CHAPTER XXVI.

HOW WILLIAM DIED, AND WAS BURIED AT CAEN.

William lay ill six weeks; his sickness was heavy and increased. He made confession of his sins to the bishops and abbots, and the tonsured priests, and afterwards received the CORPUS DOMINI. He dispossessed himself of his wealth, devising and apportioning it all: and caused his prisoners to be set free, giving them quittance of all claims. His brother Odo the bishop he also set at liberty; which he would not have done so soon, if he had thought he should live. He had arrested him in the Isle of Wic[1], and brought him and put him in prison at Rouen. He was said to be crafty and rapacious beyond all bounds; and when seneschal to the king, he was so cruel and treacherous to every one, that all England complained, rich and poor together. He had privily consulted his friends as to whether a bishop could be king, hoping to succeed should William die first; for he trusted in his great power, and the multitude of the followers that he had attached to himself by his large words and foolish boasts, and by the promises he made. The king therefore thought very ill of him, and held him in great suspicion.

When he had ordered him to be seized, for not rendering his account of the revenue that he had collected in England while he held it for the king, there was no baron who would touch him, or durst put forth his hand against him. Then the king himself sprang boldly forward, and seized him by the 'ataches,' and drew him forth out of the circle of his friends; "I arrest thee," said he, "I arrest thee." "You do me wrong," said Odo; "I am a bishop and bear crozier, and you ought not to lay hand on me." "By my head," quoth the king, "but I ought; I will seize the earl of Kent my bailiff and steward, who has not accounted to me for my kingdom that he has held." Thus was the bishop put in custody, and so remained for four years; for the ship was ready and the wind fair, and he was put on board, and carried by sea to Rouen, and kept in the tower there four years, and was not like to come out thence till the king should die.

On the morn of the eighth day of September the king died, and left this world as the hour of PRIME[2] struck; he heard it well, and asked what it was that was striking. Then he called upon God as far as his strength sufficed, and on our holy Lady, the blessed Mary, and so departed, while yet speaking, without any loss of his senses or change in speech.

Many a feat of arms had he done; and he had lived sixty and four years; for he was only seven years old when duke Robert took the cross and went to Jerusalem.

At the time when the king departed this world, many of his servants were to be seen running up and down, some going in, others coming out, carrying off the rich hangings and the tapestry, and whatever they could lay their hands upon. One whole day elapsed before the corpse was laid upon the bier; for they who were before wont to fear him, now left him lying alone.

But when the news spread, much people gathered together, and bishops and barons came in long procession; and the body was well tended, opened, anointed, embalmed, and carried to Caen as he had commanded. There was no bishop in the province, nor abbot, earl, or noble prince, who did not repair to the interment of the body, if he could; and there were besides many monks, priests, and clerks.

When they had duly arranged the body, they sang aloud 'LIBERA ME.' They carried it to the church[3], but the bier was yet outside the door when behold! a cry was heard which alarmed all the people, that the town was on fire; and every one rushed thither, save the monks who remained by the body. When the fire was quenched the people returned back, and they took the body within the church; and the clerks did their office, and all with good will chaunted 'REQUIEM ETERNAM.'

While they were yet engaged in preparing the grave where the corpse was to lie, and the bishops and the barons stood around, lo! a vavassor, whose name was Acelin, the son of Arthur, came running and burst through the throng. He pressed boldly forward, and mounted aloft upon a stone, and turned towards the bier and appealed to the clerks and bishops, while all the people gazed upon him. "Lords," cried he aloud, "hearken unto me! I warn all and forbid ye, by Jesu the almighty, and by the apostle of Rome--by greater names I cannot adjure ye--that ye inter not William in the spot where ye are about to lay him. He shall not commit trespass on what is my right, for the greater part of this church is my right and of my fee, and I have no greater right in any of my lands. I neither sold nor pledged it, forfeited it, nor granted it away. He made no contract with me, and I received no price for it from him. By force he took it from me, and never afterwards offered to do me right. I appeal him therefore by name, that he do me right, in that judgment where all alike go, before him who lieth not. Before ye all I summon him by name, that he on that day render me justice for it!"

When he had said this, he came down. Forthwith arose great clamour in the church, and there was such tumult that no one could hear the other speak. Some went, others came; and all marvelled that this great king, who hsrd conquered so much, and won so many cities, and so many castles, could not call so much land his own as his body might lie within after death.

But the bishops called the man to them, and asked of the neighbours, whether what he had said were true; and they answered that he was right; that the land had been his ancestors' from father to son. Then they gave him money, to waive his claim without further challenge. Sixty sols gave they to him, and that price he took, and released his claim to the sepulchre where the body was placed. And the barons promised him that he should be the better for it all the days of his life[4]. Thus Acelin was satisfied, and then the body was interred.

[Footnote 1: Wight.]

[Footnote 2: HORA PRIMA, six in the morning.]

[Footnote 3: The church of the abbey of St. Stephen, which has been mentioned before, p. 63 and 64, as founded by William, at the same period as that of the Trinity was founded by his queen Matilda.]

[Footnote 4: _Orderic_ explains that this price was only for the mere grave; the promise of future benefit appearing there to be realized by the subsequent purchase of all the ground claimed by Ascelin. We add that historian's oratorical summary of the striking circumstances attending the conqueror's death and interment. 'Non fictilem tragœdiam venundo; non loquaci comœdiâ cachinnantibus parasitis faveo: sed studiosis lectoribus varios eventus veraciter intimo. Inter prospera patuerunt ad versa, ut terrerentur terrigenarum corda. Rex quondam potens et bellicosus, multisque populis per plures provincias metuendus, in area jacuit nudus, et a suis, quos genuerat vel aluerat, destitutus. Ære alieno in funebri cultu indiguit, ope gregarii pro sandapila et vespilionibus conducendis eguit, qui tot hactenus et superfluis opibus nimis abundavit. Secus incendium a formidolosis vectus est ad Basilicam, liberoque solo, qui tot urbibus et oppidis et vicis principatus est, caruit ad sepulturam. Arvina ventris ejus tot delectamentis enutrita cum dedecore patuit, et prudentes ac infrunitos, qualis sit gloria carnis, edocuit.' _Benoit_ paraphrases these reflections more poetically than is usual with him.]

CONCLUSION

KING WILLIAM'S CHARACTER, FROM THE SAXON CHRONICLE[1].

Las! how false and how unresting is this earth's weal! He that before was a rich king, and lord of many lands, had then of all his lands but seven feet space; and he that was whilom clad with gold and gems, lay there overspread with mould! If any one wish to know what manner of man he was, or what worship he had, or of how many lands he were the lord, then will we write of him, as we have known him; for we looked on him, and somewhile dwelt in his herd[2].

This king William that we speak about was a very wise man, and very rich; more worshipful and stronger than any his foregangers were. He was mild to the good men that loved God, and beyond all metes stark to those who withsaid his will. On that same stede where God gave him that he should win England, he reared a noble minster, and set monks there and well endowed it.

