Part 2

Bloody Foreland. An old woman comes out of the ditch to talk to me. . . . "It's a wild place, sir, God help us! none wilder. And myself, sir----sure I've nothing in the world but the bones of one cow!"

TWILIGHT AND SILENCE

Some places in Donegal seem to me to brood under a perpetual twilight and silence--Glen-Columcille, for instance, and the valley running into it. And mixed up with the twilight and silence is a profound melancholy that rises out of the landscape itself, or is read into it by the greyness of one's own experience. Those dark hills with the rack over them and the sun looking through on one little patch of tilled land, and the stone mearings about it, figure forth the sorrow that is the heritage of every Irishman; the darkness the sorrow, the sunshine the hope, iridescent and beautiful, but a thing of moments only and soon to fade away. I stand on the bridge here where the road forks, Slieve League to the left of me, a dim lowering bulk, and the road to Glen reaching away into the skyline beyond. The water of a hillstream murmurs continually at my feet. A duck splashes, and flaps dripping into the greyness overhead. Not a soul is in sight--only a blue feather of turf-smoke here and there to show that human hearts _do_ beat in this wilderness; that there are feet to follow the plough-tail and hands to tend the hearth. The sense of wonder over-masters me--the wonder that comes of silence and closeness to the elemental forces of nature. Then the mood changes, and I feel rising up in me the sorrow that is the dominating passion of my life. Do many people go mad here? I have heard tell that they do, and no wonder, for one would need to be a saint or a philosopher to resist the awful austerity of the place.

THE POOR HERD

There is a poor herd at Maghery--a half-witted character--who lives all his days in the open, with nothing between him and the sky. He was herding his cows one evening in a quiet place by the caves when I happened on him. "What time o' day is it?" says he. "Just gone four," says I, looking at my watch. "What time is that?" says he, in a dull sort of way. "Is it near dark?"

A MOUNTAIN TRAMP

Bearing south by the Owenwee river from Maghery, we strike up through Maum gorge. Outside Maghery we come on two men--one of them a thin, wizened old fellow with no teeth; the other a youngish man, very raggedly dressed, with dark hair and features like an Italian. The old man tells us in Irish (which we don't follow very clearly) to keep up by the river-bed, and we can't possibly lose our direction. A quarter of a mile further on we meet another man. He bids us the time of day in passably good English. I answer in Irish, telling him that we are on the road for Glen-Columcille, and asking him the easiest way over the hills. He repeats what the old man told us, viz., to keep to the river-bottom, and to cut up then by the fall at the head of Maum to Laguna, a cluster of poor houses in the mountain under Crockuna. "When you get there," he says, "you cannot lose your road." He comes a bit of the way with us, and then we leave him at a point where the track ends in the heather, and where a squad of navvies is engaged laying down a foundation of brushwood and stones to carry it further into the hills. It gives us a shock, in a way, to come on this squad of wild-looking men in so lonely and desolate a place.

We are now well into the gorge, and a wild place it is! Half-way up we come on a house--if one could call it such--with a reek of blue smoke threading out of a hole in the thatch. No other sign of life is visible. The walls of the gorge close in darkly on every side except the north. On that side is the sea, white on Maghery strand, and stretching away, a dull copper-green colour, into the sailless horizon beyond. Hearing the voices, a young man comes out from between two boulders serving as a sort of gateway to the house. His face is tanned with sun and exposure, and he is in his bare feet. We greet him in Irish and he answers--a little surprised, no doubt, at hearing the language from strangers. Then another man comes forward--a brother, if his looks don't belie him. He is in his bare feet also, and hatless, with a great glibbe of black hair falling over his eyes. "You have the Irish?" he says. "It's newance to hear it from townsfolk." We talk for a while, enquiring further as to our direction over the hill, and then we push on. Near the head of the gorge we sit down to have a rest, sitting on a rock over the stream, and bathing our hands and faces in the brown, flooded water. All the rivers of Donegal are brownish in colour, and the Owenwee (_recte Abhainnbhuidhe_, "yellow river") is no exception. The water stains everything it touches, and I have no doubt but that the dark colour of the people's skin is due, partly, to their washing themselves in it. Coming through one's boots, even, it will stain the soles of the feet.

