Mā Querne Countess Salisbury ” Hertford Lady Clynton ” Kenyett ” Pyett ” Roos ” Bardolf ” Ffartolf ” De Beauthan ” Philipot ” Norford, etc.

APPENDIX VI

THE SHOP

The following textures were sold in London, the coarse woollen goods manufactured in the City:—Mercery; “wad mal,” a woollen stuff; “lake” or fine linen; canvas, woven linen, frestian, felt, “lymere” or “lormerie,” the material used for making saddles and trappings for horses, pile, kersey, haberdashery, _i.e._ all kinds of “hapertas,” a thick woollen cloth, raw texture of Limoges, “Parmentrye” qualloorn, cloth of silk and cloth of Rheims. Striped cloth called “ray” was brought from Brabant and Flanders. Foreign weavers came to the country in great numbers. To prevent collision, the weavers of Flanders who worked to be hired were ordered to repair to the churchyard of St. Laurence Pomeroy, and those of Brabant to the churchyard of St. Mary Mounthaw.

The following inventory of a haberdasher’s shop in the year 1378 shows that it contained a most various assortment of goods. The haberdasher of the fourteenth century was a stationer, a mercer, a draper, a hatter, a boot and shoe maker, a dealer in leather, and fifty other trades. He sold, in a word, all small articles.

“2 dozens of laces of red leather, value 8d.; one gross of poynts of red leather, 18d.; one dozen of cradilbowes, made of wool and flax, 18d.; 3 cradilbowes, made of wool and flax, 3d.; one dozen of caps, one half of which are of red colour, and the other half green, 2s. 8d.; one dozen of white caps, called ‘nightcappes,’ 2s. 3d.; 2 dozens of woollen caps of divers colours, 16s.; 6 caps of black wool, 4s.; 5 caps of blue colour, and one cap of russet, 2s. 6d.; 5 children’s caps, red and blue, 2s. 1d.; one dozen of black hures, 4s.; one black hure, 4d.; two hair camises, 12d.; one red cap, 7d.; one other cap of russet, 7d.; one hat of russet, 6d.; one white hat, 3d.; 2 papers covered with red leather, 12d.; two other papers, one of them covered with black leather, and the other with red, 8d.; one purse, called ‘hamondeys,’ of sea-green colour, 6d.; 4 pairs of spurs, 2s.; one double chain of iron, 10d.; and one other iron chain, 6d.; 2 _permis_, 2s.; one cloth painted with Him Crucified, and other figures, 2s. 4d.; 8 white chains of iron for _ferrettes_, 8d.; one _flekage_ of wood, 3d.; one set of beads of _geet_, 6d.; one other set of beads of black alabaster, 4d.; three sets of beads of wood, 3d.; two pairs of pencases, with horns, 8d.; one pair of children’s boots of white woollen cloth, 2d.; one osculatory, called a _pax-bread_, 3d.; 2 sets of wooden beads, called ‘knottes,’ 4d.; 4 articles, called ‘kombes,’ of box-wood, 4d.; 2 wooden boxes, 3d.; 2 wooden _piper quernes_, 3d.; 2 pounds of linen thread, green and blue, 2s.; 2 wooden _cosynis_, 2d.; 6 purses of red leather, 4d.; 4 eyeglasses, 2d.; 18 horns, called ‘_inkehornes_,’ 18d.; 2 pencases, 6d.; one black girdle of woollen thread, 2d.; 13 quires of paper, 6s. 8d.; other paper, damaged, 6d.; one hat of russet, 6d.; 2 wooden coffins, 8d.; 2 gaming-tables, with the men, 16d.; one wooden block for shaping caps, 2d.; 6 skins of parchment, called _soylepeles_, 6d.; one wooden whistle, 2d.; 7 leaves of paper, 1d.; and 3 pieces of whippecorde, 3d.” (Riley’s _Memorials_, p. 422.)

The following is a list of goods stolen from a goldsmith’s shop in the year 1382:—

“Two silver girdles, with red _corses_ in silk, value 46s.; one silver girdle with a blue _corse_, 30s.; one other small silver girdle, with a green _corse_, 16s.; one chain of silver gilt, 40s.; one other small silver chain, 5s.; one girdle of red silk, with a _bokele_, and studded with silver gilt, 16s.; one silver chalice, with paten, 38s.; 2 sets of phials of silver, their _swages_ gilt, 20s.; one osculatory of silver gilt, 20s.; two mazer cups, bound with silver gilt, 33s. 4d.; 6 silver spoons, 14s.; 2 gold rings, with two _dyamaundes_, £15; one gold ring with a _baleys_, 26s. 8d.; 3 strings of pearls, 70s.; 6 gold necklaces, 100s.; and other goods and chattels, such as fermails and rings of silver gilt, broken silver girdles set with silver, buckles and pendants for girdles, and _paternosters_, of silver and pearls, to the value of £40.” (Riley’s _Memorials_, p. 470.)

APPENDIX VII

THE ASSIZE OF BUILDING

The following is an abridgment of the ordinances, said to have been issued in 1189 and ascribed by John Carpenter to Henry Fitz Aylwin, first Mayor “for the allaying of the contentions that from time to time arise touching boundaries, etc.”

The said “provision and ordinance” was called an Assize.

1. The Mayor to be assisted by committee, or jury, or twelve men elected in full Hustings.

2. If any one demands the Assize, _i.e._ appeals to the Mayor in case of a dispute, he must do so in full Hustings. And if no Hustings are sitting, then he may ask it of the Mayor and Aldermen.

3. Thickness and height of a party wall of stone.

It is to be three feet wide and sixteen feet high. Either, or both, may make a gutter to carry off the rain into the street.

Arches one foot deep may be made in the wall for aumbries, or cupboards.

4. If one of two neighbours wishes to build a party wall of stone, and the other is too poor to join him, then the latter shall give the former three feet of his own land to build upon. But not for the purpose of narrowing or stopping any doorway, inlet, outlet, or shop.

5. If a man build a stone wall, at his own expense, sixteen feet high, his neighbour must make a gutter under the eaves of the house and so carry off the rain water.

6. A party wall must not be taken down or lessened in thickness without the consent of both parties.

7. Cesspools, etc., shall not be constructed at a less distance from a party wall than 2½ feet if they are lined with stone. If they are not so lined, they shall not be constructed within three feet.

8. “Ancient Lights,” as we now call them, need not be respected unless provision has been made by writing against their obstruction.

9. Corbels must not be removed except by common consent.

10. If any person builds to the injury of a neighbour’s tenement, the latter may stop the building until the decision of the Mayor after he has visited the place.

11. The award to be carried into effect within 40 days.

There are other ordinances chiefly concerned with the construction of gutters for the rain water.

APPENDIX VIII

RULES CONCERNING LAWYERS

“In the time of Gregory, Mayor of London, in the eighth year of the reign of King Edward, because that oftentimes there were some who made themselves countors, who did not understand their profession, nor had learnt it; as to whom, the substantial men of the City well perceived that through their ignorance the impleaded and impleaders lost their pleas and their suits, in the Hustings and in the houses of the Sheriffs, and that some were disinherited through their foolish conduct; seeing that every one made himself a countor at his own will, such a one sometimes as did not know how to speak in proper language, to the great scandal of the Courts aforesaid which allowed them so to be, as also pleaders, and attorneys, and essoiners, and sometimes in the Sheriff’s Court, assessors, and [thereby] each of them the judge of others, privily or openly; through which, right was intercepted by them:—the Mayor aforesaid, with his Aldermen, and other substantial men of the City, at the request of the serjeants and countors who understood their profession, and who therein felt themselves greatly aggrieved, has established that from henceforth such persons shall not be heard as do not reasonably understand their profession, and how becomingly to manage the business and the suits of the substantial men; and that such person shall hereafter be admitted by the Mayor and the substantial men aforesaid; saving nevertheless unto each reputable man such counsel as he shall wish to have, either from stranger or from denizen [and] such as he shall think proper to seek for his business. But that this ordinance and establishment shall hold good so far as our serjeants, attorneys, and essoiners, who generally frequent our Courts, and are constantly dwelling among us. And their will is, that each one hold his own estate, that is to say, that no countor be an attorney or an essoiner, and no essoiner a countor or an attorney.

The duty of a countor is as follows:—Standing, to plead and to count counts, and to make proffers at the bar, without baseness, and without reproach and foul words, and without slandering any man, so long as the Court lasts. Nor shall serjeants or attorneys go further in front beyond the bar or the seat where their sitting is; nor shall any one be assessor, or sit near the bailiff, for delivering pleas or judgments, unless it so be that the principal bailiff who is holding the Court shall call him unto him; and in such case he shall make oath that he will support neither side.

Nor shall any countor, or any other man, counterplead or gainsay the records or the judgments; but if it appear to them that there is some error therein, according to the law and usage of the City, let them make complaint or representation unto the Mayor, who shall redress the error, if there be one in the matter. No countor is to undertake a suit to be partner in such suit, or to take pay from both parties in any action; but well and lawfully he shall exercise his profession. No countor or other is to gainsay the judgments of the Hustings, or to go about procuring how to defeat the acts and the awards of the community. And that this they will do the countors shall make oath.

He who shall be near the judge without being invited, or who shall counterplead the records and the judgments [or] who shall slander another, if [it be] in the Sheriff’s Court, shall be suspended for eight days, so that he shall count for no one, or else he shall be amerced by the Sheriff in half a mark. If [it be] in the Hustings, he shall be suspended for three Hustings or more, according to the offence. He who takes from both parties and is attainted thereof, shall be suspended for three years: where one takes [money], and then leaves his client, and leagues himself with the other party, and where one takes [money] and abandons his client, let such person return twofold, and not be heard against the client in that plea. He who goes about procuring how to defeat the awards or the judgments of the community, and is attainted thereof, shall be for ever suspended, and held as one perjured for ever. And the countor who undertakes a plea to partake in the demand, shall be for ever suspended, if he be attainted thereof. The attorneys are to have this same penalty [inflicted], if they contravene this ordinance, and be attainted thereof. If the attorneys, by their default or by their negligence, lose the actions of those whose attorneys they are, they are to have imprisonment, according to the Statute of the King. And no one who is an attorney shall be an essoiner, and no essoiner shall be an attorney, under the pain aforesaid.”—_Liber Custumarum_, vol. ii. pt. ii. pp. 595-597.

APPENDIX IX

I APPEND A LIST OF MEDIÆVAL SURNAMES COMPILED FROM THE USUAL AUTHORITIES

Abraham Abyndone Adryan Akatur Albany Albon Aleyn Andreu Andrew Appeltone Araz Arundel Asheby Askham Asshurst Aswy or Eswy Atte Watre Aubrey Austin Auvergne

Babutz Bacoun Bacquelle Bacun Baddeby Balancer Baldoke Bamme Banquelle Barentyn Bartholomew Bartlot Bartone Basinge Basse Bat Bathe Beauchampe Beauflour Beauflur Beche Bedord Bekeryng Belhomme Benyngtone Bereford Berkinge Bernard Bernardestone Bernes Berneye Berteville Beste Betoyne, or Betoigne Betoynne Bever Blakamour Blakethorn Blankpayn Blome Blomville Blound, Blount, or Blund Bokbyndere Bokebyndere Bolet Bolfynch Boner Bonere Roseham Boteler Botild Boune Bourchier Bourtone Box Brabason Brademore Bramptone Brandone Bransby Brayeler Braynford Bregerdelere Brembre Bret Bretun Briclesworthe Briggewater Bright Broun Buckingham Buk Bukerel Bukke Bukskyn Bukstone Burelman Burford Bury Byndo Bysshe

Cade Callere Camerwelle Cauntbrigge Cauntebrigge Carbonelle Carlelle, or Karlelle Carpenter Caumpes Caustone Cavendisshe Caxtone Cesario Charney Chaucer Chauntecler Chelse Chesthunte Cheyne Chichele Chichestre Chietesmyth Chigewelle Chigwelle Chircheman Chopyns Claveryng Claydone Cleaungre Clenhond Cokayn Cokkow Colbrok Columbers Combemartyn Conduit Constantyn Cornewaleys Cornwall Corp Cosin Cosyn Costantyn Cotiller Cottone Coulee Courteney Coventre Coxi Crepin Cressewyk Cressy Cros Croydone Crowmere Curteys Cusyn

Dalyngrugge Darcy De la Pole Denecombe Depham Derlyng Derneford Despencer Despenser Deveros Dissard Disshere Doblere Dod Dode Doget Dolsely Donestaple Donne Dorset Draytone Drury Drynkewatre Duchewoman Ducket Dufhous Duke Duket Duntone Durham Dyce Dyne

Edythe Elias Elsynge Eltham Elys Enefelde Engleys Essex Estanes Eswy. See Aswy Everard Evote Ewen or Iwayn Extone Eynesham