Eke he was very worshipful. Thrice he bore his king-helm[3] every year, as oft as he was in England. At Easter he bore it at Winchester; at Pentecost at Westminster; at midwinter at Glocester. And then were with him all the rich men over all England; archbishops and diocesan bishops; abbots and earls; thanes and knights. Truly he was eke so stark a man and wroth, that no man durst do any thing against his will. He had earls in his bonds, who had done against his will. Bishops he setoff their bishoprics; and abbots off their abbacies; and thanes in prisons. And at last he did not spare his brother Odo; him he set in prison. Betwixt other things we must not forget the good frith[4] that he made in this land; so that a man that was worth aught might travel over the kingdom with his bosom full of gold unhurt. And no man durst slay another man, though he had suffered never so mickle evil from the other.

He ruled over England, and by his cunning he so thoroughly surveyed it, that there was never a hide of land in England that he wist not both who had it, and what its worth was; and he set it down in his writ[5]. Britland[6] was under his weald, and therein he wrought castles. And he wielded Mann-cynn[7] withal. Scotland he subdued by his mickle strength. Normandy was his by kin; and over the earldom that is called Mans he ruled. And if he might have lived yet two years, he had won Ireland by his worship[8], and without any armament.

Truly in his time men had mickle swinking, and very many hardships. He let castles be wrought, and poor men to be sorely swinked. The king was so very stark; and he took from his subjects many marks of gold, and many hundred pounds of silver: and that he took of his people, some by right, and some by mickle unright, for little need. He had fallen into covetousness, and greediness he loved withal.

The king and the head men loved much and over much the getting in of gold and silver; and recked not how sinfully it was got, so it but came to them. He let his lands to fine as dear as he dearest might. Then came some and bade more than the first had given; and the king let it to him that bade more. Then came a third, and bade yet more; and the king let it to the man who bade the most. Nor did he reck how sinfully his reeves got money of poor men, or how unlawfully they did. But the more men talked of right law, the more they did against law.

He set many deer-friths; and he made laws there-with, that whosoever should slay hart or hind, him man should blind. And as he forbade the[9] harts, so eke did he the boars. He loved the high deer as much as if he were their father. Eke he set as to the hares, that they should go free. His rich men bemoaned it, and the poor men murmured, but he was so firm that he recked not the hatred of them all; and they must withal follow the king's will, if they would live, or have lands or goods, or his favour.

Wa-la-wa! that any man should be so moody, so to upheave himself, and think himself above all other men! May almighty God have mild-heartedness on his soul, and give him forgiveness of his sins!

These things we have written of him, both good and evil, that men may choose the good after their goodness; and withal flee from evil, and go on the way that leadeth us to Heaven's kingdom.

[Footnote 1: The _Saxon chronicler_, who had frequented the Conqueror's court, furnishes us with a cotemporary portrait. It is less flattering than that of the Norman poet, but forms a suitable commentary and conclusion. In our translation the phraseology, and generally the very words, of the original are retained.]

[Footnote 2: Court.]

[Footnote 3: Crown.]

[Footnote 4: Peace.]

[Footnote 5: This is an allusion to _Domesday Book_, which had been more fully described in a previous part of the _Saxon Chronicle_, and probably by another hand. The description of that document by the continuer of _Wace's Brut_ is as follows:

--volenters voleit saver D'Engletere la tenor, E la laise e la longnur, Toz les feez e les tenemenz E les servises de tote genz, Quant de conteez i sunt trové E quant de viles en chascon conté, Quant de barons la terre avoit E cumbien de terre chascon tenoit, Quanz de feez de chevaliers E cumbien de franc-fermers, Les serganties e les sokages, Les petiz sokemen e les vilenages; Cumbien des charues en chascon vile, E kant de boueez en la charue; Cumbien de terre chascon home avoit, E en quele manère il la tenoit, E quel servise faire devoit, E quei sa terre valer purreit. Tuit ensemble fist enquerre Par serement par mie la terre, Od grant diligenz ceo fist escrivre E de ceo en fist un grant livre. Le livre est _Domesday_ apelé E en la trésorie le roi uncore guardé.]

[Footnote 6: Wales.]

[Footnote 7: The Isle of Man?]

[Footnote 8: The fame of his strength.]

[Footnote 9: Reserved to himself, or forbade others, the slaying of the harts.]

APPENDIX

OF

ADDITIONAL NOTES AND CORRECTIONS.

PAGE 14. The position of Folpendant is shown on ancient maps, north of Harcourt. It is certainly a little removed from the river, the Orne; but Wace's phrase does not necessarily imply immediate contact. He probably meant that they crossed the river about, or near, or opposite Folpendant.

PAGE 44. _Town_ of Arches, in line 13, should be _Tower_.

PAGE 60. The translation is not precisely correct as to the causes of loss and of the rupture of the bridge at Varavile; instead of the _water_, (in the last line,) read the _sea_ or _tide_.

PAGE 71. A century before the revival and enrichment of the abbey of Westminster by Edward, its church was rich enough to boast an organ, that required seventy strong men to keep its twenty-six bellows in action. The following description of this unwieldy machine is quoted (from Ducange) in the _Mém. des Antiq. Norm_. vol. i. 673, from a latin poem of Wolstan, a monk of Westminster.

Bisseni supra sociantur in ordine _folles,_ Inferiusque jacent quatuor atque decem: Quos agitant validi septuaginta viri, Brachia versantes, multo et sudore madentes. Certatimque suos quisque movet socios, Viribus ut totis impellant flamina sursum, Et rugiat pleno capsa referta sinu, Sola quadragintas quæ sustinet ordine musas.

PAGE 79. The LIVRE here seems to mean the pound weight of silver.

PAGE 83. _Benoit de Sainte-More's_ account of Harold's oath and agreement with duke William:

Si josta li dux son concile, Ce sui lisant, à Bone vile. Là fu li serremenz jurez, Que Heraut meisme a devisez, Que tant cum Ewart vivreit mais Le regne li tendreit en pais, Selon sa force, au suen poeir, Senz fausser et senz déceveir; E après qu'il sereit feniz, Ci que del regne fust saisiz, li tendreit vers toz homes nez De ci qu'il i fust coronez; E dès ceu jor en avant L'en sera mais partot aidant; Douvre, la tor e le chastel, Si fort cum il est e si bel, Baillera sempres bien garniz E de vitaille repleniz A ceus des suens qui lui plaira, Qu'il à garder i trametra; E s'aillors vout chasteaus fermer Desus le rivage de mer, Despense e vivre e estoveir, Trovera tot de son aveir. Eissi sor tot le saintuaire Qu'on li vout aporter ne traire Jura de sa main à tenir, Senz rien fausser e senz guenchir.

E li dux, por lui mieuz aveir Senz fausser e senz déceveir E senz muer vers lui corage, Aeliz la proz e la sage. Sa fille, li ottreie e done, Quant saisiz ert de la corone, E del regne une meitié. Mult en vout cil baisier le pié. Iteux furent lor covenanz.