We resume our journey, and after some rough and steep climbing reach the plateau head. Loch Nalughraman, a deep pool of mountain water, lies to the east of us, shimmering in the grey morning light. All around is bogland, of a dull red colour, and soaking with rain. We make through this, jumping from tuft to tuft, and from hummock to hummock, as best we can, going over the shoe-mouth occasionally in slush. In an hour or so we come on a bridle-path of white limestones, set on their flat in the spongy turf. We follow this for a while, and in time reach the poor village of Laguna. Entering into one of the houses I greet the bean-a'-tighe in Irish. She rises quickly from her seat by the hearth where she has been spinning--a crowd of very young children clinging to her skirts. She is a dark woman, with mellow breasts, and fine eyes and teeth. She is barefooted, as usual, and wears the coloured head-dress of her kind, curtseying to me modestly as I approach. She answers me in Irish--the only language she knows--and bids me come in. "_Beir isteach_," she says. A young man of five-and-twenty or thereabouts is weaving in the room beyond. (I recognised the heavy click-clack, click-clack, click-clack of the loom as I entered.) Hearing my enquiry he rises up from his seat, drops his setting-stick, and offers to guide us as far as the southern edge of the hill. "You will see the Glen road below you," he says, coming out in his bare feet into the open, and speaking volubly, like one used to good speech. "Look at it beyond," he says, "winding from the Carrick side. Keep south, and you will strike it after two miles of a descent." The woman brings a bowl of goat's milk to my sister. She drinks it readily, for she is thirsty after her climb. Then, thanking the poor people for their hospitality, we say, "_Slán agaibh_," and press forward on our journey to Glen-Columcille.

We reach the high-road in about half-an-hour, near a school-house, shining white in the sun, and busy with the hum of children singing over their lessons. Things look more familiar now. We pass many houses, with fleeces of dyed wool--green and blue and madder--drying on bushes outside the doors, and men busy stacking turf and thatching. Here and there on the road flocks of geese lie sunning themselves, head-under-wing. As we draw near they get up and face us with protruding necks, hissing viciously. Dogs bark at us occasionally, but not often. (I had heard ill accounts of the Donegal dogs from travellers, but on the whole, my experience of them has not been quite so bad as I had been led to expect.) Slieve League rises on our left, a dark, shadowy bulk of mountain, shutting off the view to the south. All around is moorland, with a stream in spate foaming through a depression in it, and little patches of tilled land here and there, and the inevitable brown-thatched cabin and the peat-reek over it. After some miles' travelling we come on a little folk-shop by the road--a shop where one might buy anything from a clay-pipe or a lemon to Napoleon's Book of Fate. The window looks tempting, so we go in. The shopkeeper is a quiet-mannered little man, not very old, I would think, but with greyish hair, and eyes that look as if they were bound round with red tape--burnt out of his head with snuff and peat-smoke. We ask him has he any buttermilk to sell. He hasn't any, unfortunately--he is just run out of it--so we content ourselves with Derry biscuits, made up in penny cartons, and half a dozen hen-eggs to suck on the way. Some people may shiver at the idea of it, but raw eggs are as sustaining a thing as one could take on a journey! We pay our score, and get under way again. At a bridge where the road forks we sit down and eat our simple repast. A bridge has always a peculiar fascination for me--especially in an open country like this where one's horizon is not limited by trees and hedges--and I could spend hours dawdling over it, watching the play of sun and shadow on the water as it foams away under the arches. Here there is a delightful sense of space and quietness. The heather-ale is in our hearts, the water sings and the wind blows, and one ceases to trouble about time and the multitude of petty vexations that worry the townsman out of happiness. Did I say one ceases to trouble about time? Even here it comes, starting one like a guilty thing. We reach Meenacross Post-office at four-thirty, and an hour later see the Atlantic tumbling through rain on the age-worn strand of Glen-Columcille.

THE FESTIVAL OF DEATH

I met an old man on the road, and his face as yellow as dyer's rocket. "Walk easy past that little house beyond," says he in a whisper, turning round and pointing with his staff into the valley. "There's a young girl in it, and she celebrating the festival of death."

