volume iv, p. 325, note 209.

[272] The first two lists mentioned by Mallery are: that of William Dunbar, American Philosophical Society, _Transactions_, vi; and the one, probably by T. Say, in James's _Long's Expedition_, in our volume xvii, pp. 289-308.--ED.

[273] Mallery (G. S. 11) says that from the time and attention which Maximilian gave to the Mandans and Hidatsa, it may be safe to conclude that all these signs were actually obtained from them.--ED.

II. ON THE ORIGIN OF THE OTOS, JOWAYS, AND MISSOURIS: A TRADITION COMMUNICATED BY AN OLD CHIEF TO MAJOR BEAN, THE INDIAN AGENT

Some time in the year (it was before the arrival of the Whites in America) a large band of Indians, who call themselves Fish-eaters (_Hoton-ga_), who inhabit the lakes, being discontented, concluded that they would migrate to the southwest in pursuit of the buffalo, and accordingly did so. At Lake Puant they divided, and that part which remained, still continued their original name in Indian, but from some cause or other the Whites called them Winnebagos. The rest, more enterprising, still continued on the journey, until they reached the Mississippi and the mouth of the Joway River, where they encamped on the sand-beach and again divided, one band concluding not to go farther, and those who still wished to go on called this band, which still remained encamped on the sand-beach, Pa-ho-dje, or Dust-noses; but the Whites, who first discovered them on the Joway River, called them Joways (_Ayowäs_). The rest of them continued on their direction, and struck the Missouri at the mouth of the Grand River. Having only two principal chiefs left, they here gave themselves the name of Neu-ta-che, which means "those that arrive at the mouth," but were called by the Whites the Missouris. One of their chiefs had an only son, the other chief had a beautiful daughter, and, having both a gentle blood, thought no harm to absent themselves for a night or two together, which raised the anger of the unfortunate girl's father to such a pitch, that he marshalled his band and prepared for battle. They however settled it so far as not to come to blows, but the father of the unfortunate son separated from the others, and continued still farther up the Missouri, whereupon they called themselves Wagh-toch-tat-ta, and by what means I know not they have got the name Otos. The Fish-eaters, or the Winnebagos as we call them, still continued east of the Mississippi in the State of Illinois. The Joways, having ceded to the United States all their title to the lands they first settled, have moved West of the State of Missouri, between the waters of the Missouri and the Little Platte. The Missouris, having been unfortunate at war with the Osages, here again separated, and a part of them live now with the Joways, and a part with the Otos. The Otos continued still up the Missouri until they arrived at the Big Platte, which empties into the Missouri, when they crossed and lived some time a little above its mouth, but of late years have resided about 80 miles (by water) from the Missouri, on the Platte River.

III. SALE OF LAND BY THE INDIANS--EXTRACT FROM THE PUBLISHED CONTRACT

This Document is headed--Andrew Jackson, President of the United States of America, to all and singular to whom these presents shall come, greeting; &c. &c. Then come thirteen articles, of which the following is the preamble:

Articles of a treaty made and concluded by William Clarke, Superintendent of Indian Affaires, and Willoughby Morgan, Colonel of the United States 1st Regt. Infantry, commissioners on behalf of the United States, on the one part; and the undersigned deputations of the confederated tribes of the Sacs and Foxes; the Medawah-Kanton, Wahpacoota, Wahpeton, and Sissetong bands or tribes of Sioux; the Omahas, Joways, Otos, and Missouris, on the other part.

The said tribes being anxious to remove all causes which may hereafter create any unfriendly feeling between them, and being also anxious to provide other sources for supplying their wants besides those of hunting, which they are sensible must soon entirely fail them, agree with the United States on the following articles:

Article I. The said tribes cede and relinquish to the United States for ever all their right and title to the lands lying within the following boundaries, to wit: Beginning at the upper fork of the Demoine River, and passing the sources of the Little Sioux and Floyd's Rivers, to the fork of the first creek which falls into the Big Sioux, or Calumet, on the east side; thence down said creek, and Calumet River, to the Missouri River: thence down said Missouri River to the Missouri State line above the Kansas; thence along said line to the northwest corner of the said state; thence to the highlands between the water falling into the Missouri and Desmoines, passing to said highlands along the dividing ridge between the forks of the Grand River; thence along said highlands or ridge separating the waters of the Missouri from those of the Desmoines, to a point opposite the source of Boyer River, and thence in a direct line to the upper fork of the Desmoines, the place of beginning. But it is understood that the lands ceded and relinquished by this treaty are to be resigned and allotted under the direction of the President of the United States to the tribes now living thereon, or to such other tribes as the President may locate thereon for hunting, and other purposes, &c. &c.

The other Articles follow. Here are the names of some of the Indian chiefs who signed the contract:--

SACS

_Mash-que-tai-paw_ (Red-head). _Sheco-Caiawko_ (Tortoise-shell). _Kee-o-cuck_ (The Vigilant Fox). _Pai-o-tahit_ (Heartless). _Os-hays-Kee_ (Ridge). _She-she-quaninee_ (The Little Gourd), &c.

FOXES

_Wapataw_ (The Prince). _Taweemin_ (Gooseberry). _Pasha-sakay_. _Keewausettee_ (Who climbs everywhere). _Appenioce_ (The Great Child). _Kaw-kaw-kee_ (The Crow), &c.

SIOUX

_Wabishaw_ (The Red Leaf). _Tchataqua mani_ (The Little Crow). _Waumunde-tunkar_ (The Great Calumet Eagle). _Taco-coqui-pishnee_ (Dauntless). _Wah-coo-ta_ (The Bowman).

OMAHAS

_Opan-tanga_ (The Great Elk). _Chonques-kaw_ (The White Horse). _Tessan_ (The White Crow).

JOWAYS

_Wassan-nie_ (The Medicine Club). _Mauhooskan_ (The White Cloud). _Tah-roh-ha_ (Many Stags).

OTOS

_I-atan or Shaumanie-lassan_ (Prairie-Wolf). _Mehah-hun-jee_ (Second Daughter). _Kansaw-tanga_ (The Great Kansa), &c.

IV. TREATY OF TRADE AND PEACE BETWEEN THE AMERICAN FUR COMPANY AND THE BLACKFEET

We send greeting to all mankind! Be it known unto all nations, that the most ancient, most illustrious, and most numerous tribes of the red skins, lords of the soil from the banks of the great waters unto the tops of the mountains, upon which the heavens rest, have entered into solemn league and covenant to make, preserve, and cherish a firm and lasting peace, that so long as the water runs, or grass grows, they may hail each other as brethren and smoke the calumet in friendship and security.

On the vigil of the feast of St. Andrew, in the year eighteen hundred and thirty-one, the powerful and distinguished nation of Blackfeet, Piëgan, and Blood Indians, by their ambassadors, appeared at Fort Union, near the spot where the Yellow Stone River unites its current with the Missouri, and in the council-chamber of the Governor Kenneth M'Kenzie met the principal chief of all the Assiniboin nation, the Man that holds the Knife, attended by his chiefs of council, le Brechu, le Borgne, the Sparrow, the Bear's Arm, la Terre qui Tremble, and l'Enfant de Medicine, when, conforming to all ancient customs and ceremonies, and observing the due mystical signs enjoined by the grand medicine-lodges, a treaty of peace and friendship was entered into between the said high contracting parties, and is testified by their hands and seals hereunto annexed, hereafter and for ever to live as brethren of one large united happy family; and may the Great Spirit, who watcheth over us all, approve our conduct and teach us to love one another.

Done, executed, ratified and confirmed at Fort Union on the day and year first within written, in the presence of Jas. Archdale Hamilton.

H. CHARDON.

THE MAN THAT HOLDS THE KNIFE.

THE YOUNG GAUCHER.

LE BRECHU, OR LE FILS DU GROS FRANÇAIS.

THE BEAR'S ARM, OR THE MAN THAT LIVES ALONE.

LE BORGNE.

THE SPARROW.

LA TERRE QUI TREMBLE.

L'ENFANT DE MEDICINE.

K. M'KENZIE, on behalf of the Piëgans and Blackfeet.

V. METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS AT FORT UNION AND FORT CLARK, ON THE UPPER MISSOURI

[Condensed by Asa Currier Tilton]

These observations consist of those which were made by Prince Maximilian at Fort Clark in 1833-34, and of extracts from the records kept at Fort Union for the two years preceding, by Mr. Mc Kenzie. The observations were systematized by Prof. Mädler, then at Dorpat, but formerly at Berlin. His conclusions and comments are printed in his own words.

A table is given of the observations at Fort Union in 1832-33. It shows the monthly average and the daily variation of temperature. The daily and annual variations are found to be greater than in Europe, even in the interior of Russia; and are those of a typical continental climate. Some variations are manifestly unusual. The period of observation in so variable a climate is too short to reduce the figures to a formula; but a table of the differences is given, and some of the most marked variations and apparent exceptions are discussed.