Fanelore Fannere Farndone Fastolfe Feltone Feron Fevere Fiffyde Figge Filiol Fithyan Fitz-Peter FitzWalter Flambard Flawner Flour Flourman Forester Fox Foxtone Franke Frankeleyn Fraunceys Freke Frere Fresfisshe Fresshe Frestlyng Frestone Frowyk Fryday Fulham Fullere Fychet Fyffudlere Fynche Fyssher

Galeys, or Waleys Gandre Garendone Gartone Gaveston Gaytone Gedeney Gest Geyte Gidyheued Gilder Gisors Gisorz Glaswryght Gloucester Gloucestre Go in the Wind Godchep Godchild Godefray Godessone Godgrom Godrich Grantham Grantone Grenecobbe Grey Grobbelane Grosteste Guydichon Guydichon Gyngyver Gyngyvere Gysorz. See Gisorz

Hadestok Hadlee Hagemakere Hakeneye Haldene Hales Hallingbyry Hallokestone Hamond Hapeneye Hardi Hardingham Harmere Haselshawe Hastevilleyn Hastynges Hatfeld Haunsard Hauteyn Haveryng Hawtyn Hayne Heaumer Hecham Hende Hendone Hengham Hereford Herle Heremyt Hert Hertpol Hervey Heryng Hethe Heylesdone Hille Hiltoft Hoking Hoklee Holbeche Holbourne Horn Horwode Hosiere Hottere Houndesdiche Hugh Hughlot Huntingdon Hyndstoke Hyngstok Hynxtone

Iford Ilford Ingham Ismongere (Ironmonger) Iwayn. See Ewen

Jacob Jardevile Jober Joce (or Joseph) Johansone Joignour Jolyf Jordan Jordon Juliers Jurdone Juvenal

Kanynges Kayho Keleseie Keleseye Kelleseye Kene Kereswelle Keu Kissere Knapet Knolles Knyghtcote Kynge Kyngesbrugge Kyngescote Kyngestone Kyslyngbury

Lacer Lacir Lambyn Lancaster Lane Langetone Langford Langley Lapewater Latymer Launde Lavender Leche Leddred (Leatherhead) Ledrede (Leatherhead) Leg Legge, or Leggy Lescrope Lesnes Lestraunge Leuesham Leukenore Leyre Lillo Lincoln Lions Lisle Litle Little Lobenham Lodelawe Lodelowe Loke, or Lokes Lokyer Lomelyn London Long Longe Longelee Loseye Louthe Love Lovekyn Loveye Lucas Lucy Ludgate Lue Lumbard Lydgate Lyghtefote Lyndewode Lyon

Maceler Maghfeld Maiot March Martlesham, or Martesham Maryns Maundeville Maundeware Mayn Maynard Mazeliner, or Mazerer Mede Meldone Mereworthe Merivale Merlawe Merymouth Messager Metingham Michel Michelle Miltone Mirivale Mirourer Mitere Mitforde Mocking Mokkinge Mokkyng Molyns Montacute Mordone More Moreland Morlee Motoun Motun Munceny Mustarder

Naufretone Naylere Neuport Noreys Norfolk Northamptone Northhalle Northumberland Nortone Note Nottingham Notyngham Nyppe

Odyham Okkele Olneye Organ Ormond Otemonger Oundle Outlawe Overhee Oxenford Oynter

Pancregge Paris Parker Pastemakere Paternostrer Peeche Peck Peintour Pekham Pelham Pembroke Penne Perers Perler Perveys Petewardyn Petteleye Peyto Phalaise Phelipot Phippe Plastrer Podenhale Podifat Polehulle Poletrie Polle Pope Poppe, or Puppe Portlaunde Pot Poterel Poumfreyt Pountfreyt Pourte Poyntel Prest Prestone Priour Proffyt Pulteneye Purtreour Pycard Pycot Pyel Pyke, or Pike Pykeman Pynchon Pynchone Pyrie

Queldrik Quelhogge Querdelion

Ram Rameseye Randolf Reche Rede Redere Redhede Refham Reynham Reynold Reynwelle Richer Richmond Ridere Roandi Robire Robyn Rokele Rokesle Rokeslee Rolf Romeyn Roo Roos Rote Rothing Rothinge Rous Russel Russell Ryghtwys

St. Alban’s St. Ives St. Omer St. Paul Sandale Sandwich Saxtone Say Scardeburghe Scheld Schipwaysshe Schot Screveyn Seccheford Sely Servat Settere Sevenoke Sewale Shadworth Sharnefeld Shedewater Shene Shepeye Sheryngham Shirbourne Shirlok Shorne Short Shrympelmersshe Sibyle Skames Skirmisour Sloghtre Smel Smelt Smythe Somenour Sopere Soudan Spayne Spicer Sporiere Sprot Sprott Spryg Spynola Stable Standolf Standulf Stannowe Staundone Stodeye Stokwelle Stompcost Stonore Stow Stowe Stratford Strode Sturmy Suffolk Surigien Surmyn Suttone Swalclyve Swanlond Swift Syward Symmes

Talbot Taleworth Thame Thedmar Thunderle Tilneye Tithyngecombe Todenham, or Tudenham Tonge Tornegold Tour Tracy Tremayn Trente Tresilian Trig, or Tryg Trigge Trompour Trugge Trumpyngtone Trumnelle Turk Turke Twyford Tylneye

Uggele Uptone Ussher

Vache Van Tene Vanaghte Vannere Vanthebrok Vautort Venour Voudenay Vygerons

Wade Wake Walcot Waldene Walderne Waldeschef Waldeshefe Waldeshef Waleys Walford Wallace Wallocke Walpole Walrain Walssheman Walsyngham Walter Waltham Walworth Warde Warner Warwick Watlyngtone Wayllyhs Wayte Welburgham Welde Welesby Welford Welleford Welyngtone Wengrave Wenlok Wentbrygge Westerham Westone Whitby Whitloke Whityngham Whyte Wighe Wight Wilford William Wilman Windesore Wintone Wircestre Wirdrawere Wodecok Wodehous Wolsy Woodstock Worsele Worstede Worthyn Wottone Wrastelyngworthe Wrothe Wychingham Wydingtone Wykeham Wykes Wylesdone Wymbish Wymbissh Wympler Wynge Wyndesore Wysman

Yakeslee Yeevelee, or Yevele Yonkere Yungelyn Yvinghoo

INDEX

Aaron of York, 26

Abattoirs, the, 229

Abbey of Bec, the, 277; of St. Peter, 184

Abelard, 336

Aberdeen, 45

Abergavenny House, 245

Abingdon, 124; the Abbay of, 96

Achard, 200

Act of Common Council, 146

Acton, Sir Roger, 104

Acts, 94

Addle Hill, 237; Street, 239

Admiral of France, the, 265

Adrian, John, 36

Agincourt, 107, 135, 322

Agnes, sister of Thomas à Becket, 7, 8

Agreement of Caursini, ordinary form of, 211

Ailred of Rievaulx, 332

Alan, the Capmaker, 36

Albemarle, Earl of, 30, 93

Albertis, Thomas de, 352, 353

Alcuin of York, 331

Aldermanbury, 101, 239

Aldermen, 4, 14, 17, 24, 41, 45, 48, 50, 51, 52, 53, 61, 64, 69, 70, 71, 77, 79, 81, 85, 88, 89, 90, 92, 94, 105, 107, 108, 109, 112, 113, 123, 124, 130, 136, 139, 140, 183, 215, 218, 227, 232, 233, 244, 284, 303, 322, 323, 325

Aldersgate, 162, 168, 233, 239, 352; Street, 164, 245; Bar, 164

Aldgate, 18, 65, 73, 81, 143, 144, 145, 163, 167, 177, 233, 234, 235, 239, 353; Bar, 164

Alegate, 183

Ale-stakes, 291

Alexander III. of Scotland, 36

Aleyn, John, 267

Alfred, 65

Aliens, ordered to depart, 3

Allectus, 189

Allhallows Lane, 206

Almaine, 358, 388, 389

Almshouses, 99, 164; God’s House, 97

Amen Corner, 245

“A Mery Geste of Robin Hood,” 312

Amiens, 389, 390

_Anatomy of Melancholy_, the, 339

Anchorites, 172

Anderson, 222

Anelace, 369

Ann of Lodbury, 350

Anselm, 331

Ansgar, the Staller, 223

Ansley, John, 326

Antiquarian Repository, the, 341

Antwerp, 189, 201, 389

Appletone, Brother William, 82

Apprentices, 101, 191, 217, 218, 220, 266, 267, 268, 290

Aquitaine, 74, 80

Aragon, 326

Arbalisters, 44

_Archæologia_, 150, 214, 294, 309, 380

Archery, decay of, 73

Arms and armour, 41, 228, 284, 287; passage of arms, 265

Arundel, Bishop, 104

Arundel, the Earl of, 320

Arundel House, 184

Asheby, Sir Robert de, 64

Ashfield, Alice, Prioress, 153

Asia Minor, 345

Astern, 331

Astrology, 338

Aswy, Alderman of Chepe, 40

Atwod, John, 356

_Auricalcum_, 258

Auripigment, 258

_Aurum potabile_, 339

Austin Friars, 239

Auvergne, 287

Ave Marie Lane, 167

Avignon, 343

Axe, the, 174

Aylmer, 126

Aylwin Finch, 200

_Babees Book, The_, 272, 298

Babington, 45

Bacon, Roger, 332

Bacon, Sir Francis, 140

Bacons, the, 217

Badlesmere, Sir Bartholomew de, 54

Bailiffs, 32, 34; of Oxford, of Chepstow, 267

Bakers’ Hall, 259

Baldok, Master Robert, 56

Baldwin, the Archdeacon, 278

Bale, 333

Ball of Canterbury, John, 284

Balliol, 45

Balsham, Ivella de, 350

Baltic, 189; the trade of the, 206

Bamme, Adam, 279

Bandy-ball, 74

Banhams, the, 217

Bankside, 168, 274, 275, 307

Banning, Paul, 225

Banquets, 69, 79, 92, 124, 296; menus of, 295

Barbers, 337; supervisor of, appointed, 232

Bardham, Alderman, 224

Bardi, the, 65

Bardolf, Lord, 94

Barking, in Essex, 252

Barnard, Alderman Sir John, 224

Barne, Sir George, 308

Barnes, John, 98

Barnham, Alderman, 224

Barons, the, 14, 17, 18, 28, 32, 48, 49; Henry III., 20

Bartholomew, 258; the Grocer, 36

Baselard, 352

Basset, Robert, 143, 144, 146

Bassieshaw, 238

Bastard of Burgundy, the, 326

Bastard of Falconbridge, 186

Basyng, Thomas, 36

Bat, Thomas, 231

Batell, the Abbay of, 96

Bath, Knights of the, 121, 139

Bath, the Bishops of, 122

Bathe, the See of, 96

Batman, 258

Battencourt, Luke de, 35

Battersea, 168

Battle, 258; the Abbot of, 79

Battles—Barnet, 141, 142; Bosworth Field, 156; Northampton, 136; Saint Albans, 136; Tewkesbury, 141, 142; Towton, 139

Baudwyn de la Heuse, 265

_Bayard’s bun_, 290

Bayeux, 265

Bayle, John, 130

Baynard’s Castle, 17, 82, 138, 154, 155, 238, 245, 259, 322, 364

Bayswater, 290

Beam, the common, 109

Beauchamp, Guy, Earl of Warwick, 327; Sir John, 119; William, 320

Beaufe, Sir Philip le, 326

Beaufort, Cardinal, 116; Henry, 112, 113

Beaumonts, the, 245

Beaumore, Richard, 167

Bec, the Abbey of, 277

Becket, Gilbert, 7; Thomas à, 7, 8, 218

Beckford, Alderman, 225

Bede, 331

Bedford, Countess of, 354; Duke of, 111, 112, 113, 114, 116, 327; Earl of, 122

Bedford House, 184

Beds, 256

Beggars, 363

Belet, Master Michael, 320

Belknap, Robert, 79

Bell, Adam, 361

Belstede, Godfrey de, 371

Benchers, 336

Benedict, 332; XIII., 116

Benedict, Wolman, 95

Benefactions and Endowments, fifteenth century, 97-99

Benefices held by foreigners, 26; presentation of, to foreigners, 30

Bergen, 189, 206

Berkeley, the Lords of, 245

Berklee, Sir Moriz de, 56

Berks, 94

Bermondsey, 332; Court held at, 3

Berners, Dame Juliana, 299

Berwick, 45, 188

Besant Lefwine, 200

Besant, the, 200

Besaunt, Robert, 222

Beton, the Brewster, 292

Betoyne, Richard de, 57

Beverley, John, 104

Bigod, R. le, Earl of Norfolk, 30

Bill of Articles, 127

Billecoks claybakes, 265

Billing, 238

Billingsgate, 34, 73, 81, 94, 168, 176, 178, 185, 190, 193, 197, 204, 226, 253, 282, 302, 364, 388

Birchovers Lane, 174

Bishops, 28, 245; of Bangor, 77; of Durham, 72; of Erkenwald, 164; of London, 30, 69, 72, 76, 85, 86, 89, 212, 344; Wulstan, 331