IN GLEN-COLUMCILLE

Through blown rain and darkness I see the Atlantic tumble in white, ghost-like masses on the strand. Beevna is a shadow, the crosses shadows. Only one friendly light burns in the valley. The patter of rain and the dull boom of the surf ring ceaselessly in my ears. The hills brood: my thoughts brood with them. I stare into the sunset--a far-drawn, scarlet trail--with mute, wondering eyes. Remoteness grips me, and is become a reality in this ultimate mearing of a grey, ultimate land.

THE BRINK OF WATER

I have often heard it said that what passes for folk-lore is in reality book-lore, or what began as book-lore got into the oral tradition and handed down through the generations by word of mouth. A young Ardara man, a poet and dreamer in his way, told me that poetry most frequently came to him when he was near water; wandering, say, by the edge of Lochros, or looking down from Bracky Bridge at the stream as it forced its way through impeding boulders to the sea. I asked him had he ever read "The Colloquy of the Two Sages(1)"? He said that he had not. I told him that in that MS. occurred the passage: _ar bá baile fallsigthe éicsi dogrés lasna filedu for brú uisci_, _i.e._, "for the poets thought that the place where poetry was revealed always was upon the brink of water." Nettled somewhat, he confessed that he got the idea from his father, a _seanchaidhe_, since dead, who knew something of Irish MSS., and who perhaps had read the "Colloquy," or at all events, had heard of it. But apart from the fact of the thing having been given him by his father, he felt that it was true in his own experience--that poetry always came to him more readily when he was near water.

(1) Book of Leinster.

A DARK MORNING

A dark, wet morning, with the mist driving in swaths over the hills. I met an old man on the road. "There's somebody a-hanging this morning," says he. "It's fearful dark!"

THE SWALLOW-MARK

There is a lot of the wanderer in me, and no wonder, I suppose; for I have the swallow-mark--a wise man once showed it to me on my hand--and that means that I must always be going journeys, whether in the flesh or in the spirit, or both. "The swallow-mark is on you," says he. "You will go wandering with the airs of the world. You will cheat the Adversary himself, even that he drops his corroding-drop on you!" And as I am a wanderer, so the heart in me opens to its kind. I love a brown face, a clear eye, and an honest walk more than anything; if in a man, good; if in a woman, better. And why people look for the cover of a roof, and the sun shining, I never can make out. Sunshine and the open, the wind blowing, travelling betimes and resting betimes, with my back to the field and my knees to the sky, a copy of Raftery or Borrow in my pocket to dip into when the mood is on me--and I am supremely happy!

WOMEN BEETLING CLOTHES

I see three women by a river: they are so close to me that I can hear them talking and laughing. One of them is an oldish creature, the other two are young and dark. They are on their knees on the bank, beetling clothes. One of them gets up--a fine, white-skinned girl--and tucking her petticoats about her thighs, goes into the stream and swishes the clothes several times to and fro in the brown-clear water. Then she throws them out to her companions on the bank, and the beetling process is repeated--each garment being laid on a flat stone and pounded vigorously until clean. The women do not see me (I am standing on a bridge, with a rowan-bush partly between them and me), so I can watch them to my heart's content.

THE SEA

The sea is one of those things you cannot argue with. You must accept it on its own terms, or leave it alone. And I like a man to be that way: calm at times, rough at times, kind at times, treacherous at times, but at heart unchanging: _not to be argued with, but accepted_. Is not the comparison apter than one thinks? Is not a man and his passions as divine and turbulent as anything under the sun?

A BALLAD-SINGER

A ballad-singer has come into Ardara. It is late afternoon. He stands in the middle of the Diamond--a sunburnt, dusty figure, a typical Ishmael and stroller of the roads. The women have come to their doors to hear him, and a benchful of police, for lack of something better to do, are laughing at him from the barrack front. The ballad he is singing is about Bonaparte and the Poor Old Woman. Then he changes his tune to "The Spanish Lady"--a Dublin street-song:

As I walked down thro' Dublin city At the hour of twelve in the night, Who should I spy but a Spanish lady, Washing her feet by candlelight.