The observations of the principal winds are given in another table. Here, also, the period of observation is too short for definite results; but more correspondence is found with Europe than in the case of temperature. As in Europe, the north and the south winds are rarest, the former especially.

Still another table shows the influence of the winds on temperature. This is valuable in spite of the short period covered. The south wind is found to be the warmest; and the northwest wind, followed by the northeast, the coldest. There is too little north wind to conclude that it is regularly as warm as the data indicate.

The southwest wind keeps its place throughout the year, the northwest wind only in the autumn and winter; in the spring and summer, the northeast wind takes its place as the coldest. For all the seasons, the east wind corresponds most nearly to the average temperature.

The observations at Fort Clark are given in similar tables. From November to the latter part of January the cold increased; the first part of February was decidedly warmer. The winter was very cold not alone in the Missouri valley but in the Atlantic states as well; it was, however, one of the mildest on record in Europe.

The table on the winds indicates none which corresponds to the average temperature. The northwest and west winds vary from it but little, however. The mildest wind seems to be the southwest; while the greatest cold seems to coincide with the northeast wind.

Another table gives the cloudy and clear days, and indicates their relation to temperature. From November to the beginning of March the clear mornings are the colder; in the latter part of March there is no difference. In December, January, and February the clear middays are the colder; for the rest of the time, the cloudy or neutral days are coldest. In January, the neutral days are the warmest.

VI. BIRD CALENDAR FOR THE REGION OF THE MANDAN VILLAGES, IN THE WINTER OF 1833-34[274]

=October=

=Beginning.= _Residents_: Cathartes septentrionalis;[275] Aquila leucocephala; Falco sparverius; strix virginiana, asio; Corvus corax, americanus audub.; Pica hudsonica; Lanius septentrionalis; Alcedo alcyon; Quiscalus versicolor; Parus atricapillus; Sturnella ludoviciana; Picus villosus, pubescens; Tetrao phasianellus; Tringa; Totanus; Anas boschas fera, crecca, discors; Fulica americana.[276]

=Middle.= _Residents_: Same as above. Some of the following begin to migrate: Cathartes; Falcones; Corvus amer.; Alcedo; Quiscalus; Sturnella; Fringilla erythrophthalma; Fulica; Tringa; Totanus (even earlier); Pelecanus trachyrynchos lath.;[277] grus, and recurvirostra.

_Migrants_: Quiscalus vers.; Sturnella; Anser hyperboreus, canadensis; all species of Mergus and Anas, among them Anas sponsa;[278] likewise Pelecanus.

_Birds of passage_: Turdus migrat.; Grus, both species; Pelecanus.

=End.= _Residents_: Tetrao phasian.; Corvus corax; Pica huds.; Picus pubesc., villosus; Parus atricap.; Aquila leucoc.; Alcedo alcyon (now migrating).

_Migrants_: Quiscalus, solitary; Anser canad.; Ansas boschas, crecca, discors; Cygnus; Mergus; Fringilla linaria, including unfamiliar species.

=November=

=Beginning.= _Residents_: Strix virgin., asio; Corvus corax; Pica huds.; Tetrao phasian.; Lanius septentr.

_Migrants_: Aquila leucoc.; Anas; Mergus; Cygnus; Anser.

=Middle.= _Residents_: Same as in beginning of month.

_Migrants_: Fring. linaria; Emberiza nivalis; Bombycilla garrula.

=End.= _Residents_: As above.

_Migrants_: As in the middle of the month.

=December=

=Beginning.= _Residents_: As above.

_Migrants_: As in end of November; Bombycilla garrula.

=Middle.= Same as in beginning of month.

=End.= Same as in middle of month.

=January=

Same as in December; finches and buntings no longer occur.

=February=

=Beginning.= Same as in January; no finches or snow buntings.

=Middle.= _Residents_: Fring. linaria; Ember. nivalis in small finches and snow buntings often very numerous.

=March=

=Beginning.= Same as in February.

=Middle.= _Residents_: Same as in the winter.

_Migrants_: Ember. nivalis; Fring. linaria.

_Birds of passage_: Anas boschas. The first ducks were seen on the thirteenth of March; they were flying up the Missouri. On the fourteenth the first prairie hen (Tetrao phasian.) called. On the fifteenth a small flock of gray finches (Fring. canad.?) appeared; and on the sixteenth the first swan. Ducks now appear daily.

FOOTNOTES:

[274] Each month is divided into three parts of ten and eleven days each with the exception of February, where the divisions are shorter.--MAXIMILIAN.

_Comment by Ed._ For bibliographies of earlier as well as later works on American ornithology, see Elliott Coues, "List of Faunal Publications relating to North American Ornithology," being the Bibliographical Appendix to his _Birds of the Colorado Valley_ (United States Geological Survey of the Territories, _Misc. Pub._ No. 11, 1878); also his "Second Instalment of American Ornithological Bibliography," U. S. Geog. and Geographical Survey _Bulletin_, v, No. 2 (1879).

[275] I describe this vulture under the term _septentrionalis_, because I now regard it as a distinct species. I am indebted to Privy Councillor Lichtenstein of Berlin for the opportunity of examining several specimens of _Urubus_ from different parts of South America and from Mexico; and I am now convinced that they, together with the Brazilian, form a species which is distinct from the North American. The male of the southern red-headed _Urubu_ (_C. aura_) is smaller, more uniformly dark, with stronger metallic gloss, and with less brightly-rounded wing feathers than the northern. In the Brazilian bird the iris is bright red, and in the mature bird the head is sky blue and orange. In the North American bird the head is of a dirty violet red, occasionally violet, the base of the bill lac red the iris grayish brown with a lighter band around the pupil, and a narrow bright red band on the outer edge. The immature birds of both species have a dirty violet head, etc. I hope to deal more thoroughly with this subject in another place. I will remark in passing that the statement of Schomburgk (see _Annals of Natural History_) in a natural history of the king vulture (_Vultur papa l._), "that the other vultures will not eat until the king vulture has satisfied himself," is most certainly a fable.--MAXIMILIAN.

_Comment by Ed._ For Lichtenstein, see _post_, note 276. The Schomburgk referred to is probably Sir Robert Hermann Schomburgk, the famous explorer, and the author of works on Guiana and the Barbadoes. A publication was started at Edinburgh in 1837 under the title, _Magazine of Zoology and Botany_; in 1839 the name was changed to _Annals of Natural History_, and the place of publication to London; later, the title became _Annals and Magazine of Natural History_.

[276] _Fulica americana_ is different from _atra_. This is shown more clearly in Wilson's description than in that of Audubon. The latter's description of the bill of the American bird does not agree with my observation; I have always found it uniformly colored, as Wilson describes it. I found no birds of the genus _Fulica_ in Brazil; consequently D'Orbigny (see De la Sagra, _Hist. Nat. de l'Isle de Cuba, ornith._, p. 273) is in error when he says that _Fulica atra_ was seen by me in Brazil. In North America I frequently found a similar bird, as has been said; but I cannot regard it as identical with the European. Regarding the _Fulica_ observed by D'Orbigny in South America I can give no opinion, as I saw none myself.--MAXIMILIAN.

_Comment by Ed._ The references are to: Alexander Wilson, _American Ornithology_ (Philadelphia, 1801-14, 9 vols.); John James Audubon, _Ornithological Biography_ (Edinburgh, 1831-39, 5 vols.), forming the text to his _Birds of America_ (London, 1827-38, 4 vols.); and to _Histoire physique, politique et naturelle de l'Isle de Cuba; par M. Ramon de la Sagra ... Ornithologie par Alcide d'Orbigny_ (Paris, 1839, 1 vol. and atlas). Alcide Dessalines d'Orbigny was a French naturalist who spent several years in South America, collecting natural history specimens. An account of his journey is given in his _Voyages dans l'Amerique meridionale_ (Paris, 1834-47, 9 vols.); he also published other works.

[277] On the pelican of the Mississippi and Missouri, which I have often mentioned under the term _Brachydactylus_, it is to be noted that Lichtenstein has rejected this word and chosen in its place for this species Latham's name, _Trachyrynchos_, and that I have followed the change. On this subject, see Lichtenstein, _Beitrag zur ornithologischen Fauna von Californien_.--MAXIMILIAN.

_Comment by Ed._ Martin Heinrich Karl Lichtenstein was a famous German naturalist. The work referred to by Maximilian was published in _Abhandlungen der Koeniglichen Akademie_ (Berlin, 1838-39).

[278] In De la Sagra's atlas, plate xxx, there is a very good picture of this exceedingly beautiful species of duck; it is, however, to be criticised as not giving to the bill and eye the natural color, which is far more beautiful. Bodmer has painted them very accurately from life; and I hope to use this picture in another place.--MAXIMILIAN.