Bishopsgate, 143, 145, 230, 235, 239, 391, 363; Bar, 164; Street, 165, 177, 194

Bishop’s Palace, the, 146

Black Death, the, 69, 71, 345

Black Friars, 49, 54, 57, 145, 238, 239, 240, 245; The Great Hall of the, 85

Blackheath, 90, 108, 124, 127, 129, 133, 142, 244, 389

Black Prince, the, 69, 72, 74, 79, 97, 243, 245, 258

Blackwall, 144

Blackwell, 245

Blakeney, William, 354

Blome, Richard, 235

Blounts, the Lords Mountjoy, 245

Blowbladder Street, 177

Blue Beard, 126

_Boke of Curtasye_, the, 299

_Boke of Nurture_, the, 296

_Boke of St. Albans_, 299

Boleyn, Alderman Sir Geoffrey, 224

Boleyns, the, 217

Bolingbroke, Master Roger, 117

Bolton-le-Moor, 357

Bond, Alderman, 224

Boniface, election as Archbishop of Canterbury, 28, 29, 391

Books, chained, 330; Glastonbury, list of, 329; list of Forty, 329; presented by Guy Beauchamp to the Monks of Bordesley, 327

Bordeaux, 74, 208, 266, 286, 299, 300; Mayor of, 217

Boroughbridge, 54

Boston, 163, 390

Botolph Lane, Billingsgate, 239, 244

Botolphstown, 163

Bottom, the Weaver, 258

Boulogne, 189

Bountayn, Roger, 266

Bouverie, E. de, 225

Bowyer Row, 167, 175

Box, Robert, 366

Brabant, 202, 394; the Duke of, 116

Brabazun, Sir Roger, 43, 359

Bradbury, 222

Bradby, John, 100, 120

Bradestrete, 369

Bradwell, 187

Brand, John, 189

“Brank,” the, 356

Brayn, Mathew, 134

Bread, feeding horses with, 290

Bread Street, 238; Compter, 140; Hill, 237; Ward, 215

Brembre, Nicolas, 77, 80, 84, 86, 259

Brembres, the, 217, 359

Brereton, Humphrey, 271

“Bretasche,” 65

Breton pirates, 266

Bretoun, John, 73

Brewer, William, 15

Breweries, 234

Brewers, 259

Bridewell, 241, 242, 245, 364

Bridge Estate, the, 303

Bridge House, the, 185

Bridge Row, 174, 238

Bridges—Bow, 162; Fleet, 235; Holborn, 167; London, 6, 33, 37, 45, 46, 52, 55, 82, 89, 93, 94, 108, 112, 124, 129, 131, 133, 135, 142, 143, 144, 167, 174, 178, 185, 190, 192, 228, 236, 244, 251, 341, 346, 350, 370, 388, 389

Bridge Street, 118, 174, 242

Bristol, 200

Brittany, 202, 266; the Duke of, 245

Broad Street, 233

Broun, Sir Stephen, 224

Brown, John, 269

Brown, Peter, 269

Browne, John, 104

Bruce, 47

Bruges, 201, 265, 266, 268, 319

Brune, 389

Brunellus, 332

Brystow, the Abbay of, 96

Buccointes, 222

Buckingham, the Duke of, 128, 129, 154, 155, 156, 215, 245; the Earl of, 80

Bucklersbury, 174, 239, 242

Bucks, 94

Building, Assize of, 395

Builth, 37

Bukerels, the, 222, 224, 239; William, 369

Bullen, 222

Burgh, Hubert de, 20, 22

Burghasche, Sir Bartholomew, 56

Burgomasters of Bruges, 268

Burgundy, 202, 350; the Duke of, 116, 120, 299

Burleigh House, 184

Burton, 96

Bury, the Abbay of, 96

Bury St. Edmunds, the Abbot of, 62, 66, 332

Bury, William, 352, 353

Butchers’ Hall, 259

Butler, the King’s, 79

Bylande, 96

Byngham, William, 97, 99

Cade, John, 126, 127, 129, 131, 132, 372

Caen, 68, 186, 265, 277

Cahors, the merchants of, 210

Calais, 4, 120, 201; the surrender, 68

_Calendar of Wills_, the, 237, 373, 375, 381

Calthorpe, 222

Cambridge, 97, 197, 279; the Earl of, 107

Cambuck, 74

Camden, 223, 242

Camomile Street, 164

Campanile, the, 183

Candlewick Street, 174, 177

Canny, Roger, 366, 368

Canterbury, 200, 244, 258, 323, 331; Archbishop of, 28, 38, 57, 72, 76, 82, 84, 92, 121, 122, 129, 131, 132, 320; Archdeacon of, 201

Canterbury, Isaac de, 369, 370

Canterbury, Simon de, 248

Canynges of Bristol, 190

Capel, 222

Capell, Sir William, 224

Capgrave, 189

Carausius, 189

Cardinals, 358

Carenten, 68

Carey, Henry, 216

Carey, Robert, 326

Carpenter, John, 97, 99

Carter Lane, 167

_Catapuce_, the, 339

Catherine of Arragon, 243

Caursines or Caursini, the, 23, 34, 44, 209-213

Causton, William de, 65

Caxton, 209, 218

Cemeteries, 344

Chaloner, John le, 366

Chalton, 222

Chamber of London, 263

Chancery, Houses of, 335; Inns, 335; Lane, 335

Channel, the English, 266, 365

Chantries, Endowments of, 305

Chapel on London Bridge, the, 198

Chapter House of Westminster, the, 65

Charing Cross, 43, 140, 151, 235

Charles VI., 318; V., the Emperor, 242, 327

Charlton, Sir Edward, 106

Charterhouse, 344; Square, 344

Charters, Ed. I., 44; Ed. II., 51; Ed. III., 58-61, 67, 71; Ed. IV., 139, 146; Hen. II., 4; Hen. III., 22, 23; Hen. IV., 94; John, 13; Richard, 12; Richard II., 80, 86, 89, 113, 114, 205, 264, 390; of Pardon, 361; “Charter,” the, 133

Chaucer, Geoffrey, 65, 74, 163, 172, 186, 231, 249, 276, 230, 290, 293, 312, 315, 318, 334, 338, 339, 376

Cheap or Chepe, 51, 61, 82, 94, 97, 118, 130, 167, 173, 175, 176, 177, 194, 234, 235, 239, 302; West Chepe, 38, 39, 50, 174, 175, 176, 177, 369

Cheape of London, 215

Cheapside, 38, 63, 79, 100, 138, 169, 231, 232, 236, 277, 325, 326, 354, 359

Chepstow, 266

Chertsey, 146

Cheshunt, 371

Chester, 96, 118, 121, 216, 331; the Earl of, 23, 320

Chichele, Archbishop, 105, 263; Sir Robert, 97, 218, 303

Chicheles, the, 217, 263

Chigwell, Hamo de, 54

Child, Sir Josiah, 224

Chiltern, 317

China, 343

Christian names, 372

Christmas, the feast of, 307, 308

_Chronicle_, 100, 101, 109; Gregory’s, 120, 124; _of London_, 113, 124; _Collection of a London Citizen_, 123; _Chronicles of Old London_, 42; Stow’s, 24, 30, 51, 215

Church, the, 95, 99, 107, 124, 283; of England, 86; and usury, 9; and John, 15, 16; the Roman, 31, 169-172

Churches, architecture of, 245; opportunities for social intercourse, 257; Abbey, 36; All Hallows, Barking, 226; All Hallows the Great, 45, 126, 171, 208; All Hallows the Less, 171, 208; Austin Friars, 180; Barking, 40, 365; Blackfriars, 181; Bow, 38, 174; Bowles, 325; Canterbury Cathedral, 278; Cristes, 96; Holy Trinity, 99; Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem, 81; King Edward’s Free Chapel, 345; Mercers’ Chapel, 7, 277; Milan Cathedral, 315; North Stoneham, 209; Pyx, chapel of, 261; Rolls Chapel, 23; St. Albans, 99; St. Alphege, 246; St. Andrew, 167; St. Andrew’s, Holborn, 126, 335; St. Antholin’s, 233; St. Augustine, 181; St. Bartholomew’s the Little, 215; St. Benedict, 181; St. Botolph, 163, 165, 166, 239; St. Bride’s, Fleet St., 15; St. Catherine, Chapel of, 103; St. Christopher, 86; St. Clement, 55; St. Diones, 325; St. Ethelburga, 164; St. George’s Southwark, 89; St. Giles, 20, 68, 104, 107; Cripplegate, 159, 165; St. Helen’s, 180, 288; St. James, Garlickhythe, 169; St. John the Baptist, 246; St. Katherine Cree, 171; St. Katharine Coleman, 171; St. Lawrence, 226; St. Leonard Shoreditch, 165; St. Magnus, 178; St. Margaret, Southwark, 131; St. Martin, 168, 198; St. Martin le Grand, 60, 120, 174, 226, 228, 239, 361; St. Martin, Ludgate Hill, 246; St. Martin Outwich, 246; St. Martin’s, Vintry, 169; St. Mary-le-Bow, 64, 226; St. Mary Magdalene, 181; St. Mary Matfelon, 164; St. Mary Mounthaw, 171; St. Mary of Grace, 99; St. Mary Overies, 234, 364; St. Mary Somerset, 169, 171; St. Mary Spital, 98; St. Mary Staining, 169; St. Mary Stanigeslane, 370; St. Michael, 50, 169; Cornhill, 118, 180, 356; St. Nicholas, Cole Abbey, 171, 181; St. Olave, 178; St. Oswyth, 100, 239; St. Paul’s Cathedral, 7, 11, 24, 50, 55, 62, 74, 76, 85, 86, 100, 104, 105, 107, 109, 118, 119, 136, 145, 166, 176, 180, 182, 184, 226, 240, 241, 244, 327, 332, 379; St. Peter, 64, 99, 169, 180; St. Peter’s, Cornhill, 292; St. Peter, Colechurch, 126; St. Stephen’s Chapel, 305; St. Stephen, Walbrook, 369; St. Thomas of Acon, 7, 64, 228; St. Thomas Watering, 108; Walton-on-Thames, 356; Winchester, 315

Churchyards, 246, 344, 394

Cinque Ports, the, 18, 188, 320; Warden of, 119

Circetir, the Abbay of, 96

Cirencester, 332

Citizens, the, 13, 18; and John, 11; wealth and state of the, 259

City, the, 125; and Bastard of Falconbridge, 141; beginning of struggle between aristocratic party and the crafts, 13; blockaded by land and sea, 20; and charters of Edward III., 59-61; and civil wars, 32, 135; and country, connection between, 217; crowding of the, 235; customs, 231; dissensions in, 39, 51, 80; and Duke of Lancaster, 77, 79; and Edward I., 40; and Edward II., 49, 51-53, 54; and Edward III., 70, 72, 73; and Edward IV., 140; and birth of Edward of Windsor and election of Aldermen, 89; and election of Mayor, 44, 57, 70; and election of Sheriffs, 44, 70; expulsion of leprous persons from, 68; and Free Trade, 62; and Henry II., 3, 4, 6; and Henry III., 22, 23, 32, 33; and Henry IV., 94, 99; and Henry V., 107; and Henry VI., 113, 120, 124; and the Duke of Gloucester, 153-156; government of, 230; internal conditions in 1221, 20; and Jack Cade, 127; and John, 13, 18; liberties of the, 25, 40, 49, 136; lighting by night, 109; and the Lollards, 84; and Magna Charta, 18; loyalty of, under Harry of Monmouth, 107; occupation by the Earl of Gloucester, 33; paving of, 232; and plague, 342-347; precedence of Mayor decided, 107; prosperity of, 101; poverty in reign of Henry VI., 135; quarrelling between the trades, 61; receives Queen Eleanor of Provence, 24; revenues obtained from, in 1268, 34; and Reform, 76; and Richard I., 12; and Richard II., 80, 86, 88, 90; riots, 64; safe keeping of the, 227-228; and the Spensers, 54; and tallage, 36, 50; trade regulated, 36

City Barons, Association of, 13

City Companies, the, 71, 73, 89, 174, 187, 233, 245, 253, 323; halls of, 236, 245, 270