PAGE 98. For _Easter_ should be read _Noël_ (Christmas). _Benoit de Sainte-More's_ account of the messages between Harold and William is as follows:

A Heraut tramist ses messages, Vaillanz e bien apris e sages; Si li manda qu'il aveit fait, Kar ce li ert dit e retrait Que la corone aveit saisie; Mais ne féist teu félonie, Car tote genz saveit assez Cum li regnes li ert donez. Il meesmes tot premerain Li asséura de sa main. Ne se parjurt ne se desleit; Mais rende-li, si cum il deit, L'onor, le regne e la corone Que dreitore e raison li done; Kar sache bien, si n'en dot mie, Tant cum li seit eu cors la vie, N'aura repos mais ne séjor Ci que saisiz seit del honor. Icist messages li fu faiz E diz e contez e retraiz; Mais mult li respondi petit Fors orguil, contraire e despit; Ainz ceus qui od lui se tenissent E voluntiers li recoillissent, Coveneit doner séurtances E fers ostages e tenances.

PAGE 101. _Benoit de Sainte-More's_ account of the council of Norman barons:

Cel ovraigne fist à saveir A ses évesques hauz letrez, E à ses chers barons privez, Que li furent ami feeil, E que il sout de haut conseil.

Roberz, li quens de Moretoin, Qui unt de malveisté n'out soing, Sis bons frères verais e cerz, E li quens d'Ou, li proz Roberz, Li quens d'Evereus, li sachanz, Richarz li proz e li vaillanz, E de Beaumunt li quens Rogers, Qui mult ert saives chevaliers, E Roger de Mungumeri, N'est dreiz que lui vos en obli, E Guillaume le fiz Osber, Qui puis li out maint grant mester, E Huges, li vesquens, li proz. Icist, si cum je's vos nom toz, Li conseillièrent e loèrent, E tuit enfin s'i accordèrent, Que il féist Heraut requerre De la corone e de la terre, Saveir e aprendre e oïr Cum il s'en voudra contenir; E, son ce qu'il en respondra, Solom ice se contendra; Ses messages tost li tramete E tant dementres s'entremete De faire assembler la navie De par trestote Normendie; Semunge veisins e amis E ceus qui à lui sunt sozmis, Que teus apareiz e si granz Ne fu jostez mais par Normanz, N'ovre el siècle si envaïe Que ci seit lor morz ou lor vie.

PAGE 115. _Benoit de Sainte-More's_ account of the apostolic grant to duke William:

L'apostoile se fist mult liez Dunt si s'esteit humiliez; Apostolial ottreiance, Son le poeir de sa puissance, L'en comanda e vout e dist E par ses lettres li escrist Que del conquerre ne se feigne; Od tot li tramist une enseigne De saint Père, por demostrer Qu'à ce li volent ajuer. Autorité sera e feiz Que c'est sa corone e sis dreiz Qu'il vout conquerre: si'n auront Tuit cil qui oue lui seront Partot mult maire séurtance Que ne lor vienge meschaance.

PAGE 115. The parallel accounts of the comet in _Wace, Benoit,_ and _Gaimar_, are as follow:

WACE.

El terme ke ço estre dut Une esteile grant apparut, E quatorze jors resplendi. Od très lons rais deverz midi; Tele esteile soit l'en veir Quant novel rei deit regne aveir. Asez vi homes ki la virent, Ki ainz e poiz lunges veskirent: Comete la deit apeler Ki des esteiles volt parler.

BENOIT.

Dunc en ces jorz si faitement Aparut sus el firmament, Une clartez e un planète. Une resplendisanz comète, Dunt en eisseient trei grant rai. Ce lis e truis e vei e sai Que quinze nuiz durèrent bien. Si distrent astrenomien Que c'ert de regnes muemenz Ou de reis ou de hautes genz.

GAIMAR.

Après lur mort une comète, Une estoille, dont li prophète Et li bon astronomien, Sievent q'espeant mal ou bien, Se démustra el firmament; Assez la virent meinte gent La nuit de Letanie majour Fist tel clarté cum se fust jour. Moult plusours homes l'esgardèrent: Chascuns disoit sa divinaille; Mès tost seurent la grant contraille, E la grant tribulacion Qe prius avint à la région.

PAGE 118. _Benoit's_ account of leaders particularly distinguished at Hastings:

A cel estor, à cel content, Dunt ci vos di e dunt je vos cont, Robert fiz Roger de Beaumunt Vos di qui fu teus chevaliers, Si proz, si hardiz e si fiers E si aidanz que ceste istoire Me fait de lui mult grant mémoire. Mult redélivrent forz les places Il e ses genz quens Eustaces. Si n'a durée acer ne fer. Vers Guillaume le fiz Osber, Qu'Engleis ateigne si garniz De la mort ne puisse estre fiz. Chevaliers i est forz e durs E sage e sofranz e séurs; E li bons visquens de Toarz N'i est ne mauvais ne coarz, Qui ert apelé Eimeris; Mult i reçut le jor grant pris. Gauter Gifart, savum de veir, Qui out le jor grant estoveir, Qu'abatuz fu de son destrier Eissi que cinc cenz chevalier Des lor l'aveient jà outré, Toz ert li secors oublié, Quant li bons dux de Normendie Od l'espée d'acer forbie L'ala secorre e délivrer E faire sempres remonter. En si fait lieu n'iert mais retrait Que tel esforz cum ceu seit fait Par un prince qui au munt vive. Nus ne content ne nus n'estrive Que le pris n'en fust suens le jor De la bataille e del estor; Poi out de mort crieme e regart A rescorre Gauter Gifart. N'en i r'out gaires de plus buens Qui fu le jor Hues li quens, E Guillaume cil de Warenne R'ida à conquerra le regne Cum buens chevalers e hardiz.

PAGE 119. The wonders of the forest of Brecheliant may be found in the extracts from the _Chevalier au Lion_, and the _Roman de Brun de la Montagne_, printed in M. le Roux de Lincy's _Livre des Legendes_, vol. i. page 225 and 260.

PAGE 135. _Benoit's_ account of the commencement of Tosti's expedition:

Un frère aveit Heraut puisnez, Qui Tostis esteit apelez. Ne trais pas bien apertement Por qu'il erent si malement. Au duc s'en ert Tostis venu, Qui mult l'aveit gent recéu E chers tenuz e honorez E ses riches aveirs donez. Chevaliers ert e bons vassaus, Prozdom e entiers e leiaus; Merveilles out grant desier D'aler son frère guerreier, De tolir chasteaus e citez; Kar trop s'ert vers lui maumenez, Mult volentiers e bonement, Od le haut conseil de sa gent, Li quist li dux tot estoveir, Nefs, gens, armes à son voleir. Eissi corut à grant esforz Vers Engleterre dreit as porz.

PAGE 136. _Benoit's_ account of the private advice given to William from England:

Un produem riche e assazez Qui de Normendie esteit nez, Mais en cele terre maneit, Où richement se conteneit; Certainement, de veir, senz faille, Sout cum il ert de la bataille Où Heraut out son frère occis. Un mult séur messages a pris, Si'l tramist au duc erraument. A desséu de tote gent, Dist-li qu'il ert e dunt veneit E qui à lui le trameteit; Après li a l'ovre contée Que sis sire li out mandée, Coment Heraut s'ert combatuz Qui ceus de Norwège out vencuz, E ocis son frère e le rei E ceus qu'il amena od sei, Où plus aveit de vint milliers. De là retorne forz e fiers, Od plus a de cent mile armez. Od poples teus ne fu jostez. "De tei trover unt teu desir Jà n'i cuident à tens venir. Gart, pren conseil, ne t'asséure, Kar périllose est l'ovre e dure. Tant as éu honor e pris, Gar qu'or ne seies entrepris, Ne de haster pas de combatre De metre ta gent ne d'embatre En leu par trop fol ovre enprise Où ele seit morte e occise, Ne tu abaissiez ne périz." "Amis, fait li dux, granz merciz Bien fist ton seignor del mander E bien en fait à mercier; Mais tant li di que je li mant. Qui damne-Deu trait à garant, Qui il conduit e tient e maine, Qui juste cause a dreite e saine, En liu d'aveir, honor e gloire, Valor e puissance e victoire, Deit bien aveir, s'en lui a fei. Tot eissi le quit-je de mei, Kar j'ai dreit e mun dreit demant E lui trai partot à garant. Si'l conquerra; kar contre lui N'a nus ne force ne refui, Valor, défense ne poeir. Or seit del tot au suen voleir.