VII. CATALOGUS PLANTARUM IN MONTE POKONO (NORTH HAMPT., PENNSYLVANIÆ) OBSERVATARUM A. L. D. SCHWEINITZ

Callitriche _linearis_ (non ead. cum autumnali).

Caulinia Canadensis, Mx non fragilis nec flexilis.

Gratiola anagalloidea, Mx non Virginica.

Utricularia macrorhiza, Le Conte.

" gibba.

" cornuta.

" purpurea.

Lycopus pumilus (species vix bona).

Monarda Kalmiana.

Circæa alpina.

Lemna gibba.

" polyrrhiza.

Salix tristis.

" petiolaris.

" rosmarinifolia.

" ? indeterminata.

" ? indet.

Iris versicolor (non Virginica).

Dulichium Canadense (species non bona).

Eriophorum vaginatum.

" Virginicum.

" polystachium.

Polygonum racemosum.

Milium pungens.

Calamagrostis agrostoides.

Trichodium caninum.

" laxiflorum.

" montanum.

Panicum verrucosum.

Aira monticola, L. v. S.

Poa Canadensis.

Galium Claytoni.

Houstonia serpyllifolia.

" tenella.

Cornus circinata.

" alternifolia.

" rubiginosa, L. v. S.

" Canadensis.

Myrica, Gale.

Ilex Canadensis.

" opæa.

Potamogeton distans, L. v. S.

Hydrophyllum Canadense (rare).

Dodecatheon Meadia.

Azalea viscosa.

" arborescens.

" hispida.

" bicolor.

" nitida.

Apocynum hypericifolium.

Campanula acuminata.

Lonicera parviflora.

Viola cordata non villosa, Ell.

" clandestina.

" rotundifolia.

Ribes trifidum.

" prostratum.

" gracile.

" resinosum.

" oxyacanthoides.

Asclepias phytolaccoides.

" viridiflora.

" nivea?

Gentiana pneumonanthe.

" linearis.

" crinita.

Heuchera pubescens.

Panax quinquefolium.

Cicuta bulbifera.

Viburnum pyrifolium.

" squamatum vix var. nudi.

" lantanoides.

Sambucus pubens.

Parnassia Caroliniana.

Azalea racemosa.

Allium triflorum.

Pontederia angustifolia.

Convallaria borealis.

" umbellata.

" biflora.

" latifolia.

Juncus conglomeratus.

Leontice thalictroides.

Prinos lævigatus.

Helonias erythrosperma.

Trillium erythrocarpum.

" erectum.

" pendulum.

" cernuum.

Veratrum viride.

Menispermum Virginicum.

Æsculus Pavia (very rare).

Oxycoccos macrocarpus.

" hispidulus, Gualth.

Vaccinium amœnum.

" pallidum.

" tenellum (non Pennsylv.)

" resinosum.

Acer Pennsylvanicum (strict.)

" montanum.

Œnothera pusilla.

" fruticosa.

" ambigua.

Epilobium spicatum.

" squamatum.

Populus trepida.

Polygonum cilinode.

Gaultheria procumbens.

Epigæa repens.

Andromeda caliculata.

" racemosa.

Rhododendron maximum.

Kalmia latifolia.

" angustifolia.

Rhexia Virginica.

Ledum palustre.

Chletra alnifolia.

Pyrola uniflora.

" secunda.

Rhodora Canadensis.

Tiarella cordifolia.

Silene Pennsylvanica.

Oxalis acetosella.

Prunus Canadensis.

" Pennsylvanica.

Spiræa tomentosa.

Aronia glabra.

Sorbus Americana.

Dalibarda repens.

" fragarioides.

Rubus strigosus.

" hispidus.

" inermis.

Potentilla hirsuta.

Saracenia purpurea.

Clematis viorna.

Ranunculus Pennsylvanicus.

" Belvisii, Sprengel.

Coptis trifolia.

Caltha flagellifolia.

Gerardia heterophylla.

" monticola, L. v. S.

Chelone lanceolata, Mich.

Linnæa borealis.

Geranium Carolinianum.

" robertianum.

" pusillum.

Taxus Canadensis.

Corydalis glauca.

" formosa.

" fungosa.

" cucullaria.

Polygala sanguinea.

" cruciata.

Lupinus perennis.

Astragalus Carolinianus.

Hypericum Canadense.

" Bartoni.

Eupatorium linearifolium.

" teucrifolium.

" verbenæfolium.

" falcatum?

" scabridum, Ell.

Liatris montana, L. v. S.

Gnaphalium obtusifolium (margaritaceum).

Erigeron purpureum.

Aster conyzoides.

" radula.

" acuminatus.

" concinnus.

" rigidus.

" thyrsiflorus.

Solidago odora.

" petiolaris.

" hispida.

" rigida.

" stricta.

" squarrosa.

" pulchella, L. v. S.

Rudbeckia digitata.

" fulgida.

Prenanthes serpentaria.

Habenaria spectabilis.

" ciliaris.

" blephariglottis.

" orbiculata.

" rotundifolia.

" grandiflora, Bigelano.

Pogonia verticillata.

Spiranthes gracilis, Bigel.

Cypripedium parviflorum.

Cypripedium spectabile.

Calla palustris.

Eriocaulon pellucidum.

Sparganium natans.

Carex disperma.

" pedunculata.

" loliacea.

" Gebhardi.

" Darlingtonii, L. v. S.

" nigromarginata, L. v. S.

" polystachia.

" xantherophyta.

" oligostachya, L. v. S.

" tarda, L. v. S.

" halsigona.

" sylvatica.

" umbellata.

Urtica procera.

Alnus glauca.

Myriophyllum ambiguum.

Betula populifera.

Pinus balsamea.

" nigra.

" inops.

" microcarpa.

Lycopodium clavatum.

" integrifolium.

Lygodium palmatum.

VIII. SYSTEMATIC VIEW OF THE PLANTS BROUGHT BACK FROM MY TOUR ON THE MISSOURI, DRAWN UP BY PRESIDENT NEES VON ESSENBECK, AT BRESLAU

RANUNCULACEÆ

_Clematis cordata_, Pursh. ♂--_Ranunculus_ pusillus, P.--_R._ repens, L. var. laciniis foliorum acuminatis, petiolis pedunculisque hirsutis, major et minor.

_Anemone Pensylvanica_, L.--_Aquilegia Canadensis_, L.--_Delphinium azureum_, Mich.--_Thalictrum anemonoides_, De C.

_Hydrastis Canadensis_, L. (The very bitter root-stock of this plant contains a beautiful yellow dye, and is used in America as a medicine).

CRUCIFERÆ

_Sisymbryum brachycarcum_, Richards. An S. canescentis, Nutt. var. glabriuscula? Confer S. Sophia, Pursh.

_Nasturtium sylvestre_, De C. (The American plant has larger leaves than the German).--_Stannleya pinnatifida_, Nutt.

_Vesicaria Ludoviciana_, De C. (Alyssum Ludovicianum, Nutt.; Myagrum argenteum, Pursh.)

_Erysimum asperum_, De C. (Er. lanceolatum, Pursh.; Cheiranthus asper, Nutt.)

_Alyssum dentatum_, Nutt. Flores Nuttalio et Candollio huc usque erant ignoti.--_Dentaria laciniata_, Mich.

FUMARIACEÆ

_Diclytra cucullaria_, De C.--_Corydalis aurea_, Willd.--_C. flavula_, Raf.

PAPAVERACEÆ

_Sanguinaria Canadensis_, L. (A celebrated medicine plant.)

CAPPARIDEÆ

_Peritoma serrulatum_, De C. (Cleome serrulata, Pursh.)

VIOLARIACEÆ

_Viola Canadensis_, Pursh--_V. pubescens_, Nutt.--_V. sagittata_, Ait.--_V. villosa_, Ell.--_V. cucullata_, Ell.

POLYGALEÆ

_Polygala alba_, Nutt. Torrey in Ann. Lyc. Novebor II. p. 168. The root is quite the same as that of the officinal Radix senegæ.

LINEÆ

_Linum rigidum_, Pursh? Agrees indeed, in many particulars, but the petals are not narrow (angustissima), but obovate, longer than the calyx; the lower leaves of the stalk are opposite, very small, and linear-spatulate, 1-1½ lines long. The sepals are beautifully ciliated, with glandular teeth.

_Linum_ (_Adenoblepharum_) _annuum_, foliolis calycinis ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis trinervibus glanduloso-ciliatis, petalis obovatis, foliis rigide erectis linearibus, inferioribus brevissimis obtusis suboppositis.

_Linum Lewisii_, Pursh. Vix idem ac L. sibiricum, De C. Flores sunt minores.

MALVACEÆ

_Cristaria coccinea_, Pursh. (Sida? coccinea, De C.; Malva coccinea, Nutt.) Seems to form a distinct genus, but I found no perfect fruit to determine the character.