City Ditch, the, 101

City Fathers, the, 36, 40, 89, 105, 152

City of London School, 97

City Marshals, 364

City Police, the, 391

City walls, the, 101, 159-168, 176

Clare, Gilbert de, 33, 49

Clarence, 140; Duke of, 146, 154

Clarke, Mr. Willis, 329

Claryngton, Sir Roger, 93

Clenhond, John, 279

Clergy, the, 95, 379; the benefit of, 293

Clerk, John le, 364; Richard, 369

Clerke, William le, 369

Clerkenwell, 237, 239, 360, 364

Cleydon, 120; John, 105

Cleve, Gosceline de, 69

Clifford, Lord, 259

Clink, the, 355

Clope, Gilbert, 370

Clopton, 222

Clym of the Clough, 361

Cnut, 20, 240

Coal-exchange, the, 176

Coals, 193

Cobbs or Water-leaders, 235

Cobham, 120; Eleanor, 114, 116, 118, 350; Lord, 86, 100

Cockfighting, 74

Cock Lane, Smithfield, 274, 275

Cocke, Thomas, 127

Codesfold, Richard de, 370

Coffeur, Henry le, 368; Matilda, 368

Coggeshale, Abbay of, 96

Coinage of golden pennies issued, 33

Coins, 200

Coke, Alderman Sir Thomas, 139, 140, 141, 224

Colchestre, Gilbert de, 368

Cold Harbour, 180, 245

Colechurch, Peter of, 6

Coleman Street, 235, 239

Colet, 222

_Collections of a London Citizen_, 112

College Hill, 245

College of Priests, 263

College Street, 239

Colleges, Law, list of, 325; Sion, 97; God’s House, 97; of Christ, 97; of the Holy Spirit, 97

Colman, 331

Cologne, 205, 390

Commissioner, the King’s, 54

Common Council, the, 70, 230

“Common Hunt,” the, 165

Common Seal, the, 52

Common Serjeant, the, 352

Commons of the City, the, 33

Commune, Chief Magistrate of the, 14; establishment of the, 13; granting of the, 11

Companies’ Halls, the, 236, 245, 270

Companies, lending money to the King, list of, 213

Conduits, 24, 43, 50, 97, 125, 205, 233, 235, 359; the Great, 38, 125, 174, 234, 235; the Little, 125, 234, 235; Lambe’s, 235

Conspiracies, 107

Constable of the Tower, the, 34

Constantine Copronymus, 315

Constantinople, 343, 389

Conventions, 390

Cony, John, 69

Cook, Hamon, 368; James, 188; Master Walter, 250

Cooke, 222

Cooks, 259; cook-shops, 294

Corby, 389, 390

Cordwainer Street, 174

Corey, 344

Cork, 204

Cornhill, Reignold de, 15

Cornhill, 56, 174, 177, 191, 192, 193, 194, 237, 238, 253, 307, 355, 360

Cornwall, Richard, Earl of, 30, 48, 49

Corporation, 264

Corpus Christi, the Feast of, 81

Corsica, 343

Cote, John, 126

Cotes, 222

Cotton, Bartholomew, 42, 332

Council of the City, the, 15

Court, for Common Pleas, the King’s, 19; of Exchequer, 37; of Husting, 17, 280, 389, 395, 396; Houses of, 335; Lord Mayor’s, 266; Sheriff’s, 396

Courts of the City, the, 15, 25

Courtenay, William, 84

Cousin Lane, 206

Covent Garden, 233

Coventre, the Abbay of, 96

Coventre, Henry de, 36, 365

Coventry, Sir John, 224, 225

Coventry, 205

Cow, 222

Crafts of London, the, 118; Regulation of the, 71

Craftsman, the, 233

Cranes, 298

Cranfield, Lionel, Earl of Middlesex, 224

Cranmer, 107

Craven, Sir William, 225

Cray, the water of, 307

Crecy, the battle of, 67

Creed Lane, 167

Crepelgate, 61

Crepin, Ralph, 38

Crichurche, 118

Crime, 349

Cripplegate, 97, 168, 235, 239, 263

Cromwell, Earl of Essex, 245

Crosby Hall, 153, 247, 277; House, 245, 250

Crosby, Sir Thomas, 153

Crosses, 175; High Cross of Cheape, the, 287; Holborn, 235; Paul’s, 36, 49, 106, 116, 117, 147, 154, 175, 183, 239; Ratcliffe, 187; Stone Cross, the, 161; in Cheape, 38, 54, 55, 125; Queen Eleanor’s, 176

Crowlande, 96

Crowmer, 129

Crowmer, Sir James, 130

Crusade, first, 345

Crutched Friars, the, 239, 245

Cucking-stool, the, 356

Cunningham, W., 185, 196

Curfew, 40, 62, 226, 341, 361

Curtoys, John, 366

Customs, 79, 94; the King’s, collected, 185

Custos, 32, 33, 34, 39, 40, 42, 88

Cyprus, 300; the King of, 69, 343

Dacre, Sir Thomas, 126; Lord, 150

Dalyngrigge, Sir Edward, 89

Dances, 31

Danes, 389

D’Angle, Sir Guiscard, 244

_Danse au Chapelet_, the, 311

_Danse au Virlet_, the, 311

Darby, Alderman, 325

Dartmouth, 186, 188, 266, 272

Daventry, the Abbay of, 96

Day of St. Bartholomew, 371

Day of St. Dunstan, 370

Day of the Invention of the Holy Cross, 370

Death Crier, the, 289

De Bohun, 30

Defoe, 223

De la Pole, Michael, 223

De la Pole, William, 118, 223, 224

De la Poles, the, 245

De Leyre, William, 45

Denmark, 206, 389; the King of, 69

_De Nugis Curialum_, 332

_Deposition of Richard the Second_, 89

Deptford, 124, 144, 190

Derby, Earl of, 261

Derkynge, Abraham de, 369, 370

Despencer, Sir Hugh le, 43, 49, 55, 358

De Veres, the Earls of Oxford, 245

Devonshire, Earl and Countess of, 379

Diceto, Ralph de, 332

“Disherisoned,” the, 33

Doctors’ Commons, 245

Doget, John, 368

Dogs, 164

Domesday Book, 242

_Domestic Manners_, 256, 258

_Domus Conversorum_, 23

_Domus Teutonicorum_, 180, 204

Donne, 222

Dorchester, 343; the Marquis of, 245

Dormer, Sir Michael, 224

Dorset, the Marquis of, 146, 148

Dover, 128, 186, 189, 244, 323, 357, 365; defeat of French fleet off, 20

Dovers, the Abbay of, 96

Dowgate, 176, 205, 235, 239, 390

Dowgate Dock, 286

Dowry, bequeathing, 273

Drapers’ Hall, 146

Drapiers of Ypres, the, 201

Dress, 324-325

Drewe, Barentyne, 93

Drinks—ale, cider, mead, perry, wines, 300

Dublin, 204

Dulcie, Sir Robert, 225

Ducket, Lawrence, the case of, 38

Duckett, 222

Dugdale, 304

Dunkirk, 268

Dunmowe, John de, 73

Duns Scotus, 332

Dunstable, 27, 96

Durham, 258, 332; the Bishop of, 122; the See of, 96

Durham House, 184

Durham, William de, 34

Dymmoke, Sir Thomas, 93, 123; Sir Phylyppe, 123

Eadmer, 331

Earthquakes, 343

Eastcheap, 174, 176, 177, 236, 274, 291, 294

Easter, the, 295, 308

“Easterlings,” 388

Eastfield, Sir William, 235

Echevins of Bruges, 268; of Dunkirk, 269

Edgware Road, 293

Edition, or the Continuator, of Stow, 219

Edmund, Sir (the King’s brother), 43

Edred’s Hythe, 181

Edward, 34

Edward I., and the Countess of Flanders, 35; coronation of, 36; and the City, 36; and Jews, 37, 43; and the City, 40; his Charter, 44; trial of Sir William Wallace, 45; death, 47; 228, 243, 298, 299, 323, 390

Edward II.—coronation, 48; and Piers Gaveston, 49; birth of a son, 49; and the City, 51-53; murder of, 57; 245, 252, 253, 262, 325, 361

Edward III.—his Charters, 58; and the City, 62, 67; and the Flemings, 63; and the French, 67; expulsion of lepers, 68; and the regulation of the crafts, 71; and the City, 72; and archery, 74; and the Good Parliament, 75; death, 77; 107, 209, 242, 252, 266, 275, 344, 361

Edward IV., 189; coronation, 139; marriage, 139; and Alderman Coke, 139; and the City, 141, 146; and the Bastard of Falconbridge, 144; and Jane Shore, 146; funeral of, 150; 189, 262, 271, 288, 325, 361

Edward the Confessor, 23, 242

Edward, Prince, 32

Edward of Windsor, 49, 55

Egbert, Archbishop of York, 331

Egremont, Lord, 259

Egrettes, 298

Eldedeaneslane, 55

Eleanor of Castile, 43

Eleanor of Provence, 24, 28, 31, 36, 391

Eleanor, Queen, 239, 323

Elizabeth, Edward IV.’s Queen, 139

Elizabeth Lucy, the Lady, 154

Elizabeth Moring, 274

Elizabeth, Queen, 45, 208, 294

Elizabeth of York, 271

Elms at Smithfield, the, 45

Elsing, Robert, 344

Elsinge, William, 97

Eltham, 323

Eltham, Sir John de, 56

Ely, 33

English, John, 267

_Epidemics of the Middle Ages_, 343

Erber, the, 245, 259

Erigena, 331

Eslingen, 345

Essex, 81, 94, 164, 297, 312; the Commons of, 129

Essex House, 184

Essexe, Agnes de, 366, 368

Este, Robert, 129

Estfield, 263

Estfried, Sir William, 97

Ethelred, 205

Ethelred II., 388; Earl of Mercia, 165

Euisham, the Abbay of, 96

Eustace of Boulogne, 278

Eustace, the Monk, 188

Evesham, 33

Evesham, Richard de, 73

Exchequer, the, 213

Execution of traitors, 17

Executions, 42, 45, 55, 82, 93, 94, 105-107, 117, 118, 120, 124, 130, 132, 136, 138, 140, 144, 215, 349

Exeter, 200; charter of, 264; the Duke of, 93, 128, 134, 259; the See of, 96

Eyminge, Stephen de, 368

Eyre, Sir Simon, 109

Fabyan, 38, 92, 96, 117, 120, 130, 144, 154, 276

Fairs of England, 168, 201, 203, 390

Falcon, the, 286

Falconbridge, Bastard of, 141, 266

Falconbridge or Falconberg, Lord, Earl of Kent, 141

Falkirk, 44, 46

Falstaff, Sir John, 291

Famine of 1314, 51

Fancherche, 366

Farringdon, Nicholas, 54

Farringdons, the, 224

Fastolf, Syr John, 134, 245

Fauntilome, John, 366

Favourites, troubles caused by, 49

Feasts and banquets, 297, 298

Fenchurch Street, 177, 245, 325

Fencing, schools of, closed, 41; schools for, 191

Fensbury Court, 165

Ferrers, George, 308; Higham, 263

Fielding, 222

Fires, 251; danger of, 341, 342; the Great, 119, 235, 237; indemnity in case of, 231; of London, 186, 347

Fish, 299, 302

Fishmongers’ Hall, 180, 259

Fish Street, 44

Fish Street Hill, 171, 245

FitzAlans, the Earls of Arundel, 244

FitzArnulfe, Constantine, 21, 22

FitzAylwin, Henry, 219

Fitz-Aylwin’s Assize, 251, 253

FitzOthon, Hugh, 34

FitzStephen, 126, 162, 197, 277, 307, 318

FitzThedmar, Arnold, 33, 42

FitzThomas, Sir John, 33, 358

FitzWalter, Robert, 17, 182, 240; the Barons, 245

Fitzwarrens of Devon and Somerset, the, 217

FitzWilliam, 224

Flagellants, 74, 345

Flanders, 35, 39, 201, 204, 206, 388, 394; the Countess of, 35

“Flats,” 251

Fleet, 239

Fleet Bridge, 51, 235

Fleet Street, 24, 88, 235, 335

Fleets, 61, 66, 69, 79, 189

Flegge, Henry de, 364

Flemings, the, 35, 63, 82, 209; the banishment of the, 4

Flesh-Shambles of St. Nicholas in Newgate, 167, 174, 177, 198, 251

Florence, 65, 201, 210, 244

Florentines, the, 215

Folk Mote, the, 4, 176, 280

Food—bread, 299; fish, 297; forks, 298; meat, 296, 297; of the middle classes, 297; of the people, 301; of the country people, 302; prices of, 303, 304; soup, 297; subtlety, the, 295, 296; sweets, 297; times of meals, 284; trencher, the, 299; vegetables, 298; wine, 296

Food and drink, 196, 197

Food-stuffs, 203

Fool or jester, the, 295

Foot-ball, 74

Foreigners, laws against, 40

Foreign trade, 188

Forests, Sussex, 267; the Justiciary of the, 320

Forsters and Fenwicks of Northumberland, the, 216

Fouks de Brent, 22

Founteyns, the Abbay of, 96

Fowey, 266

Foyster, a, 364

“Frame” houses, the, 176

France, 135, 204, 318, 388; the King of, 69; war with, 66

Francisco de Spinola of Genoa, 209

François de Borcelen, 116

Fraternities, Company of the Pui, 287

Frediswyde, the Abbay of, 96

Free Chamber of the King of England, 43

Free Trade, 71, 94

_French Chronicle_, the, 48, 49, 53, 55

French, the, 136; landing of, 272

Friars Minors, the, 197, 232

Friars Preachers, 55, 57

Friday Street, 172, 254

Fripperers, 192

Froissart, 284, 285

Fuatard, John, 364

Fuel, 193; charcoal and seacoal, 253

Furniture, and construction of a London citizen’s house, 247; list of household goods, 257; of a mediæval house, 255; tables, 294