First she washed them, and then she dried them Over a fire of amber coal: Never in all my life did I see A maid so neat about the sole!

Finally he gives "I'm a Good Old Rebel," a ballad of the type that became so popular in the Southern States of America after the Civil war:

I'm a good old rebel--that's what I am, And for this fair land of freedom I don't care a damn; I'm glad I fought agin it, I only wish we'd won, And I don't want no one-horse pardon for anything I done.

I followed old Marse Robert for four years nigh about, Got wounded in three places and starved at Point Look-Out: I cotched the rheumatism a-campin' in the snow, But I killed a chance of Yankees, and I'd like to kill some moe.

Two hundred thousand Yankees is stiff in Southern dust, We got two hundred thousand before they conquered us: They died of Southern fever and Southern steel and shot-- I wish it was two millions instead of what we got!

And now the war is over and I can't fight them any more, But I ain't a-goin' to love them--that's sartin shor'; And I don't want no one-horse pardon for what I was and am, And I won't be reconstructed, and I don't care a damn!

He howls out the verses in disjointed, unmusical bursts. He acts with head and arms, and at places where he is worked up to a particular frenzy he takes a run and gives a buck-jump in the air, blissfully unconscious, I suppose, that he is imitating the manner in which the _ballistea_, or ancient dancing-songs, were sung by the Romans. At the end of each verse he breaks into a curious chanted refrain like: "Yum tilly-yum-yum-yum-yum-yum"--and then there are more sidlings and buck-jumps. Some of the women throw him money, which he acknowledges by lifting his hat grandiosely. Others of them pass remarks, quite the reverse of complimentary, about his voice and ragged appearance. "Isn't it terrible he is!" says one woman. "Look at him with the seat out of his trousers, and he lepping like a good one. I could choke him, I could!" Another woman comes out of a shop with a crying child in her arms, and shouts at him: "Will you go away, then? You're wakening the childer." "Well, ma'am," says he, stopping in the middle of a verse, "you may thank the Lord for His mercy that you have childer to waken!" The ducks quack, the dogs howl, the poor ballad-singer roars louder than ever. I listen for a while, amused and interested. Then I get tired of it, and pass on towards Bracky Bridge.

SUNLIGHT

Unless you have seen the sun you cannot know anything. Sunlight is better than wisdom, and the red of the fairy-thimble more than painted fans.

TURF-CUTTING

In the Lochros district, when the weather begins to take up, about the middle of May, the farmers repair to the moss on the north side of the Point, and start cutting the banks. The turf is then footed (sometimes by girls) along the causeway ditches, and when properly seasoned--say about the middle of July--is piled in stacks on high ground convenient to the moss, and covered on top with a lot of old mouldering "winter-stales," to keep the rain off it. "Winter-stales" are sods that have been left over from the previous season's cutting--the wet setting in and leaving the bog-roads in such a state that no slipe or wheeled car could get into them. Of course, most of the carrying in Donegal is done by creel or ass-cart; but in the Lochros district turf is scarce, and the farmers on the Point are obliged to keep horses to draw the turf in from the moss on the north side of the Owenea river, some miles off, and over roads that are none too good for wheeled traffic. In some cases I have noticed the "winter-stales" built up in little beehive-shaped heaps on dry ground, to be carted or creeled away as soon as the weather begins to mend. But it is only the more provident farmers who do this.

HIS OLD MOTHER

"My old mother's ailing this twelvemonth back," said a man to me to-day. "I'm afeard she'll go wi' the leaves."

A DAY OF WIND AND LIGHT, BLOWN RAIN

A day of wind and light, blown rain, with the sun shining through it in spells. Aighe river below me, brown and clear, foaming through mossed stones to the sea. Trout rising from it now and again to the gnats that skim its surface. Glengesh mountain in the middle distance--a black, splendid bulk--dropping to the Nick of the Bealach on the left. Meadows in foreground bright with marigolds, with here and there by the mearings tufts of king-fern, wild iris and fairy-thimble.

LYING AND WALKING

To lie on one's loin in the sun is all very well, but walking is better. It is over the hill the wonders are.