RHAMNEÆ

_Rhamnus alnifolius_, var. foliis minoribus.

ACERINÆ

_Acer saccharinum, L._

AMPELIDEÆ

_Vitis cordifolia_, Michx. and (probably) Vitis riparea, Michx.

OXALIDEÆ

_Oxalis violacea_, L. Styli hirti.

TEREBINTHACEÆ

_Rhus Toxicodendron_, L.--_R. aromatica_, L.--_Zanthoxylum fraxineum_, W.

LEGUMINOSEÆ

_Sophora_ (_Pseudosophora_, De C.) _sericea_, Nutt. Torr. in Ann. Lyc. Novebor, p. 174, n. 65. Our specimen is entirely covered with white appressed hairs, which cover also the upper side of the leaves; the flowers are white; the calyx is gibbous below, and quinquefid; the upper teeth are broader and rather shorter. Of the 10 stamina every 2-3 are united at the bottom by the thick filaments; the two upper ones are more slender, and quite free. The ovary is covered with silky hairs; the claw of the standard is very stiff; the keel runs into a narrow point, as in Oxytropis.

_Thermopsis rhombifolia_, De C. (Thermea rhombifolia, Nutt.; Cytisus rhombifolius, Pursh.)

_Petalostemum violaceum_, Mich., var. foliis plerisque ternatis.

_Petalostemum virgatum_, nob. P. spicis cylindricis compactis, bracteis scariosis obovatis cuspidulatis calyce paulo brevioribus, calycibus glabris sulcatis dentibus ciliatis, foliolis subtrijugis lanceolato-oblongis glabris, caule ramoso virgato ramis monostachyis.

Intermediate, between the two divisions of this genus, the proper Petalantheræ and Kuhnisteræ. The perfectly spiked inflorescence connects it with the former; the nature of the bracteæ and the ciliæ of the shorter teeth join it to the latter. From the two white flowering Petalostemones P. candidum and macrostachyum, it is sufficiently distinguished by the two short bracteæ, quite hidden under the flowers; it cannot be more closely connected with Petalostemum corymbosum, because of the spiked inflorescence.

_Psoralea incana_, Nutt. (Ps. argophylla, Pursh.) Folia in nostra quinata, summa ternata.

_Psoralea tenuiflora_, Pursh? Foliola ternata, oblongo-lanceolata, mucronata. Legumen ovatum, in rostrum attenuatum, glandulosoexasperatum, calyce longius. Flores cœrulei. An nov. sp.? Quite the form of an amorpha, but the flowers appear like those of glycyrrhiza; unfortunately it cannot be accurately examined.

_Amorpha nana_, Nutt. De C. (A. microphylla, Pursh.) Calyx glaber dentibus ciliatis.--_Oxytropis Lamberti_, Pursh.

_Astragalus Missurensis_, Nutt. An cum A. Hypoglotti conjungendus?--_Astragalus racemosus_, Pursh. Var. foliolis foliorum inferiorum ovalibus.

_Astragalus gracilis_, Nutt. Torr. l. c. p. 179. This is indisputably the Dalea parviflora, Pursh, but whether really his Astragalus tenellus, I doubt.--_Astragalus Carolinianus_, L.

_Lathyrus polymorphus_, Nutt. De C. Torr. in Ann. Lyc. Novebor. II. p. 180, n. 99. (Lathyrus decaphyllus et Vicia stipulacea, Pursh.)--_Vicia Americana_, L.

_Vicia Americana β angustifolia_; foliolis oblongo-linearibus mucronatis pubescentibus. An distincta species?

FRAXINEÆ

_Fraxinus platycarpa_.

ROSACEÆ

_Rubus trivialis_, Michx. Diagnosi adde: caule primario glabro angulato aculeis sparsis rectis aut sursum falcatis (!), foliis supra pilosis subtus molliter pubescentibus, ramulis petiolis pedunculisque villosis et aculeis retrorsum curvatis armatis, corymbis in ramulis terminalibus simplicibus, sepalis ovatis brevicuspidatis. Rubus trivialis perperam ab aliis ad R. hispidum Linn. refertur. An Rubus argutus Link. Enum. hujus cenostri synonymon? (Dewberries incol.) _Potentilla supina, L._--_Fragaria elatior_, Ehrh.

_Rosa_. A species of the division of the Cinnamomeæ, Ser., or Linkianæ, Trattin; allied to the Rosa Woodsii and Rosa Americana; it may also be compared with Rosa obovata, Raf.; but it is very probably a good new species, which may be so characterized:

_Rosa Maximiliani_, N. ab. E. tubo ovarii subgloboso (ante anthesin ovato), pedunculis petiolisque inermibus et glabris, foliis solitariis, aculeis stipularibus subfalcatis, stipulis subovatis planis denticulatis a foliolis inferioribus distantibus, laciniis calycinis ternis margine setis exiguis appendiculatis, foliolis glabris ovalibus obtusis basi cuneiformibus integerrimis a medio dense incurvo-serratis. The flowers are large, red, with emarginate petals; the sepals are shorter than the petals, a little broader at the apex, and downy above; the ripe fruit is conical and crowned; the peduncles are red and slender; the leaflets bi-or trijugated, small, bluish-green below, quite smooth, without prickles, the lowest pair smaller; the stalk is red, and seems to have been furrowed when alive; the prickles are nearly opposite each other.

_Rosa_ (_Cinnamomea_) _obovata_ Rafinesque? Differt specimen nostrum: floribus sub-corymbosis nec solitariis, et fructibus vix subgloboso-depressis, sed potius subglobosis. Var. floribus albis. Authors have indeed this species under R. cinnamomea, but this is certainly wrong.

_Rosa Carolina_? cum fructibus absque flore.--_Amelanchier sanguinea_, De C. (Pyrus sanguinea, Pursh.)

_Cratægus coccinea_, Lin.--_Prunus serotina_, Ehrh.--_Cerasus pygmœa_, De C.?

LOASEÆ

_Bartonia ornata_, Pursh.

PORTULACACEÆ

_Claytonia Virginiana, Ait._

ONAGRACEÆ

_Callilophis Nuttallii_, Spach. in Ann. des sc. natur. 1835, Sept. p. 3. (Œnothera serrulata, Nutt. Hook exot. Fl. t. 140). In nostro specimine flores vix dimidium pollicem lati sunt.

_Anogra pinnatifida_, Spach. (Œnothera pinnatifida, Nutt. Oen. albicaulis, Pursh., nec Fraser.)

_Pachylophis Nuttallii_, Spach. (Œnothera scapigera et Œ. cæspitosa. Pursh. Suppl. Œnothera cæspitosa, Sims. Spreng.)

_Œnothera pubescens_, Willd. Probably a variety of Œno biennis--_Gaura coccinea_, Pursh. Gauridii est generis Spach. Fructus (immaturus) fere cylindricus, dense pubescens. Ovula 2-4, pendula, nuda.

_Gaura coccinea β integrifolia._ Torr. in Ann. Lyc. Novebor. II. p. 200, n. 145. Distincta species. Genus inter Gauridium Spach. et Gauram medium, illi proximum, sed differens stigmate discoideo 4-dentato. Ovula 4 in ovario uniloculari.

HALORAGEÆ

_Ceratophyllum submersum_, Pursh. An eadem ac species Europæa?

RIBESIACEÆ

_Chrysobotrya intermedia_, Spach. Ann. des Sc. natur. Juillet, 1835, p. 4, t. 1, B.

_Chrysobotrya revoluta_, Sp.? folia majora, magis villosa. An fructus ovalis? Secundum cl. Nuttall. omnes Chrysobotryæ species pro varietatibus Rib. aurei habendæ sunt.

_Ribes Cynosbati_, Michx.--_R. floridum_, L'Her.

UMBELLIFERÆ

_Ziziæ species?_ The fruit is not sufficiently formed to be quite sure of the genus.

_Chærophyllum procumbens_, V. Boscii, De C.--_Pastinacca fœniculacea_, Spr. (Ferula fœniculacea, Nutt.)

_Cymopterus glomeratus_, De C. (Thapsia, Nutt.)--_Osmorhiza longistylis_, De C. (Urospermum, Nutt.)

ARALIACEÆ

_Aralia nudicaulis_, L. The root is said to be used as Radix sassaparillæ.

LORANTHACEÆ

_Viscum flavescens_, Pursh. De C. ♀. In nostro specimine folia ovalia, basi cuneata, distincte trinervia. An hujus loci V. verticillatum, Nutt?

CORNACEÆ

_Cornus sericea_, var. asperifolia, Michx.

SAMBUCACEÆ

_Viburnum Lentago_, L.

RUBIACEÆ

_Galium dasycarpum_, N. ab E. G. caule erecto ramoso ad ungulos aspero, geniculis hirtis, foliis quaternis lanceolatis obtusis trinervibus utrinque hispido-scabris, pedunculis axillaribus folio multo longioribus trichotomis in paniculam terminalem dispositis, bracteis ovalibus, fructu setis rectis densissime tecto.