Furnivall, 299, 376

Furnival’s Inn, 233

Furriers, 232

Fynesbury, the Mayor of, 56

Gairdner’s Introduction to the _Paston Letters_, 127 _note_

Galley Quay, 209

Galley Wharf, 239

Gamage, 222

Gambling, 318

Games and sports, “New Fair,” 292; list of, 307, 318

Garbodesham, Hachard de, 366-367

Garden, the Drapers’, 315

Gardens, 315

Garlande, John de, 258

Garlick Hithe, 238, 239

Garter, the Knight of the, 121

Gascoigne, 358

Gascony, 72, 299

Gates, Sir Geoffrey, 141

Gates— the City, 37, 41, 49, 93, 94, 101, 226, 230, 239; Aldgate, 162, 164; Aldersgate, 166; Bishopsgate, 37, 164; Cripplegate, 165; Ludgate, 168; Newgate, 164, 166

Gaunt, John of, 74, 75, 76, 244; attempt against life of, 77

Gaveston, Piers, 47, 48, 49, 298

Gaza, 300

Geffrey, 22

Genoa, 189, 208, 209, 244; Francisco of, 209

Geoffrey, 45

Geoffrey, Archbishop of York, 11

Geoffrey of Monmouth, 332

George I., 268

Gerard, John, 250

German Ocean, 388

Germany, 204, 388

Geruons, the Abbay of, 96

Gervase, 332; family of, 223; of Cornhill, 224

Gidea Hall, Essex, 139

“Gilbert,” 126

Gilbert à Becket, 277

Gilbert, Earl of Clare, 240

Gildhalla Teutonicorum, the, 205, 207

Ginges, Henry de, 366

Giovanni Villani, 214

Gisbourne, the Abbay of, 96

Gisois, John, 57

Glass, use of, for windows, 252

Glaziers, 252

Gloucester, Charter of, 264; the Duke of, 17, 88, 93, 111, 112, 128, 144, 155; Earl of, 122; and Hereford, Richard, Earl of, 30, 33, 48, 49; Mayor and Bailiffs of, 266

Godwin, Earl, 106

Goldsmiths, 38, 259

Goliardeys, the, 290

“Good Duke,” the, 119

Good Friday, 261

“Good Queen Anne,” 85

Gore, 222

Gough, Matthew, 181

Gould, Baring, Mr., 249

Gower, 280, 335

Government of the City, 264

Gracechurch Street, 190

Grafton, 142

Grapefige, Robert, 36

Graschirche, 197

Grasschurch Street, 177

Grass Street, 174, 235

Great Ilford in Essex, 68

Great St. Thomas Apostle, 239

Greece, 343

Green, Henry, 365

Greenstead, Chipping Ongar, 169

Green Ware, the, 128

Greenwich, 129, 308

Gregory, Mayor of London, 396

Gregory, William, 108, 112, 120, 123, 124, 130, 140

Greshams, the, 217, 218, 222, 238

Grey Friars, 97, 233, 263; postern,162

Grey, Sir John, 139

Grinfonneur, 318

Grocers, 259

Grocers’ Company,] 263

Grocers’ Hall, Poultry, 245

Groschirche Street, 118

Grose, 341

“Growth of English Industry,” the, 176, 185

Grubbe, Peter, 267

Grymsby, the Abbay of, 96

Guild of Allhallows, the, 289; the Merchant, 13; the Trade, 13; the Weavers, 13

Guildhall, the, 50, 55, 57, 61, 64, 65, 91, 97, 101, 105, 107, 117, 154, 184, 191, 120, 215, 245, 369, 390

Guildhalls, Bruges and Ghent, 201

Guilds, 9, 70, 80, 193; importance of, 53; licensing of, 4-5

Guns, earliest mention of, in England, 65

Gutheron’s Lane, 174

Gutter Lane, 238

Hacket, 222

Hackney, 69, 234, 235

Hadestock, William de, 364

Hakone, John de, 366

Hainault, 202

Hainaulters, the, 35

Hales, Brother Robert, 82

Hall of the Dominicans, the, 104

Hall, Edward, 308

Halliwell, 258, 281

Hamon Haweteyn, 370

Hampton, 222, 247

Hampton, William, 145

Hancrete, John le, 365

Hand Ball, 74

Hanington, William de, 247, 248

Hanse of Almaine, 390

Hanse, the, 189

Hanseatic League, the, 146, 205, 206, 208, 286

Hanseatic merchants, 265, 266; the hall of the, 180

Harbours, 181

Hardacnut, 242

Hardell, Edmund, 15

Hardels, the, 222

Hardy, 222

Hardyng, John, 109

Harfleur, 265

Harefoot, Harold, 242

Harrison, 223, 352

Harry of Monmouth, 107

Hart Street, 73

Hastings, 146

Hastings, John, Earl of Pembroke, 245, 350; Lord, 153, 154

Haunsard, William, 66, 67

Haverels, the, 222, 224

Haward, Lord, 151

Hawks’ bells, 364

Hayles, the Abbay of, 96

Heathcote, Alderman, 224

Heathfield, 132

Hecker, 343

Hekham, Matthew de, 369

Heiley, Thomas FitzTheobald de, 7

Hely, the See of, 96

Henry II.— accession, 3; and the heretics, 5; and the Citizens, 6; and the moneyers, 7; 275, 287, 307

Henry III.— accession, 20; comes of age, 22; taxation, 23; and the Jews, 26; and the Pope’s Nuncio, 27; unpopularity of, 31; and the City, 32; and the Civil War, 32; 36, 37, 213, 241, 252, 253, 262, 290, 350

Henry IV.— accession, 92; and the City, 94; and the Church, 99; and the heretics, 100; death, 101; 243, 322

Henry V.— coronation, 104; and the heretics, 104; his foreign policy, 107; and the City, 107, 108; death, 109; 243, 322, 323, 337, 350-351

Henry VI.— the Protectorate, 111; the Duchess of Gloucester, 117; coronation, 120-123; coronation in Paris, 124; Jack Cade’s Rebellion, 126-135; the Civil Wars, 135; defeat of, 139; restoration of, 141; death, 144; 208, 275, 276, 323, 325

Henry VII., 275, 276, 325

Henry VIII., 240, 242, 276, 308, 325

Henry of Huntingdon, 200, 332

Henry, Duke of Lancaster, 90

Henry of London Stone, 171, 222

Henry of Windsor, 111

Henry Tudor, 156

Herbs, use of, 339

Herdford, 96

Hereford, the Earl of, 30, 54, 320; the Bishop of, 173

Heresy, suppression of, 100, 120

Heretics, the, 5

Hermitages near Gates, 162

Herne, Alderman, 224

Hertfordshire, 94, 307

Hervey, Walter (bailiff), 34, 36

Hexham, 331

Hicks, Alderman Sir Baptist, 224

Higden, Ralph or Ranulf, 332

Highbury, 97, 263

Highgate, 69

High Sheriff of Kent, the, 130

Hilarius, 332

Hill, Alderman Sir Rowland, 224

Hilton, John de, 267

_Historical Account of London_, 18

_History of Westminster Palace_, Britton and Bayley’s, 305

Hofer, Andreas, 46

Holborn, 160, 167

Holcot, Robert, 332

Holinshed, 3, 7, 12, 15, 21, 28, 31, 42, 43, 49, 53, 68, 91, 104, 107, 351-352

Holles, Sir William, 224

Holloway, 69

Holy Land, the, 35

Holy Trinity Priory, 332

“Holyrood,” 310

Holywell Nunnery, the, 165

Honey Lane, 234, 238

Hood, Robin, 361

Horn, John, 35

Horne, Robert, 129, 130

Hornsey, 153

Hosier Lane, 174

Hospitals— Bridewell, 363; Bethlehem, 352; Christ’s, 363; Foundling, the, 234; St. Anthony’s, 192; St. Bartholomew’s, 97, 166, 363; St. John, 344; St. Katherine’s, 11; St. Thomas, 363; St. Thomas Acon, 97, 126

Houndsditch, 164

Houses, 184, 341, 342; of the retailer, 248; of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, 251

House of Converts, the, 23

_House of Fame_, 65

House of Lords, 124

House of St. Mary of Bethlehem, 165

House of the Sorores Minors, 162

Householders of London, 393

Howard, Lord, 150

Hugh de Hoddone, 366

Hugh le Bever, 257, 287

Hume, Master John, 117

Humphrey, Sir, 129

Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, 114, 115, 116, 118; and the City, 119, 327

Hungary, 345

Hunsdon House, 216

Huntingdons, the, 197, 245

Huntyngdon, 96

Hustings, the, 52, 264

Hymn of Praise to the Virgin, the sailor’s, 190

Hythe, the, 186, 357, 388

Icanhoe, 163

Iceland, 202

Iden, Alexander, 132

Immigration of foreigners, 31

India, 343

Innocent, 30

Inn of Chancery, the, 376

Inn of Serjeants, the, 335

Inns, 191, 299; Dolphin, 165; Horns Tavern, 242; Nuns, the, 163; Tabard, the, 297; Whyte Harts, the, 135. _See also_ Taverns

Inns of Court, 308, 335

Insurrections, 61, 77

Interdicts, the Six Years’, 15-16, 18, 25

Ireland, 202

Iron Gate Stairs, the, 178

Ironmongers’ Lane, 174, 238, 368

Irwin, Hugh, 225

Isabel, 50, 244; Queen, 55, 57; Princess, 90

Isabella, Queen, 62, 269

Iseldon or Isleden, 165, 167, 310

Isemongere Lane, 369

Isidore, 258

Isle, 129

Isle of Dogs, 186

Isle of Wight, 18, 188

Isle of Wycht, 358

Isleworth, 34

Islington, 364

Italian Companies, the, 44

Italian Quarter, the, 209, 343

Italians, 215

Iter, 53, 67

“Jack Straw,” 84

Jacobs, Joseph, 9

Jacqueline de Brabant, career of, 114, 116

James I., 294

“James’ Head,” 38

Jarrow, 331

Jerusalem, 354

Jewry, 239, 369

Jews, 23, 33, 38; banishment, 43; forbidden to practise usury, 37; hatred of, 10; in England, 9; massacre of the, 9; of Angevin England, 9; of Norwich, the, 26; wealth of, 26

Jocelin of Brakelonde, 332

Jocelyn, 222

Jocelyn, Ralph, 144, 146

John, King, 11, 13, 23, 28, 210; and the Sheriffs, 15; and the interdict, 16; and the Barons, 18; death, 18

John de Ypres, 77

John, Duke of Brabant, 115

John, Earl of Surrey, 243

John of France, King, 72

John of Gaunt, 90

John, second son of Charles VI. of France, 115

John of Northampton, 355; of Newport, 188

John of Salisbury, 332

Johnson, 223

Jolypas, Sir Henry, 250

Jourdain, Margaret, 350

Judges, 336

Jugglers, acrobats, dancers, 298

Jusserand, 362

Justices, 139

Karleton, William de, 233

Katherine, 263

Kemp, Cardinal, 133

Kendole, Richard de, 54

Kenilworth, 129

Kennels, 165

Kennington Lane, 242, 244; Park, 242; Road, 242

Kent, 81, 94, 127, 128, 129, 135, 142; Street, 68

Kilkenny, Ado de, 25

King, methods of repayment by the, 213

King’s Courts, 53

King’s House of Westminster, 322

King’s Houses, the, 240

King’s Justiciars, punishment of, 41

King’s Mews, the, 235

Kingsland, Lazar house at, 69

King’s Stairs, Westminster, 184

Kingston-on-Hull, 200

Kirby, John, 215

Knight, 120; Marshal, 352

Knightriders Street, 174, 177

Knights, livery and badge of, 260

Knightsbridge, 69, 229, 389

Knights Hospitallers, the, 336

Knights Templars, the, 336

“La Bogge,” “La Jonette,” “La Sainte Marie Cogne,” 66

Labour in Vain Hill, 171, 172

La Celle, 332

Lacir, Richard le, 371

Lacroix, 248

Lady Margaret, daughter of Edward III., 245

Lamb, 234, 235

Lambeth, 30, 31, 139; the Archbishop’s Palace at, 168

Lambeth Hill, 237, 239, 352

Lancaster, 48, 318; the Duke of, 75, 77, 80, 81; the Earl of, 54, 62, 325; Sir Thomas de, 56