PAGE 145. The following is the legend referred to in the note, as contained in the continuation of Wace's _Brut d'Angleterre_, as to Harold's employment on the morning of the battle. The proper version, however, of the story ought obviously to lay the scene at Waltham, and consequently at an earlier date. It is so told, in fact, in the Waltham legends,--Cott. MSS. Jul. D. vi. and Harleian, No. 3776.

Li rois, ki mult fu travaille, La nuit se est reposé; Par matin se est levé, Sa messe oïr est alé, Assez près à un moster Son chapelain fist chanter. Quant li prestres out sacré E la PATER NOSTER chanté, Este-vus ke vient la crié: "Le dux sur nus vient armé!" Li rois, ki oï la crié, Durement estoit affraé; De la messe tan tost se mist, As armes corut sanz respit. Si le AGNUS DEI eust atendu E la PAIS eust recéu, Par pais eust la terre tenu, U par bataille le dux vencu. Quant il issit del moster, La croiz, ke fu fait de père, Après le rois ad encliné C'onques puis la teste levé. Ki ke volt ceo saver, A Walteham, ultre le halt auter, Meimes eel croiz purra trover E roi Haraud gisant en quer.

PAGE 177. As to the English standard see below, additional note to p. 252.

PAGE 191. _Benoit's_ account of Taillefer's exploits:

Uns Taillefer, ce dit l'escriz, I aveit mult grant pris conquis; Mais il i fu morz e occis. Tant esteit grant sis hardemenz Qu'en mi les presses de lor genz Se colout autresi séur Cume s'il i fust clos de mur; E puis qu'il out plaies mortex, Puis i fu-il si proz e teus Que chevalier de nul parage N'i fist le jor d'eus teu damage.

_Gaimar's_ version of the story is as follows:

Quant les escheles furent rengées Et de férir appareillées, Mult i out genz d'ambes dous parz; De hardement semblent léoparz. Un des François donc se hasta, Devant les autres chevaucha. Talifer ert cil appellez, Juglère hardi estait assez; Armes avoit et bon cheval, Si ert hardiz et noble vassal. Devant les autres cil se mist, Devant Englois merveilles fist; Sa lance prist par le tuet Si com ceo fust un bastonet, Encontremont halt l'engetta Et par le fer receue l'a. .Iij. fois issi getta sa lance, La quarte foiz puis s'avance, Entre les Englois la launça, Par mi le cors un en navera, Puis trest s'espée, arère vint, Et getta l'espée qu'il tint, Encontremont haut le receit. L'un dit al autre, qi ceo veit, Qe ceo estoit enchantement. Cil se fiert devant la gent Quant .iij. foiz out getté l'espée. Le cheval ad la goule baée, Vers les Englois vint eslessé. Auquanz quident estre mangé Pur le cheval q'issi baout. Li jugléour enprès venout, Del espée fiert un Engleis, Le poign li fet voler maneis; Un autre férit tant cum il pout, Mau guerdon le jour en out; Car li Englois de totes parz Li launcent gavelocs et darz, Si l'occistrent et son destrer: Mar demanda le coup primer.

PAGE 210. Greater authority should, perhaps, be assigned to the Bec record, from the fact that the author of part of it was one of the family, namely, Milo Crespin, cantor Becci, probably before 1150.

PAGE 211. The pedigree of the Roumares, and their illustrious connections, is now fully elucidated, in correction of Dugdale, &c. by Mr. Stapleton, in Bowles's _History of Lacock Abbey_. Wace lived in the time of all three of the Williams. The second died in 1152, before his father the earl, who made a pilgrimage to St. James. Both Roger (or more properly Robert) and his father Gerold the dapifer, were living at the conquest. Robert is the Robertus filius Giroldi of Domesday, then possessor of Corfe Castle.

PAGE 213. In the Adas to vol. viii. of _Mémoires des Antiquaires Norm._ there are two seals of Fulks D'Aunou, from charters to the abbey of Gouffern. In the first, of the twelfth century, the name is written FULCONIS DE ALNUIO; in the second, of the thirteenth century, it stands FULCONIS DÑI DE ALNETO, MILITIS.

PAGE 213. See the descent of Tancarville, in common with that of Roumare, elucidated by Mr. Stapleton's evidence in Bowles's _Hist. of Lacock Abbey_, p. 69.

PAGE 221--236. See considerable information as to the family of VITRÉ in the _Hist. of Lacock_, p. 264.

PAGE 222. The Epinay here referred to must clearly be Epinay-Tesson, arrondissement of Bayeux. Our reference to Hardy's _Rot. Norm_, should be to p. 16, as quoted before at p. 208.

PAGE 227. As to Brix and Bruis, see further Mr. Stapleton, in Bowles's _Hist. of Lacock Abbey_, p. 76.

PAGE 231. Robert de Oilgi and Roger de Ivri furnish an instance of the sworn brotherhood in arms, which occurs among the early Normans; see _Introd. Domesday_, i. 458. Eudo filius Spirewic, the ancestor of the Tateshalls, is another well known example. He fraternized with Pinco; and they received a joint reward, comprising the barony of Tateshall in Lincolnshire.

PAGE 232. The families holding Sap and Gloz figure repeatedly in _Orderic. Vital._ who was their neighbour at St. Evroult. William de Gloz, the dapifer, is an important person in Orderic's strange story (lib. viii. 695.) of the monk who saw the ghosts of the evil doers suffering their penances.

PAGE 234. For _Werlene_, read _Werlenc_.

PAGE 237. In the sixth line of the notes _Dunfront_ should be _Domfront_; and in the ninth line for _and_, read _who_.

PAGE 244. See the quotation above, in this appendix, in reference to page 118.

PAGE 252. The Bayeux Tapestry exhibits,--both as borne aloft near Harold and also as lying by his feet,--a curious sort of ensign, standard, or military ornament, apparently representing a DRAGON. The CROSS generally appears on its Norman gonfanons. It may be here noticed that Wace, vol. i. p. 201, mentions that the gonfanon borne by the baron appointed to lead the Normans in 945 under Richard I. was 'vermeille d'Espagne.'

PAGE 254. _Benoit's_ account of the result of the battle:

Ainz que partist icil tooilz, Fu reis Heraut morz abatuz, Par mi les deus costez féruz De treis granz lances acérées, E par le chef de dous espées Qui entrèrent jusqu'as oreilles Que les plantes en out vermeilles.