In sylvis ad castellum Union aliisque in locis sylvaticis, 5 Julii.--Ser. Princ. Wied.

Differt a Galio septentrionali R. et Sch. seu Galio boreali, Pursh. caulis angulis asperis, foliis præsertim subtus et supra circa margines, setulis exiguis hispidis, fructu (immaturo saltem) densissimis setis rectis, neque apice uncinatis, candicante. Folia margine revoluta.

CAPRIFOLIACEÆ

_Symphoria glomerata_, Pursh. (Symphoricarpus vulgaris, De C. Michx.)

SYNANTHEREÆ

_Cirsium lanceolatum_, Scop.

_Liatris Punctata_, Hook. Fl. Bor.--Amer. I. p. 306, t. 105, De C. Prodr. V. p. 129, n. 5. Var. caule glabro. Huius loci esse videtur _Liatris resinosa_, De C. in horto Genevensi culta, semine a cl. Pourtalès ex Arcansas allato, nec. vero Nuttall.

_Kuhnia Maximiliani_, Sinning. (Sectio Strigia, De C.) caule herbaceo, foliis ovato-lanceolatis, inferioribus a medio grosse et inæqualiter serratis superioribus subintegerrimis sessilibusque, corymbo terminali composito ♃.

Kuhnia suaveolens, Fres. in En. Sem. horti Francofurtensis anno 1838.

Habitat in sylvis, frutetis et in collibus ad Missouri fluvium superiorem prope Fort Clark.

Differt evidenter a Kuhnia eupatorioide: foliis saltem superioribus plerisque, haud petiolatis sed basi parum angustiori sessilibus, inferioribus ovato-oblongis uno alterove dente absque ordine præditis, superioribus ovato lanceolatis lanceolatisve integerrimis, utrinque, præsertim subtus, glandulis micantibus inspersa, corymbo plurifloro magis patula, involucri foliolis inferioribus valde decrescentibus anguste linearibus laxe patulis. Corollæ albæ. Involucri foliola superiora oblongo lanceolata, nervoso striata. Antheræ inclusæ pallidæ, in plerisque syngenesicæ sed solito facilius separabiles multis etiara in tubum hinc fissum aut in binas partes divisum concretæ. Styli rami crassi, obtusi, papuloso-asperi. Pappus plumosus albus basi flavescens.

Variat foliis caulinis modo magis modo minus serratis, quandoque et subintegerrimis.

_Senecio ceratophyllus_, N. ab E.

S. foliis oblongis, inferioribus lyrato-pinnatipartitis superioribus pinnatipartitis petiolatis cauleque lanuginosis, laciniis acuminatis extrorsum inciso-dentatis, dentibus angustis, petiolis auriculatis amplexicaulibus, floribus umbellatis, pedunculis elongatis nudis.

On the upper Missouri, June 13.

Nearly related to Senecio balsamitæ, but sufficiently different, as I was convinced by specimens which I received through Mr. Gray, from New York. The plant of the Missouri is much larger, 1½-2 feet high, entirely covered with loose downy hair. The lowest leaves are not entire, but lyrate and pinnatified below to the mid-rib, with a terminal lobe. The laciniæ and the terminal lobe have long, narrow, pointed teeth; the middle leaves are of the same shape; the ultimate lobe is, however, narrower, and shows the transition to the upper, entirely pinnatified leaves. The laciniæ of these upper leaves are nearly lanceolate, and have, above and below, two or three teeth, but at the middle only one or no tooth. The petiole is long, and the auricles distant from the lower laciniæ. In Senecio balsamitæ the cauline leaves are sessile; these too, have here, only blunt teeth; the receptacles are twice as large as in Senecio balsamitæ, and the scales of the involucrum are very pointed. In Senecio balsamitæ, on the contrary, they are much less pointed, and may often be designated as obtuse.

_Artemisia Douglassiana_, Bess. Abr. n. 39. Hook. Fl. Am. bor. p. 323. De C. Prodr. VI. p. 115, n. 118.

_Erigeron sulcatus_, N. ab. E. hirtus, caule sulcato corymboso-ramoso ramis foliosis unifloris, foliis lanceolato-linearibus integerrimis sessilibus, periclinii squamis hirsutissimis, ligulis angustis numerosissimis periclinio duplo longioribus (albis.) (Am. 8, Juni ♃.)

Differt ab Erigeronte pumilo, Nutt. caule fastigiatim ramoso stricto sulcato. An huius var. Pappus biserialis, seriei exterioris pilis brevibus.

_Erigeron asperus_, Var. caule unifloro. (Erigeron) asperum, Nutt. Gen. am. II. p. 147. De C. Prodr. VI. p. 286, n. 16.

_Stenactis annua, var. obtusifolia._--_Aster Novi Belgii, var. β squarrosus_, N. ab E.--_Aster bellidiflorus, var. β_, N. ab E.

_Aster hirsuticaulis_, Lindl. in De C. Prodr. V. p. 242, n. 107. foliis conformibus lanceolato-linearibus integerrimis pericliniique foliolis ciliatis et setaceo-mucronatis pilosulis, caule pubescente recurvo a basi ramoso, ramis simplicibus patentibus, calathiis in apice ramorum confertis subspicatis (3-8), periclinii foliolis oblongo-linearibus laxiusculis apice herbaceis subrecurvis. (Aster setiger, N. ab E. in sched.)

Locus ante Asterem diffusum.

Species mucrone foliorum et squamarum periclinii setiformi (seu potius seta has partes terminante) et floribus magnitudine Bellidis in apicibus ramorum approximatis brevissime pedicellatis, spicas cylindricas in aliis autem veluti capitula exhibentibus, distincta. Radius brevis, albus.--Caulis 1-2 ped. altus, dense cano-hirtus. Folio in caule et ramis conferta, patentia, caulina 1½-2 poll. longa, 1½ lin. lata, ramea 1½ pollices longa et vix lineam lata, omnia setulis ciliata et parce pilosula, seta terminata. Rami ab infimo caule incipientes, 2½ poll. longi, apicem versus ita decrescentes, ut apex caulis racemum compositum densum angustumque exhibeat.

_Aster multiflorus var. β ciliatus_, N. ab E. (Gen. et sp. Ast.)

_Aster rubricaulis var. β elatior_, N. ab E. G. et Sp. A. Near Fort Mc Kenzie, in the prairies of the upper Missouri, 12th Sept., 1833.

_Chrysopsis gossypina_, De C. (Inula gossypina, Pursh.) Integumentum omnino ut in _Inula villosa_, Nutt. (Chrysopsi villosa, De C.), sed folia obtusa quandoque cum parvo mucronulo. Pappus pallide sulphureus, exteriori serie brevissima alba.

SIDERANTHUS, Fraser. (Amelli sp., _Pursh._ Starkea? _Nutt._ Aplopappi sp. _De C._)

Calathium multiflorum, radiatum, radio uniseriali femineo, flosculis bidentulis; floribus disci 5--dentatis hermaphroditis, stigmatum cono sterili longo scabro. Clinanthii alveolæ lacero-paleaceæ. Periclinium pluriseriale, imbricatum, foliolis linearibus, setaceo-mucronatis nervo infra apicem tumente herbaceo. Achænia cuneiformi-angusta, erostria, sericeo hirta. Pappus pilosus, denticulato scaber, pluriserialis, radiolis exterioribus brevioribus. Fruticulus foliis alternis pinnatisectis, laciniis spinuloso-setigeris.

This genus is next to Aplopappus, Cass., from which it is distinguished, besides the habit, by the unequal pappus, and by the scales of the involucrum below the mucro, which are herbaceous, and marked with glandular swellings. From this last character we might be inclined to connect it with Clomenocoma, Cass.; but this genus is sufficiently distinguished by the truncated bearded branches of the style. Our genus is more nearly allied to Sommerfeltia, Less., and almost the only difference is in the fertile florets of the disk, which in the other are barren.

_Sideranthus spinulosus_, Fras. ex Steud. (Aplopappus? spinulosus, De C., Prodr. V., p. 347, n. 8. Starkea? pinnata, Nutt. Gen. II. p. 169. Amellus? spinulosus, Pursh. Fl. Am. septentr. II. p. 564. Torrey in Ann. Lyc. Novebor. II. p. 213, n. 223.) On the 12th of September, near Fort Mc Kenzie. Flower large, yellow.

_Solidago lateriflora_, var. caule simplici (Solidago fragrans, Willd.)

_Achillea tomentosa_, L. The North American plant differs from our European, in having a slender tall stem, shorter in florescence, and, as it seems, a pale yellow ray of the compound flower; it is perhaps a distinct species.