GLEN-COLUMCILLE TO CARRICK

Saturday. It is about half-past seven o'clock in the evening. The rain, which kept at it pitilessly all the afternoon, has cleared off, and we have left the little whitewashed inn at Glen-Columcille refreshed, and in high fettle, for the further six miles that has to be done before we reach Carrick, where we mean to spend the night. We had arrived at Glen two hours before in a weary enough condition physically after our tramp over the hills from Ardara, and we had almost resolved on the advice of the hostess of the inn--a slow, deliberate, slatternly sort of woman--to put up with her for the night; but it is wonderful what a rest and a meal and, incidentally, a slatternly hostess does, and so we finally decided to go on to Carrick. We follow the road up by the telegraph posts, and after a stiffish climb of half a mile or more, reach the plateau head. We are now about five hundred feet over sea level. Turning round to have a last look at the place, we see the chapel--a plain white cruciform building, with a queer detached belfry--the little grey, straggling village street (some of the houses with slate roofs, some with thatch), the crosses standing up like gallan-stones on every side of it, the deep valley-bottom green as an emerald, Ballard mountain silhouetted against the sunset, and the vast Atlantic tumbling through mist on the yellow strand beyond. The air smells deliciously of peat. In Donegal one notices the smell of peat everywhere; in fact, if I were asked to give an impression of the county in half a dozen words I should say: "Black hills, brown rivers, and peat." The road is fairly level now, and we continue our course in a south-easterly direction. A wild waste of moorland stretches on every side of us, brightened here and there by little freshwater lakes, out of which we see the trout jumping in hundreds--Loch Unshagh, Loch Unna, Loch Divna, and another quite near the road, where we got, at the expense of wet feet and knees, some lovely specimens of the _lilium aureum_, or golden lily, which grows, I think, on every little shallow and flat and bywater in South Donegal. After an hour of pleasant walking the road begins to drop and the rain to fall again. Slieve League is on our right, but we can only see the lower slopes of it, for the cairn is completely covered with driving mist. The wind has risen, and the rain beats coolingly on our cheeks, and exasperatingly, at times, down our necks. We pass a shepherd on the road making for Malin Mór, a shawled figure with a lantern, and several groups of boys and asses with creels bringing turf into the stackers; and farther on a side-car zig-zagging up hill on its way to the Glen. There are two occupants, a priest--presumably the curate of Glen parish going over for Sunday's Mass--and the driver. It is quite dark now, and the rain increases in intensity. Tramping in a mountainy country is a delightful sport--none better! But it is on such a night and at the end of such a journey as this that one begins to see that it has a bad as well as a good side to it. The rain is coming down in sheets, our clothes are soaked through, the darkness is intense, the roads are shockingly muddy, we are tired out walking, and still we have another stiff mile to go before we see the friendly lights of the inn at Carrick. Two of us--R. M. and myself--stop at a bridge to have a look at the ordnance sheet which has stood us in such good stead all through our journey. Torrential rain beating on a map--even a "cloth-mounted, water-proofed" one like ours--doesn't improve it; but we have qualms about our direction. We think we should have arrived at Carrick ere this, and we just want to make sure that our direction is right, and that we haven't taken a wrong turning in the darkness. After some trouble we manage to get a match lighted. The first misfires on the damp emery, the second blows out, the third is swallowed up in rain pouring like a spout through the branches overhead, the fourth . . . . "Carrick! Carrick! Carrick!" The frenzied cries of the advance guard tell us that the town is in view. We put up our map resignedly, shaking great blabs of water out of it, and push ahead. In five minutes we have passed the chapel, with its square tower looming up darkly in the fog, and in another two we are safe in the inn parlour, enjoying a supper of hot coffee, muffins, and poached eggs.

ORA ET LABORA

Noon of a summer's day. I see a man in the fields--a wild, solitary figure--the only living thing in sight for miles. He is thinning turnips. Slowly a bell rings out from the chapel on the hill beyond. It is the Angelus. The man stands up, takes off his hat and bows his head in the ancient prayer of his faith. . . . The bell ceases tolling, and he bends to labour again.