In _L'Estoire de Seint Edward_ we only find,

Li rois féruz en l'oil d'unt dart Chet e tost est défulez, Périz, ocist e adirez; E sun estandart abatuz, E li ostz d'Engleiz vencus; E murut i quens Gruith si frère, E quens Leuwine.

PAGE 258. _Benoit's_ account of Harold's interment:

Li reis Heraut fu séveliz; E si me retrait li escriz Que sa mère por lui aveir Vout au due doner grant aveir; Mais n'en vout unques dener prendre Ne por riens nule le cors rendre; Mais à un Guillaume Malet, Qui n'ert tosel pas ne vaslet, Mais chevaliers dura e vaillanz. Icist l'en fu taut depreianz Qu'il li dona à enfoïr Là où li vendreit à plaisir.

The continuer of Wace's _Brut_ says:

Ki ke volt ceo saver A Walteham, ultra le haut auter, Meimes cel croiz purra trover, E roi Harau gisant en quer;

and afterwards,

Heraud a Walteham fu porté Ilokes gist enterré.

The following is the account in L'_Estoire de Seint Ædward le rei_:

Le cors le roi Haraud unt quis E truvé entre les ocis; E pur ço ke il rois esteit, Granté est k'enterrez seit. Par la prière sa mère, Porté fu le cors en bère, A Wautham est mis en carcu; Kar de la maisun fundur fu.

The life of Harold in the Harl. MSS. 3776, will, we believe, be given in the _Chroniques Anglo-Normandes_, now publishing at Rouen. It is a very interesting story; though, as to the tale it records of Harold's escape, we may say with _Knyghton_, 'de istâ opinione fiat qualiter poterit.' It may be worth while to quote the following summary of that part of the legend which relates to this subject. "Harold was thought by his companions to be mortally wounded, and was, to all appearance, dead; but when the field of battle was examined, by some women searching for their friends, it was discovered that life still lingered in the body. By the care of two English franklins he was removed to Winchester, where his wounds were healed by the surgical skill of a certain cunning woman of oriental extraction; and, during two long years, he remained in concealment in an obscure dwelling. With the return of his wonted strength of body and energy of mind, a melancholy spectacle presented itself to him. He saw his kingdom under the dominion of a foreign enemy; he noticed the firmness with which the policy and courage of William had established him on the throne; and he every where marked the wide-spreading ramifications of the feudal system; attaching, by military tenure and self-interest, a sturdy Norman holder to each rood of subjugated England. His nobles were now petty franklins; his subjects were hereditary bondsmen. They had lost much of that independence of spirit which is born and dies with liberty; and they were contented hewers of wood, and drawers of water, for their new masters. They had made no effort to throw off the yoke which had been placed on their necks; town after town, and county after county, had submitted without opposition; and William, the conqueror of England, was now its crowned and acknowledged sovereign. Harold saw that foreign assistance was necessary, ere he could hope to redeem his country from the bondage of the invaders. His first attempt was to obtain aid from Saxony: in this he was unsuccessful. Thence he proceeded to Denmark, but found that a mission from William had secured the good graces, or, at least, the neutrality of that kingdom. The bitter disappointment originating in this ruin of his hopes was succeeded by another feeling; he recognised, in these baffled attempts, the workings of a superior power, admonishing him to abandon all idea of a restoration to the throne of England. New ideas and feelings awoke in his heart; his dreams of ambition and revenge were succeeded by humiliation and penance; he threw the helmet from his brow, and the mail from his breast, and went, a barefooted pilgrim, to the land of Palestine. During many years spent in this pious occupation, he subjected himself to the greatest privations and austerities. Warned by the approaching weakness of old age that his dissolution was at hand, he yielded to the desire which now haunted him of dying in the island which gave him birth. He landed at Dover; he climbed the lofty cliff; and again he saw the land which was once his own. Our legend does not expatiate upon the feelings which must have swelled within his breast as he gazed: we are told, however, that they were checked and subdued by the pre-dominating influence of religion, which had taught him to understand the relative happiness of his former and his present condition. Having assumed the name of Christian, and concealed his scarred features beneath a cowl, he journeyed through Kent, and arrived at a secluded spot in Shropshire, which the legend names Ceswrthin. Here he constructed himself a cell, in which he remained ten years; but at length he was compelled to seek some other abode; 'not,' says the legend, 'because he shrank from enduring the annoyances to which the Welsh frequently exposed him by beating him and stealing his clothes, but because he wished to devote the remainder of his existence to undisturbed meditation and prayer.' He left this cell without any definite idea as to his future residence; but having wandered to Chester, he there received a supernatural intimation that he would find a dwelling prepared for him in the chapel of St. James, within the churchyard of St. John the Baptist, situated upon the banks of the river Dee, a little beyond the walls of that city. Upon arriving at the spot thus pointed out, he found that a hermit, the late tenant of the cell, had recently expired, and he gladly took possession of the new residence thus provided for him. During the space of seven years which he spent in Chester, circumstances occurred which originated and gradually strengthened into certainty the suspicion that this recluse was a Saxon chief of former importance, if not Harold himself. When questioned as to his name and origin, he returned evasive answers, but never a direct negative to those who asserted that he was once the king of England. He admitted that he had been present at the battle of Hastings; and that no one was nearer or dearer to Harold the king than was Christian the hermit. But the approach of death revealed the secret, and converted doubt into certainty; for he acknowledged in his last confession that he was indeed the last Saxon king of England."

INDEX.

ABEVILE, 79 Abevile, Enguerran count of, 44 Abevile, Eustace de, 214 Abbey of Battel, 131, 143, 269 Acelin, the son of Arthur, 280 Adelidis, wife of Enguerran, 45, 103; wife of Odo, 45, 103, 210 Adela, William's daughter, 83, 85 Adela, wife of Baldwin, 62, 64 Aeliz, Richard's daughter, 9 Aimeri,--see Toarz. Aigle, Enguerran de l', 218 Alain Fergant, 118, 171, 245 Albini, Roger de, 157 Albini, Nigel de, 157 Albini, Will, de, 11, 30, 220, 236 Aldred, Archbishop, 267 Alemaigne, near Caen, 28 Alencon, 58 Alfred, son of Emma, 33, 35, 160 Alne, the river, 80 Alnei, sire de, 242 Alnou, sire de, 213, 240, 242, 301 Alred, king of England, 33 Amand, St. cry of 22, 25 Amineiz, 48 Aneto, Fulk de, 213 Anisie, the young men of, 211 Annebaut, the lord of, 239 Apostle, the, (Pope) releases Edward's vow, 70; sends gonfanon, 115, 293; English gonfanon sent to, 177 Arches, William of, 41; town and fort, 42, 289 Archers, the Norman, landing, 127; shoot upwards, 197 Argences, 18, 19 Argentoen, young men of, 211 Arlot of Falaise, 6 Armour, iron, of horses, 162 Arques,--see Arches. Asnebec, lord of, 239 Asnieres, Gilbert de, 232 Atheling, Edgar, 265 Aubin, St. battle near, 43 Aubemare, aire de, 211 Aubignie, the butler d', 219 Auge, 17, 49, 50 Aumale, sire de, 211 Auviler, sire de, 239 Avenel des Biarz, 219, 226 Avranches, 49 Avrencin, Richard d', 219