Lancastrians, 136, 137, 138

Landlord and tenant, relation between, in City, 254

La Newe Were, 390

Lanfare, Henry de, 370

Lanfranc, 337

Langland, 231, 291, 293

Langley, 15

Langton, Walter, Bishop of Chester, 47

Large, Robert, 98

“La Sheelde,” 265

Latimer, 107

Latimer, Lord, 75

“Latin Christianity,” 85, 86

Latoun or latten, laton, 258

“Lawless Church,” the, 56

Lawsuit, Scrope _v._ Grosvenor, 172

Lawyers, Rules concerning, 396

Layamon, 332

Lay-stalls, 229

Lazar Houses, building of, 68

Leadenhall Street, 177

Leadenhall, the, 307, 118

Le Bever, 256

Lede Hall, the, 56

Leeds Castle, 354

Leg, John, 82

Legate, the, 25, 33

Legge, Thomas, 224

Leicester, 205; Earl of, 30, 127, 320

Leigh, Sir Thomas, 224

Lent, 302

Leofwin the Portreeve, 224

Leper Hospital, the, 20

Lepers, 191, 192, 336

Leprosy, 68

Lesnes, the Castle of, 117

Letters—_re_ apprentices, 266; demanding taxes, etc., 265; Patent, 268; _re_ Piracies, etc., 265; postage and carriage of, 288; recommendatory, 268

Levant, the, 189

Lewes, 32, 96

Leyceter, the Abbay of, 96

_Liber Albus_, the, 51, 58, 94, 97, 190, 194, 196, 199, 204, 231, 251, 291, 300

_Liber Custumarum_, 184, 237, 287, 381, 388, 392, 397

_Liber de Utensilibus_, 258

Libraries, 99, 327, 330; deposition and arrangement of, 329; dispersion of, 333; Grey Friars, 97; Guildhall, 97; St. Paul’s, 330

Lichfield, 357; the Dean of, 201

Liège, 204, 388

Lier, 388

_Life of Edward V._, More’s, 154

Limehouse, 141

Limoges, 394

Lincoln, Hugh de, 26; the Earl of, 48; the See of, 96

Lincoln, the defeat of, 20

Lions, Richard, 82

Lisbon, 286

Litchfield, William, 126

Literature and monasteries, 330-333

Literature of the people, 333

Little Cloisters, the, 103

Little College Street, 169

Little Edward, the, 189

Little Tower Hill, 161

Llewelyn, Prince of Wales, 37

Lo, Robert de le, 366

Lock, the, 68

Loftie, Mrs., 222

Loke, Alderman, 224

Lollardy, 84

Lollards, the, 84, 85, 86, 96, 100, 104, 105, 120

Lollesworth Field, 165

Lombards, the, 44, 136

Lombard Street, 174, 177, 239, 245

Lombardy, 214

_Londina Illustrata_, 234

London, 28, 31, 37, 43, 48, 55, 66, 114, 119, 137, 141, 209; Charter of, 264; a City of palaces, 244; condition of, under Edward II., 57; Fire of, 233; foreign element in, 209; bad government of, 73; language in, 280; libraries of, 327; “London Lickpenny” and literature, 330; martyrs, 105; occupation of, by Kentish men, 126; siege of, 142; Stone, 129; trade of, 259; wealth of, 263; weakness of, 31; women of, 116; Yorkists march upon, 136

London ale, 290

_London and the Kingdom_, 53, 79, 303

London, the Bishop of, 122, 244, 320; the See of, 96

London Bridge Street, 34

_London in the Time of the Stuarts_, 344, 236

_London in the Time of the Tudors_, 302, 316

London, Port of, 185; conduct of trade, 204; exports and imports, 200-201

Longbeard, William, 218

Longchamp, William, Bishop of Ely, 11, 25

Lords, the, 28

Lord High Chancellor, the, 107

Lord High Treasurer, the, 140

Lord Mayor, the, 36, 107, 140

Lord Treasurer, the, 40

Lords in Council, the, 117

Lorraine, 208

Lorrainers, 389

Lothbury, 174, 235, 369

Louis, 18, 20, 22

Louvain, 390

Lovelase, 135

Lovell’s Court, 245

Low Countries, the, 125, 217

Lucca, 210

Lucian, monk of Eberburgh, 331

Ludgate, 164, 167, 168, 237, 239, 240, 351, 360, 363

Ludgate Street, 345

Ludlow, 357

Lukesses, the, 215

Lundy, 188

Lydgate, 281, 335

Lynn, 188, 205, 267

Lynton, Cresse de, 369-370

Lynton, Isaac de, 369, 370

Lyons, Richard, 75

Magna Charta, 18, 19

Mainard, John, 308

Maintenance of boy and girl, 279

Maitland, 53, 58, 61, 75, 113, 141

Mallorie, Sir Peter, 45

Malmesbury, 96

Malpas, Philip, 98, 130

Manners and customs, 264

Manny, Sir Walter, 69, 344

Manor, Lord of the, 265

“Manor of the Rose,” the, 245

Marble Arch, the, 293

March, Earl of, 112

Marchal, John le, 55

Mare, Peter de la, 75

Margaret, 137

Margaret of Anjou, 125

Margaret, Queen, 322

Margaret, sister to Philip le Beau, King of France, 323

Margaret of Burgundy, 115

Margate, 189

Margery Jourdemayne, 117

Marish, Richard de, 15

Market Gardens, 162

Markets, 60, 191, 192, 302; Chepe, 173; evening, proclamation against, 73; Grass Cheap, 34; Leadenhall, 101, 109; Poultry Market, 174, 176, 177, 232, 235; Smithfield, 198; Stocks, the, 174, 235; West Chepe, 34; wholesale, 197; for wood, 193; Wool Church, 34

Mark Lane, 236

Marriage, 274

Marseilles, 343

Marshall of England, the, 380

Marshall, William, 55

Martin, 26, 27

Martyrs, London, 100, 120

Marylebone, 24, 233

Masada, the tragedy of, 345

Mascal, Leonard, 299

Masks, prohibition of, 228

Matilda, Queen, 60

Matthew of Westminster, 32, 46, 332

Mauritius, Bishop of London, 167, 241

Maximilian, 201

Mayence, 345

Mayn, John, 69

Mayor, the, 17, 24, 31-32, 34, 37, 39, 44, 45, 48, 49, 50, 51, 53, 61, 64, 69, 70, 71, 77, 79, 80, 85, 88, 89, 90, 92, 94, 105, 108, 109, 112, 113, 118, 123, 124, 136, 139, 140, 142, 143, 144, 153, 183, 195, 209, 215, 218, 219, 226, 229, 232, 233, 244, 252, 284, 303, 307, 308, 322, 323, 325; election of first, 11; election of, 23, 44; knighting the, 44; deposed, 33; recognised by King, 13

Mayor’s Court, Guildhall, the, 325

Maypoles, 310

Mazer, 258

Meaux, 350

Medical Schools—Monte Cassino, 336

Medicine—herbs as medicine, list of, 339; medicine and sugar, 337-340

Megusers, 232

_Memorials_, the, 237; Riley’s, 71, 81, 95, 105, 187, 230, 270, 364, 375, 376, 381, 394

_Memorials of London_, 49, 256

Mercer (the pirate), 79, 188, 266

Mercers, 136, 259, 263

“Merchant Adventurers,” 206, 208, 266; Incorporation of the, 189

Merchant Gild, the, 204

Merchants, 14, 19, 35, 39, 63, 80, 94, 130, 141, 186, 188, 189, 204, 214, 391; foreign, 42, 204, 208, 388; the Hanseatic, 37, 266, 388, 391; of Picardy, Normandy, 390; of Provence, 391; social position of English, 223

Merton, the Abbay of, 96

Merton Priory, 278

Merton, Walter de, 35, 36

Mewsgate, the, 38

Middlesex, 59, 60, 307; the Forest of, 312

Mile End, 81, 168

Mile End Road, 69, 130

Milk Street, 238, 245

Milman, 85, 86

Mincing Lane, 239

Minories, 239

Mints, 200

Miracle Plays, 316

Monastic Houses, architecture of, 246

_Monasticon_, Steven’s, 330

Money, value of, 303

Moneyers of London, the, 200

Monks, 330-332

Monks as physicians, 336

Monmouth, 45

Monstrelet, 102

Montague, 142

Montfort, Simon de, 30, 38

Moorfields, 161, 182, 307, 310

Moorgate, 168, 174, 239

Moor Lane, 230

More, John, 250

More, Ponce de, 365

More, Sir Thomas, 147, 149

Morgan, 43, 357

Morstede, Thomas, 337

Mortimer, 57, 58, 62, 126, 127, 133

Mortimer, Sir John, 112

Mortimer, Sir Roger, 56

Mosely, 222

Mountgodard Street, 300

Mowbray, Lord, 94

Mowricine, Anthony, 215

Moys, Richard, 366

Munceny, Arnulph de, 366, 367

Munceny, John de, 366

Munceny, Robert de, 366, 367

Music, 312

Musical instruments, 314

“Mylken Ken,” 364

Names, Christian and sur-, 372

Navy, the, 188

Neckham, Alexander, 258, 332

“Nef,” the, 187, 298

Neil, John, 126

Nelyngworth, the Abbay of, 96

Nesle, 389, 390

Netherlands, the, 189

Nevilles, the Earls of Abergavenny, 245

Newburgh, William, 332

Newcastle, 45, 200, 357

Newcastle-under-Lyme, 357

Newgate, 60, 70, 97, 120, 129, 177, 190, 197, 239, 351, 352, 359, 360, 363, 370

Newgate Market, 167

Newgate Street, 177, 232, 302

Newington, 244

New River Head, 234

New Temple, London, the, 211

Nevill, William, 141

Nicholas Cole Abbey, 354

Nicholas Crane, 274

Nichole, the Earle of, 43, 358

Niel, Sir John, 97

_Nine Worthies of London_, the, 218

Nobles, lavish expenditure of, 261, 262; wealth and state of, 259

No Man’s Land, 344

Noreys, Gervase de, 365

Norfolk, 188; the Countess of, 33; the Duke of, 123, 128; the Earl of, 30, 33

Norman, John, 322

Normandy, 204, 388, 391

Northampton, the Abbay of, 96

Northampton, John of, 74, 80, 274

Northfleet, 187

North Foreland, 185

North or Nores, Robert, 28

North Sea, the, 266

Northumberland, 45, 46; the Earls of, 93, 94, 245, 259

Norton, George, 18, 19

Norway, 206

Norwegians, 389

Norwich, 32, 201, 205; the See of, 96

Noteman, Hugh, 368

_Notes to Canterbury Tales_, 297, 338

_Notes to Chaucer and Piers Plowman_, 290

Notley, the Abbay of, 96

Nottingham, 43, 75, 88, 205

Occleve, 335

Odysham, 88

Officiel, Alice le, 366

Okynborne, the Abbay of, 96

Old Bailey, 239, 245

Oldcastle, Sir John, 86, 100, 104, 105, 106

_Old Country Life_, 249

Old Exchange, the, 174

Old Fish Street, 238

Old Jewry, 174

Oliver, Robert, 50

“Ordainers,” appointed by the Barons, 49

Ordeal by battle, 94; by water, 6

Ordericus Vitalis, 332

Ordinances, 390

Organs, 315

Orgar the Proud, 222, 224, 238

Oriole, 248

Orpiment, 258

Orwelle, 66

Osbern Huitdeniers, 278

Osborne, Sir Edward, 224

Osney, the Abbay of, 96

Our Lady of Muswell Hill, 165

Oxford, 279, 280, 357; Charter, 264; Earl of, 38; Mayor, 264; University, 327

Oxford Court, St. Swithin’s Lane, 245

Oxford Street, 293

Oynter, Michael, 6

Paddington, 38

Padington, John de, 55

Padua, 343

Page, Henry, 366

Pakington, Robert, 224

Palaces, 240-245— Baynard’s Castle, 17, 82, 138, 154, 155, 182, 238, 245, 259, 322, 364; Bishop’s Palace, 136, 141; Bridewell, 184; Durham House, 24; Kennington, 70, 77, 90, 242, 244; King’s House, Westminster, 240; called “the Mews,” 140; Savoy, 77; Tower of London, 240, _see also_ Tower; Westminster, 237

Pancras Lane, 238

Panimo Guilliemi, 209

Pannere, Wiliam le, 369

Panyer Alley, 120

Parchissor, the Abbay of, 96

Pardon Churchyard, 289, 344; chapel in the, 7

Paris, 124, 319, 350; Provost of, 357

Paris, Matthew, 26, 28, 210, 212, 241, 312, 319, 332

Parliaments, 28, 30, 32, 48, 57, 72, 91, 101, 116, 125, 141; expenses of London members of, 279; the Good, 70, 75; the Lambeth, 242; at St. Bride’s, Fleet Street, 15