_Brachyris Eutamiæ_, Nutt., De C. Prodr. V., p. 313, n. 3. (Solidago Sarothræ, Pursh.) Radius disci altitudine; pappus radii (imperfecti) brevior. Periclinia glutinosa.

_Grindelia squarrosa_, R. Br. (Donia squarrosa, Pursh., Nutt.)--_Galardia bicolor v. aristata_, Nutt.

_Helianthus petiolaris_, Nutt. in Diar. Acad. sc. nat. Philad. a. 1821. Act. p. 115. De C. Prodr. V. p. 586, n. 6. _Var. humilis_ (circiter semi-bipedalis), foliis, longe petiolatis ovatis acuminatis basi cuneatis obtuse serratis triplinerviis asperis hispidisque, pedunculo terminali solitario elongato gracili hirsuto, periclinio a folio oblongo acuto bracteato.

_Obeliscaria columnaris_, De C. Prodr. V., p. 559, n. 2. (Rudbeckia columnaris, Pursh., Fraser).

_Iva, anthyifolia_, Nutt.? Periclinium pentaphyllum, foliolis ovatis ciliatis. Flosculi feminei, 2-3, squama tenui truncata suffulti; flosculus minimus, tubulosus, truncatus; ovarium ovale, compressum, pubescens, pappo tubuloso coronatum. Flosculi ♂ plurimi, cylindrici, decem-sulcati, glandulosi, subpedicellati, pistilli nullo vestigio. Antheræ inclusæ, filamentis brevissimis. An proprii generis?--_Iva axillaris_, Pursh. Probably a new species of Lactuca or Prenanthes; but the specimen is imperfect.

_Jamesia_, N. ab E. (Prenanthis species dubiæ Torr. in Ann. Lyc. Noveborac. II., p. 210.)

Achænium erostre, pentagonum, sessile. Pappus uniserialis, plumosus. Clinanthium nudum, scrobiculatum. Priclinium pauciflorum, cylindricum, foliolis 5-6, majoribus subæqualibus, 3-4 minoribus inæqualibus ad basin veluti canaliculatis. Flosculi rosei 5-6.

Proximum genus Podospermo, sed differt achæniis haud stipitatis. A Scorzoneris differt habitu. Herbæ ramosæ, foliis angustis integris aut pinnatifidis, ramis uni-plurifloris.

_Jamesia pauciflora_, nob. (Prenanthes? pauciflora, Torrey, l. c.) Caule valde ramoso, foliis glabris lineari-lanceolatis sinuato-pinnatifidis, laciniis angustis integerrimis, ramis elongatis unifloris. Achænia glabra, pallida, longitudine pappi, obtuse pentagona, lateribus linea media notatis transversim subtorosis. Area baseos callo annulari ambitus achenii cincta.

_Sonchus Ludovicianus_, Nutt. (Lactuca, De C.)? Folia lanceolata, runcinata, rarissime autem denticulata.

_Troximon marginatum_, Nutt.

APOCYNEÆ

_Apocynum hypericifolium_, Pursh.

_Asclepias speciosa_, Torr. James in Ann. Lyc. Noveborac. II., p. 218, n. 260.

ERICACEÆ

_Arbutus Uva ursi_, L.

HYDROPHYLLEÆ

_Ellisia Nyctelea_, L.

POLEMONIACEÆ

_Phlox pilosa_, L.

CONVOLVULACEÆ

_Calystegia Maximilianea_, N. ab E. volubilis, glabra, foliis hastato-sagittatis obtusis submucronatis, pedunculis teretibus folium subæquantibus, bracteis ovali-oblongis obtusis ciliolatis calyce longioribus; calycis laciniis breviacutatis.

Species calystegiæ sepium similis, sed notis indicatis abunde diversa. Folia minora sunt, flores ejusdem fere magnitudinis (albi?) Calyx longitudine quartæ partis corollæ. Tota planta glabra, solis bracteis lanuginoso-ciliatis. Folia inferiora, ambitu ovato apice obtusissima; superiora magis triangularia, obtusiuscula cum mucronulo.

BORRAGINEÆ

_Echinospermum Lappula_, Lehm.

_Echinospermum strictum_, N. ab E. E. caule stricto superne stricte ramoso foliisque lanceolatis callosis et patenti-pilosis, corollæ tubo calyce breviori, glochidibus nucum brevibus marginalibus serie simplici dispositis. ʘ (Rochelia nov. sp., Nutt. Mscp. Torr. in Ann. Lyc. Noveborac. II., p. 226, n. 300?).

This species may be easily distinguished by the characters indicated, from E. lappula and patulum, Lehm.

_Myosotis glomerata_, Nutt. (Cynoglossum glomeratum, Pursh. Suppl.) Intermediate between Anchusa and Myosotis.

_Lithospermum denticulatum_, Lehm. (Pulmonaria Sibirica, Pursh. nec. Lin.) Stylus in nostris inclusus nec exsertus, reliqua congruunt. Limbus longitudine est tubi, qui Lithospermo pulchro est brevior.

_Batschia longiflora_, Pers.--_B. canescens_, Michx. (Anchuso Virginica, Lin.)

Both plants contain in the bark of their roots the same red dye as the officinal roots of the Alcanna tinctoria.

_Pulmonaria Virginica_, L.

RHINANTHACEÆ

_Pentstemon grandiflorum_, Nutt. (P. Bradburnii, Pursh.) Stamen sterile fert antheram parvam bilobam.

_Pentstemon cristatum_, Nutt. (P. erianthera, Pursh.)

_Pentstemon viscidulum_, N. ab. E. herbaceus, subtillissime subsquamuloso-pubescens, foliis lanceolatis amplexicaulibus inferioribus denticulatis, pedunculis fasciculatis, folia superiora superantibus, calycibus acuminatis corollisque glanduloso-pubescentibus fauce imberbi, filamento sterili ab apice ad medium aureo-barbato.

This plant is near to Pentstemon erianthera, but differs from that, and from the other species with which I am acquainted, by the glutinous pubescence of the flowers. These are wide, infundibuliform, and seem to have been of a dark red colour. My specimen is about a span high. This species has, perhaps, been already described among species of Pentstemon recently made known; I have not, however, been able to find any corresponding with it where I looked for it.

_Pentstemon lævigatum_, Nutt.

_Euchroma grandiflora_, Nutt. Torr. Ann. Lyc. Noveborac. II. p. 230. (Castilleja sessiliflora, Pursh.)

SCROPHULARINÆ

_Scrophularia lanceolata_, Pursh. A broad-leaved form, with elliptical leaves, but to be known by their acuminated base, and by the deep unequal serratures, though almost too nearly allied to Scrophularia Marylandica.

LABIATÆ

_Monarda mollis_, Willd.

_Mentha arvensis, var. α sativa_, Beth. M. sativa, Lin. Specimen nostrum omnino ad hanc speciem pertinet minimeque ad Mentham Canadensem, Lin. Pili caulis breves sunt et reversi, folia vere ovalia et ovali-oblonga, utrinque glabriuscula nec basi neque apice multum attenuata, licet acuta. This species is new in the American Flora.

_Stachys palustris var._ Caule prælongo simplicissimo, foliis brevioribus latiusculis. I find no mention of Stachys palustris in the American botanists.

VERBENACEÆ

_Verbena Aubletia_, L.?--_V. bracteosa_, Michx.

PRIMULACEÆ

_Lysimachia ciliata_, L.

PLANTAGINEÆ

_Plantago cordata_, Lam. (Pl. Kentuckensis, Michx.)--_P. pusilla_, Nutt.

OSYRIDEÆ

_Comandra umbellata_, Nutt. (Thesium umbellatum, Willd.) It differs from Santalum only by the parts of the flowers being quinary, whereas they are in fours or quaternary in Thesium; but the glandular scales between the stamina are the same. The ovules are erect.

LAURINÆ

_Laurus Benzoin_, L.--_L. Diospyros_, L. (Sassafras Diospyros, N. v. E.)

ELÆAGNEÆ

_Shepherdia argentea_, Nutt.

CHENOPODIACEÆ

_Kochia dioica_, Nutt. Flores ♂ glomerati; glomeruli pedunculati, axillares, in apice caulis nudi. Bractea infra glomerulum una, angusta. Perianthium parvum, pedicellatum, campanulatum, quinquefidum, membranaceum, laciniis ad basin extus lobulo herbaceo appendiculatis. Stamina quinque, rudimento exiguo pistilli inserta; filamenta filiformia; antheræ infra medium adfixæ, oblongæ, bilocellatæ, dehiscendo quadricornes. Femina ignota.--Planta annua, humilis, glabra. Caulis compressus, dichotomus. Folia alterna, lanceolata, obtusa, sessilia, succulenta, punctata, glauca, subpapillosa, glabra.

Variat: Simplicissima, 1-3 poll. longa, capitulo solitario terminali. An Cyclolepidi Generi Moqu. Tandon, aut Villemetiæ adscribenda?