Bacon-Molei, 230, 242 Bacquevile, Nicholas de, 229 Baldwin of Flanders, 62, 64, 109, 111 Bans-le-Cunte, 45 Barbeflo, 34 Bardolf, Hue, 44 Baron, English, warns William, 135 Basque vile, Martels de, 228 Basteborc, 61 Bat (Bath), 174 Battel Abbey, 143; chronicle, 131; founded, 269 Bavent, 59 Bayeux, 45, 59; prebends of, 5, 30, Harold's oath at, 83; bishop of, 159, 194, 278 Beaumont-le-Roger, 102, 205 Bec-en-Caux, 170, 244 Bec-Crespin family, 209, 300 Bed and Bedefort, 174 Belfou, Robert sire de, 213 Belmont, 48 Belmont, Roger de, counsels William, 102; at Hastings, 205, 215; Robert de, 206, 294 Bellencombre, barony of Warren, 217 Belrem, Harold taken to, 80 Belveisin, 48, 109 Berangier, fords of, 19 Berenton, fountain of, 118 Berri, 49 Bertram, Robert, the tort, 226 Bertran, Fitz de Peleit, 118 Bessin, 13, 27, 58, 207 Bessin, Rencralf, viscount of, 9, 26, 207 Biarz, sire de, 219, 226 Bienfaite, Richard de, 232 Bigoz, the Normans called, 47 Bigot, comes Hugo, 169 Bigot, ancestor of Hueli, 235 Bigot, signet of, 235 Blois, 48 Bodeham (Bosham), 78 Boilogne, 171 Bokinkeham, 174 Bohun, Onfrei de, 217 Bolbec, Hue de, 232 Bolbec, Osbern de, 169 Bologne, Eustace de, 171, 214 Bonnesboz, sire de, 232 Boorges, 49 Borbillon, mills of, 28 Botevilain, lord of, 237 Brai, the men of, v, 218 Brecheliant, forest of, 118, 295 Brehal, men of, 227 Bretons, 171, 225, 245 Breteuil, William de, 95, 101, 105, 162,171,233 Breteuil, archers of, 227 Briçun, St. feast of, 160 Bricasart, Renouf de, 9, 26, 207, 218 Brichesire, 174 Brictrich Man, 64 Brie, 48 Bridge of Varavile, 60 Bridge of London, 255 Briencort, sire de, 241 Brionne, 10, 28, 209, 232 Briquebec castle, 227 Brittany, Harold taken to, 83 Brius, the men of, 227 Bruce, family of, 227 Brucort, lord of, 241, 302 Buckenham, barony of, 221, 229 Burguigne, Guy of, 9, 29 Butlery, grand serjeantry by, 221 Byls, Saxon, 175, 201

Caborc, 61 Caen, 18, 45, 64, 211; abbey at, 64, 280; William buried at, 280; unfortified, 59 Cahagnes, lord of, 232 Caillie, lord of, 229, 230 Canterbury, 174; archbishop of, 76, 264; submission of, 264 Cantilena Rollandi, 189 Carmen de bello Hastingensi, 44, 132, 189 Cartrai Onfrei de, 217 Cauchois, 17 Caudebec, 45 Caux, 48, 49; knights of, 238 Cemeteries, refuge in, 132 Centumvillis, Osmund de, 213 Chaignes, lord of, 232 Chanon, Bigot's lands at, 234 Chartrain, 49 Chasteillun, 49 Chastel-Landun, 49 Chats, Ilbert de, 216 Chief de Faucon, 27 Cingueleiz, 18, 223 Cingueleiz, Raol Tesson de, 19, 223 Cintheaux, lord of, 230 Clare, Richard of, 233 Clement, fords of St. 12, 45 Cognizances at Valesdunes, vii, 22; at Hastings, 172 Columbieres, William de, 232 Combrai, sire de, 242 Comet, 115, 293 Communes, 19 Conches, Raol de, 168 Constance of France, 62, 64 Constable of France, 48 Cotentin, the, 12, 23, 49; barons of, 207 Couci, sire de, 218 Council, William's, at Caen, 65; at Bayeux, 83; at Lillebonne, 104, 292; at London, 267 Council of the English, as to William's overtures, 151 Council at London, to elect William, 267 Coutances cathedral, 167; bishop of, 157, 208 Courcelles, fief of, 230 Courcy, aire de, 222; seneschal de, 230 Crespin, William, at Mortemer, 49; at Hastings, 214 Crespin, Gilbert, 11, 49, 209 Crespin, Milo, 231, 300 Crespin family, 170 Crespin pedigree, 209, 300 Crievecœur, sire de, 241 Cross on Norman standard, 302

Daubigny,--see Albini. Decimation of Alfred's troops, 35, 161 De la Mare, sire, 212 D'Eu, Rob. count, 49, 101, 246 Dex-aie, 22, 200 Dinan, sire de, 118 Diviner, fate of the, 128 Dives, river, 60 D'Oilie, lord, 231 Domesday book, 285 Dorset, 174 Dover, 34; siege of, 262 Draschiers, 47 Driencort, sire de, 241, 302 Drogo de Bevrere, 113

Eaulne, river, 80 Ecouis, 54 Eddeva pulchra, 258 Edgar Atheling, 265 Edif, Edward's Queen, 37, 76 Edmund, St. (Bury), 72, 174, 246 Edward Confessor chosen king, 37; visited by William, 66; banishes Godwin, 67; restores Westminster, 68; gives his kingdom, 72, 89; death of, 94; his laws adopted, 268 Ele, William's daughter, 83, 85 Ely, isle of, 35, 160 Embassies between Harold and William, 136, 149 Emma, wife of Alred, 33, 37 Enarmes, 202 English army, 173, 184; their armour, 176; revelry, 156; defeated, 254 Enguerran of Ponthieu, 44, 103 Entre-sains, vii, 22, 172 Epinay, sire de, 222, 301 Escus for esterlins, 139 Espine, sire de, 222, 301 Esquai, 25 Essex, 174, 250 Estampes, 49 Estotevile, sire de, 214 Eu, Robert count of, 49, 101, 246 Eudo, dapifer, 13, 29, 103, 236 Eudo cum capello, 103, 212, 235, 237 Eurowic (York), 136, 174 Eustace of Bologne, 193, 205, 214, 295 Eustace of Abeville, 214 Evreux, 17, 50 Evreux, William son of the count of, 205 Eye, Malet's castle at, 206 Excommunication of the English, 151