“Parmentrye,” 394

Parminter, William, 126

Parson, Chicken, 354

Parys, Richard de, 366, 367

Pas de Brabant, the, 311

Paston Correspondence, the, 288

_Paston Letters_, the, 133, 318

Paston, Margery, 318

Paternoster Row, 167, 175, 238, 245

Pateshull, Peter, 86

Paul le Botiller, 257

Paul’s Churchyard, 175

Paul’s Cross, 36, 106, 116, 117, 147, 154, 175, 183, 239

Paul’s Wharf, 245

Pavage, 232

Payn, John, 133

Peach, John, 75

Pembroke, the Earl of, 48, 320

Penner, the, 286

Pentices, or pent-houses, 252

Pepin, King, 315

Percival, 222

Percy, Lord, 77, 245

Percy, Sir Robert, 242

Percye, Sir Henry, 379

Perot, 358

Perrers, Alice, 64, 75, 326

Persia, 343

Perth, 45

Pestilences, 101

Peter of Savoy, 391

Peterborough, 332

Peterbourth, Abbay of, 96

Petition of the London Lollards to Parliament, 86

Petyn, Michael, 352, 353

Phalaise, John de, 50

Philip le Taillour, 36

Philippa of Hainault, Lady, 62

Philippa, Queen, 64, 281

Philpot, Sir John, 79, 80, 84, 186, 188, 266, 380

Philpots, the, 217, 238, 245

Physician, the, 336-340

Picard, Henry, 69, 245

Picardy, 389, 391

Piers Plowman, 74, 84, 302

Pigs, rule about, 191, 192

Pigsties in streets, 226

Pilgrim, 354

Pilgrims and pilgrimages, 189

Pindar, Sir Paul, 237

Piracy, 189, 255

Pirates, 69, 97, 136, 187, 286

Piwilesdon, Thomas, 39

Plagues, list of the, 343

Plantagenet, John, Earl of Warren and Surrey, 243

Playhouse Yard, 239

Pleas of Land, 264

Pluries, 265

Plymouth, 266

Podelicote, 47

Poetry, 334

Poitiers, the battle of, 69, 74

Pole, William de la, 118, 224

Police, 68

_Political Poems and Songs, Ed. III.—Rich. III._, 145

Pollnitz, the Baron de, 223

Poll Tax, the, 23, 80

Pont de l’Arche, 245

Pontefract, murder of Richard at, 93

Ponyngs, 134, 135

Pool off Blackwall, 142

Pool of London, the, 178, 186, 187

Pope, the, 23, 26, 28, 37, 212, 213

Porchester, 187

Portsmouth, 188

Portsoken Ward, 238

Portugal, 201, 300

Potter’s Hythe, 181

Poulterers, 259

Poultry, the, 174, 176, 177, 235

Poulys, 125

Poupart, Charles, 318

Powis, Lord of, 106

Princess of Wales (Mother of Richard II.), 242

Prior’s Almshouse, Norton Folgate, 164

Prisons— Cripplegate, 33; Fleet, the, 167, 360; King’s Bench, 132, 140; Ludgate, 33, 149, 163, 168; Marshalsea, 132; Newgate, 33, 59, 215, 257, 263; Tun, the, 42

Processions and pageants, 24, 44, 70, 79, 108, 109, 124, 125, 139, 153, 244, 316; the Lord Mayor’s Show, 322; list of principal, 319

Proclamations, 361-362

Protectorate, the, 112

Provence, Earl of, Beringarius Reymond of Aragon, 329

Prussia, 201, 348

Publicans, the, 5

Pucylle, 124

Pudsey, Bishop, 11

Pulham, Richard de, 257

Punishments, 145, 288, 289, 349

Purveyor, the King’s, 14

Pykemyle, William, 354

Quays, the, 236; and wharfs, list of, 185; Galley, 209; Galley Wharf, 239

Queen Anne of Bohemia, death of, 89

Queenborough, 132

Queenhithe, 118, 176, 180, 181, 185, 190, 197, 226, 239

Queen Katherine, 109

Queen Street, 352

Quinborowe, 43

Radclive, John de, 268

Rainwell, Sir John, 263

“Rakers,” 231

Ratcliffe, 141

Ratcliffe Cross, 187

Ravens or Revans, the Abbay of, 96

Readers, the, 336

Reading, 205

Rebellions, 94, 104, 124, 141; Jack Cade’s, 126; of Lincolnshire, 140; Wat Tyler’s, 81, 242

Rechin de l’Aigle of Pevensey, 278

Recorder of the City, 51, 91, 139

Redman, Richard, 261

Redriff, 168

Refham, Richard de, 49

Reform, 76

Regulations for the Lorraine merchants, 388

Religious Houses, 161, 210; wealth of, 96, 97

Religious Orders— Augustines, 332; Benedictines, 332; Black Friars, 49, 54, 57, 145, 184, 238, 239, 240, 245; Bordeslu, the monks of, 327; Carmelites, 330; Carthusian Friars, 166; Cistercians, 332; Dominicans, 32, 160, 168, 169, 240, 327, 332; Flagellants, Brotherhood of the, 345, 346; Franciscans, 176, 327, 330; Friars Minors, the, 197, 232; Gilbertines, 332; Grey Friars, 332; Holy Ghost, 336; Johannists, the, 336; Knights Hospitallers, the, 166, 336; Knights Templars, the, 336; St. Anthony, the Brotherhood of, 336; St. Fabian and St. Sebastian, Brotherhood of, 166; St. Lazarus, Brethren of, 336; St. Mary, the Brotherhood of, 336; White Monks, the, 241

_Remembrancia_, 218

Rent, 305

_Report of the Royal Historical Commission, 9th_, 250

_Report of the Commission_, 237

Revers, Alice, 146; Earl, 145

_Rhamnus catharticus_, 339

Rheims, siege of, 42, 357, 394

Rich, Sir Richard, 224

Richard I., 34, 122, 241, 242, 390; coronation, 9; departure for Palestine, 11

Richard II., 104, 133, 243, 244, 262, 275, 299, 359, 361, 362; coronation, 79; charter, 80; and the Rebellion of Wat Tyler, 81; deposition of, 86; quarrel with the city, 88; marriage with Princess Isabel, 89; deposition, 91; murder of, 93

Richard Atte Gate, 274

“Richard of Maidstone,” 89

Richmond, the Earl of, 245

Ridings, 125, 322

Ridley, 107

Riley, 49, 232, 233, 247, 251, 256, 300

Riots, 34, 64, 66, 215, 244, 252

River, guarding the, 226

Rivers— Brent, the, 297; Fleet, the, 38, 73, 160, 162, 167, 168, 173, 184, 193, 233, 237, 240, 253, 360; Lea, the, 168, 297; Medway, 23; Moselle, the, 388; Ravensbourne, the, 297; Rhine, 200, 300; Tay, the, 44; Thames, 13, 23, 34, 43, 73, 142, 187, 191, 228, 233, 239, 240, 241, 297, 322, 350, 388; Tyburn, 24; Walbrook, 38, 73, 161, 182, 184, 230, 233, 234, 238; Wandle, the, 297

Rivers, Lord, 139, 140, 262

Robert de Brinkeleye, 278

Robert of Brunen, 332

Robertwolt, Adam, 188

Robin Hood, 308

Rochelle, 74, 208

Rochester, 96, 132, 224; the Bishop of, 121

Roesia, 277, 278

Roffe, Bishop, 135

Roger of Hoveden, 6, 332

Roger of Wendover, 332

Rokele, Robert de la, 366

Rokesley, Gregory de, 35, 39, 40, 240

_Romaunt of the Rose_, the, 363

Rome, 88, 204, 267, 268, 354

Romsey, 332

Rood Lane, 239

Room-lands, the, 176

“Roreres,” 49, 226

Rotherhithe, 190

Rouen, 11, 107, 182, 186, 265, 277, 388

Royal Exchange, 234

Royal Tables, 298

Russell, 124, 296

Rye, 188, 209

Rythis, Alderman, 224

Sailors, 141, 186

St. Albans, 105, 119, 137, 266, 320, 332

St. Alphege, 331

St. Augustine, Monastery of, 86

St. Bartholomew, 45; the cloth fair at, 201

Saint Bartholomew in Smithfield, Priory of, 29

St. Benit Finke, 215

St. Botolphs, 268; wharf, 198

St. Botolphs’ Town, 390

St. Brides, the house of, 241

St. Brigid, 365

St. Catherine’s, 141

St. Dionis, the Feast of, 55

St. Dunstan, 331

St. Edmundsbury, 118

St. Edward, 108, 121, 122

St. Erkenwald, 165

St. Evroult, Normandy, 332

St. Faith, the Feast of, 43

St. Giles, 350

St. Giles in the Fields, 20, 68

St. Giles’ Pool, 350

Saint Gregory, 51

St. Helens, 239; nunnery, 153

St. Iago de Compostella, 189

St. Ives, 390

St. James in the Fields, 68

St. James Garlick, 365

St. John’s Priory, Smithfield, 127

St. Katherine’s, 143

St. Katherine’s by the Tower, 240, 360

St. Lawrence Jewry, 370

St. Leonard Bow, the nunnery of, 280

Saint Luke, 55, 57

St. Magnus, 44

St. Margaret, Pattens Lane, 175

St. Marie Pellipers, 174

St. Martin, the feast of, 50

St. Martin’s le Grand, 60, 120, 174, 226, 228, 239, 361

St. Martin’s Sanctuary, dissolution of, 95

St. Mary Overies, 234

St. Mary Axe, 239, 245

St. Mary, 336

St. Mary Spital, 165

St. Matthew, 336

St. Michael, 55

St. Michael, the Feast of, 43

St. Michael’s, Cornhill, 118, 356

St. Nicholas Flesh Shambles, the Parish of, 167, 174, 177, 198, 251

St. Omer, 201

St. Oswyth’s Lane, 100

St. Paul’s Churchyard, 136, 233, 236, 277

St. Paul’s, the chapel house of, 11; the chapter house, 141. _See_ Churches

St. Peter, Abbey of, 184

St. Peter and Vincula, the Feast of, 211

St. Peter and St. Paul, Feast of, 40

St. Peter’s, 332

St. Peter’s Hill, 169

St. Thomas à Becket, 25, 277

St. Thomas-a-Waterings, 293; pool of, 350

St. Thomas de Lancastre, 57

St. Swithin, 352

St. Werburgh’s, 332

Salisbury, the Bishop of, 88, 126, 242; the Dean of, 201; the Duke of, 93; the Earl of, 86, 122, 136, 259; the Marquis of, 140

Sanctuary, 120, 136, 140; violation of, 155

Sandwich, 40, 42, 136, 144, 186, 188, 205, 209, 350

Sardinia, 343

Sautre, William, 100, 120

Savery de Maloleone, 188

Savoy, 184, 245

Saxon Chronicle, the, 331

Saye, Lord, 129, 130, 132

Scales, 131, 136, 326

Scarborough, 80, 188

Scavagers, the, 231, 253

Scholars, list of, 330

Schools, 97, 126

_Science and Literature of the Middle Ages_, 248

Scold’s Bridle, the, 356

Scone, the sacred stone of, 48

Scotland, 44, 202, 251, 358

Scotland, the King of, 69, 358

Scotus, John, 331

Scrop, Geoffrey le, 53

Scrope, Lord, 107

Seacoal Lane, 193, 253

Segrave, John, 45

Segrave, Stephen de, 57

Seldam, 64

Selds, the, 254

Seliot, Adam, 365

Serjeants, 336

Serle, Robert, 21

Serle, William, 94

Sevenoke, Sir William, 97, 99

Sevenokes, the, 129, 217, 263

Seville, 354

Seynt Augustyns, Abbay of, 96

Seynt, David of Salisbury, the See of, 96

Seynt Osiys, Abbay of, 96

Shakespeare, 129, 291

Sharpe, 49, 53, 79, 100, 124, 142, 146, 303

Sharpe, Jack, 124

Sharpe’s _London and the Kingdom_, 142, 152

Shaw, Dr., 153, 154

Shaw, John, 240

Sheriffs, 12, 14, 15, 18, 19, 22, 32, 34, 36, 39, 44, 45, 51, 53, 54, 59, 60, 61, 69, 70, 74, 85, 86, 88, 94, 101, 108, 118, 120, 124, 127, 128, 132, 136, 183, 205, 215, 218, 284, 307, 322, 325; election of, 4

Shipbuilding, 187, 189, 190

Shirborn, 96

Shooter’s Hill, 308

Shops, 250, 254, 394; mediæval appearance of, 248

Shore, Jane, 146, 147

Shoreditch, 69, 325

“Short English Chronicle,” 133

Shorter, Alderman, 225

Shrewsbury, 357

Shrowsbury, Abbay of, 96

Sicily, 213, 300, 343

Sidneys, Earls of Leicester, 245

Siege of Tournay, the, 67

Sienna, 210

Signs, tradesmen’s, 290, 291, 300

Silver Street, 238

Single Women’s Churchyard, the, 276

Sir Glutton, 291-293

Sir Simon, 82

Size Lane, 100, 238, 239

Skeat, Professor, 84, 162, 231, 258, 280, 281, 290, 297, 300, 338, 339

Slave Trade, the, 200

Slegge, 129

Sluys, the battle of, 66, 67, 201

Small Beam, the, 49

Smarts-key, 364

Smithfield, 34, 45, 64, 81, 82, 94, 99, 100, 161, 166, 167, 174, 175, 193, 229, 253, 302, 325, 326, 344, 350, 359