POLYGONEÆ

_Polygonum coccineum β terrestre_, Michx. (Polygoni amphibii β terrestris Var. Meissn.)

_Rumex verticillatus_, Willd.--R. venosus, Pursh.

_Eriogonum sericeum_, Pursh. (Eriog. flavum, Fraser.)

Eriogonum _multiceps_, N. ab E. albo-tomentosum, caule suffruticoso multicipiti, pedunculo terminali simplici, involucris (florum fasciculis) capitatis, capitulo subinvolucrato, calycis laciniis ovatis ciliatis, foliis radicalibus (surculorum inferis) lanceolatis utrinque albo-tomentosis.

Distinctissima species. Differt ab Eriogono sericeo, Pursh. seu Eriog. flavo, Fras.: caule ad basin multifido, ramis dense foliosis, pedunculo 2-3 poll. longo tomentoso nudo terminatis, foliis angustioribus involucris sessilibus calycinis laciniis ovatis, ab Eriog. pauciflora: floribus multo minoribus intra involucrum pedicellatis nec sessilibus. An error in verbis Purshii, ut loco "floribus" legendum sit "involucris" aut "fasciculis?"

EUPHORBIACEÆ

_Euphorbia maculata_, L.--_E. marginata_, Pursh. (nec Kunth.)

URTICEÆ

SARCOBATUS. Flores amentacei. Amentum androgynum, superne masculum. Squamæ masculæ peltatæ, orbiculares, repando-lobatæ, contiguo-imbricatæ, e centro pedicellatæ, tetrandræ. Antheræ oblongæ, subtetragonæ, sessiles, bilocellatæ rima laterali dehiscentes. Squamæ feminæ subcordatæ, supra basin adfixæ. Pistillum singulum; ovarium axi amenti adpressum, ovatum, depressum, inferne strigoso-sericeum, vertice glabrum (an inferne cum calyce, seu urceolo, concretum?); stigmata duo, sessilia, divergentia, subulata, papilloso-scabra. Fructus ignotus.

_Sarcobatus Maximiliani_, (Pulpy Thorn, Lewis and Clarke Iter.)

Frutex pedalis et altior, ramosissimus, ramis plerisque geminis confertis subtriquetris glabris pallidis, epidermide vetusta rimosa. Cicatrices foliorum tumentes, unde rami tuberculati et vetustiores quidem hinc inde quasi annulatim diffracti. Folia ½-¾, poll., longa, ¾, lin. lata, trigono-semicylindrica, linearia, obtusa, sessilia, integerrima, carnosa, glauca glabra, siccando caduca, nervo medio (in siccis) supra et infra prominulo. Amenta in ramulis terminalia, sessilia, ½ poll, circiter longa, lutescentia, a basi ad medium feminea, superne mascula. Axis inter flosculos femineos dense tomentosus, subtrigonus et a casu squamarum infra pistillum singulum cicatrice lunata præditus, inter flores masculos glaber, tuberculatus, tuberculis quaternatim digestis sedem antherarum quaternarum, singulæ squamæ stipitem singentium, prodentibus. Limbus squamæ masculæ (membranaceæ omnino peltatatæ et indusium Aspidii cujusdam longius pedicellati referentis) repando 5-6 lobus. Squamæ femineæ diverg. ⅜ positæ sunt.

In regione Mississippi fluvii superiori tractus latos investit hic frutex.

This shrub has some similarity with Ceratiola ericoides, and may have been overlooked on that account. As we are still unacquainted with the fruit, the place of the genus in the natural system cannot be positively assigned, and it is possible that it may be connected with the Euphorbiaceæ of the tribe Hippomaneæ.

ARTOCARPEÆ

_Morus rubra_, W.

SALICINÆ

_Salix longifolia._ Torrey in Ann. Lyc. Noveborac. II., p. 248. (An Mühlenb.?) Var. sericans, foliis junioribus undique, adultioribus subtus lanuginoso-sericeis canescentibus. Flores amenti masculi inferiores triandri. Squamæ acutiusculæ. Capsulæ pedicellatæ. Fol. 1½-3 poll. longa, 1½-2 lin. lata, magis minusve denticulata quandoque fere integerrima. An distincta spec.? ♂

_Salix Houstoniana_, Pursh? With rose willow. (An S. longifoliæ var.?)

_Salix...._ Probably a new species.

_Salix...._ Probably the form of the male plant of Salix lucida, Willd. ♂ Tetrandrous; the stamina are very hairy at the bottom. Branches, yellow-green.

_Salix lucida_, Willd. ♀ Agrees with the above-mentioned male plant, and belongs to the same species.

_Populus angulata_, Willd.

AMENTACEÆ

_Quercus imbricaria_, Michx. Rather this, probably, than the cinerea, for it seems not to be evergreen.

_Quercus alba_, W.--_Q. castanea_, Mühl. (Fructus edules).--_Q. obtusiloba_, Michx.--_Q. coccinea_, Michx.

_Carpinus Americana_, L.

CONIFERÆ

_Pinus flexilis_, James in Ann. Lyc. Noveborac. II. p. 249, n. 428.

_Juniperus barbadensis_, Lin. This species probably coincides with J. Sabina of our gardens. J. Hermanni, too, probably belongs to this place.

_Juniperus communis_, L.

_Juniperus repens_, Nutt. (J. prostrata horti nostri colore intense viridi nec glauco et odore multo debiliori recidit. Fr. N. ab E).--_Juniperus Virginiana_, L.

JUNCEÆ

_Juncus setaceus_, Rostk.

SMILACINÆ

_Smilax_: caule inermi angulato, foliis cordato-ovatis acutis septemnerviis, pedunculo communi umbellæ (♂) petiolum subæquante.

An _Smilacis herbacei_ varietas? Differt solummodo brevitate pedunculi, Fr. N. ab E.

_Smilacina racemosa_, Desf.

_Uvularia grandiflora_, Sm. } on the Lower } Missouri. _Trillium recurvatum_, Beck. }

LILIACEÆ

_Allium reticulatum_, Fraser. (All. angulosum, Pursh. Probably also Allium striatum, Torr. in Ann. Lyc. Noveborac. II. p. 251, n. 441, but not Don.)

_Erythronium albidum_, Nutt.

BROMELIACEÆ

_Tillandsia usneoides_, Lin.

COMMELINEÆ

_Tradescantia Virginica_, Lin.

IRIDEÆ

_Sisyrinchium anceps_, Lam.

CYPERACEÆ

_Scirpus Duvalii_, Hoppe. Scirpus acutus, Mühlenb. Involucri folium erectum in hoc convexum nec carinatum. Squamæ spiculæ emarginatæ, mucronatæ, ciliatæ. Stylus bifidus. Maculæ culmi fungi parasitici primordia sunt.

_Scirpus robustus_ var. spiculis glomerato-capitatis.

_Carex Mühlenbergii_, Schkuhr.--_C. longirostris_, Torrey.--_C. pellita_, Mühlenb. Var. β (Schkuhr. t. Nun. f. 150).--_C. acuta_, Lin.

_Uncinia filifolia._ (Carex filifolia, Nuttall.) Rare. Torrey and Schweinitz did not see it with ripe fruit.

GRAMINEÆ

_Diagraphis arundinacea_, P. de B.

_Hierochloa fragrans_, Kunth. In nostro specimine glumæ flosculos adæquant; flosculi masculi circa apicem pubescentes.

_Stipa capillata_, Lin.

_Sesleria dactyloides_, Nutt. Deserves to form a distinct species, which belongs to the Chlorideæ, and from the habit should be placed next to Chondrosium. Two peduncles mostly come out of the upper sheath; some leaves are biennial. The unilateral spikes are hardly half an inch long, oval, and often tinged with violet on the back. The lower valve of the calyx turned to the rhachis is more than twice as small as the upper. I always found only two flowers; the upper one stalked; both similarly formed, with triple-nerved lower valve, which terminates in a short point; the upper valve is ciliated. The scales are smooth, nearly quadrate, obtusely crenated. Three stamina with yellow anthers. In many flowers the pistil is entirely wanting, and the plant is perhaps diœcious.

Our Sesleria may be compared, though only remotely, with S. disticha.

_Chondrosium oligostachyum_, N. ab E. spica solitaria binisve rectiusculis, spiculis subtrifloris, flosculis binis superioribus stipitatis sterilibus, inferiori sessili villoso, supremo cucullato mutico univalvi, secundo parvo bivalvi setis tribus ad basin stipato, culmo geniculato simpliciæ lævi, foliis linearibus, ore vaginarum puberulo.

Atheropogon oligostachyus, Nutt. Gen. et Spec. I. p. 78; Torr. in. Ann. Lyc. Noveborac. II. p. 254, n. 476.

_Eutriana oligostachya_, Kunth. En. I. p. 282, n. 12.