Fairies of Brittany, 118 Falaise, 10, 24, 211 Fall, William's, at landing, 130 Feast, William's, at landing, 128 Felgieres, Lord of, 208 Fergant, Alan, 118, 171, 245 Ferrieres, Walkelin de, 8 Ferrieres, Hen. sire de, 208 Ferté, sire de la, 236 Fescamp, 137, 244 Fitz-Bertran de Peleit, 118 Fitz-Erneis, Robert 239 Fitz-Grip, Hugh, 229 Fitz-Gilbert, Richard, 232 Fitz-Gilbert, Baldwin, 242 Fitz-Hamon, Robert, 24, 241 Fitz-Osbern, William, consoles the duke, 95; counsels him, 101; manages the barons, 105; urges to fight, 162; leads a division, 171, 216, 295 Fitz-Rou, Turstin, bears the gonfanon, 170, 209, 244 Flanders, 48; aid from, 111 Flanders, count of, 62, 64; refuses aid, 111; accused by Harold, 184 Fleet, the Norman, 108, 120, 130 Folpendant, 14, 289 Fontenay, 28 Fontenay, sire de, 223, 242 Fort, built before Arques, 42; built on William's landing, 128; at Dover, 262 Fosse, the, which embarrassed the Norman army, 193 France, Henry, king of, at Valdesdunes, 17; at Arques, 43; at Mortemer, 47; at Varaville, 57; his death, 62 France, Philip, king of, 62; refusal to assist William, 109; demands service for England, 269; jokes on William, 271 French soldier's exploit, 201

Gael, Raol de, 225 Galeri, St. sire de, 246 Gant, Gilbert de, 113 Garenes, Will.--see Warren. Gascie, lord of, 231 Gedeford, (Guildford), 35, 160 Germer, St., 109 Gerveis, St., 30; William dies at, 273. Gherbod of Chester, 113 Ghita, Harold's mother, 75, 258 Giffart, Walter, at Mortemer, 49; counsels William, 101; brings horse from Spain, 167; refuses gonfanon, 169; lord of Bolbec, 232; remonstrates against supping, &c. on field, 256, 295 Gisarmes, 174, 184 Gite, Harold's mother, 75, 258 Glos, sire de, 232, 301; William and Barnon de, 233 Godemite, English cry, 184 Godwin, account of, 34; his treason, 35, 160; banished, 67; gives pledges, and dies choked, 68 Golet, the fool, 10, 29 Gonfanons at Valdesdunes, vii, 21, 302 Gonfanon, Norman, under duke Richard I. 302 Gonfanon sent by the Pope, 115; borne by Turstin Fitz-Rou, 170, 244, 251; Harold's, 145, 177, 252, 254, 256, 302 Gornai, Hue de, at Mortemer, 49; at Hastings with his men of Brai, v, 217; at King Pepin's court, 218; Gornai arms, v, vii Goviz, lord of, 230 Grente-mesnil, vassal from, 216 Grez, 49 Grimoult del Plesseiz revolts, 10; death, lands given to the church of Bayeux; sister married to William de Albini, 30, 220 Gueldons, 168, 172, 176 Guildford, 35, 160 Gurth, 35, 177, 181, 184; advice to Harold, 142; breaks off negotiation, 153; reconnoitring, 144; is killed, 252 Guy the Burgundian revolts, 10; besieged, 29 Guy the bishop's poem, 44, 132, 189 Guy, count of Ponthieu, 44, 48, 53; takes Harold, 79

Haie-du-puits, family, 103, 212, 235; honor of, 236 Hamon-as-dens, revolts, 10; killed, 25 Hamo dapifer, 241 Hantone (Southampton), 34 Harcourt, sire de, 241 Harde, the knight, 26 Hardekanut, 33, 37 Harold, journey and capture, 75; knighted by William, 237; oath, 83, 290; asks the crown, 89; crowned, 98; conquers Tosti, 135; meets barons in London, 136; rejects Garth'B advice, 142; reconnoitres, 144, 298; rejects William's offers, 153; estimate of his army, 175; wounded, 198; killed, 252; buried at Waltham, 259; legend of his life, 259, 298, 303 Hastings, 124, 127, 135, 261; devastations round, 262 Hatchets, Danish, 184, 200 Haaberk, William's, reversed, 162 Henry, the three kings and dukes, 5 Henry, king of France--see France. Herecort, sire de, 241 Herfort, 174 Herluin, 102, 159 Herout, son of Kenut, 34,37 Hornet, the men and lord of, 227 Hontesire (Hampshire), 174 Horse, iron armour of, 162 Household officers of the Norman dukes, &c. 96 Hubert de Rie, saves William, 13; his family, 13 Hugh Lupus, 219, 295 Hugh Fitz-Grip, or of Wareham, 229 Humber, 134, 174 Huon, father of Salle, 30

Ingulf, 37 Iwun al Chapel, 102

Jago, St., 167 Jeffry, son of Rotro, 205, 216 Jeffery of Maine, 216 Jehan, men of St. 227, 236 Jort, sire de, 222

Karlemaine, song of, 189 Kent, 174; the men of, 250; their rights, 177 Kenut, 33 Knight, English, carrying news to Harold, 133

Lacie, sire de, 220; a knight of, 231

L'Aigle, Enguerran de, 218 Laison, river, 18 Lande, William Patric de la, 237 Lamare, sire de, 212 Landing of William in England, 128

Laws of the Confessor, 268 Leicester, Rob. earl of, 102, 206 Leun, 48

Lewine (Leofwin), Harold's brother, 145, 177 Lievin, 17, 49 Lillebonne, meeting at, 105 Lincoln, earl of, 211 Lindesie, 174 Lithaire, sire de, 212, 220 Loges, Bigot's lands at, 234 London, 70, 174, 182, 266; bridge broken, 255; Harold's meeting held there, 136, 141; rights of the men of, 177; attack upon, 265 Longueville,--see Giffart. Longue-espée, William, 5

Magnevile, sire de, 214 Mahelt, William's queen, 64, 110, 123 Maine, 171, 217; Jeffery de,217 Malet, William, 206, 258, 302 Malet, Vauquelin and William, 210 Malevrier, family of, 232 Malfossed, at Hastings, 193 Maltot, Bigot lands at, 234 Mans, bishop of, 108 Mantes, burning of, 272; William's accident at, 272 Mare, sire de la, 212 Mareschal family, 209 Marmion, Roger de, 223, 242 Margot, Huon, 137 Martin, sire de St., 214 Martel, lord of Basquevile, 229 Martel, Giffrei, 56, 57 Martel, William, 215 Matilda, William's queen, 64, 110, 123 Matoen, 24, 211 Maugier, 217 Mesine, Giffrei de, 217 Meance, 18 Mellant, 48; lineage of, 208 Meules, Baldwin de, 222 Mezi, 25 Mezodon, 18 Mitford and Bertram, 227 Moion, William de, 223 Molei, Bacon, 230, 242 Molina, dam William des, 215 Monceals, lord of, 230 Monfichet, sire de, 233 Montfort, Hugh de, 8; sire de, 207, 222 Montlheri, 49 Montjoie, cry of, 22 Montgomeri, Roger de, counsels William, 101; leads at Hastings, 171, 246; kills English knight, 201 Mora, William's ship, 123 Moretoin, 49; Robert, count of, counsels William, 101; at Hastings, 241 Mortemer, battle of, 47, 50 Mortemer, Roger de, 49 Mortemer-en-Lions, 54 Mortemer, Hue de, 169, 239 Mortemer, Ralf de, 238 Mostiers-Hubert, lord of, 226 Moubrai, Giffrei de, 157, 208; lord of, 236 Muriel, wife of Eudo cum capello, 102, 237 Muriel sanctimonialis, 103