Smyth, John, 126

Snow Hill, 234

Society of Antiquaries, the, 146

Somerset, Duke of, 259; house, 184

Soper Lane, 174, 175, 352

Southampton, 107, 144, 188, 189, 205, 208, 215

Southfleet, 350

South Kensington Museum, the, 237

Southwark, 33, 61, 68, 69, 70, 81, 129, 134, 139, 141, 168, 191, 232, 234, 239, 251, 276, 293, 341, 360, 363

Southwell, Master Thomas, 117

Sovereignty of the sea, England’s claim to the, 189

Sowdan, Sir Percyval, 94

Spain, 201, 300

Spaldyng, the Abbay of, 96

Spaudefisshe, 67

“Spence,” a, 248

Spencer, Hugh, the Elder, 259, 262

Spenser or Despencer, a, 248

Spensers, the, 54, 55

Spiritual Courts, the, 104

Spital, the, 97

Sports and Pastimes— beating of the bounds, 309; cards, 316; dancing, 311; dice, 318; flower feasts, 310; hunting, 312; Lord of Misrule, the, 307, 308, 309; masques, mumming and frolics, 308, 309; May-Day, 309-310; music, 312-315; New Year’s gifts, 309; tournaments, 325; list of some famous, 326; wrestling match, 312

Springs, 234; Clerkenwell, Holy Well, Sadler’s Well, River of Wells, 233

Stafford, William, 129

Staffords, Earls of Buckingham, 245

Staines, the Warren of, 23

Stamford Hill, 389

Standard in Cheapside, 89, 175

Stanley, 183, 333

Stannowe, Robert de, 73

Stantone, Henry de, 59

Staple, the, 62, 63, 72, 75, 77, 201

Stapleton, Walter, Bishop of Exeter, 54, 55

“Stationers,” 287

Stationers’ Garden, the, 246

Statutes, 362; of Winchester, 361

Statute _De comburendis haereticis_, 99; _De Novâ Custumâ_, 392

Stebenhuthe, the Parish of, 82

Steelyard, the, 146, 185, 204, 206

Stephen, 4, 68, 242

Stephen, the Pope’s Nuncio, 23, 26

Stepney, 168

Stew Houses, 276

“Stews,” the, 209, 234

Stirling, 44

Stockes Market, the, 174

Stocks, 145

Stone Cross, the, 161

Stoke Newington, 69

Stokwell, William de, 233

Storms, 24, 51

Stow, 6, 23, 24, 29, 42, 45, 51, 64, 100, 101, 147, 148, 149, 205, 209, 214, 215, 219, 222, 240, 259, 261, 300, 307, 308, 309, 323, 346, 355, 364

Strand, 24, 168, 233, 238

Strange, Roger le, 37

Stratford, 197

Stratford-atte-Bow, 280

Stratford-le-Bow, 69, 389

Streets, 169, 226, 239; cleaning of, 226, 230; conditions of, 226; dangers in the, 232; lawlessness in the, 233; names of, 237, 381

Strutt, Joseph, 312 _note_

Strutt’s _Manners and Customs_, 260

Students, law, 335

Sturmyer, 189

Sturrie, Sir Richard, 75

“Stynkyng Lane,” 254

Sudbury, Archbishop, 84

Suffolk, 117, 297; the Duke of, 127, 128; the Earl of, 118, 223, 245

Suffolk Lane, 245

_Summary_, _Annals_, and _Chronicles_, Stow’s, 242

Surnames, 372, 398

Surrey, 94

Surrey, Duke of, 93

Sussex, 126, 135

Sutton, John, 131

Swan Stairs, the, 118

Sweden, 189

Swift, 223

Swift, Philip, 274

Swyneshede, 96

Synagogues, order for destruction of, 38

Tailors, the, 38

_Tale of Gamelyn_, Cook’s, 376

Tallage, 36, 37, 50, 79

Tallages, 51, 60

Tapestry, 271

Taunton, 96

Taunton, Abbot John de, 329

Taverns, 302, 314, 318; Boar’s Head, 291, 300; Bull, the, 300; Cardinal’s Hat, the, 300; Catfethele, the, 300; Dog, 300; Hugh atte Cocke, 300; John atte Belle, 300; Le Mone, 300; Le Sonner, 300; Lion atte Dore, 300; Pope’s Head, 300; Star, 300; Star on the Hoop, 300; Swan, the, 300; Swan on the Hoop, 300; Thomas atte Red Door, 300; Walter atte Gote, 300. _See also_ Inns

Taxation, 23, 303

Taxes, 229, 232, 265

Teazle Field, 165

Temple, the, 27

Temple Bar, 55, 164, 239

Temple Bridge, the, 230

Temple Stairs, the, 118

Tewkesbury, 96, 144

Thames Street, 143, 169, 171, 174, 177, 191, 207, 231, 234, 237, 294, 342, 389

Thanet, the Earl of, 245

Thanet, the Foreland of, 73

Theobald, 278

Theodric, 242

Thierceville, 277

Thieves Down, 350

Thomas Bikering, 95

Thomas of Ely, 332

“Thomas of Winchelsee,” the, 67

Thomas of Woodstock, 80

Thomas, son of Hugh Atte Bow, 278

Thomas Turberville, 33, 357

Thompson, Alderman, 224

Thorold Rogers, 202

Thorlestan, 362

Thorney Island, 167

_Three Fifteenth-Century Chronicles_, 133

Throgmorton Street, 245

Tiesle (Thiel), 389

Tilt Yard, Whitehall, 325; Westminster, 326

Titus Oates, 104

Todd, 258

Tolls, 94, 228

Tonge, William, 279

Tongs, 334

Tothill Fields, 21, 64, 67, 325, 360

Tottenham Court Road, 107

Toulouse, 288

“Tourhille,” 82

Tourney, the Abbay of, 96

Tournaments, 101; at Cheapside, 63

Tower, the, 11, 25, 31, 33, 39, 40, 42, 43, 45, 59, 65, 73, 81, 82, 90, 104, 109, 129, 131, 136, 139, 140, 141, 148, 153, 154, 178, 186, 198, 200, 209, 244, 246, 308, 326, 344, 358, 359, 360, 365, 370

Tower Hill, 120, 237

Tower, Lord Governor of the, 131

Tower of Montfichet, the, 240

Tower Royal, the, 242, 245

Tower, Serne’s, 242

Tower Street, 177, 308

Town Ditch, the, 17, 161

Town houses, 244, 245

Trade, 31, 136, 186; changes in the quarters of, 174; regulations of, 190, 196-199; subdivisions of, 194

Trades, the, 385

Trades, quarrelling between the, 61

Trading fleets, 208

Traventers, the, 199

Treachery, venal case of, 42

Treason, 140, 357; charges of, 118

Treasury, chests, 260; robbery of, 47

Treaty of Troyes, the, 109; of Northampton, 62; of Utrecht, 206

Tresilian, Sir Robert, 359

Tun, the, 355, 360

Turberville, Thomas, 33, 357

Turnham, Robert de, 15

Tuscany, 300

Tyburn, 93, 94, 97, 117, 118, 205, 215, 233, 235, 263, 293, 350, 359, 390

Tyburn of Kent, 293

Tyler, Wat, 276

Tyrwhitt, 280, 281

Ulvester, Earldom of, 358

Usurers, document issued against, 199

Usury, 9, 210

Vagrants, 73, 360

Vale of Gloucester, the, 299

Vanner, Henry, 279

Vawce, Serjeant, 308

Vegetables, 302

Venetians, 215

Venice, 201, 208, 244, 288, 354

Verona, 244

Veterbo, 316

Viciens, Wood of, 357

Viner, Sir Robert, 235

Vinetree, the, 174

Vintners, 259

Vintry, the, 204

_Vision of Piers Plowman_, the, 362

Vitaliani, 266

Wages, 71, 193, 305

Walbrook, 55, 174, 177, 239

Walcote, John, 323

Wales, 103, 357

Waleys, Henry, 35, 39, 44

Waleys, William de, 368

Walhouse, John de, 267

Walker, 138; Dr., 347

Wall, Alderman, 225

Wall, the London, 159; repairs to, 160, 168

Walls, 101, 159-168, 176

Wallace, 44, 45

Walle, William, 55

Wallingford, 88

Walsingham, Our Lady of, 267

Walsingham, Thomas of, 84, 104, 105, 214

Walter of Evesham, 332

Waltham, the Abbay of, 96

Walworth, 79, 82, 276

Walsall, 357

Walton-on-Thames, 357

Wantynch, John Brown of, 269

Wantynch, Peter Brown of, 269

Warbeck, Perkin, 355

Wardrobe, the Keeper of the, 213

Wards, comparative wealth of, 65; list of, 65; Broad Street, 369; Cornhill, 300; Farringdon, 89, 238, 365; Tower, 365; Vintry, 365

Ward Tax, the, 23

Ward, Thomas, “Trumpyngtone,” 95

Ward, William, 225

Ware, 197

Ware, Thomas de, 265

Warner, 222

Warren, 222, 224

Warrenne, Earl, 320

Wars of the Roses, 101, 137, 139

Warton, 280

Warwick, Duke of, 128; the Earl of, 43, 48, 121, 122, 136, 137, 140, 141, 142, 143, 247, 259, 358

Warwick House, 245; Lane, 245

Watling, 239

Watling Street, 167, 174, 177

Watlyng, John, 352

Wat Tyler, 81, 82, 126, 132, 133, 206, 285

_Wayfaring Life_, 362

Weald of Kent, the, 209

Weather, the, 23

Weavers, disfranchisement of, 14

Weavers’ Guild, the disfranchised, 13

Weirs, removal of, 12, 23

Wells, 188

Wells, Sir John, 97, 263, 325

Welsh, the, 358

Wendover, Roger of, 15, 16

Wengrave, John de, 57

Westminster, 20, 26, 30, 32, 33, 36, 44, 50, 64, 89, 91, 101, 103, 104, 108, 109, 116, 117, 118, 125, 129, 135, 136, 139, 150, 152, 156, 184, 215, 238, 239, 246, 258, 261, 275, 312, 320, 323, 326, 332, 359, 360, 380; abbot of, 121; prior of, 121; Great Hall, at, 43, 45, 355

Westminster, Roger de, 368

Westmoreland, the Earl of, 93, 245

Weston, Sir John de, 54

Whitechapel, 130, 239

White Friars, 50, 101

White, Sir John, 325

White Tower, the, 161, 232

Whitmore, 222

“Whittewellebeche,” 82

Whittington, Richard, 76, 84, 85, 97, 99, 101, 218, 222, 245, 250, 262, 303, 327, 330

Whittingtons of Somerset and Gloucester, 217

Whytsand, John de, 257

Wick, 120

Wilkinson, 234

Willesden, 165, 283

Willesden, Black Virgin of, 267

William of Cloudesley, 361

William, Count of Hainault, 115

William de Marish, 188

William of Malmesbury, 332

William le Polter, 36

William le Sauvage, 188

William the Conqueror, 113, 241

William the Norman, 165

William, Yeoman of the Crown, 69

Willis, John, 357

Wiltshire, 126

Winchelsea, 209, 261, 350, 376, 389, 390

Winchester, 321; Bishop of, 20, 57, 112, 131; Cardinal of, 122; Richard, Earl of, 30; Roger of, 14; See of, 96

Windmill, The, Haymarket, 235

Windsor, 31, 88, 89, 151, 299

Winton, Symon de, 368

Wireker, Nigel, 332

Witch of Eye, the, 117, 118

Woad Street, 193

Wolton, Nicholas, 107

Woodstock, Thomas of, 259

Wood Street, 176, 238

Woodville, Elizabeth, 154

Wool, export of, 35

Wool trade, the, 201

Woolwich, 117

Women, disorderly, 274-277; position of, in Mediæval London, 269

Worcester, 96, 205, 245, 331, 357

Worcester Lane, 245

“Work of Solomon,” 388

Worsethyr, the Byschoppe of, 122

Wotton, Mr., 364

Wright, 256, 258, 280, 281, 295

Wright, Thomas, 188

Wyche, 117

Wyclyf, 74, 77, 80, 84, 100, 244, 286, 345, 379

Wycombe, Lucy, 274

Wynchecombe, the Abbay of, 96

Wyndsor, 135

Wyredrawer, Walter, 266

Wyte, John le, 366

Wyting, Henry, 368

Yarmouth, 188

York, Archbishop of, 85, 86, 93, 94, 297

York, the Duke of, 88, 126, 128, 136, 154, 244, 259; the Dean of, 201; Duchess of, 154

York, 345

York House, 184

Yorkists, the, 136

“Young King,” the, 4

Ypres, William of, 4

Yreis, Ralph le, 368

Yvilane, the Manor of, 56

Zealand, 202

END OF VOL. I.

_Printed by_ R. & R. CLARK, LIMITED, _Edinburgh_.

End of Project Gutenberg's Mediaeval London, Volume 1 (of 2), by Walter Besant