Cum Chondrosiis magis quam cum Eutrianis congruit, neque spicæ omnino rectæ. Rhachis dorso convexa. Spicæ circiter pollicares, vel singula adjecto mucronulo, vel duæ et tum una terminalis. Spiculæ arcte imbricatæ. Glumæ lanceolatæ, glabræ aut pilosulæ, uninerves, inferior duplo minor. Flosculi fertilis valvula inferior lanceolata ex utroque latere medio setam promit valvula paulo breviorem, non ex ipso margine provenientem sed ex nervo laterali; infra apicem bidentem valvulæ seta brevis et rigida. Pedicellus flosculorum sterilium infra flosculos barba annulari cinctus. Flosculus horum inferior parvus, ovalis, obtusus, muticus, glaber, setis ad basin una laterali et una utriusque lateris rectis æqualibus linea paulo longioribus divergentibus. Tertii flosculi valvula sursum cucullata, truncata, mutica.--Culmus 1½-1 ped. longus, teres, glaber ad genicula infractus. Vaginæ internodiis breviores. Ligula brevissima, denticulata. Folia 2-1 poll. longa, lin. 1 lata, linearia, acuminata, subtus convexa, supra concava, lævia, glauca, glabra, circa basin subtilissime puberula.

_Spartina patens_, Mühlenb. spicis (4-8) alternatim secundis brevibus adpressis, rhachi hispidula, glumis dorso setoso-hirsutis, superiori flosculum æquante brevi-mucronata, inferiori duplo minore setaceo-acuminata foliis culmo brevioribus patentibus in apicem fere filiformem attenuatis culmoque glabris.

Spartina patens, Mühlenb. Descr. n. 6, p. 55; Schult. Mant. Syst. Veg. II. p. 150, n. 6, a. Kunth. En. 1, p. 279, n. 12.--Dactylis patens, Act. Hort. Kew. ed. 2, p. 160; R. et Sch. S. Veg. II., p. 632, n. 19.--Trachynotia patens, Poir. Enc. meth. Suppl. II. p. 443.

Species distinctissima foliis arcu patentibus 5-7 poll, longis, ad basin 2 lin. latis, in apicem filiformem attenuatis subconvolutis, inferioribus disticho-approximatis, superioribus distantibus.--Culmus 1-1½ pedes altus, in nostris tortus. Spicæ partiales subpollicares; arcte contiguæ. Spiculæ haud pedicellatæ sed callo brevi insertæ, oblongæ, 3 lin. longæ. Gluma superior altero latere ad carinam trinervis, ex apice obtuso brevissime mucronulata, secundum carinam setis patulis mollibus densis ciliata; inferior subbinervis, apice attenuata, carina laxius ciliata, plus duplo brevior. Valvulæ obtusæ, inferior paulo brevior, carina infra apicem ciliata. Antheræ violaceæ.

_Brizopyrum spicatum._

(Uniola stricta, Torr. in Ann. Lyc. Noveborac. Sept. 1824, p. 155).--Br. siculum, β Americanum LK.--Uniola spicata, Lin. Festuca distichophylla, Pursh.

_Arundinaria macrosperma_, Michx.

_Agropyrum repens_, P. de B. Var. ε Leersianum R. et Sch. Spiculis inferioribus geminis.--Specimina nostra singularia, alta, glauca. Folia radicalia angustissima, filiformia. Spiculæ 6-8 floræ, pubescentes, glaucæ. Glumarum aristæ 1-2 lin., valvularum lin. 4-5 longæ, patentes. Gluma inferior 3--superior 5-nervis.

_Elymus striatus_, Willd.--_Hordeum jubatum_, Ait.

FILICES

_Adiantum pedatum_, Willd.

EQUISETACEÆ

_Equisetum arvense_, L.--_E. hyemale_, L.

RHIZOSPERMÆ

_Azolla Caroliniana_, Willd.

MUSCI FRONDOSI

_Mnium (Bryum) ciliare_, Greville in Annals of the Lyc. of New York. 1825, IX. p. 273, t. 23. Our specimens are distinguished by the leaves being generally entire to the middle, in which they approximate to those of Mn. cuspidatum; but they are much narrower, cuneiform below, like those of Mn. affine. I always saw the Setæ single, much bent, and tortuous.

_Dicranum purpurascens_, Hedw. (Ceratodon purpureus γ purpurascens, Brid.) Most probably; but the fruit is not quite formed.

_Neckera viticulosa._ In some particulars approximates to Neckera minor; but the leaves are always inclined. A beautiful yellow.

_Cryphæa inundata_: caule pendulo laxe pinnatim-ramoso ramulis apice incurvis, foliis distantibus oblongo-lanceolatis carinatis nervo crasso excurrente, inferioribus arete complicatis obliquis, capsulis ovalibus heteromallis subsessilibus perichætio longissimo immersis, dentibus peristomii interioris longis persistentibus coloratis apice incurvis.

In ramis fruticum inundatis ad flumina Wabash, Fox and Black Rivers. Decembre cum fructu maturo.

Differs from Chryphæa heteromalla, not only by the long, slender stems, and the thick projecting nerve of the leaves, but most especially by the stiff red ciliæ of the inner peristome, which almost exceed the exterior ones in length, and are incurved inwards at the point. The lower cauline leaves are so broken that the two halves touch with their upper surface, and the leaf acquires almost an ensiform appearance. The leaves of the involucrum are quite nerveless. The capsule is yellow. I did not see the operculum and the hood.

LICHENES

_Usnea hirta_, Ach.--_Parmelia tiliacea_, Ach.

FUNGI

_Polyporus velutinus_, Fr., pileo supra sordide albo subfuligineo.--_Exidia auricula Judæ_, Fr. Syst. Myc.

Our specimen is distinguished by its size and remarkably pale colour.

IX. CATALOGUE OF BIRDS OBSERVED IN THE MONTHS OF NOVEMBER, DECEMBER, JANUARY, AND FEBRUARY AT THE MOUTH OF THE WABASH

Winter Residents:

1. Cathartes Aura septentr. 2. Aquila leucocephala. 3. " 4. " Haliaëtus amer. 5. Falco borealis. 6. " uliginosus Bon. 7. " Sparverius. 8. Strix asio. 9. " nebulosa. 10. Corvus americanus Aud. 11. Garrulus cristatus. 12. Psittacus carolinensis. 13. Picus pileatus. 14. " auratus. 15. " carolinus. 16. " varius. 17. " villosus. 18. " pubescens. 19. " erythrocephalus. 20. Sitta carolinensis. 21. Certhia familiaris amer. 22. Alcedo Alcyon. 23. Sturnella ludoviciana Bon. 24. Fringilla cardinalis. 25. " hyemalis. 26. Fringilla canadensis. 27. " pennsylvanica. 28. " melodia. 29. " tristis. 30. Parus bicolor. 31. " atricapillus. 32. Muscicapa coronata. 33. Sialia Wilsoni Sw. 34. Regulus cristatus. 35. Troglod. ludovicianus. 36. " hyemalis. 37. Columba carolinensis. 38. Meleagris Gallopavo. 39. Tetrao umbellus. 40. " Cupido. 41. Perdix virginiana. 42. Ardea herodias. 43. Anser canadensis. 44. " bernicla. 45. Anas Boschas fera. 46. " clangula amer. 47. Mergus Merganser. 48. " serrator. 49. " cucullatus. 50. Falco?

In November the following still occurred:

1. Quiscalus ferrugineus (a few). 2. Fulica americana (migrating). 3. Grus canadensis. 4. Podiceps carolin. (migrating). 5. Anas sponsa (in large numbers). 6. Anas crecca, querquedula, discors, and other species. 7. Fringilla erythrophthalma.

In December a few of the following:

Fringilla erythrophthalma.

In the second half of January:

Columba migratoria. (This was due to the mildness of the winter.)

In February, returned:

_Beginning_:

1. Anas sponsa. 2. Anas rufitorques. 3. Anas crecca. 4. Anas acuta. 5. Icterus phöniceus.

_Middle and end_:

6. Falcones. 7. Fringilla erythrophthalma. 8. Scolopax. 9. Turdus migratorius. 10. Grus canadensis (flight of cranes). 11. Quiscalus versic. 12. Quiscalus ferrugineus.

In the first part of March the following appeared in the region around Harmony:

1. Anser albifrons. 2. Anser canadensis. 3. Quisc. ferrugineus. 4. Quisc. versicolor. 5. Icterus phoeniceus. 6. Larus? (fourth of March seen on the Wabash). 7. Grus canadensis (on the fifth of March Anser canadensis also appeared). 8. Fringilla purpurea (on the tenth of March). 9. Scolopax. 10. Fringa? 11. Hirundo? (on the fourteenth of March the first flight of swallows occurred).

* * * * * *

Transcriber's note:

Simple spelling, grammar, and typographical errors were silently corrected.

Anachronistic and non-standard spellings retained as printed.