Neel de Cotentin, or de St. Sauveur, revolts, 9, 27; at Hastings, 207, 225; his _hou_, 212 Nehou, sire de, 212 Neufchâtel, 241 Nichole, (Lincoln), 174, Noions, 48 Norfolk, 174; two Ralfs, earls of, 226 Norwich, 174 Norman army compared with English, 175, 181; three companies, 186; stratagem at Hastings, 199 Normans, shaved and mistaken for priests, 147; William's character of, 274 Notinkeham, 174

Oain, St. (St. Ouen), reliques of, 65; chapel of, 66 Odo, bishop of Bayeux, counsels William, 101; his aid, 108; rallies the troops, 194; sister of, 237; imprisoned, 278 Odo of Champagne, 210 Odo, brother of king of France, 48,53 Oil de boeuf, 85 Oismeiz, 17, 18 Olicrosse, 184 Oliver, song of, 189 Onebac, sire de, 239 Orbec, dam Richard de, 232 Origni, sire de, 236 Orleans, 48 Orval, the men of, 212, 227 Osbernus Episcopus, 98 Osgne, 28, 59 Ou, castle and river, 64, 127 Ou, count d', 49, 101, 246

Pacie, sire de, 230 Paienals (Pagenal) des Mostiers-Hubert, 226 Park, the duke's, at Rouen, 94 Perche, 49 Peter, St. his tooth or hair; 115 Pevensey, 123, 131 Picot de Saie, 236 Pierre, St. sur-Dives, 58 Pins, sire des, 215, 233 Pincerna, Albini, 220, 236 Pirou, knight of, 212 Plessis, Grimoult du, 11, 30 Plessis, in the Cotentin, 11 Poitevins, 171 Poix, 171 Pont-Audemer, 45 Pontfract, 136 Ponthieu, 48, 78, 117, 238; Enguerran de, 44, 103; Guy de, 44, 48, 53, 79 Port, sire de, 222 Praels, the lord of, 230 Praeres, lord of, 231 Pratis, Fulk de, 208 Preaux, lord of, 229 Prebends of Bayeux, 5 Presles, lord of, 231 Priests, Norman, their position during the battle, 183 Provens, 48

Quevilly, the park of, 94

Raol de Gael, 118, 225 Raol de Conches, 168 Raol de Montdidier, 49 Raol Tesson at Valdesdunes, 19, 50; at Hastings, 223, 239 Raol, son of Main, 208 Rebercil, sire de, 242 Reliques brought to Caen, 65; to swear Harold, 85; of St. Valery, 120 Renouf de Benin, or Briqueaart, 9, 16, 207 Renchevalles (Roncesvalles), 189 Reviers, sire de, 222 Richard I. duke, 5; his standard, 303 Richard II. duke, 5; grand council, 243 Richmond, honor of, 244 Rie, Hubert de, 13 Risle, river, 28 Robert, duke, 6 Rollo, 5 Rollo and Rognevald, 189 Rollant, the song of, 189 Rollant and Oliver, 189, 257 Romare, dam Will, de, 211, 300 Rome, 68 Romenel (Romney), 262 Rouen and Roumeiz, 17, 49, 94, 271 Rubercy, sire de, 242

Sacie, lord of, 231 Saens, St., 228 Saie, lord of, 236 Seint-cler, sire de, 239 Sainte-paix, church of, 66 Sainteals, lord of, 230 Saint-Jean, men of, 227, 236 Saire, St. (Salvius), 228 Salle, knight called, 30 Salebierre, 174 Sanzaver, 208 Sap, sire de, 232, 301 Sauveur, Neel de St. 27, 207, 228 Saxon--carousals, 156; armour, 175, 176; entrenchment, 176 Saxon chronicle, its character of William, 283 Seizin of England given William on landing, 101 Seine, 48 Semillie, lord of, 207, 228 Senlao, battle of, 178 Senz, 49 Serlon the poet, 103 Seule, 59 Sever, St., cry of, 22; lord of, 207, 229 Shields variously painted, vii; worn at Valdesdunes, 22 Ship, description of William's, 123 Ships furnished by the barons, 108; Taylor's list of, 108, 123; Waco's further account of, 120; dismantled at Hastings, 131 Shrine of St. Valery, 120 Sinclair family, 239 Soissons, 48 Solignie, sire de, 219, 231 Somme, river, 117 Sonles, (sole) the men of, 227 Spain, king of--sends horse to William, 168 Spies' report to Harold, 147 Stamford, 174 Standard,--see gonfanon. Stephen, St. abbey at Caen, 64 Stigand, archbishop, 264, 266 Suffolk, 174 Summerset, 174 Surrie, 174 Sussex, 174

Taillefer's exploits, 189, 299 Tafflou, 41 Tancharville, chamberlain of, 213, 301 Tateshall, Sir Robert, 229, 301 Taylor's MS. list of Norman ships, 108, 123 Tesson, Raol, 19, 50, 223, 239 Tesson, Jourdain, 208 Thames, 71, 266 Thorigny, 10, 22, 25 Thorn-ei (Westminster), 71 Tillieres, the holder of, 208 Toarz, viscount of, 118, 167, 171, 218, 295 Tony, Raol de, 168 Torneor, lord of, 231 Tornieres, de, 232 Toroigne, 48 Tosti, 35; killed, 134, 174, 296 Tostein, Fits Rou, 170, 244 Touke, sire de, 212 Toz-Sainz, church of, 66 Tracie, aire de, 220 Tregos, lord of, 232 Trinity abbey at Caen, 64 Trossebot, lord of, 237 Truce of God, 65 Tur-aie, cry of, 21 Turstain-Goz, 244 Turstain Halduc, 103, 235 Turstain Fits Rou, 170, 244

Urinic, lord of, 23

Vaacie, lord of, 231 Val de Saire, sire de, 220 Val de roil (Vaudreuil), 226 Valeran, brother of Guy of Ponthieu, 53 Valeri, St. meeting at, 117; reliques of, 120; sire de, 246 Valdesdunes, battle of, 18 Valmerei, St. Briçun de, 19 Valognes, William's flight from, 11, 29; journey from to Arques, 44 Varaville, rout of, 59, 289 Varham (for Waltham), 259 Varemna, river, 217 Varenne, hamlet of, 217 Vastineiz, 48 Velquesin, 49 Vernon, 10, 29, 212, 213 Vermandeiz, 48 Vez-pont William de, 207 Vihot, Vigot, &c, 235 Vimou, 101, 117 Vire, the fords of, 13, 45 Vitrie, lord of, 220, 236, 301 Vortigern and Rowena, 156 Vow of the Normans before the battle, 157

Wac, Hugh, 242; Jeffry, 244 Wace, his prologue and history, 4; his father's account of the ships, 120; information as to the comet, 115; fairy hunting in Brittany, 119; testimony as to comparative strength of the armies, 175 Walkelin de Ferrieres, 8 Wallingford, 266 Waltham abbey, 259, 298, 303 Walther von der Vogelweide, 4 Walter Flandrensis, 113 Warren, William, 217, 238, 243, 295 Wassail, 156 Westminster abbey restored, 70; William's charter to, 71; its organ, 289 Wibetes, 198 Wiestace d'Abeville, 214 William the duke, _passim_--see table of contents. Wincant, 34 Winchester, 33, 174, 182 Wircester, 174 Wismeis, 50

FINIS.